221 lines
32 KiB
XML
221 lines
32 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="5BD0BF7EF4317104DFBEDAF6F21A6176">Koinocystididae and Gnathorhynchidae (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela: Kalyptorhynchia) from the Galapagos, with the description of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="27EBCBCAB4108E2A9B5414CCFEFC1A5A">Reygel, Patrick C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8DAA546812BB6ED3FF9A7E2D32AF7A50">Willems, Wim R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="47ABFE9D1C4A7F6E9F4B5DCBDE6A2F09">Artois, Tom J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="FDD2A1AED7CF0545BCED3FD22D57C339">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BA15BC70E9825197339CEDE59E61DD5F">3096</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="C8C7333D7EB58796BC46F6CB77EE4281" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.200746</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F24C880C1F459D2E6093A43EFD07FE27" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6189695" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119422653" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6189695" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F24C880C1F459D2E6093A43EFD07FE27" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24C880C1F459D2E6093A43EFD07FE27" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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<subSubSection id="32FF6A911F459D2C6093A43EFD6AFA0E" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7A5A391A1F459D2C6093A43EFCCDFAFF" blockId="1.[151,785,1298,1357]" box="[151,785,1298,1324]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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<heading id="21128E761F459D2C6093A43EFCCDFAFF" bold="true" box="[151,785,1298,1324]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="BDE542991F459D2C6093A43EFCCDFAFF" ID-CoL="4MR2L" authority="Ax & Armonies, 1987" authorityName="Ax & Armonies" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,785,1298,1324]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Gnathorhynchidae" genus="Prognathorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="eurytuba">
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<emphasis id="4891E5081F459D2C6093A43EFCCDFAFF" bold="true" box="[151,785,1298,1324]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="4891E5081F459D2C6093A43EFE20FAFF" bold="true" box="[151,508,1298,1324]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Prognathorhynchus eurytuba</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="1E7444EB1F459D2C6200A43EFCCDFAFF" author="Ax" box="[516,785,1298,1324]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" refString="Ax, P. & Armonies, W. (1987) Amphiatlantic identities in the composition of the boreal brackish water community of Plathelminthes. A comparison between the Canadian and European Atlantic coast. Microfauna Marina, 3, 7 - 80." type="journal article" year="1987">Ax & Armonies, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7A5A391A1F459D2C6093A419FF37FA9E" blockId="1.[151,785,1298,1357]" box="[151,235,1333,1357]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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(
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<figureCitation id="E2DE259F1F459D2C609BA419FF3CFA9E" box="[159,224,1333,1357]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1757,1780]" captionTargetBox="[256,1360,773,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[187,1400,732,1774]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Prognathorhynchus eurytuba Ax & Armonies, 1987 A, general organisation. B, stylet. C, proboscis hooks (A − C from a live specimen). D, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the left hand side." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200747/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7A5A391A1F459D2C6093A451FC0EFA46" blockId="1.[151,1437,1404,2012]" box="[151,978,1404,1429]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="4891E5081F459D2C6093A451FEF3FA46" bold="true" box="[151,303,1404,1429]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">New locality.</emphasis>
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Santa Cruz Island, Bahia Academy, stations
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<date id="0E5B1FDA1F459D2C632CA451FC8FFA46" box="[808,851,1405,1429]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">IX5</date>
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e and
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<date id="0E5B1FDA1F459D2C6392A451FC1FFA46" box="[918,963,1405,1429]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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IX
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<specimenCount id="6CE3F2931F459D2C63B2A451FC1FFA46" box="[950,963,1405,1429]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="generic">5</specimenCount>
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</date>
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f.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7A5A391A1F459D2C60C1A48DFD6AFA0E" blockId="1.[151,1437,1404,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="4891E5081F459D2C60C1A48DFE66FA6A" bold="true" box="[197,442,1440,1465]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Known distribution.</emphasis>
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North West Atlantic: several localities in New Brunswick,
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<collectingCountry id="02F2798A1F459D2C6460A48DFB64FA6A" box="[1124,1208,1441,1465]" name="Canada" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Canada</collectingCountry>
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and in South Carolina,
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<collectingCountry id="02F2798A1F459D2C60CBA4E9FEDBFA0E" box="[207,263,1477,1501]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">USA</collectingCountry>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation id="1E7444EB1F459D2C6146A4E9FDE4FA0E" author="Ax" box="[322,568,1477,1501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" refString="Ax, P. & Armonies, W. (1987) Amphiatlantic identities in the composition of the boreal brackish water community of Plathelminthes. A comparison between the Canadian and European Atlantic coast. Microfauna Marina, 3, 7 - 80." type="journal article" year="1987">Ax & Armonies 1987</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="1E7444EB1F459D2C6240A4E9FD75FA0E" author="Ax" box="[580,681,1477,1501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" refString="Ax, P. (1997) Two Prognathorhynchus species (Kalyptorhynchia, Plathelminthes) from the North Inlet Salt marsh of Hobcaw Barony, South Carolina, USA. Microfauna Marin a, 11, 317 - 320." type="journal article" year="1997">Ax 1997</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="32FF6A911F459D2C60C1A4C4FAF2F9D2" box="[197,1326,1512,1537]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="7A5A391A1F459D2C60C1A4C4FAF2F9D2" blockId="1.[151,1437,1404,2012]" box="[197,1326,1512,1537]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="4891E5081F459D2C60C1A4C4FEE8F9D2" bold="true" box="[197,308,1512,1537]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Material.</emphasis>
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Four individuals studied alive, five sagittally-sectioned specimens (
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<collectionCode id="1CF4A1DF1F459D2C6429A4C5FB5EF9D2" box="[1069,1154,1513,1537]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dcif-mx0c" name="Zoologisches Museum der Universitat Gottingen" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">ZMUG</collectionCode>
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23317-23321).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="32FF6A911F459D2E60C1A721FD07FE27" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="7A5A391A1F459D2C60C1A721FBBFF92E" blockId="1.[151,1437,1404,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="4891E5081F459D2C60C1A721FEE5F9F6" bold="true" box="[197,313,1549,1573]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The Galapagos specimens can easily be identified as
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<emphasis id="4891E5081F459D2C639DA722FBC9F9F6" box="[921,1045,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">P. e u r y t u b a</emphasis>
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, based on the overall organisation of the body, the morphology of the proboscis hooks and that of the stylet. As the original description by
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<bibRefCitation id="1E7444EB1F459D2C654CA71DFE84F9BE" author="Ax" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" refString="Ax, P. & Armonies, W. (1987) Amphiatlantic identities in the composition of the boreal brackish water community of Plathelminthes. A comparison between the Canadian and European Atlantic coast. Microfauna Marina, 3, 7 - 80." type="journal article" year="1987">Ax and Armonies (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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and a later account by
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<bibRefCitation id="1E7444EB1F459D2C6265A779FD0AF9BE" author="Ax" box="[609,726,1621,1645]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" refString="Ax, P. (1997) Two Prognathorhynchus species (Kalyptorhynchia, Plathelminthes) from the North Inlet Salt marsh of Hobcaw Barony, South Carolina, USA. Microfauna Marin a, 11, 317 - 320." type="journal article" year="1997">Ax (1997)</bibRefCitation>
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were based only on observations on live animals, very little is known of the detailed morphology, and a reconstruction of the genital system is lacking. The new material from the Galapagos allows a detailed and more complete description, although certain features are still hard to discern, especially concerning details of the female system, which appears to be difficult to study in members of the taxon
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<taxonomicName id="BDE542991F459D2C6558A7EEFE3BF92E" authority="Meixner, 1929" authorityName="Meixner" authorityYear="1929" class="Rhabditophora" family="Gnathorhynchidae" genus="Prognathorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4891E5081F459D2C6558A7EEFEE1F92E" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Prognathorhynchus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="1E7444EB1F459D2C6140A7C9FE3BF92E" author="Meixner" box="[324,487,1765,1789]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" refString="Meixner, J. (1929) Morphologisch-okologische Studien an neuen Turbellarien aus dem Meeressande der Kieler Bucht. Zeitschrift fur Morphologie und Okologie der Tiere, 14, 765 - 791." type="journal article" year="1929">Meixner, 1929</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation id="1E7444EB1F459D2C6226A7C9FD66F92E" author="Karling" box="[546,698,1765,1789]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" refString="Karling, T. G. (1947) Studien uber Kalyptorhynchien (Turbellaria) 1. Die Familien Placorhynchidae und Gnathorhynchidae. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 50, 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1947">Karling 1947</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="1E7444EB1F459D2C62C1A7CAFC8FF92E" author="Brunet" box="[709,851,1765,1789]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" refString="Brunet, M. (1973) Turbellaries Calyptorhynques de la region marseillaise. Les familles des Placorhynchidae et Gnathorhynchidae. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 98, 121 - 135." type="journal article" year="1973">Brunet 1973</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="1E7444EB1F459D2C635BA7C9FB8BF92E" author="Ax" box="[863,1111,1765,1789]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" refString="Ax, P. & Armonies, W. (1987) Amphiatlantic identities in the composition of the boreal brackish water community of Plathelminthes. A comparison between the Canadian and European Atlantic coast. Microfauna Marina, 3, 7 - 80." type="journal article" year="1987">Ax & Armonies 1987</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7A5A391A1F459D2C60C1A625FAF6F80F" blockId="1.[151,1437,1404,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">
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Live animals about 0.7−0.8 mm long. The cellular epidermis (± 5 µm thick) is ciliated over the entire body (cilia ± 5 µm long). A few sensory bristles (± 20 µm long) are present around the proboscis opening. The proboscis hooks (
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<figureCitation id="E2DE259F1F459D2C60ECA67DFEFAF8BA" box="[232,294,1873,1897]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1757,1780]" captionTargetBox="[256,1360,773,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[187,1400,732,1774]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Prognathorhynchus eurytuba Ax & Armonies, 1987 A, general organisation. B, stylet. C, proboscis hooks (A − C from a live specimen). D, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the left hand side." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200747/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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C) are as described by
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<bibRefCitation id="1E7444EB1F459D2C6223A67DFC9DF8BA" author="Ax" box="[551,833,1873,1897]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" refString="Ax, P. & Armonies, W. (1987) Amphiatlantic identities in the composition of the boreal brackish water community of Plathelminthes. A comparison between the Canadian and European Atlantic coast. Microfauna Marina, 3, 7 - 80." type="journal article" year="1987">Ax and Armonies (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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, only slightly larger. The diameter of the basal plate is ± 25 µm (
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<bibRefCitation id="1E7444EB1F459D2C6102A659FD8BF85E" author="Ax" box="[262,599,1909,1933]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" refString="Ax, P. & Armonies, W. (1987) Amphiatlantic identities in the composition of the boreal brackish water community of Plathelminthes. A comparison between the Canadian and European Atlantic coast. Microfauna Marina, 3, 7 - 80." type="journal article" year="1987">Ax & Armonies 1987: 17 µm</bibRefCitation>
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). The stylet’s (
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<figureCitation id="E2DE259F1F459D2C62F8A659FCE0F85E" box="[764,828,1909,1933]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1757,1780]" captionTargetBox="[256,1360,773,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[187,1400,732,1774]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Prognathorhynchus eurytuba Ax & Armonies, 1987 A, general organisation. B, stylet. C, proboscis hooks (A − C from a live specimen). D, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the left hand side." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200747/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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B) shape is as illustrated by
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<bibRefCitation id="1E7444EB1F459D2C6478A659FA44F85E" author="Ax" box="[1148,1432,1909,1933]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" refString="Ax, P. & Armonies, W. (1987) Amphiatlantic identities in the composition of the boreal brackish water community of Plathelminthes. A comparison between the Canadian and European Atlantic coast. Microfauna Marina, 3, 7 - 80." type="journal article" year="1987">Ax and Armonies (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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. The stylet length in the Galapagos specimens varies from 42−48 µm (
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<emphasis id="4891E5081F459D2C63B9A6B3FC17F869" box="[957,971,1951,1978]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="28">x</emphasis>
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= 45 µm; n = 3), which is longer than in the Canadian (
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<bibRefCitation id="1E7444EB1F459D2C613CA6E8FD5BF80F" author="Ax" box="[312,647,1988,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" refString="Ax, P. & Armonies, W. (1987) Amphiatlantic identities in the composition of the boreal brackish water community of Plathelminthes. A comparison between the Canadian and European Atlantic coast. Microfauna Marina, 3, 7 - 80." type="journal article" year="1987">Ax & Armonies 1987: 32 µm</bibRefCitation>
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) and the specimens from South Carolina (
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<bibRefCitation id="1E7444EB1F459D2C645BA6E8FAC1F80F" author="Ax" box="[1119,1309,1988,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" refString="Ax, P. (1997) Two Prognathorhynchus species (Kalyptorhynchia, Plathelminthes) from the North Inlet Salt marsh of Hobcaw Barony, South Carolina, USA. Microfauna Marin a, 11, 317 - 320." type="journal article" year="1997">Ax 1997: 35 µm</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7A5A391A1F469D2F60C1A1BBFAFAFD3C" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,751]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
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The common genital pore (
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<figureCitation id="E2DE259F1F469D2F61FDA1BBFDE6FF7C" box="[505,570,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1757,1780]" captionTargetBox="[256,1360,773,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[187,1400,732,1774]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Prognathorhynchus eurytuba Ax & Armonies, 1987 A, general organisation. B, stylet. C, proboscis hooks (A − C from a live specimen). D, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the left hand side." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200747/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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A, D: gp) is situated ventrally, very close to the caudal end and opens into a tubiform common genital atrium, which is lined with a low, anucleated epithelium and is surrounded by a longitudinal muscle layer. Basophilic caudal glands are situated on both sides of the genital atrium. The genital atrium receives the male system from the dorsal side, and both the female system and the uterus from the rostral side. The elongated seminal vesicle is surrounded by strong longitudinal muscles with an oblique orientation in the proximal part. Sperm is discharged through the funnel-shaped opening of the stylet (see also
|
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<bibRefCitation id="1E7444EB1F469D2F644EA060FA9DFEB7" author="Ax" box="[1098,1345,332,356]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" refString="Ax, P. & Armonies, W. (1987) Amphiatlantic identities in the composition of the boreal brackish water community of Plathelminthes. A comparison between the Canadian and European Atlantic coast. Microfauna Marina, 3, 7 - 80." type="journal article" year="1987">Ax & Armonies 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1E7444EB1F469D2F657DA060FF0EFE54" author="Ax" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" refString="Ax, P. (1997) Two Prognathorhynchus species (Kalyptorhynchia, Plathelminthes) from the North Inlet Salt marsh of Hobcaw Barony, South Carolina, USA. Microfauna Marin a, 11, 317 - 320." type="journal article" year="1997">Ax 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), whereas the globular prostate vesicle, which contains a coarse-grained basophilic secretion and which is surrounded by circular muscles, discharges through the second, smaller opening of the stylet. The stylet lies in the oviform male atrium, which is surrounded by longitudinal muscles and lined with a very low, anucleated epithelium. From the single ovary, the female duct, which is lined with a very low, anucleated epithelium and only distally surrounded by longitudinal muscles, runs ventro-caudally towards the common genital atrium. A very large and vaguely defined bursa contains numerous large nuclei and sperm in different stages of degeneration as well as live sperm, organized in separate compartments. From one of these compartments a curved spermatic duct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E2DE259F1F469D2F656AA36BFF7EFD57" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1757,1780]" captionTargetBox="[256,1360,773,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[187,1400,732,1774]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Prognathorhynchus eurytuba Ax & Armonies, 1987 A, general organisation. B, stylet. C, proboscis hooks (A − C from a live specimen). D, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the left hand side." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200747/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D: ds), surrounded by longitudinal muscles, runs towards the ovary, although the connection proper is hard to discern. A vaginal pore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E2DE259F1F469D2F618FA3A3FE16FD74" box="[395,458,655,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1757,1780]" captionTargetBox="[256,1360,773,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[187,1400,732,1774]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Prognathorhynchus eurytuba Ax & Armonies, 1987 A, general organisation. B, stylet. C, proboscis hooks (A − C from a live specimen). D, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the left hand side." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200747/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, D: vp), situated rostrally from the common genital pore, is clearly visible on all sectioned animals, but could only be observed in one out of four live specimens. It is surrounded by a strong sphincter and continues into a vaginal duct, which is surrounded by circular muscles and which leads to the bursa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="2E9A69921F469D2F6093A7F1FC34F8C1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200747/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" targetBox="[256,1360,773,1731]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="7A5A391A1F469D2F6093A7F1FC34F8C1" blockId="2.[151,1436,1757,1810]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="4891E5081F469D2F6093A7F1FEC8F920" bold="true" box="[151,276,1757,1780]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDE542991F469D2F611FA7F2FCEDF920" authority="Ax & Armonies, 1987" authorityName="Ax & Armonies" authorityYear="1987" box="[283,817,1757,1780]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Gnathorhynchidae" genus="Prognathorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="eurytuba">
|
||
<emphasis id="4891E5081F469D2F611FA7F2FD98F927" box="[283,580,1758,1780]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Prognathorhynchus eurytuba</emphasis>
|
||
Ax & Armonies, 1987
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
A, general organisation. B, stylet. C, proboscis hooks (A −C from a live specimen). D, reconstruction of the atrial organs from the left hand side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7A5A391A1F469D2E60C1A616FDB8FEEC" blockId="2.[151,1436,1849,2018]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,500]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
|
||
In the diagnosis for the taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDE542991F469D2F6214A615FD03F882" box="[528,735,1849,1873]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Gnathorhynchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Gnathorhynchidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1E7444EB1F469D2F6303A615FC6CF882" author="Karling" box="[775,944,1849,1873]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" refString="Karling, T. G. (1947) Studien uber Kalyptorhynchien (Turbellaria) 1. Die Familien Placorhynchidae und Gnathorhynchidae. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 50, 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1947">Karling (1947)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the presence of only a single genital pore is mentioned. Also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1E7444EB1F469D2F6153A672FDADF8A5" author="Ax" box="[343,625,1886,1910]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" refString="Ax, P. & Armonies, W. (1987) Amphiatlantic identities in the composition of the boreal brackish water community of Plathelminthes. A comparison between the Canadian and European Atlantic coast. Microfauna Marina, 3, 7 - 80." type="journal article" year="1987">Ax and Armonies (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1E7444EB1F469D2F62ACA672FCC0F8A5" author="Ax" box="[680,796,1886,1910]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" refString="Ax, P. (1997) Two Prognathorhynchus species (Kalyptorhynchia, Plathelminthes) from the North Inlet Salt marsh of Hobcaw Barony, South Carolina, USA. Microfauna Marin a, 11, 317 - 320." type="journal article" year="1997">Ax (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
do not mention a vaginal pore for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDE542991F469D2F64A6A673FAFEF8A5" box="[1186,1314,1886,1910]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Gnathorhynchidae" genus="Prognathorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="eurytuba">
|
||
<emphasis id="4891E5081F469D2F64A6A673FAFEF8A5" box="[1186,1314,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">P. eurytuba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, a second opening of the genital system (i.e. a vaginal pore as in
|
||
<emphasis id="4891E5081F469D2F6368A6AFFC3BF849" box="[876,999,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">P. e u r y t u b a</emphasis>
|
||
) is also observed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1E7444EB1F469D2F64D8A6ADFA40F84A" author="Hochberg" box="[1244,1436,1921,1945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" refString="Hochberg, R. (2004) Reproductive anatomy of Prognathorhynchus busheki Ax (Platyhelminthes, Kalyptorhynchia) revealed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Meiofauna Marina, 13, 29 - 36." type="journal article" year="2004">Hochberg (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDE542991F469D2F60B1A68BFE41F86D" authority="Ax, 1997" authorityName="Ax" authorityYear="1997" box="[181,413,1958,1982]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Gnathorhynchidae" genus="Prognathorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="busheki">
|
||
<emphasis id="4891E5081F469D2F60B1A68BFEF4F86D" box="[181,296,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">P. busheki</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1E7444EB1F469D2F6134A68AFE41F86D" author="Ax" box="[304,413,1958,1982]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" refString="Ax, P. (1997) Two Prognathorhynchus species (Kalyptorhynchia, Plathelminthes) from the North Inlet Salt marsh of Hobcaw Barony, South Carolina, USA. Microfauna Marin a, 11, 317 - 320." type="journal article" year="1997">Ax, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Apart from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDE542991F469D2F6413A68BFB56F86D" box="[1047,1162,1958,1982]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Gnathorhynchidae" genus="Prognathorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="busheki">
|
||
<emphasis id="4891E5081F469D2F6413A68BFB56F86D" box="[1047,1162,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">P. busheki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="4891E5081F469D2F64C7A68BFAE3F86D" box="[1219,1343,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">P. e u r y t u b a</emphasis>
|
||
at least two other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDE542991F469D2F617BA6E6FD80F831" box="[383,604,1994,2018]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Gnathorhynchidae" genus="Prognathorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4891E5081F469D2F617BA6E6FD80F831" box="[383,604,1994,2018]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Prognathorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a female bursa functioning as a seminal receptacle:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDE542991F469D2E64E0A6E7FF22FF7C" authority="Brunet, 1973" authorityName="Brunet" authorityYear="1973" class="Rhabditophora" family="Gnathorhynchidae" genus="Prognathorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="30" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="parvulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4891E5081F469D2F64E0A6E7FABDF831" box="[1252,1377,1994,2018]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">P. parvulus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1E7444EB1F469D2E656DA6E7FF22FF7C" author="Brunet" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" refString="Brunet, M. (1973) Turbellaries Calyptorhynques de la region marseillaise. Les familles des Placorhynchidae et Gnathorhynchidae. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 98, 121 - 135." type="journal article" year="1973">Brunet, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDE542991F479D2E6130A1B5FD28FF7C" authority="Ax & Armonies, 1990" authorityName="Ax & Armonies" authorityYear="1990" box="[308,756,151,176]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Gnathorhynchidae" genus="Prognathorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dividibulbosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4891E5081F479D2E6130A1B5FE2DFF63" box="[308,497,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">P. dividibulbosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1E7444EB1F479D2E61FCA1B4FD28FF7C" author="Ax" box="[504,756,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" refString="Ax, P. & Armonies, W. (1990) Brackish water plathelminthes from Alaska as evidence for the existence of a boreal brackish water community with circumpolar distribution. Microfauna Marina, 6, 7 - 109." type="journal article" year="1990">Ax & Armonies, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As the vaginal pore is often very difficult to see in live specimens, and many of the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDE542991F479D2E6213A190FD28FF07" box="[535,756,188,212]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Gnathorhynchidae" genus="Prognathorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4891E5081F479D2E6213A190FD28FF07" box="[535,756,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Prognathorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were described without sectioned material, it is possible that a vaginal pore is present in more (even all?) species of this taxon, especially in those in which the presence of a female bursa has been recorded. It is, therefore, apparent that the taxa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDE542991F479D2E63B3A028FB48FECF" box="[951,1172,260,284]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Gnathorhynchidae" genus="Prognathorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4891E5081F479D2E63B3A028FB48FECF" box="[951,1172,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Prognathorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDE542991F479D2E64C9A028FA40FECF" box="[1229,1436,260,284]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Gnathorhynchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Gnathorhynchidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are highly in need of taxonomic revision.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7A5A391A1F479D2E60C1A061FD07FE27" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,500]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
|
||
It should be checked on animals from the Atlantic populations of
|
||
<emphasis id="4891E5081F479D2E63A7A061FBC1FEB7" box="[931,1053,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">P. e u r y t u b a</emphasis>
|
||
whether they indeed are identical in all details to the population from Galapagos, and hence indeed belong to the same species. The disparate distribution, indeed, could indicate a geographical isolation of both populations. At the moment, however, we cannot but consider the Galapagos population as belonging to the same species, as at this moment no fixed morphological differences between the two populations can be found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |