186 lines
20 KiB
XML
186 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="2CF8311A634D7C06C210504F90FB6DF3" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="298cd48c-32f1-4b7f-971e-d5334d6b29b9" ModsDocID="z01247p013" checkinTime="1247151424768" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Jørgen G. Nielsen, Peter Rask Møller & Michel Segonzac" docDate="2006" docId="C3B306BC46ED4EA54B51E97CCC2E2ED8" docLanguage="en" docName="2006_Nielsen_Moeller_Segonzac_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1247" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EC6BA243-BB2B-4560-BA34-84C8538CE694" docTitle="Ventichthys biospeedoi Nielsen, Møller & Segonzac, 2006, new species" docType="treatment" docUuid="59150A49-A454-4D14-ABE6-96DECE8BED93" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="DD17E3D659950482A1A061E8080606A3" masterDocTitle="Ventichthys biospeedoi n. gen. et sp. (Teleostei, Ophidiidae) from a hydrothermal vent in the South East Pacific." masterLastPageNumber="24" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1701314410720" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="46C66C9F53DBC6051CDF69B4B8123FD9">Ventichthys biospeedoi n. gen. et sp. (Teleostei, Ophidiidae) from a hydrothermal vent in the South East Pacific.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BB0CAD8E9E8BF137E3CDA85DD993941F">Jørgen G. Nielsen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="863B2D37286533C41C139B235A35CD70">Peter Rask Møller</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="6DED5CAEC22C0B3FA2B1BCC1C31896FD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C883992D22BEF695817F7D861905A8D8">Michel Segonzac</mods:namePart>
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<mods:part id="0D83942AA2C64AA95127FFEF25B7A945">
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<mods:date id="B32A4A26489EE66BB0B8F7FF352F9155">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="63FDBD5BDC26F9451DFEE8F4F3CAFAA0" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D5FE8DFF2061837525E280D38C7752D3">1247</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="E8BAC7F9FAEA8488A86EAA1781797C13">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="C3B306BC46ED4EA54B51E97CCC2E2ED8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6255290" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100121730" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6255290" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:59150A49-A454-4D14-ABE6-96DECE8BED93" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C3B306BC46ED4EA54B51E97CCC2E2ED8" lastPageNumber="23" pageNumber="16">
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<subSubSection id="B253536308004FAFACB45ACE6A61926A" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="290EA435BBBB9655864485082F8354C2" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="2212D7FBB87CC8FD4BFBA889AF1E243A" ID-CoL="7FLD9" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Ventichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biospeedoi">Ventichthys biospeedoi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="E44811AF9B07678E730C6A1E787CA058" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4F561E6523506DC4830D67E0A8BEE83B" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7428655922127DF30024F8B4622AD9EF" pageNumber="16">(Figs. 1-8)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A302331A302275247730076901C50397" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="580D70E62889899A35053A802C32878C" pageNumber="16">Ophidiidae: Geistdoerfer 1996, fig. 6.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AF6E19199E6654BD719ED9970AD07456" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="49E2F9D0C7916967F859217652225188" pageNumber="16">Materials</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CAD596A694FA5794963AF7C1EA73E286" pageNumber="16">
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<materialsCitation id="46C2F268B2D5D86F159759DC513C592D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923891468" country="South East Pacific">
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<typeStatus id="7E1CB415BCC94B0E45162E893B7413E6">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="0413A06E0D9B2FAA01DDE4463453BBF3" collectionName="France, Paris, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle">MNHN</collectionCode>
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2004-2037, 266 mm SL, male,
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<collectingCountry id="2A66379682CBE568FE0AB35B4CB7A0D2">South East Pacific</collectingCountry>
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Rise, hydrothermal vent site Oasis,
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<geoCoordinate id="C602F00D9DD6DDBD5A73B05088F66CDF" direction="south" orientation="latitude" value="-17.423">17°25.38’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="4C7BFD8AC72328AF550E7A1091D68AF0" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-113.204834">113°12.29’W</geoCoordinate>
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; BIOSPEEDO cruise, submersible Nautile, R/V Atalante, dive PL 1582, baited trap B2, depth 2586 m,
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<date id="7FA5CC9F5D4EBE0AA5FCF149DA716574" day="22" month="04" value="2004-04-22" year="2004">22 April 2004</date>
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, collected by Michel Segonzac.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="590E3A9BF1DE3E75D72B2F4C53C5602C" pageNumber="16">
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<materialsCitation id="785CEC1D71DACCA07C42D21A3BF3E811" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923891470" country="South East Pacific">
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<typeStatus id="215D5D46544298924B1A48FB4844ECCC">Paratype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="735783B24C7AB192D8ECDBEED4937DB3" collectionName="France, Paris, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle">MNHN</collectionCode>
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2004-2038, 282 mm SL, sex unknown, same data as for holotype.
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</materialsCitation>
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Prior to the taxonomic examination the paratype had been eviscerated so that only the kidneys remain.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CAC88B1562AE4DEEDB44CE1C1E01AA58" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="66682D147CC5D8704D1905FB0E6D3259" pageNumber="16">Diagnosis</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="60A04D7FEFDDD639C206D0C4CB639F44" pageNumber="16">See generic diagnosis.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="81291D971A4BFAFD0D876142274D6D27" type="description">
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<paragraph id="96F1949060FCBEEB508BD9BC63E9082A" pageNumber="16">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A4DC074EC439FC1BCDD3F92606C82489" pageNumber="16">The principal meristic and morphometric characters are shown in Table 3. Where there are differences between the holo- and the paratype those of the paratype are given in brackets.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EFFB67426A2B0162CC4EAFEE181D5477" pageNumber="16">Body short and compressed, snout blunt; small, oval, imbricate scales covering body, head and proximal part of dorsal, caudal, anal and pectoral fins; ca. 250 scales in a line from upper part of gill slit to base of caudal fin; dorsal fin origin above hind margin of pectoral fin, anal fin origin slightly behind midpoint of fish, pectoral fin short and rounded, and longest pelvic fin ray reaching one fourth the distance from its base to anal fin; length of head about twice in preanal length; horizontal diameter of eye 1.5 times in length of snout; anterior nostril placed midway between upper lip and posterior nostril, both nostrils with a low rim; upper jaw ending just behind eye, maxillaries partly sheathed posterodorsally; a strong opercular spine well hidden by skin; anterior gill arch (Fig. 2) with 5(3) knobs on upper branch, one long raker in the angle and lower branch with 10(9) long and 6 knobs; 65 gill filaments, longer than the long gill rakers; length of the 2 pseudobranchial filaments about half eye diameter.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="58533973182C3B831081CD77E4C21CEA" pageNumber="16">Dentition (Fig. 3). All teeth small and conical; premaxilla with 5 rows anteriorly at symphysis, merging into 3 rows posteriorad; vomer horseshoe-shaped, with 13(25) teeth in 2-3 rows; palatines with 6(5) rows of up to 15(19) teeth; dentary with 4 rows anteriorly at symphysis, merging into 2 rows posteriorad. One median basibranchial tooth patch with rather weak teeth.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A51C96A0D3CBD5CBB5EC372F9C920A42" lastPageNumber="17" pageNumber="16">
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Head pores (Fig. 4). Supraorbital pores 1 placed above opercular flap (often termed “first lateral line pore” - see
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<normalizedToken id="AD94C59324AAF30B71755A4F65F485D7" originalValue="Møller">Moller</normalizedToken>
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et al., 2004, p. 145); infraorbital pores 5(3 anterior and 2 posterior), the posterior one the largest; mandibular pores 5(2 anterior and 3 posterior), the second anterior pore from both sides with joint opening, the posterior pore large with low rim; preopercular pore 1.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8743408BB00C5FFE85D8C93EBFBB6D71" pageNumber="19">Lateral lines (Fig. 4). Four rows of small, tube-shaped, widely separated neuromasts. A short row in front of the dorsal fin with 12(10) neuromasts, a row below the entire dorsal fin with 45(44) neuromasts, a median row from the vertical through the anal fin origin to the origin of the caudal fin with 15(14) neuromasts, and a ventral row from the vertical through the anal fin origin to origin of the caudal fin with 15(12) neuromasts. The small neuromasts are very difficult to observe having a colour similar to the body.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="22D336D32734E009F31C35964A3DAD9A" pageNumber="19">Sagittal otolith (Fig. 5). Sagitta oval and thick, 1.5 times as long as high and 3 times as long as thick. The large sulcus is undivided and much wider anteriorly than posteriorly. The dorsal rim is flat with a pronounced postdorsal angle.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0061DB78C1817567AA0A37CD50B75FDC" pageNumber="20">Axial skeleton (Fig. 6). Tips of neural and haemal spines pointed; first neural spine half the length of second spine; vertebrae 4-9 with somewhat depressed neural spines; bases of vertebrae 5-12 enlarged; parapophyses on posterior 9 precaudal vertebrae; pleural ribs on vertebrae 3-17(3-16); epipleural ribs on vertebrae 5 through 16 (4 through 15).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E45A122ABB5345B4CCA79585ABF12DDF" pageNumber="20">Internal organs. The 15 mm long and 5 mm broad testes are joined in a spindle-like shape similar to the ovaries in many other ophidiiform species. Histological sections showed, however, typical unripe testicular tissue. The kidneys are unusual by being located posterior to the thick-skinned swimbladder and by forming a large, compact, darkblue body posterior-most in the abdominal cavity (Fig. 7); histological sections of the “body” from the paratype proved to be kidney tissue. The large stomach almost reaches the anal opening and the short intestine forms four coils. One thick pyloric coecum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B5D94B3592B1FBE044B5F77BD727FA6D" pageNumber="20">
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Coloration. After one year of preservation the specimens are light brown to whitish with bluish eyes. Photos of
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<taxonomicName id="EF859FABFAB1C8843936402350331156" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Ventichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biospeedoi">Ventichthys biospeedoi</taxonomicName>
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specimens taken in situ show a greyish coloration.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4BF97EA9BEA9619A2BF5F3DB9C015F41" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="96AD7CC40E24A29AC80F63CD883F7255" pageNumber="20">Biology</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CA631698EA91ADFCAA848C72835C44CF" lastPageNumber="21" pageNumber="20">
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The holotype, a male with spindle-formed, unripe testes, does not contain any identifiable stomach contents. The paratype was eviscerated only leaving the strangely formed kidneys which may be an adaptation to the special conditions near the vents. The capture of the two specimens in a baited trap indicates a necrophagous diet. Fig. 8A shows specimens grazing on the bottom. The poorly developed teeth and the presence of 10-11 long gill rakers on the anterior arch indicate that it preys upon rather small food-items. The thick skin could be an adaptation to endure the high temperatures in the hydrothermal vent area. The same condition is found in another vent-fish,
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<taxonomicName id="E61B777EAFC7B11BADCCD8B523BF1278" family="Bythitidae" genus="Thermichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hollisi">Thermichthys hollisi</taxonomicName>
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. The presence of a male without an intromittant organ shows that it is oviparous.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="21859562F03AAB83816A3ABF374BBA03" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="69FE32C21E05DA97968F4B64F41F6B47" pageNumber="21">Habitat</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="510A97CAB9AFAAA8AAB0613623A5A367" pageNumber="21">
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The vent site Oasis is composed of active black smokers covered with the tubeworm polychaete
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<taxonomicName id="D558139BFFB34E687934D03B60D9B7D5" class="Polychaeta" family="Alvinellidae" genus="Alvinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageNumber="21" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Alvinella</taxonomicName>
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spp., large patches of mussels, clams and stalked cirripeds. A milky fluid diffuses from crevices and collapsed lava lakes, with clouds of swimming amphipods. The two specimens here studied were collected next to such a hole (Jollivet et al., 2004, fig. 3), surrounded by the mytilid mussel
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<taxonomicName id="AF4996B24DCE5DC15D12C347C2DF713F" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Bathymodiolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="thermophilus">Bathymodiolus thermophilus Kenk & Wilson, 1985</taxonomicName>
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, the clam
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<taxonomicName id="09F5F775B9181D15EB835FF98CD07760" class="Bivalvia" family="Vesicomyidae" genus="Calyptogena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Venerida" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="magnifica">Calyptogena magnifica Boss & Turner, 1980</taxonomicName>
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, the stalked barnacle
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<taxonomicName id="D1BBB1E28DD34DDFD0B0265FBBDB8EB0" class="Maxillopoda" family="Eolepadidae" genus="Neolepas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zevinae">Neolepas cf. zevinae Newman, 1979</taxonomicName>
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, actinostolid sea-anemones (
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<taxonomicName id="01563362B20AA9B57763BD3A8C9AE8FA" class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Chondrophellia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Chondrophellia-like</taxonomicName>
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), the bythograeid crab
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<taxonomicName id="966C03C523ED68B644C29BE950B809DC" class="Malacostraca" family="Bythograeidae" genus="Bythograea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thermydron">Bythograea thermydron Williams, 1980</taxonomicName>
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, the galatheid crab
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<taxonomicName id="16AC5C5A0CF77451710842F72DD50023" class="Malacostraca" family="Munidopsidae" genus="Munidopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Munidopsis</taxonomicName>
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sp. and a recently described nematocarcinid shrimp,
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<taxonomicName id="CE6AFE3122D0277AC647F44E9EA9F50C" class="Malacostraca" family="Nematocarcinidae" genus="Nematocarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burukowskyi">Nematocarcinus burukowskyi Komai & Segonzac, 2005</taxonomicName>
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. Other fish occur in this environment such as the synaphobranchid
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<taxonomicName id="31C2587F4EFBBD42CE291C0DCF7A5270" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A8E625BE-93DC-45AB-A58C-DF809928FD29" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Ilyophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Ilyophis saldanhai Karmovskaya & Parin 1999:316" order="Anguilliformes" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saldanhai">Ilyophis saldanhai Karmovskaya & Parin, 1999</taxonomicName>
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, the bythitid
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<taxonomicName id="093B5025D644CEC637BADAFE2EC200CB" family="Bythitidae" genus="Thermichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hollisi">Thermichthys hollisi (Cohen et al., 1990)</taxonomicName>
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and an unidentified hagfish. Additional
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<taxonomicName id="52F3395D78F281997E3263BACB2E7E2D" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Ventichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biospeedoi">V. biospeedoi</taxonomicName>
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specimens were observed at other sites (see “Distribution”) visited during the BIOSPEEDO cruise, between 2585 and 2840 m (Jollivet et al., 2004), at places sometimes ten or more individuals swimming in the shimmering vent fluids with temperatures between 2 and 7°C (Fig. 8B).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="014CD48A44BD477919C31B6957CCCF0B" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="001D5F2D118A507DC372AF25EF9389FB" pageNumber="23">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="296609FAE1E9109994E98F08F1187F48" pageNumber="23">
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Known only from the
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<collectingCountry id="8223B6C496EF07B3735D3F4DA1794538">South East Pacific</collectingCountry>
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Rise, where it was caught on hydrothermal vent site Oasis (
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<geoCoordinate id="53D4CD21D78466455D91D39847D86D2C" direction="south" orientation="latitude" value="-17.423">17°25.38’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="42A0BCECC755301B60EEF26A02C4F2A7" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-113.204834">113°12.29’W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2586 m) and observed on three additional sites:
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<materialsCitation id="47F8D2DE6BBEBB28E8B9A80940ED16F3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923891469" country="South East Pacific">
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Yaquina (
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<geoCoordinate id="AF18A5EDC79EDA57191F56F30D1C1EA7" direction="south" orientation="latitude" value="-7.4166665">7º25’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="E6836851306E14B9092F222FE75BDE8A" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-107.8">107º48’W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2750 m)
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="15E3F767ABCF8700122480F3C1155AF5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923891471" country="South East Pacific">
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Hobbs (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2300E9540A755B00CE5E448C7F1E39B3" direction="south" orientation="latitude" value="-17.583334">17º35’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="36EF9174E1855E31F8F2298B4293AF65" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-113.25">113º15’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2595 m)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<materialsCitation id="14523485C34680359EE54D35F9AAD170" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923891472" country="South East Pacific">
|
||
Gromit (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CFC7E59C5844426753102038F95F7564" direction="south" orientation="latitude" value="-21.566668">21º34’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BB78C4DA39CD61685598AFA3A10906F3" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-114.3">114º18’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2840 m)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |