319 lines
34 KiB
XML
319 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.90.81095" ID-GBIF-Dataset="17f3d5ae-6dad-47ac-b4ea-2fd05fcfbfb2" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-90-23" ID-Pensoft-UUID="3DC37DEB2F815E458BCE0B7DB8077814" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6508928" ID-ZooBank="EA0491B03B624360B9F79A24E3693248" ModsDocID="1314-2607-90-23" checkinTime="1651307064127" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bordera, Santiago & Santos, Bernardo F." docDate="2022" docId="BA8B035519E55AA79ACCF8778F31DAAE" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 90: 23-57" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 90" docPubDate="2022-04-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.90.81095" docTitle="Piasites Seyrig 1952" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="3DC37DEB2F815E458BCE0B7DB8077814" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="3DC37DEB2F815E458BCE0B7DB8077814" masterDocTitle="A review of Piasites Seyrig (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae), with description of seven new species" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1678757756438" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A review of Piasites Seyrig (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae), with description of seven new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Bordera, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales, University of Alicante, E- 03690 Alicante, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.bordera@ua.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Santos, Bernardo F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institut de Systematique, Evolution, Biodiversite (ISYEB), Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, SU, EPHE, UA, 57 rue Cuvier CP 50, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-04-29</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>90</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>23</mods:start>
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<mods:end>57</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.90.81095</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.90.81095</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-90-23</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="194907326" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BA8B035519E55AA79ACCF8778F31DAAE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA8B035519E55AA79ACCF8778F31DAAE" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="63MCQ" ID-ENA="540347" LSID="BA8B0355-19E5-5AA7-9ACC-F8778F31DAAE" authority="Seyrig, 1952" authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Piasites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piasites" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Piasites Seyrig, 1952</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Propodeum of Piasites, dorsal view, females (I): A P. carinatus Seyrig B P. quasimodus sp. nov. (paratype) C P. politus sp. nov. (paratype) D P. perinetensis sp. nov. (holotype). Scale bars: 0.3 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.90.81095.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/677618" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Propodeum of Piasites, dorsal view, females (II): A P. nigricollis sp. nov. (holotype) B P. orbitalis sp. nov. (holotype) C P. lineatus sp. nov. (paratype) D P. seyrigi sp. nov. (paratype). Scale bars: 0.3 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.90.81095.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/677619" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">, 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Piasites carinatus Seyrig, female: A habitus, lateral view (holotype) B head, front view (holotype) C head and mesosoma, lateral view (holotype) D head and mesoscutum, dorsal view (holotype) E T 1 - 3, dorsal view (paratype) F front wing, areolet and vein 2 m-cu (paratype). Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (C); 0.3 mm (B, D-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.90.81095.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/677620" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">, 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Colour variation of P. carinatus: head, mesosoma and metasoma, lateral view, females. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.90.81095.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/677622" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">, 4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Piasites lineatus sp. nov., female: A habitus, lateral view (holotype) B head, front view (holotype) C head and mesosoma, lateral view (holotype) D head and mesoscutum, dorsal view (holotype) E metasoma, dorsal view, arrow shows yellow cream dorsal stripe on hind coxa (paratype) F front wing, areolet and vein 2 m-cu (paratype). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, E); 0.5 mm (C); 0.3 mm (B, D, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.90.81095.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/677623" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">, 5</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Piasites nigricollis sp. nov., female (holotype): A habitus, lateral view B head, front view C head and mesosoma, lateral view D head and mesoscutum, dorsal view E metasoma, dorsal view F front wing, areolet and vein 2 m-cu. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 0.5 mm (C, E); 0.3 mm (B, D, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.90.81095.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/677624" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">, 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Piasites orbitalis sp. nov., female: A habitus, lateral view (holotype) B head, front view (holotype) C head and mesoscutum, dorso-lateral view (holotype) D head and mesosoma, lateral view (holotype) E front wing, areolet and vein 2 m-cu (paratype). Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.3 mm (B, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.90.81095.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/677625" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">, 7</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Piasites perinetensis sp. nov., female (holotype): A habitus, lateral view B head, front view C head and mesoscutum, dorsal view D head and mesosoma, lateral view E front wing, areolet and vein 2 m-cu. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.3 mm (B); 0.2 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.90.81095.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/677626" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">, 8</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Piasites politus sp. nov., female: A habitus, lateral view (holotype) B head, mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal view (paratype) C head and mesosoma, lateral view (holotype) D head, front view (holotype) E front wing, areolet and vein 2 m-cu (paratype). Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 0.5 mm (B, C); 0.3 mm (D); 0.2 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.90.81095.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/677627" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">, 9</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Piasites quasimodus sp. nov., female: A habitus, lateral view (holotype) B head, front view (paratype) C head and mesosoma, lateral view (holotype) D head and mesoscutum dorsal view (paratype); E front wing, areolet and vein 2 m-cu (paratype). Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 0.5 mm (C); 0.3 mm (B, D); 0.2 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.90.81095.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/677628" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">, 10</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Piasites seyrigi sp. nov., female: A habitus, lateral view (holotype) B head, front view (holotype) C head and mesosoma, lateral view (holotype) D head and mesoscutum dorsal view (holotype) E front wing, areolet and vein 2 m-cu (paratype). Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 0.5 mm (C, D); 0.3 mm (B, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.90.81095.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/677629" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">, 11</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Piasites species, habitus of males, lateral view: A P. carinatus B P. quasimodus sp. nov. (paratype) C P. seyrigi sp. nov. (paratype) D P. perinetensis sp. nov. (paratype) E P. nigricollis sp. nov. (paratype). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.90.81095.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/677630" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">, 12</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Piasites species, males A-E head and mesosoma, lateral view: A P. carinatus B P. quasimodus sp. nov. (paratype) C P. seyrigi sp. nov. (paratype) D P. nigricollis sp. nov. (paratype) E P. perinetensis sp. nov. (paratype) F-G metapleuron: F P. nigricollis sp. nov. (paratype) G P. perinetensis sp. nov. (paratype). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-E); 0.2 mm (F, G)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.90.81095.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/677631" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">, 13</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Diagrams showing distribution records for species of Piasites A P. carinatus B P. lineatus sp. nov. C P. nigricollis sp. nov. D P. orbitalis sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.90.81095.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/677632" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">, 14</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Diagrams showing distribution records for species of Piasites A P. perinetensis sp. nov. B P. politus sp. nov. C P. quasimodus sp. nov. D P. seyrigi sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.90.81095.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/677633" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">, 15</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Piasites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piasites" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Piasites</taxonomicName>
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Seyrig, 1952: 191. Type species:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Piasites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piasites carinatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinatus">Piasites carinatus</taxonomicName>
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Seyrig, by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Frons smooth and shiny, without horns or carinae; occipital carina joining hypostomal carina close to or at base of mandible; posterior margin of metanotum without teeth-like projections; transverse furrow at base of propodeum with distinct longitudinal striae; areolet small to medium-sized, open (crossvein 3rs-m absent); T1 with distinct anterolateral tooth.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Female.</emphasis>
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Fore wing 4.0-8.1 mm long. Body moderately slender, shiny and variously sculptured.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Head</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Frons and vertex smooth and shiny, frons with a median vertical line. Occiput sharply inclined; posterior surface of head almost vertical, somewhat concave, starting almost immediately posteriorly to lateral ocelli. Occipital carina sharp, complete dorsally except in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. quasimodus" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="quasimodus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">P. quasimodus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, meeting hypostomal carina close to or at base of mandible. Temple and gena in lateral view moderately wide, ventrally distinctly wider than on dorsal 0.2. Clypeus 1.6-1.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as broad as medially long, dorsally distinctly convex, ventral margin slightly rounded or somewhat truncate, medially with or without a weak denticle. Labrum conspicuously exposed with long setae on apical margin. Antenna with 23-32 flagellomeres; subapical flagellomeres gradually thicker than basal ones, flattened ventrally. Tip of apical flagellomere rounded, without distinct cluster of modified setae. Malar space moderately long, 0.5-0.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as basal mandibular width, granulate. Mandible moderately short, 1.35-1.65
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as basal width, dorsal tooth slightly to distinctly longer than ventral one.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Mesosoma</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Pronotum variously sculptured but always with distinct longitudinal striae; dorsal margin sometimes slightly swollen near dorsal end of epomia; epomia short but strong except in some specimens of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. carinatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="carinatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">P. carinatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Mesoscutum subcircular to ovoid, 1.05-1.25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide; notaulus reaching past half of mesoscutum length, variously impressed. Epicnemial carina reaching at least 0.5 of distance to subtegular ridge. Sternaulus deep, reaching posterior rim of mesopleuron. Posterior transverse carina of mesosternum represented by a short median ridge, approximately v-shaped. Posterior margin of metanotum without distinct teeth-like projections. Transverse furrow at base of propodeum moderately wide and deep, with distinct longitudinal striae. Pleural carina distinct. Submetaplural carina forming a conspicuous, blunt, subtriangular elevation joining juxtacoxal carina. Fore tibia slightly swollen. Fourth tarsomeres distinctly bilobed, lateral lobes much longer than mesal ones. Propodeum moderately small and more or less evenly rounded in lateral view, in dorsal view about as long as wide; anterior margin medially concave; spiracle circular or elliptic. Longitudinal carinae of propodeum absent, except pleural carina. Anterior transverse carina complete and strong but sometimes almost obscured by strong propodeal sculpture. Posterior transverse carina usually complete, except interrupted medially in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. perinetensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="perinetensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">P. perinetensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. orbitalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="orbitalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">P. orbitalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Wings hyaline; ramulus absent; cross-vein 1cu-a arising opposite M&RS or basad by up to 0.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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of its length; second absissa of vein CU slightly shorter than cross-vein 2cu-a; cross-vein 2m-cu inclivous and usually slightly curved, its bulla moderately short, occupying less than 0.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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of its length; areolet small to medium sized (in most species 0.45-0.90
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as abscissa of vein 2m-cu above bulla, up to 1.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. quasimodus" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="quasimodus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">P. quasimodus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); cross-vein 3rs-m absent. Hind wing vein M+CU apically strongly arched; vein cu-a distinctly shorter than first absissa of vein CU; second absissa of CU distinct but not reaching wing margin, its apical 0.5 approximately straight; second abscissa of AA (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Townes’">Townes'</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“brachiella”">"brachiella"</normalizedToken>
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) distinct, except in some specimens of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. quasimodus" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="quasimodus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">P. quasimodus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/jhr.90.81095.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/677618" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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Propodeum of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Piasites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piasites" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Piasites</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, dorsal view, females (I):
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">A</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. carinatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="carinatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">P. carinatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Seyrig
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">B</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. quasimodus" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="quasimodus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">P. quasimodus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. (paratype)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">C</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. politus" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="politus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">P. politus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. (paratype)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">D</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. perinetensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="perinetensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">P. perinetensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. (holotype). Scale bars: 0.3 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Metasoma</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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T1 moderately short, 2.00-2.85
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as posteriorly broad; petiole in cross-section approximately cylindric, with weak anterolateral tooth; median dorsal and ventro-lateral carinae absent; dorso-lateral carina at least partially distinct. Posterior apex of sternite I opposite spiracle. Thyridium wider than long. T7-8 as long as T5-6. Ovipositor sheath 0.4-0.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as hind tibia (in most species 0.5-0.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
); ovipositor straight, compressed, apex moderately pointed, with distinct nodus and notch; dorsal valve without ridges or teeth; ventral valve with numerous oblique ridges or teeth (10-12), not expanded as a lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Generally similar to respective females. Morphological secondary sexual differences are usually more or less uniform within
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1837" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="tribe" tribe="Cryptini">Cryptini</taxonomicName>
|
||
and apply to males of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Piasites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piasites" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Piasites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as follows. General body size usually smaller than in female. Antenna with 24-31 flagellomeres, from f13(17) to apex flattened ventrally, each flagellomere shorter than in female; white band of flagellum starting more apically. Transverse furrow at base of propodeum medially longer and shallower than in female. Propodeum with sculpture distinctly coarser than in female. Fore tibia not swollen. T1 slenderer and less widened posteriorly than in female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
||
The examination of multiple specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. carinatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="carinatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">P. carinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well as of additional species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Piasites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piasites" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Piasites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resulted in a redefinition that is at odds with some of the characters described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Townes, HK" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 537" refId="B10" refString="Townes, HK, 1970. The genera of Ichneumonidae, Part 2. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 12: 1 - 537" title="The genera of Ichneumonidae, Part 2." volume="12" year="1970">Townes (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the genus. For instance, Townes stated that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Piasites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piasites" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Piasites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the epomia "indistinct or absent", but the epomia is distinct and strong in most of the new species, and even specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. carinatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="carinatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">P. carinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
often have a distinct epomia (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Colour variation of P. carinatus: head, mesosoma and metasoma, lateral view, females. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.90.81095.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/677622" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">4</figureCitation>
|
||
), though it is sometimes obscured by the pronotum sculpture. Townes also noted in the key to the genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Ceratocryptina">Ceratocryptina</taxonomicName>
|
||
(couplet 14) that in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Piasites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piasites" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Piasites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the notaulus is "not sharp", though most species of the genus have a distinct and deeply impressed notaulus. Another potential problem in determining the genus from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Townes’">Townes'</normalizedToken>
|
||
key arises at couplet 6, in which the state "brachiella vein present, reaching at least half the distance to wing margin" leads to the portion of the key containing
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Piasites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piasites" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Piasites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. quasimodus" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="quasimodus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">P. quasimodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the hind wing vein 2-1A (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“brachiella”">"brachiella"</normalizedToken>
|
||
) very short or indistinct, which would lead users to the wrong couplet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Compared to other cryptine genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Piasites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piasites" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Piasites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to closely related taxa in the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ischnus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ischnus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Ischnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade; in particular, species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Piasites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piasites" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Piasites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be mistaken for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Bozakites" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bozakites" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Bozakites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a large Afrotropical genus that occurs both in continental Africa and in Madagascar.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Piasites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piasites" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Piasites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Bozakites" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bozakites" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Bozakites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the lack of a tooth-like widening on posterior margin of the metanotum (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Bozakites" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bozakites" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Bozakites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, just laterad of each side of postscutellum); frons smooth and shiny (vs. granulate, matte and often with weak punctures); occipital carina joining hypostomal carina close to or at base of mandible (vs. joining hypostomal carina far from mandible base); and anterior margin of pronotum not bordered posteriorly by a carina (vs. bordered by a strong carina). The two genera also appear as reciprocally monophyletic in the analyses of
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12238" author="Santos, B" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" pagination="650 - 676" refId="B5" refString="Santos, B, 2017. Phylogeny and reclassification of Cryptini (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae), with implications for ichneumonid higher-level classification. Systematic Entomology 42: 650 - 676, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12238" title="Phylogeny and reclassification of Cryptini (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae), with implications for ichneumonid higher-level classification." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12238" volume="42" year="2017">Santos (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, further reinforcing that they represent distinct taxonomic entities. It should be noted, however, that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Bozakites" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bozakites" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Bozakites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a large and variable genus; further phylogenetic analyses including more species of both genera are needed in order to discard the possibility that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Piasites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piasites" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Piasites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is nested within
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Bozakites" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bozakites" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Bozakites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
||
While herein we increase the number of known
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Piasites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piasites" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Piasites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species from one to eight, the genus certainly includes further species. The undescribed species included in the analyses of
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12238" author="Santos, B" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" pagination="650 - 676" refId="B5" refString="Santos, B, 2017. Phylogeny and reclassification of Cryptini (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae), with implications for ichneumonid higher-level classification. Systematic Entomology 42: 650 - 676, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12238" title="Phylogeny and reclassification of Cryptini (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae), with implications for ichneumonid higher-level classification." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12238" volume="42" year="2017">Santos (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
does not closely match any of the species treated here, but it was not described in this work because it is represented by a single specimen that was damaged for DNA extraction. Close examination of the extensive Malagasy material collected in multiple expeditions by the California Academy of Sciences (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fisher, BL" editor="Jablonski, NG" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" pagination="78 - 89" refId="B3" refString="Fisher, BL, 2005. A Model for a Global Inventory of Ants: A Case Study in Madagascar. In: Jablonski, NG, Ed., Biodiversity: A Symposium Held on the Occasion of the 150th Anniversary of the California Academy of Sciences June 17-18, 2003. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 56: 78 - 89" title="A Model for a Global Inventory of Ants: A Case Study in Madagascar." volume="56" volumeTitle="Biodiversity: A Symposium Held on the Occasion of the 150 th Anniversary of the California Academy of Sciences June 17 - 18, 2003." year="2005">Fisher 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) may reveal multiple additional species, but we chose to present the information that is readily available in order to advance the knowledge of the Malagasy fauna.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Unknown.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Endemic to Madagascar. Extensive material from continental Africa was examined, and no specimens corresponding to the taxonomic delimitation of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Piasites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piasites" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Piasites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |