314 lines
32 KiB
XML
314 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.2.2522" ID-GBIF-Dataset="915fd11f-00db-4343-8182-fb7a2a3bab34" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152023284" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-2-1" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1314-4049-2-1" ModsDocOrigin="MycoKeys 2" ModsDocTitle="A review of the genus Bulbothrix Hale: the species with medullary norstictic or protocetraric acids" checkinTime="1451253027693" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Benatti, Michel N." docDate="2012" docId="993ECFF3DA2CB6B17AFA7FCDE1B6DF7B" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 2: 1-28" docOrigin="MycoKeys 2" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.2.2522" docTitle="Bulbothrix regnelliana Jungbluth, Marcelli & Elix. Mycotaxon 104: 58. 2008" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="AB004475FFC0FFEFFFD5FFBAF60AFFB7" masterDocTitle="A review of the genus Bulbothrix Hale: the species with medullary norstictic or protocetraric acids" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1643546518216" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A review of the genus Bulbothrix Hale: the species with medullary norstictic or protocetraric acids</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Benatti, Michel N.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>28</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.2.2522</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.2.2522</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-2-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152023284" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:993ECFF3DA2CB6B17AFA7FCDE1B6DF7B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/993ECFF3DA2CB6B17AFA7FCDE1B6DF7B" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName LSID="Mycobank: MB 511169" authority="Jungbluth, Marcelli & Elix. Mycotaxon 104: 58. 2008." class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix regnelliana" order="Lecanorales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="regnelliana">Bulbothrix regnelliana Jungbluth, Marcelli & Elix. Mycotaxon 104: 58. 2008.</taxonomicName>
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Figures 9-10
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Brazil,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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Paulo State,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
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do Rio Preto Municipality,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-20.816668">20°49'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-49.366665">49°22'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 489 m alt., on palm tree trunk in open field, D.F. Peralta 2325, 09-IV-2004 (SP!, isotype B!).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Thallus subirregular sublaciniate, dusky gray in herbarium, fragments up to 4.6 cm diam., subcoriaceous, corticicolous; upper cortex 12.5−17.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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thick, algal layer 20.0−25.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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thick, medulla 75.0−92.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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thick, lower cortex 12.5−17.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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thick. Laciniae irregularly ramified to occasionally anisotomically dichotomously branched, (1.0−) 1.6-2.5 (−3.7) mm wide, imbricate becoming crowded in the center, weakly adnate to loose and ascending, with flat to involute, subrotund apices, the margins flat to involute frequently giving the laciniae a subcanaliculate aspect, crenate to subirregular, entire to irregularly incised, not lacinulate, the axils oval to irregular, upper cortex continuous with rare, random irregular fissures, smooth, laminal ciliary bulbs absent. Lacinulae absent, not even marginal adventitious ones present. Maculae absent. Cilia black, apices frequently absent to less commonly simple and short, 0.05-0.25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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ca. 0.03 mm, with emerse bulbate bases (0.05−) 0.10-0.35 mm wide, frequently along the margins in the crenulations and axils of the laciniae spaced 0.05−0.10 mm from each other, occasionally becoming contiguous, solitary or in small groups, becoming absent or scarce at the apices of the laciniae and adjacent parts. Soredia, pustulae and isidia absent. Medulla white. Lower cortex pale brown to brown, sometimes appearing to be darker in some parts due to groups of dark
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<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="10" start="start">rhizinae</pageBreakToken>
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, opaque, rugose, moderately to densely rhizinate. Marginal zone brown to pale brown, not distinct from the center, opaque to slightly shiny, rugose or weakly venate, papillate, becoming slightly rhizinate towards the center. Rhizinae brown to pale brown, occasionally dark, black or with whitish apices on random parts, simple or rarely irregularly branched, generally with blackish bulbate bases of dislocate bulbs, 0.10-0.50 (−0.80)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.03-0.10 mm, frequent to abundant, commonly agglutinated, evenly distributed. Apothecia concave to urceolate, adnate to substipitate, 0.3-7.5 mm diam., laminal, margins crenate becoming deeply crenate, fissured and folded as they age, coronate (bulbs irregularly appearing in the crenulations), amphithecia smooth to rugose without ornamentations. Disc brown, epruinose, imperforate, epithecium 10.0-15.0 mm high, hymenium 25.0−40.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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high, subhymenium 20.0−30.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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high. Ascospores ellipsoid to oval, (7.0−) 8.0−12.0 (−14.0)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4.0−7.0 (−8.0)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, epispore ca. 1.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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. Pycnidia frequent, submarginal to subapical or sometimes laminal, immerse, with black ostioles; conidia bacilliform to weakly or distinctly bifusiform, (4.0−) 5.0−7.5 (−9.0)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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Figure 9-17. Holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix regnelliana" order="Lecanorales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="regnelliana">Bulbothrix regnelliana</taxonomicName>
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10 Isotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix regnelliana" order="Lecanorales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="regnelliana">Bulbothrix regnelliana</taxonomicName>
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11 Lectotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix subcoronata" order="Lecanorales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subcoronata">Bulbothrix subcoronata</taxonomicName>
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12 Detail of the lower side of the lectotype 13 Ascospores from the apothecium on fig. 1114 Lectotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix ventricosa" order="Lecanorales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="ventricosa">Bulbothrix ventricosa</taxonomicName>
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15 Detail of the laminal bulbs amidst the isidia 16 Holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix viatica" order="Lecanorales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="viatica">Bulbothrix viatica</taxonomicName>
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17 Detail of the lower side of the holotype. Scale bars = 1 cm (9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17), 1 mm (15), and 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(13).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="spot tests">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Spot tests.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">upper cortex K+ yellow, UV-; medulla K+ yellow→orange or light red, C-, KC-, P+ orange, UV-.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="tlc/hplc">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">TLC/HPLC.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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cortical atranorin, medullary norstictic acid and four unknown substances (see also
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<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Jungbluth 2006</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Jungbluth, P" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="51 - 63" title="Five new species of Bulbothrix (Parmeliaceae) from cerrado vegetation in Sao Paulo State, Brazil." volume="104" year="2008">Jungbluth et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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South America. Brazil:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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Paulo (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Jungbluth 2006</bibRefCitation>
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as
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix subcoronata" order="Lecanorales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subcoronata">Bulbothrix subcoronata</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Jungbluth, P" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="51 - 63" title="Five new species of Bulbothrix (Parmeliaceae) from cerrado vegetation in Sao Paulo State, Brazil." volume="104" year="2008">Jungbluth et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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). Here is reported for Paraguay, Argentina, and Brazilian States of Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="additional specimens examined">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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Paraguay,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraguarí">Paraguari</normalizedToken>
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, Parque Nacional
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ybycuí">Ybycui</normalizedToken>
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, along road/trail to Salto
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mbocaruzú">Mbocaruzu</normalizedToken>
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on Rio Corrientes, ca. 200 m, ca.
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-26.083334">26°05'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-56.883335">56°53'W</geoCoordinate>
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, dry Forest and extensive sandstone outcrops in cerrado, leg. W.R. Buck 12006a, 6-X-1984 (NY). Argentina, Corrientes, Depto. Capital, 500 m de tuta 12, camino a Santa Ana, em quebranchal, leg. L. Ferraro 1287, 05-VI-1978 (US). Idem, Depto. Esquina, 10 km S de ruta 126, camino de Tres Bocas a Paso Yunque, leg. A. Krapovickas 28074, 13-III-1975 (US). Idem, Missiones, San Ignacio, pastoreo Grande, em bosque despejado, sobre ramas de
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Astronium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Astronium balansae" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="balansae">Astronium balansae</taxonomicName>
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y
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Helietta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Helietta cuspidata" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuspidata">Helietta cuspidata</taxonomicName>
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, 290 m, leg. J. E. Montes 10060 pr. p., 20-III-1956 (US). Brasil, Minas Gerais State, Catas Altas Municipality, Serra do
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Caraça">Caraca</normalizedToken>
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, Parque Natural do
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Caraça">Caraca</normalizedToken>
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, on tree trunk at the foot of the Morro do
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Calvário">Calvario</normalizedToken>
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at the side of the hotel, leg. M.P. Marcelli & A.E. Luchi 29654, 10-XI-1995 (SP). Idem,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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Paulo State, Serra Negra Municipality, Alto da Serra, near the television tower, on small tree twig on the edge of the illuminated and humid mountainous forest, leg. M.P. Marcelli, O. Yano & A.B. Carvalho 22703, 05-IV-1993 (SP). Idem, Santa Rita do passa Quatro Municipality, Vassununga farm, km 259 of the Anhanguera highway, 760 m alt., transition from cerrado to
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<normalizedToken originalValue="cerradão">cerradao</normalizedToken>
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, on thin twig, leg. M.P. Marcelli & B. L. Morretes 16057, 27-IX-1978 (SP). Idem, Rio Grande do Sul State, Esmeralda Municipality,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Estação">Estacao</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ecológica">Ecologica</normalizedToken>
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Aracuri, on cortex of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schinus polygamus" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polygamus">Schinus polygamus</taxonomicName>
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, 920 m alt. leg. M. Fleig 1830, 12-XII-1982 (ICN).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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The holotype (Fig. 9) and the isotype (Fig. 10) consist of two fragments in good condition, free of substrate, not glued to the voucher card, which mad
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<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="11" start="start">e</pageBreakToken>
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the observation of the characters of the lower cortex possible. Both have numerous apothecia, although it is difficult to find ascospores (hymenia often without asci).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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Several authors determined specimens of
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix regnelliana" order="Lecanorales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="regnelliana">Bulbothrix regnelliana</taxonomicName>
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Jungbluth, Marcelli & Elix as
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix subcoronata" order="Lecanorales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subcoronata">Bulbothrix subcoronata</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
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Argoviensis) Hale or
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix viatica" order="Lecanorales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="viatica">Bulbothrix viatica</taxonomicName>
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Spielmann & Marcelli (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Eliasaro 2001</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ribeiro 1998</bibRefCitation>
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). These three species form a closely related group, in which the species are distinguished mainly by the color of the lower cortex, the size of ascospores and the presence or absence of laminal ciliary bulbs.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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Although
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<bibRefCitation pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Jungbluth (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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made an attempt to relate the shape of apothecia with the size of the ascospores in order to separate the species with norstictic acid, a close examination of the material of
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix subcoronata" order="Lecanorales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subcoronata">Bulbothrix subcoronata</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix regnelliana" order="Lecanorales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="regnelliana">Bulbothrix regnelliana</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix viatica" order="Lecanorales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="viatica">Bulbothrix viatica</taxonomicName>
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demonstrated that this is not a reliable character for the species separation due to character overlap. In fact there are specimens interpreted as
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix subcoronata" order="Lecanorales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subcoronata">Bulbothrix subcoronata</taxonomicName>
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with ascospores ca. 7.0−12.0 mm long (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hale, ME" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Botany" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 29" title="A Monograph of the Lichen Genus Bulbothrix Hale (Parmeliaceae)." volume="32" year="1976">Hale 1976</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Fleig, M" journalOrPublisher="Comunicacoes do Museu de Ciencias da Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Serie Botanica, Porto Alegre" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="79 - 91" title="Estudo preliminar da Familia Parmeliaceae (liquens) no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil." volume="35" year="1985">Fleig 1985</bibRefCitation>
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) and others with ascospores 10.0−20.0 mm long (Marcelli1993,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Eliasaro 2001</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ribeiro 1998</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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Based on the color of the lower cortex and the ascospore size, the material examined by
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<bibRefCitation author="Hale, ME" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Botany" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 29" title="A Monograph of the Lichen Genus Bulbothrix Hale (Parmeliaceae)." volume="32" year="1976">Hale (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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, which was described as
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix subcoronata" order="Lecanorales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subcoronata">Bulbothrix subcoronata</taxonomicName>
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, should probably belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix regnelliana" order="Lecanorales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="regnelliana">Bulbothrix regnelliana</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as assumed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jungbluth, P" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="51 - 63" title="Five new species of Bulbothrix (Parmeliaceae) from cerrado vegetation in Sao Paulo State, Brazil." volume="104" year="2008">Jungbluth et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. It is also possible that the material examined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fleig, M" journalOrPublisher="Comunicacoes do Museu de Ciencias da Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Serie Botanica, Porto Alegre" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="79 - 91" title="Estudo preliminar da Familia Parmeliaceae (liquens) no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil." volume="35" year="1985">Fleig (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, described with ascospores ≤ 10 mm, belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix regnelliana" order="Lecanorales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="regnelliana">Bulbothrix regnelliana</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
In fact, the type specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix subcoronata" order="Lecanorales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subcoronata">Bulbothrix subcoronata</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a shiny black lower cortex with a well defined brown marginal zone, and a single, coronate apothecium, containing very small ascospores (5.0−7.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
4.0−5.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix subcoronata" order="Lecanorales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subcoronata">Bulbothrix subcoronata</taxonomicName>
|
||
is further distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix regnelliana" order="Lecanorales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="regnelliana">Bulbothrix regnelliana</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the smaller width of the laciniae (ca. 0.5−1.0 mm), the more frequent marginal cilia often with simple apices, and the retrorse rhizinae on the amphithecium of the apothecia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix viatica" order="Lecanorales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="viatica">Bulbothrix viatica</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix regnelliana" order="Lecanorales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="regnelliana">Bulbothrix regnelliana</taxonomicName>
|
||
have several characteristics in common, which lead to the hypothesis that they were synonymous. Some specimens with overlapping characters were found; this concerned the absence of laminal ciliary bulbs, marginal cilia with and without apex, a brown lower cortex with small dark spots and ascospores 10.0-14.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long. However, when analyzing the characteristics of the specimens, verifying the collection sites and comparing the material side by side, a correlation of small features was noticed that include the total absence of laminal ciliar bulbs, an emaculate upper cortex, cilia often without apices, a strictly brown lower cortex and ascospores usually ≤ 12
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix regnelliana" order="Lecanorales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="regnelliana">Bulbothrix regnelliana</taxonomicName>
|
||
. which are apparently constant and related to the possible geographic distribution of the species. We therefore decided not to put them into synonymy. The region of the Tropic of Capricorn seems to represent the northern limit of distribution for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix regnelliana" order="Lecanorales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="regnelliana">Bulbothrix regnelliana</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while the latitude of Rio Grande do Sul State in Brazil may represent the southern limit of distribution for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix viatica" order="Lecanorales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="viatica">Bulbothrix viatica</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, there is a common area of occurrence for both. Also some very few specimens mentioned (
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ribeiro 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) with large ascospores, that are know only from the north of Minas Gerais State, also in Brazil, that might represent an undescribed taxa maybe overlapping with the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix viatica" order="Lecanorales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="viatica">Bulbothrix viatica</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix ventricosa" order="Lecanorales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="ventricosa">Bulbothrix ventricosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hale & Kurokawa) Hale differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix regnelliana" order="Lecanorales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="regnelliana">Bulbothrix regnelliana</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having the same characteristics as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix viatica" order="Lecanorales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="viatica">Bulbothrix viatica</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the presence of maculae as well as laminal
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="12" start="start">isidia</pageBreakToken>
|
||
. The coloration of the lower cortex shows an even more frequent mixture variation (i.e., much more varied mixes of black and brown tones) in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix ventricosa" order="Lecanorales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="ventricosa">Bulbothrix ventricosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix viatica" order="Lecanorales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="viatica">Bulbothrix viatica</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix hypocraea" order="Lecanorales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="hypocraea">Bulbothrix hypocraea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Vainio) Hale differs by the densely maculate upper cortex, marginal cilia with simple apices, ecoronate apothecia and medullary salazinic acid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix continua" order="Lecanorales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="continua">Bulbothrix continua</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lynge) Hale differs by the sublinear and dichotomous laciniae, abundant and contiguous bulbate cilia with long apices bent downwards, rhizinae without basal bulbs, ecoronate apothecia and medullary salazinic acid.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix lintelocarpa" order="Lecanorales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lintelocarpa">Bulbothrix lintelocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||
Marcelli is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix continua" order="Lecanorales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="continua">Bulbothrix continua</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but has narrower laciniae (0.3−0.5 mm wide), simple to branched rhizinae, flat apothecia straining over the laciniae, and slightly larger ascospores 10.0−15.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
6.5−8.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix setschwanensis" order="Lecanorales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="setschwanensis">Bulbothrix setschwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Zahlbruckner) Hale differs by the frequent marginal cilia usually with simple apices, rhizinae without basal bulbs, ecoronate apothecia with larger ascospores 12.0-19.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, and medullary salazinic acid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Relicina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Relicina subabstrusa" order="Lecanorales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subabstrusa">Relicina subabstrusa</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gyelnik) Hale (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hale, ME" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Botany" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 32" title="A Monograph of the Lichen Genus Relicina (Parmeliaceae)." url="10.5479/si.0081024X.26" volume="26" year="1975">Hale 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Elix 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) differs by having cortical usnic acid, laciniae more linear, cilia regularly with apices and not only restricted to the axils, and apothecia with bulbs or retrorse rhizinae on the amphithecium (as in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix subcoronata" order="Lecanorales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subcoronata">Bulbothrix subcoronata</taxonomicName>
|
||
) containing smaller ascospores (7.0-8.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
4.0−5.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |