575 lines
60 KiB
XML
575 lines
60 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="8101F2B5E06ACD37E26F3D6E1EB94C33">Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of Avicularia Lamarck, 1818 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae) with description of three new aviculariine genera 01</mods:title>
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<treatment id="FF64090C88D1C44990FCE99DD5B0349F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127891195" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF64090C88D1C44990FCE99DD5B0349F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF64090C88D1C44990FCE99DD5B0349F" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<subSubSection id="9F0F70F20727814AF61C7E3437C10D29" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A2630AAD28D9C79C139BB404722C0FA7" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<taxonomicName id="D918349AF55E3A2454978D02241C79EA" ID-CoL="K39X" authority="Mello-Leitao, 1923" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1923" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia juruensis" order="Araneae" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juruensis">
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Avicularia juruensis
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<normalizedToken id="F874CF8FFB6D83283A956EF1B248DFBA" originalValue="Mello-Leitão">Mello-Leitao</normalizedToken>
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, 1923
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</taxonomicName>
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Figs 15, 19, 76, 106-108, 109-116, 117-122, 123-126, 127, 307
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="40F2AF0099392C3AC9D3F416672F2040" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="21FBBEC72E814C4573417C15A02D5BA0" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName id="BCD69BDA26F87B5784962776B93F911A" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia juruensis" order="Araneae" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juruensis">
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<pageBreakToken id="982CC54D8D889D30764EED9D10E86268" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" start="start">Avicularia</pageBreakToken>
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juruensis
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</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="D8516BC37B5645836A653E088653D419" originalValue="Mello-Leitão">Mello-Leitao</normalizedToken>
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, 1923: 321, 377, figs 156, 188 (syntypes 4 females and 1 male, Brazil, Amazonas,
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<normalizedToken id="EA1BBD7A0028A3F2A6631A6237CD33D2" originalValue="Juruá">Jurua</normalizedToken>
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[
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<geoCoordinate id="44C6B55B2E84D7105D2ED45FA64E6A41" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.7833333">4°47'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="E081F0243C3C9932182CB3F6339E140F" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-68.63333">68°38'W</geoCoordinate>
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], Garbe col., 1902, MZUSP 125
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<normalizedToken id="D95E40EBAAD732E47BCE977F258C0EE7" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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, examined; lectotype male (MZUSP 125C) and paralectotype female (MZUSP 125B), here designated);
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<bibRefCitation id="13B80A865A6C7387D0105BA0AD60BCF5" author="Roewer, CF" journalOrPublisher="Bremen" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" pagination="1 - 1040" title="Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940." volume="1" year="1942">Roewer 1942</bibRefCitation>
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: 255;
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<bibRefCitation id="EB4BCEB33FDCEA59250DCEED43B5B226" author="Buecherl, W" journalOrPublisher="Memorias do Instituto Butantan" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="109 - 151" title="Quilopodos, aranhas e escorpioes enviados ao Instituto Butantan para determinacao." volume="25" year="1953">
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<normalizedToken id="73B823BEA44916778B8B20A5A6AC0229" originalValue="Bücherl">Buecherl</normalizedToken>
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||
1953
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 128, figs 9-11 (misidentification, probably a
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<taxonomicName id="679E34D2D9EDEDDAB4960064491AA45B" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Tapinauchenius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tapinauchenius" order="Araneae" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tapinauchenius</taxonomicName>
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);
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<bibRefCitation id="262037531BD84A80527116D94428B169" author="Bonnet, P" journalOrPublisher="Douladoure, Tolouse" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="919 - 1926" title="Bibliographie araneorum. Analyse methodique de toute la litterature araneologique jusqu'en 1939" year="1955">Bonnet 1955</bibRefCitation>
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: 831;
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<bibRefCitation id="F0CCF0EFAD31909980C933154CEF1001" author="Wheeler, QD" journalOrPublisher="Natural History Museum, Bern" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" title="World Spider Catalog" url="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" year="2016">World Spider Catalog 2016</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F6A8D74099D39416BCB37F68A06D8B4B" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName id="3EA674A1A26BA7E7F2F1BED35DFEAB64" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia urticans" order="Araneae" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urticans">Avicularia urticans</taxonomicName>
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Schmidt, 1994: 5, figs 1-2 (holotype female, from Peru, Krasa leg., 1989, SMF 38035 and spermathecae in microslides, SMF 58243-84 21/11, SMF 58243-84, examined), 1995c: 2, figs 1-2;
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<bibRefCitation id="96344F5A8464BE903B274134420C4C79" author="Wheeler, QD" journalOrPublisher="Natural History Museum, Bern" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" title="World Spider Catalog" url="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" year="2016">World Spider Catalog 2016</bibRefCitation>
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. Syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="CD5E645D60D7E59E16CFF0482107D784" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="58BE9EF89B6574FFF09D8C9981216966" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B5426CB620FBF3AC73567527739509A6" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName id="37FF81287D3369F6292A19322748316A" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia urticans" order="Araneae" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urticans">Avicularia urticans</taxonomicName>
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holotype is in poor conditions since the specimen died during moulting process. Its spermatheca is preserved in slides, but unfortunately it lost
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<pageBreakToken id="A8476450C04ECACCFF93E2EB49FF18AF" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" start="start">most</pageBreakToken>
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of its natural shape. Despite this, it was possible to observe that spermatheca have midwidth expanded, about 1.5 times its basal and apical portion widths. Spermatheca morphology and overall body coloration match with large specimens found in Peru and Ecuador. Well-preserved material were examined and despite some differences in color features,
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<taxonomicName id="E9A7822B797939D29FA0694FD360500A" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia urticans" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urticans">Avicularia urticans</taxonomicName>
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is indistinguishable from
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<taxonomicName id="4A4C995FA8E1201BC8256BBDD54F9CD9" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia juruensis" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juruensis">Avicularia juruensis</taxonomicName>
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. Thus, we consider
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<taxonomicName id="76A2EE91DD4CEFC7DA85B61AAB1B59E3" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia urticans" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urticans">Avicularia urticans</taxonomicName>
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Schmidt, 1994 as junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="E4592D90EFB621712A93D7770004B7C6" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia juruensis" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juruensis">Avicularia juruensis</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="14909B11DA1A3740A4C1FB02B5564662" originalValue="Mello-Leitão">Mello-Leitao</normalizedToken>
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, 1923.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="4F5556E61B2E3BE178A07887D949D06B" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<paragraph id="CF5640AA3D0CFBDD657C1338B49C5D88" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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Figures 106-108.
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<taxonomicName id="F0837DD87CBA13675AD525C65608387A" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia juruensis" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juruensis">Avicularia juruensis</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="29ADEC5621AAF115DF30579D5F32FC9D" originalValue="Mello-Leitão">Mello-Leitao</normalizedToken>
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, 1923, spermathecae variation. 106 paralectotype, Rio
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<normalizedToken id="818C426F08B55EDD6F72D20CCBC50F53" originalValue="Juruá">Jurua</normalizedToken>
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, state of Amazonas, Brazil (MZUSP 125C) 107 paralectotype, Rio
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<normalizedToken id="6478E0DD297A3832F82019E94E8DB057" originalValue="Juruá">Jurua</normalizedToken>
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, state of Amazonas, Brazil (MZUSP 125A) 108 morphotype 3, Pebas, department of Loreto, Peru (
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<normalizedToken id="A6178279370D6746097E4D1852A0EE62" originalValue="MNHN–AR">MNHN-AR</normalizedToken>
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4902). Scale bars = 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="947FA9BABA06B146002A7CF37FA44FBC" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="93A47BAFC7C0AA180A6776A2B1D9F9CE" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3E1A25757747F84954DBE5CF84A51CF3" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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Females of
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<taxonomicName id="F737FAE857FE3855190BA63AD2346CF8" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia juruensis" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juruensis">Avicularia juruensis</taxonomicName>
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resemble those of
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<taxonomicName id="B4175817312FE71404B04FF18D9B7B84" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia variegata" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">Avicularia variegata</taxonomicName>
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stat. n. and
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<taxonomicName id="F5482000FD81696BEAB9EE1D341D87B5" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia taunayi" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taunayi">Avicularia taunayi</taxonomicName>
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by the spermathecae having midwidth expanded, about 1.5 times its basal and apical portion widths (Fig. 106). They can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="583B65FBF4DE1C51029C835E184E3E3E" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia taunayi" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taunayi">Avicularia taunayi</taxonomicName>
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by the spermathecae lacking lobes (Fig. 106). Males of
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<taxonomicName id="38DAAFD11EBE22F9F2414F97D063698F" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia juruensis" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juruensis">Avicularia juruensis</taxonomicName>
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resemble those of
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<taxonomicName id="F65E7FDD1198487E36B70F6AB1E5C83D" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia avicularia" order="Araneae" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avicularia">
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<pageBreakToken id="3574271FB4710234BDE3551E0C450570" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" start="start">Avicularia</pageBreakToken>
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avicularia
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="A15758125FAABBBD250552E7A29BFF53" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia rufa" order="Araneae" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">Avicularia rufa</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="49ED97768BC95EE973E6A7F3B4B10260" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia variegata" order="Araneae" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">Avicularia variegata</taxonomicName>
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stat. n.,
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<taxonomicName id="E3F1357E27E22A63D25293241C5C9826" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia taunayi" order="Araneae" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taunayi">Avicularia taunayi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="F58098E03C8320CA5197E19923B09E2B" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia purpurea" order="Araneae" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">Avicularia purpurea</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="AD82BD844545CE5855C588EDD044ECE6" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia merianae" order="Araneae" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merianae">Avicularia merianae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. by the tibial apophysis on leg I with well-developed base and grouped spiniform setae distally (Fig. 114). They differ from males of all these species except
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<taxonomicName id="95DB84A34FD7CCD4344EE92B8F0454EE" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia variegata" order="Araneae" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">Avicularia variegata</taxonomicName>
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stat. n. by its well-developed prominence on tegulum (Fig. 111). Males and females of
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<taxonomicName id="354DB72BE0FF5A0C92C8458BFE77FB25" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia juruensis" order="Araneae" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juruensis">Avicularia juruensis</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="F3F6C56A226CBBCC38D5DEEBBA5B2EE9" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia variegata" order="Araneae" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">Avicularia variegata</taxonomicName>
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stat. n. by intense purple sheen on carapace and legs (morphotype 2, Figs 120-121) or intense golden sheen on carapace and legs (morphotype 1, Fig. 122). They can also be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5768EF31C7E6C61482B5B154BAB1548" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia variegata" order="Araneae" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">Avicularia variegata</taxonomicName>
|
||
stat. n. by the occurrence area: western part of South America, in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru (Fig. 76).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DBB6BDD8FEE54A9A0DC863C7A00CC43D" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="AE301D95B401D5B3724F24F46F36EF5D" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Additional material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE7A29B0A6E1DE83B6266213D806C34D" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
COLOMBIA:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="121CF3EA4BB36239D35F0A3AF01BAE41" originalValue="Vaupés">Vaupes</normalizedToken>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="92B57FF6F1AFCB30F33C92E3BB233F13" originalValue="Vaupés">Vaupes</normalizedToken>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3F81F115F82F94DE8CDC97B0F276B7D0" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.083333336">0°5'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B9A25A89827AA3342C6C3850894C5A88" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.8">70°48'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], low
|
||
<normalizedToken id="88E31831C37B17A77B84090076ABF0DF" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Apaporis, Lago Toraima,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A8AAB1ACC2775741A850DD835F1697D1" originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="91312ACCA744C596997C8D38D7B7FAFA" originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
|
||
Caparu, 200 m asl, 1 male, Col. Jaime
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B8F2E72DDA26A37B41D48C7C5459E888" originalValue="Pinzól">Pinzol</normalizedToken>
|
||
(AP3-5) (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FE2273708FEE326BBF05D359F3CA0CA4" originalValue="ICN–Ar-">ICN-Ar-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2006); Putumayo: Puerto
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7470F1E73467A31AD355EB0A146B7BF6" originalValue="Leguízamo">Leguizamo</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Parque Nacional Natural La Paya [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="382920E1924E48B6031769593E6C4141" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.46666667">0°28'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="19AC9EE11C5F60C480AB98ED6462D574" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-75.816666">75°49'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<normalizedToken id="48F451298B4908267A1E9DDE6BC522C6" originalValue="Mamansoyá">Mamansoya</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Mamangaya [sic]), 1 male, 21 September 2001, D. Campos col. (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D5758D8C30AD9DF3D00AAA816A1C89CD" originalValue="ICN–Ar-">ICN-Ar-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1972); Amazonas:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3BDF7E7A6208F8A5C81A1BACF30FA19E" originalValue="Letícia">Leticia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, km 2 Via Taparaca (trapaca [sic]), (4°12'19.25'S,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="44FA8FE50FD0D201AD47DA079F9D2CD1" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-69.93279">69°55'58.07"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 100 m asl, 1 male, Col. Est. Sist. Anim. I-2002, 25 April 2002 (13001) (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2311F0B838A8E93F66672531B43885BA" originalValue="ICN–Ar-">ICN-Ar-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1970); [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F324D2ACB5FCFA132E2701C7D710CE0E" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.2">4°12'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F219758F1D452BE1803A849906C4C7BC" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-69.933334">69°56'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], km 11, Carretera a Tarapaca, bosque en interior de hija enrollada con casulo de seda a 50 m del suelo, coleta manual, 100 m asl, 1 immature, E.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6DE00E82BEB62AE979B2A774A2CC6845" originalValue="Flórez">Florez</normalizedToken>
|
||
col., 27 October 1997 (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0567569587B829560CADBA4369441761" originalValue="ICN–Ar-">ICN-Ar-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1978); km 10, via Terapacos, Finca La Arerosa, 95 m asl, 1 immature, Col. Est. Sist. Animal II.03, 06 November 2003 (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0F94A31CB5A171530815E013CE09CD2E" originalValue="ICN–Ar-">ICN-Ar-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2369); La Pedrera, Resguardo
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2AFE0179935A9C75BE80C2A15C243B66" originalValue="Indígena">Indigena</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="89005C002DD4C8ED5AFD99F6D6F103AA" originalValue="Curaril–Los">Curaril-Los</normalizedToken>
|
||
Ingleses, colectada em el interior de una vivenda, em horas nocturnas, 1 male, Z. Cordero col., 24 April 2004 (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FF123689949FEE806B729ED341D60D69" originalValue="ICN–Ar-">ICN-Ar-</normalizedToken>
|
||
6819); cerca de
|
||
<normalizedToken id="686BFEEBAB03A1A4FFBF297B85006A6B" originalValue="Letícia">Leticia</normalizedToken>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="28E4CA4B879829314B549CBE997C7CE7" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.2">4°12'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="89B13D81EE8D4B32B79610D6203E3749" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-69.933334">69°56'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 100 m asl, D. Campos col., August 1997 (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F0E8B25DB29D15C0169F5DE5F821BB0A" originalValue="ICN–Ar-">ICN-Ar-</normalizedToken>
|
||
5002); BRAZIL: Amazonas: between Benjamin Constant [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C1CB3949B058E12D4DE10FC975E6826E" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.366667">4°22'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="18D812A59C41E4602C1910092EBEDC80" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.01667">70°01'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
] and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="222ED8B8F8816F8F515D86525C344302" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paulo de
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CC1E169F4DDFB8AA27377D460D441FEE" originalValue="Olivença">Olivenca</normalizedToken>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D85682E1479891FB062553455D1B6DB6" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.3666668">3°22'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D4656DCED438BC3BACBBEF76F3FAB763" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-68.86667">68°52'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1 male, P. L. Conti col., 3 August 1972, ref. 9971 (IBSP 2829); Alto
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2181D789352E05321199C7E2753C5264" originalValue="Solimões">Solimoes</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 2 males, 31 August 1972 (IBSP 3389);
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A1FFD0B1ECD89CA06A1141AB08AF8ABC" originalValue="Igarapé">Igarape</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AA565DE7C06D36BBF3077AA956B0EA6D" originalValue="Belém">Belem</normalizedToken>
|
||
, near confluence with Rio
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C3D5F94B49579DAF444028F2F4AC2B22" originalValue="Solimões">Solimoes</normalizedToken>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EECAF5E89186E3B212E17E5850A56BAE" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.0833333">3°05'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="AD401F5A20F769B00B44D43EB459DEEE" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-60.133335">60°08'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1 male, B. Malkin col., 5-30 April 1966 (AMNH 1.29); Rio Negro [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3C0782ED07196CCB36495F55B6F6C3A1" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.15">3°09'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="75B7D1D5D2222092D9DE1040FBA82218" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-59.95">59°57'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1 female, J. Coffey col., September 1994 (AMNH RW31); Carauari, left margin of Rio
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4E37AD1EFEF6AF5696A5F503A919A8D7" originalValue="Juruá">Jurua</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Comunidade
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A5B3D337375F992A6B4A9E8BD0E0D463" originalValue="Esperança">Esperanca</normalizedToken>
|
||
, RESEX
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C5605E795A8D6645D27ECFB15716639C" originalValue="Médio">Medio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3A06576CC6DF3620240050884D079E13" originalValue="Juruá">Jurua</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C95B2B623EFFB1629C1DED1FB0A1BCB6" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-5.0919447">05°05'31"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="17CC859A05EF055B59A3AFFAA2CA51DA" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-67.167496">67°10'03"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 1 male, F. F. Xavier Filho & A. L. Henriques col., 27 June to 16 July 2005 (INPA 4886);
|
||
<normalizedToken id="427F9FE6CAA58B1FBEF8079ED5B7DC3E" originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Breves [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E152A9B53794EB7E90B8118AEE876C72" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.6666667">1°40'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5C898578539A89EB1A32A16E966CB429" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-50.466667">50°28'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], margem W,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="161142F9ED708CA3ECCC8F3F11D7D1F3" originalValue="Área">Area</normalizedToken>
|
||
2, 1 male, J. Dias col., 2 February 1988 (MPEG 5398); Acre: Cruzeiro do Sul [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4F89D27B81D01C4A29224CBD890AEE3E" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.616667">7°37'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C453545096D5534DCA42F400DEB31FFF" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-72.666664">72°40'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1 female, S. Albuquerque (by photo); ECUADOR: 1 female, M. Baumgarten leg., 1994 (IBSP 12887); Napo: Parque Nacional
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B209E7D070EA36406FC5E61D2FB9C699" originalValue="Yasuní">Yasuni</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Catholica Field Station (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F1822E8BCD3AE6605C24B193584383E6" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-0.6816667">0°40'54"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F03C13B75C382877B930B15E67F4425A" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-76.385925">76°23'9.33"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 2 males, A. I. Ognato col., 15 July 1996 (CAS 6, CAS 4); Puerto Napo, 20 km east,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="879CE866F22A051F3669DC60A8506BF5" originalValue="Aliñahuí">Alinahui</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1°0'S, 77°25'W), 450 m, 1 immature male, V. D. & B. Roth col., January 1994 (CAS 11A); 1 immature male,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66B0974621182783FB178FCF99332F10" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia urticans" order="Araneae" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urticans">Avicularia urticans</taxonomicName>
|
||
det. R. West in August 94, V. D. & B. Roth col. (CAS 8); 1 male,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6624D53C46AF6E08FB6E0FD5A5C3220" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia urticans" order="Araneae" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urticans">Avicularia urticans</taxonomicName>
|
||
det. R. West in August 94, V. D. & B. Roth col., June 1994 (CAS 5); Puerto Napo, 25 km East, Selva
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A30BCD255499F479ECAA1E12F22F4499" originalValue="Aliñahuí">Alinahui</normalizedToken>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3C115509AD2E946C83387A714BDED3F1" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.0">1°0'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2AF0BAE80617932694DABACF5EBC49B8" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.416664">77°25'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 450 m, 2 immature males, E. Ross col.,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="250D2E6C5F4FDA3C63CCFBFB3387CAFF" originalValue="January–February">January-February</normalizedToken>
|
||
1991;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06F82BDEBEC87E95F9B1AA71634A4C75" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia juruensis" order="Araneae" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juruensis">Avicularia sp. near juruensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
det. J. Ledford 1997 (CAS); Pastaza: Tiguino [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7E7B3FB173158EFBDD399F2D06B3B46F" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.2">1°12'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C11C391E165143057FBFFB8CB60C61DF" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-7.85">7°51'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1 female, W. Lamar col., September 1990 (AMNH RW53); Morona-Santiago: Los Tayos, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="80ED61565BC78389E6D5D6B85A8794FF" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.0833333">3°05'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F3C9F0FE40154FE57FFA7125FA4C3FD5" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.03333">78°02'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 1 female, in grass area near mil. camp, in afternoon,
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="8EB799D567A66F606927CA94E10BA75F" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" start="start">5</pageBreakToken>
|
||
July 1976 (IBSP 12884); same locality, in hole in tree trunk live but part rotten c.1 m from base, 1 male (IBSP 12888); PERU: spermathecae in microslides, no further information (SMF 58257-84); Rio Bombo, alto Tapiche, 1 female, 2 immatures, H. Bassler col, January 1928 (AMNH Pe55); R.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="277B3CF4B5FA74D50A1453D5BC37CA3D" originalValue="Marañon">Maranon</normalizedToken>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="09A69B2825C780A4EA9F0636ABE139FC" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-6.4">6°24'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0631AC2BE23462B7D2C2A8E4B21D64CD" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.083336">76°05'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1 female, Bristol [col.?], October 1927 (AMNH Pe5);
|
||
<normalizedToken id="663F721A1645BB1AEB3C38E950D2996A" originalValue="Marañón">Maranon</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Marauon [sic]),1 female,1 immature male, Bristol [col.?], October 1927 (AMNH Pe96); no data, probably Loreto, INRENA confiscation, 1 female (UA 088/2004); Peruvian jungle, confiscation, 1 male (UA 098/2004); Loreto: no further information, 1 female, Collection Bluntschili-Peyes, 1912 (AMNH Pe115); Cashiboya [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FAB1CC62EAD2D0D0F056DCCDC5286E30" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.65">7°39'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B92827C6CC159BE2E463CCA3D178230A" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-74.916664">74°55'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1 female, February 1927 (AMNH Pe111);
|
||
<normalizedToken id="458C291202C93F5CF2A73E148FAF2A98" originalValue="Estirón">Estiron</normalizedToken>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="19BCFB7552D153C7ECF63F04B5D68256" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.116667">4°07'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="AB69CA161122C108A8CEAAB0C96401DF" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.71667">70°43'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], Rio Ampiacu, 3 females, 1 male, 2 juveniles, B. Malkin col., 15-22 May 1966 (AMNH Pe58); Iquitos [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="28E9B82627CFA0C363CD0B2832A9B59C" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.7333333">3°44'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4AEED1277D3F73C6A52F56B058A14AB5" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.25">73°15'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1 female, J. Huff col., November 1995 (AMNH RW51); Iquitos, Rio Momon, Amazon Camp (3°41'13.00"S, 73°16'48'00"W), 2 females, 1 male, R. C. West col., 9 November 1993 (AMNH RW35, AMNH RW36, AMNH RW37, respectively); 1 male, T. Mason col., March 1993 (AMNH RW39); 2 females, R. C. West col., 6 November 1993 (AMNH RW40, AMNH RW41); 1 male, E. Cooper col., May 1993 (AMNH RW43); Pebas [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DA51A3E80A32D79872464495A62DF090" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.3166666">3°19'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F4BFA360B63EDBFA4102B614E7F4777C" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-71.85">71°51'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1 female, De Mathan col. (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="79FF2FBEEBAFF4D5E1D3DFB762DF4DD3" originalValue="MNHN–AR">MNHN-AR</normalizedToken>
|
||
4902); Rio Tahuayo [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3C6E325BD7C9B798AFB014C2B06E896E" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.883333">4°53'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="510B632F9B438B69C506F162CE7EEBB6" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.13333">73°08'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1 male, W. Lamar col., September 1990, found parasite on forest floor (AMNH RW46); San
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E67C921EB974EF951F53E13FE27F790F" originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Tarapoto [06°07'S, 75°57'W], 1 female, (UA 668/2005); Valley of Cainarachi, 40 miles east of Tarapoto, 1 female, 700-1500 m a.s.l., December 1925 (AMNH Pe54); Ucayali: Pampa Hermosa, Rio Ucayali [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C1F3F7A00A998E99B528977CE9E0F1C4" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.5666666">7°34'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FB4A8D2496E6D258AC981A2E625210E2" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-74.316666">74°19'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1 male, 1 female, January or June 1927 (AMNH Pe34); (Pompa Hermosa [sic]; Ucayoli [sic]), 8 females, February 1927 (AMNH Pe116); Rio Utiquinea [8°131'S,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8B144467C444DA9872C102E3FE7C03D6" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-74.53333">74°32'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
] (Upper Utoguinia [sic]), La frontera, 1 juvenile female, H. Bassler col., 1928 (AMNH Pe113); (Rio Utuguinea [sic]),
|
||
<normalizedToken id="49DD89691D949A2D70B7C9A1E4A442CE" originalValue="Peru–Brazil">Peru-Brazil</normalizedToken>
|
||
frontier, 1 immature, August 1927 (AMNH Pe109); Crenze Zwischen Peru und Brazil, sud Crenze, Beim Uberer Utoquinia, 1 immature male,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EEC020870AA05CEFCC10DC25D8ECCA09" originalValue="“Scolopenda”">"Scolopenda"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 10 February 1928 (AMNH 1.10);
|
||
<normalizedToken id="024F078F8A32C201BEC3C10EDBC81CFA" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Ucayali [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="874C4AA7CD80072E9B712C71D84312CF" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.5666666">7°34'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C6B707964A0244385E3FB00C06397094" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-74.316666">74°19'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], Suhuaya + Rean Rean [?], 2 juvenile females, 1 immature male, 12-16 December 1926 (AMNH Pe122).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="9788BF81F9C6381176E4657A138D8F1E" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<paragraph id="F671E903182B167C58954B434406F1C7" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
Figures 109-116.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6136511F5E97752024ED70A7B86D34CE" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia juruensis" order="Araneae" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juruensis">Avicularia juruensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3609A25D2045CFF3B4C3134488C3C137" originalValue="Mello-Leitão">Mello-Leitao</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1923, male lectotype (MZUSP 125B). 109-112 left palpal bulb 109 prolateral 110 retrolateral 111 frontal 112 dorsal 113 left cymbium, dorsal 114-116 right tibial apophysis of leg I (mirrored) 114 prolateral 115 ventral 116 retrolateral. Scale bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="E6D4EFCFC975012765E2B5210545D456" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<paragraph id="F2A4BB95E8BF75C34D291C277F45EDB1" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
Figures 117-122.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94B1BB115CC6EB618275A686F32F2CF7" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia juruensis" order="Araneae" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juruensis">Avicularia juruensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="25855F4B6D3ED50C610BF33B383A6F9A" originalValue="Mello-Leitão">Mello-Leitao</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1923, habitus. 117-118 morphotype 2 117 immature 118 juvenile 119 female with yellowish leg ring, department of Napo, Ecuador 120 female with whitish leg ring, department of Loreto, Peru 121 male, department of Loreto, Peru 122 morphotype 1, female, Peru. Photos: 117 Tanya Stewart; 118 W. Lamar; 119-122 R. C. West.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="47D2FDBF234A4133E78FF41591CC63B2" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="male">
|
||
<paragraph id="F9A07F075DEF98119F52F6C1D13DA84B" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Male.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="86988012245DC7BD75611CB659865016" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
Description.MZUSP 125C. Carapace: 15.23 long, 15.31 wide, 4.67 high. Chelicera: 5.60 long. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 15.92, 8.47, 12.61, 11.81, 7.31, 56.12. II: lost. III: lost. IV: 16.63, 6.87, 14.78, 15.72, 6.16, 60.16. Palp: 9.11, 6.03, 8.09, -, 3.51, 26.74. Midwidths: femora
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B27F3C97C38C80057170FA71EECFBB93" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 3.21, -, -, 3.08, palp= 2.23; patellae
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4B771436B0776CBF4EB32D4348FF78E5" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 2.74, -, -, 2.60, palp= 1.91; tibiae
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F0CDACD105881EFD40A3649BAB067345" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 2.34, -, -, 2.43, palp= 2.18; metatarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B8FA58AF657D46669199883F3714C31D" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 1.54, -, -, 1.70; tarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="00FBFD0672B2B4A14AFBC0CA4495FE66" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 1.67, -, -, 1.93, palp= 2.06. Abdomen: 16.66 long, 12.25 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 1.20 long, 0.54 wide, 0.23 apart; PLS, 1.83 basal, 1.79 middle, 2.96 distal; midwidths 1.41, 1.41, 0.93, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="60D34DAF5C7D7D5DDCC84943679462C7" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Carapace: as long as wide; cephalic region slightly raised, thoracic striae conspicuous.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2816988E695108685A7ACABD2ABEDFF7" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fovea: deep, slightly recurve, 2.27 wide.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4138CE62428E853147BC6B7575830C97" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
Eyes: ocular tubercle 1.05 high, 2.19 long, 3.22 wide. Clypeus 0.56. Anterior eye row procurve. Posterior slightly recurve. Eye size and interdistances: AME 0.69, ALE 0.77, PME 0.25, PLE 0.65,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0281BC7795F20564BB4D837D6F514175" originalValue="AME–AME">AME-AME</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.59,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4825E5C561053A21A4096703FED3E457" originalValue="AME–ALE">AME-ALE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.51,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4E019A9DECDA9F7E3A5F58FE2FE500E0" originalValue="AME–PME">AME-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.22,
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="61D74AF000CFF98C4D5DF31B6F5E5311" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" start="start">ALE</pageBreakToken>
|
||
-ALE 2.14,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6BDC40F9C36B9DEE623BC03F45131245" originalValue="ALE–PME">ALE-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.95,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="886A56635A59067D2DB8ED28B98438CB" originalValue="PME–PME">PME-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.97,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="912C2F1A29FE8794901F87E34682E3A5" originalValue="PME–PLE">PME-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.21,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="39245CA0F43C5662ADA44BCD0C6303CB" originalValue="PLE–PLE">PLE-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.47,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F4BAD6AE31E58635621770599134001C" originalValue="ALE–PLE">ALE-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.54,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FC1790C4544CC674DC401471E971944B" originalValue="AME–PLE">AME-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.56.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A94921FC073D34A450A6F978908FA707" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Maxilla: length to width: 2.31. Cuspules: 100-200 spread over ventral inner heel. Labium: 2.51 long, 2.75 wide, with 87 cuspules spaced by one diameter from each other on anterior third. Labio-sternal groove shallow, flat, with no visible sigilla.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1FD8831C33C282EBCB1B2B9970F49DBF" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Sternum: 7.18 long, 6.71 wide. Sigilla: not evident.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B53EF870BEBF8735C5F7645532DBAC28" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Legs: Formula: IV=I - -. Length leg IV to leg I: 1.07. Clavate trichobothria: 2/3 distal on tarsi I, IV. Scopulae: Tarsi I and IV fully scopulate. IV lacking sparse setae. Metatarsi I fully scopulate,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D4D90FC3699CCD248F04A41590D1CB46" originalValue="II–III">II-III</normalizedToken>
|
||
?; IV on distal 1/3. IV divided by a row of setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1761013EB346C9F5F26D393A92E53B89" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Type II urticating setae: 0.94-1.01 long, 0.017-0.021 wide.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA5FC96D28D6CF9897AFDCDFE5DD85D4" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Palp (Figs 109-112): globous bulb with small subtegulum and well-developed prominence on tegulum. Embolus: not flattened, without keels, 5.02 long in retrolateral view, about 3.0 times
|
||
<normalizedToken id="35FDAB77386F3C4B12CDD58F2584DE50" originalValue="tegulum’s">tegulum's</normalizedToken>
|
||
length. Medial portion and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5E0FEE4968D43EE35A5DE5658184C7EE" originalValue="tegulum’s">tegulum's</normalizedToken>
|
||
margin form an acute angle in retrolateral view. Proximal part very curved in frontal view; thin distal width, abruptly narrowing distally; basal, middle, and distal width of 0.89, 0.17, 0.03, respectively. Tegulum: 1.62 long, 2.72 high in retrolateral view. Cymbium subtriangular with subequal lobes, and well-developed rounded process on retrolateral lobe, bearing thick setae (Figs 113, 307).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AAD0FEEEA79EC70F4FBD77998DA16A9D" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Tibial apophysis (Figs 114-116): single branch on prolateral leg I, with well-developed base and grouped spiniform setae distally. Male metatarsus I touches retrolaterally tibial
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3CA5C74DBE120906A0896BA4FC4780CF" originalValue="apophysis’">apophysis'</normalizedToken>
|
||
setae when folded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="035705FC60422171CBEC5795AE0BADB0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Color pattern: carapace brown with golden short body setae. Carapace border with long setae the same color as dorsal carapace short body setae. Coxae, labium, sternum and maxillae brown, slightly darker than ventral femora. Legs and palps with golden brown short body setae and brown long dark guard-setae. Leg rings on distal femora, tibiae and metatarsi whitish. Abdomen dorsum with reddish brown guard-setae and black short body setae. Ventral abdomen brown.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1E6F0D4E2024A3CC1A3F99522AD55055" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="female">
|
||
<paragraph id="5D84C3222B33C415247B29853791F62D" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Female.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E45AC32643C62386201415D029886BA" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Redescription.MZUSP 125B. Carapace: 19.26 long, 16.94 wide, 5.22 high. Chelicera: 8.77 long. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 15.30, 9.13, 11.53, 9.92, 6.66, 52.54. II: 14.21, 8.26, 10.39, 10.37, 6.25, 49.48. III: 12.99, 7.49, 9.86, 9.68, 6.43, 46.45. IV: 15.75, 8.48, 13.59, 13.19, 6.62, 57.63. Palp: 10.61, 6.74, 7.07, -, 8.34, 32.76. Midwidths: femora
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C2C4AA0ACA8D013123007E9E28147277" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 3.64, 3.71, 3.84, 3.45, palp= 2.84; patellae
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6E637F4B279CB54DF863715B550E88F6" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 3.55, 3.68, 3.69, 3.62, palp= 2.90; tibiae
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DE2371EB616A0597D8A097067FE70F37" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 2.97, 3.13, 3.00, 2.72, palp= 2.88; metatarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="744104FF01A39584311F88BA5646D926" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 2.34, 2.67, 2.21, 2.20; tarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="678A79AD344885A2ECB260CE8FD88D0E" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 2.89, 2.44, 2.80, 2.62, palp= 2.78. Abdomen: 24.29 long, 16.59 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 2.32 long, 1.54 wide, 0.1 apart; PLS, 3.43 basal, 2.14 middle, 2.86 distal; widths 1.82, 1.45, 1.28, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B7495D886CBD2E54F56DBE2D44037C8A" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">As in male, except:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="94E81A3CA5434D14AEFAF576B9A59302" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Carapace: 1.14 times longer than wide.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8F64961337440B32ACA7E65CD90CC3D6" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fovea: 2.19 wide.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D350DE029185B1199122E9784085C517" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Eyes: eye tubercle 1.15 high, 2.76 long, 3.56 wide. Clypeus 0.48. Eye size and interdistances: AME 0.78, ALE 0.80, PME 0.34, PLE 0.75,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5B78A3D0338C591595B63E41424C130F" originalValue="AME–AME">AME-AME</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.64,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8AA0647DA6357B378EFFC68F7455052F" originalValue="AME–">AME-</normalizedToken>
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="F53BA791FFF8C7AF8A754015B02378F4" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" start="start">ALE</pageBreakToken>
|
||
0.56,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9C5E0B639983B6679C8506EDB8B6911B" originalValue="AME–PME">AME-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.29,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7EC2201FFF9B2CF234DB55E3DA4C7C7F" originalValue="ALE–ALE">ALE-ALE</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.53,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DDC75462DB6FA52054621650E21A3D0A" originalValue="ALE–PME">ALE-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.91,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="10CEA00D8338396FCB417CCD00635517" originalValue="PME–PME">PME-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.13,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9754C81FA262BDE23F2BB87621BA65F2" originalValue="PME–PLE">PME-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.14,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7DFBD199E40C6B8659DA20193926A8CA" originalValue="PLE–PLE">PLE-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.95
|
||
<normalizedToken id="44C721356F06A30EDD5D44C4883ABF40" originalValue="ALE–PLE">ALE-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.66,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1FAB49109C4ED79497190ABE6E3D0CA2" originalValue="AME–PLE">AME-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.66.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="09A5882E482D5F3DA17D23C893C80014" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Maxilla: length to width: 1.70. Cuspules: 100-200 spread over ventral inner heel. Labium: 2.00 long, 2.71 wide, with 88 cuspules spaced by one diameter on anterior third.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA2FD553733C29850B1B3774673B5F9A" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chelicera: basal segment with 10 teeth. Sternum: 8.69 long, 7.79 wide.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="11172EA12E3877F274337AAF7D32EBCA" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Legs: Formula: IV=I II III. Length leg IV to leg I: 1.10. Clavate trichobothria: 2/3 distal on tarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="683827DDA55AC1B5ED46B642249B3D67" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Scopulae: Tarsi I and IV fully scopulate. IV lacking sparse setae. Metatarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A9F07719BFD440774B67927E6679DF91" originalValue="I–II">I-II</normalizedToken>
|
||
fully scopulate, III on distal 2/3; IV on distal 1/3. III divided by a bald area, IV divided by a row of setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="73F2F2D16A216EEF8167208BF275E855" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Type II urticating setae: 0.54-0.66 long, 0.014-0.018 wide (measured MZUSP 125A).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="86AD20942464FF67FB9EEAC0D5EF0F43" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Spermathecae (Fig. 106): two completely separated, not-twisted very long spermathecae, with walls lacking projections or lobes and accentuated outwards curvature medially. Midwidth expanded, about 1.5 times its basal and apical portion widths and weakly-sclerotized area shorter than half the length of well-sclerotized area.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2FD3644E80D277646245EA45CED5EF8A" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Color pattern: dorsal abdomen with long brown guard-setae grouped on lateral and dorsal anterior areas, and dark short body setae.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="371553BC9E27BAD0DC5FC63AC9C55440" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph id="B7161879CE0A7560C14EEA4A75F02579" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DB7A0A6A199CD6A0326D3D669B4573C0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
We found two different morphotypes. Morphotype 1 is found near Rio
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5828567901B6F402462EBFFFD19B2985" originalValue="Juruá">Jurua</normalizedToken>
|
||
, state of Amazonas and Acre, Brazil, and in some areas of Peru (Fig. 127). Females have discrete grizzled setae in palp and legs, whitish leg rings and carapace, legs and palps with short body setae with golden and pink sheen, and abdomen with long light brown guard-setae homogeneously distributed over dark brown body short setae (Fig. 124). Males examined are not in good conditions but they do not seem to have white tipped setae on dorsal abdomen. Despite having yellowish leg rings, a female from Iquitos, Peru (Fig. 122) is considered as morphotype 1 since it has discrete grizzled guard-setae and short body setae with intense golden sheen on legs and carapace. Morphotype 2 is the most common morphotype found in the material examined and it was formerly known as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="843FFB0C3B83A9217E5D41E392A09F3D" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia urticans" order="Araneae" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urticans">Avicularia urticans</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both sexes have very grizzled setae on palps and legs, and carapace, legs and palps with dark short body setae with intense purple sheen, and yellowish leg rings (Figs 119-121). Females have dorsal abdomen with long reddish brown guard-setae grouped on lateral and dorsal anterior areas, and dark short body setae (Fig. 120). Males have white tipped setae homogenously distributed on dorsal abdomen (Fig. 121). They can be found mostly in Ecuador and Peru, but a specimen with the same characteristic pattern was found in Breves, state of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B28BDFDD8905C989FC5363760E5FF3A6" originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Brazil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="2734FE73B9FF4A22B870B79573B11C70" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<paragraph id="67A1EA6FB6CE974E77A2034951AD3012" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Figures 123-126.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0A734B295EBD55E90AD1AE1657EB256" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia juruensis" order="Araneae" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juruensis">Avicularia juruensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4A6D9F04E003835F535B5207E8126047" originalValue="Mello-Leitão">Mello-Leitao</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1923, retreat, habitus and behavior. 123 morphotype 2, retreat 124 morphotype 1, female from Cruzeiro do Sul, state of Acre, Brazil, habitus 125 female swimming on Rio Momon, Peru 126 female swimming on Rio
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A41499D19D7A75A3880EACE74E43771E" originalValue="Marañon">Maranon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Peru. Photos: 123, 125-126 R. C. West; 124 S. Albuquerque.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E0A920727C7846FA949CC1928D99C96A" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="B8FCDB3B5F0B0E73E5DF24E867FD5DBF" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="07EF3A3F8356AC17C64D7C961C1071AD" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
For many years the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AC05BAA916AE595B9D0E87926A9DE211" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia juruensis" order="Araneae" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juruensis">Avicularia juruensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been applied to specimens that have vivid yellow leg rings and grizzled setae on legs and palps, that are commonly found in the states of Mato Grosso and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A7B9306CDBB3148892D2445BDE8FDDF0" originalValue="Rondônia">Rondonia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Brazil. They have spermathecae with midwidth not expanded, developed prominence on palpal bulb and leg IV longer than leg I. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798BCBC84204DA610C5C79D86707B693" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia juruenesis" order="Araneae" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juruenesis">Avicularia juruenesis</taxonomicName>
|
||
syntypes have whitish leg rings and lack setae with conspicuous whitish apex on legs, spermathecae with midwidth expanded, palpal bulb with well-developed prominence, and leg IV as long as leg I. The characters found in these specimens formerly known as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F22CDD8FB363D5968D3701EFDF31BE7" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia juruensis" order="Araneae" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juruensis">Avicularia juruensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
match, in fact, with those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E94043DAF6985A3AC890FE16C8376215" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia rufa" order="Araneae" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">Avicularia rufa</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, we conclude the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B207B3696E512F546D838B6317DC03AA" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia juruensis" order="Araneae" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juruensis">Avicularia juruensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is being mistakenly applied to specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6B034BA9A973608F4497FD580506BF24" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia rufa" order="Araneae" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">Avicularia rufa</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DC91846BFEFF6F283AFA9D7C0F32756C" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<paragraph id="7493F36B7C57A1E37F1423AF09B86983" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Figure 127. Map showing records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52C04C6E25ADA3D37CEB3D88D73F0156" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia juruensis" order="Araneae" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juruensis">Avicularia juruensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="27D8055FBE1D656CAD8BEA6079285909" originalValue="Mello-Leitão">Mello-Leitao</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1923 morphotypes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="32170D15487A9964E2BE6B234507AF0C" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="color pattern ontogeny">
|
||
<paragraph id="48C33F177227EE39EE802BCBABC4B3E7" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Color pattern ontogeny.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D437F5AC96634ABFB28A970CFFAB5ABB" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Brownish juveniles lacking metallic sheen, black tarsi contrasting with other lighter articles and abdomen dorsum reddish, with dorsal central longitudinal black stripe disconnected from transversal black stripes (Fig. 117). When mature, both males and females lose this pattern.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="32D53CF5289A129AC21CFAB1D9555970" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="ABB6E4616AD81CCDF8F22B4886E51E4A" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2B5EC8AF3AED796447713E7C1EDF790A" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Brazil (states of Amazonas, Acre and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0A3FB588866FA6D3B9532DC009E58FF8" originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
|
||
), Colombia, Ecuador and Peru (Fig. 76).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CDAFF6E4BD1D3A4130A0D6DB1CF207B0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph id="0E1FA91D4D525015F2E221F811CA97E0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B73A5E405FD1CC779476E9F52EEEEDEC" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Silken retreats of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA5E8D9F3A701A1D4CB65B6DB794A284" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia juruensis" order="Araneae" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juruensis">Avicularia juruensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar to other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="324E5D2061697B9813B7078252AD2D0B" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia" order="Araneae" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Avicularia</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (Fig. 123). An adult female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80DF321EF5501877DB2F370D7A433D1D" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia juruensis" order="Araneae" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juruensis">Avicularia juruensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
was reported feeding on a greater sac-winged bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0929222DE1C86A4CE182456D1B82221F" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Saccopteryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saccopteryx bilineata" order="Chiroptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilineata">Saccopteryx bilineata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Temminck, 1838)) on the side of a palm tree near Rio Yarapa, Peru (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="32A8807B9C4454F33EF6EEB0968E519B" author="Nyffeler, M" journalOrPublisher="PLoS ONE" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" title="Bat predation by spiders" url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058120" volume="8" year="2013">
|
||
Nyffeler and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4709525DEE4381666BA86B1E76DCD41C" originalValue="Knörnschild">Knoernschild</normalizedToken>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Another interesting behavior was the ability to swim through large rivers such as
|
||
<normalizedToken id="66F1B8D1A9E3DDBE8D37F55E0799881B" originalValue="Marañon">Maranon</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Momon rivers in Peru (Figs 125-126) (R. C. West, pers. comm.), which can explain why rivers do not seem to act as natural barriers to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73BCDE54238726FD63158CFA3D2E1517" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia" order="Araneae" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Avicularia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |