plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/A9/68/33/A96833C14B1FE8616E80EB3BC6ABD6B9.xml
maintenance 5ae7c34c39 added A9
2024-06-21 12:47:07 +02:00

316 lines
35 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-231-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" ModsDocID="1314-2003-231-1" checkinTime="1693383686345" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra, Saerkinen, Tiina &amp; Barboza, Gloria E." docDate="2023" docId="A96833C14B1FE8616E80EB3BC6ABD6B9" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 231: 1-342" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 231" docPubDate="2023-08-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894" docTitle="Solanum marmoratum Barboza &amp; S. Knapp, PhytoKeys 164: 46. 2020." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" masterDocTitle="A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade (Solanum L., Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1693383686345" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods id="42F895B81EDE93221F886DED44CA9ACC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="D9761C0D23D802E17C90374FEFCCCF5F">
<mods:title id="0351E6D44A80E584A6BCA624BB80B33F">A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade (Solanum L., Solanaceae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="A19552EC9C614649AF7EEBAE82103CF7" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C9754DE63E14AFC3049ED6CFBBD71593">
<mods:roleTerm id="3F5A5A32A211653B127C4F32275A37F1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8AA811BC9F39498FA72770AD1AA56FE2">Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C9E492DB00958103D5E53877B8ACD54A" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="011308DE9FE742E091538F02457AFA9B">Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3679AEA4E11F5EE430403AA39C454967" type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="541C3F0170C2B1C797DAF0525AB8F2E4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6EA9C3E77BD82368D3E7492AAD01ED94">
<mods:roleTerm id="C4A01A8C33F5D06C7C0ADC77C67BB478">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="82E1500B5661B05263591F71FB01DF76">Saerkinen, Tiina</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1E112F34998F604AB5CAF5071D3E37E9" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6956-3093</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="DA58F588584CBA58D52A093B3E8F9F6D">Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20 A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH 3 5 LR, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="ED7C2AA48E658794FDBB2D0E2D43FA68" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8164027E3EA6EB82F899E8EE164F52F0">
<mods:roleTerm id="BF6E8848A6791DD9E88465207FC593F3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F7370CE2377CA7428BC898AC69AA8FDA">Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E5BEF91B2BE09CD0243B68B5C2E980FE" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-036X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="1BF7313CAE64454494A003428889D5AB">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="863FAC93FB332A6428F449E9D572E48D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="2043C0FC9310D7EBED4E91E5E14919BD" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="F351E7A1967F70E96D7A587E6D4347C7">
<mods:title id="97176D64A2E2D386356ACBCB65FA0B6D">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="8F5896C017BA3A8F7121314091969BF4">
<mods:date id="0B133BFF7E802B3A98C1448EF9DDF53B">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="BC1AC81DEBBF05022BC8A2B8620003F9" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="B82BD1B59473B89B1CC53672802B5FD7">2023-08-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="96F83ACF7EC80241B4F4642FE33B2A41" type="volume">
<mods:number id="4AB6E16C29C30300659C656B651DDC29">231</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="8319702543723BA83317DC0DCAAF281B" unit="page">
<mods:start id="C4E4CB4109A1BB8623DB280ABA37994C">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="C268EC0BBD43CC2C63F7728681BE4392">342</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="EB97B956A50582C69BD8B3323EDCAB75">
<mods:url id="9E89917A77B266D34F3B2D9CD9DA08AF">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="DBA0C72EAB63CD46F7B005A7EE1F28DD">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="E29F480812B49E56F41893762A598338" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A86000A16555FB9354E6106BEADC818F" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-231-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A7065780CDD0A2FA032B100DD1139DDD" type="Pensoft-UUID">0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="A96833C14B1FE8616E80EB3BC6ABD6B9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A96833C14B1FE8616E80EB3BC6ABD6B9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A96833C14B1FE8616E80EB3BC6ABD6B9" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="FB6CC438E4A4E7236869DB1A06F346C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A3F38ED5970BA3D0BCC90112F5096289" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
31.
<taxonomicName id="532F1A25F24EB827CEDC03A266E39331" ID-CoL="7Z4CQ" authority="Barboza &amp; S. Knapp, PhytoKeys 164: 46. 2020." authorityName="Barboza &amp; S. Knapp, PhytoKeys 164: 46. 2020." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum marmoratum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marmoratum">Solanum marmoratum Barboza &amp; S.Knapp, PhytoKeys 164: 46. 2020.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FA86516D2F2AF96C18936595EA842993" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="7CD4800ED4C545C0D3B397A804828E6D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="E8FAED094C1C7A88B496D599DA196820" captionStart="Figure 95" captionStartId="F95" captionText="Figure 95. Solanum marmoratum A habit, vegetative branch B inflorescence C flower at late anthesis D flower opened to show position of style at late anthesis E fruits (A-E Barboza et al. 5099). Illustration by L. Ribulgo." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure95" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897556" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 95</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="D714D8C8562EE2AD4C5011D6FBE1B3FB" captionStart="Figure 96" captionStartId="F96" captionText="Figure 96. Solanum marmoratum A habit B, C details of the winged stems D inflorescence E flowers, showing the included style and the filaments that elongate with flower age F mature fruits G detail of berries showing the spreading fleshy calyx in fruit (A Barboza et al. 5099 B, E Barboza et al. 5136 C, F Barboza et al. 5073). Photos by S. Knapp. Previously published in Knapp et al. (2020: 47)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure96" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897557" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 96</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BDE1DD0B6442E3F45991A8FC56A02693" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="FAF3652C17B46608A7E1FB9ED183D456" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus id="8F0015DA016D506EB9EB836A9925041D">Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7AF47D3C6845A9DB1D2557796402C841" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation id="CB40D68F27F3464B73B6DFA264E800A6" collectingDate="2020-02-09" collectorName="G. E. Barboza, S. Knapp, F. Chiarini, R. Fortunato" country="Argentina" elevation="297" location="Loventue" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="La Pampa" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="863A4387EFB26547E1D5853A371DEF40" name="Argentina">Argentina</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="7FA74BF08B3818457C483BE244D87EC1" country="Argentina" name="La Pampa">La Pampa</collectingRegion>
: Dpto.
<normalizedToken id="1DAB64F871158D40678AE1A88D6A610A" originalValue="Loventué">Loventue</normalizedToken>
,
<quantity id="E6514CECDCAC111CD7451EDFB834222F" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
al
<locationDeviation id="B791A4FF0D55F6802286C0F417EEC652" location="Luan Toro">W de Luan Toro</locationDeviation>
, rumbo a
<normalizedToken id="1E94156975A3060A5878153940AB2B37" originalValue="Loventué">
<location id="4DA8EC364A89AA6F131CFF504E55CA4A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A96833C14B1FE8616E80EB3BC6ABD6B9:4DA8EC364A89AA6F131CFF504E55CA4A" country="Argentina" name="Loventue" stateProvince="La Pampa">Loventue</location>
</normalizedToken>
,
<quantity id="C48FBE3E1C85B05BAD42F0402AE65460" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9699999999999998" unit="m" value="297.0">
<elevation id="13A5B88C7C2C5ACEFEE16023B461AA1F" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9699999999999998" unit="m" value="297.0">297 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate id="B31766781F547DCD6297FE94C2C425CD" value="2020-02-09">9 Feb 2020</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis id="39DC8CBD9DDCFD749447C4CBAB0516DC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName id="54F80C1CBACFCC5CAC88D6F924B6F320">G.E. Barboza</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="FD1BDFB228985C8DF1E775BB4B0F6143">S. Knapp</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="ECAA1A5D4EBC4552162F9C7A2F7D69A4">F. Chiarini</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="73399BE377F23BFC147A2BC225EE0015">R. Fortunato</collectorName>
5099
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="0D517C85D06A2CA2A616254E62E788C4">holotype</typeStatus>
: CORD [CORD00007007]; isotypes: BAB, BM [to be distributed])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="432C9DB4F446C1E625BC1D0332A52EB7" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure95" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897556" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 95" startId="F95">
<paragraph id="D2D36779D0C27C27CB8E5DD3DC96A93B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="55030D5C42F8EA84220A6A7CACA8FA63" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 95.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2B02798E9B30FDAFDDEA55A25F9E0697" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum marmoratum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marmoratum">
<emphasis id="5F6395FBDED8B011FC9555E277306F86" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum marmoratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="2A9E6D44AA458E358F8249F9A38B281D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
habit, vegetative branch
<emphasis id="0F4121A6A1C8C8CF1D2807C5D69C62B1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
inflorescence
<emphasis id="D88E89549DA41E62C8AE59F8BAF097BF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
flower at late anthesis
<emphasis id="195379DB1094D3D325E76983782148F6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
flower opened to show position of style at late anthesis
<emphasis id="038DFB52E7F26CE33D399B9F292E4D81" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
fruits (
<emphasis id="37BB288444A7429BAC6995FB8A3C2F5E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-E</emphasis>
<emphasis id="60FA11E7FAFD9BDD174A5A71A95C1808" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 5099</emphasis>
). Illustration by L. Ribulgo.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="917EB7D6C7736C093B9C05E5012F8C7D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="6C4E70EF020BB5D06884C243B36A76D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A4919A69CB8729AEF60C7DB907FC1FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Watery annual herbs, 0.1-1 m high, sprawling and somewhat prostrate when large. Stems strongly winged, the wing to 1 mm wide, sometimes with spinose processes (old trichome bases), sparsely to moderately pubescent with spreading to appressed eglandular simple 5-8-celled uniseriate trichomes 0.5-1 mm long, these drying white; new growth densely pubescent with eglandular, white simple uniseriate trichomes 0.5-1 mm long; older stems greenish white, not woody. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves not geminate. Leaves simple and shallowly toothed, the blades 2-10 cm long, 1.5-6 cm wide, much larger in older plants, ovate, widest in the lower third, membranous, watery and somewhat succulent, concolorous, very bright green on live plants; adaxial and abaxial surfaces evenly white-pubescent with eglandular simple 5-8-celled uniseriate trichomes 0.5-1 mm long, these longer and denser on the veins; principal veins 5-6 pairs; base attenuate onto the petiole; margins shallowly and irregularly toothed, the teeth 2-4 mm long, 2.4- mm wide, broadly deltate, with blunt tips; apex acute; petioles 0.5-2.5 cm long, somewhat winged from the attenuate leaf base, pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like the stems and leaves. Inflorescences internodal, unbranched, (1)2-3 cm long, with 5-7 flowers clustered at the tip, usually only 1-2 open at a time, sparsely and evenly pubescent with antrorse simple uniseriate trichomes 0.5-1 mm long like the stems and leaves; peduncle 1.4-2.5 cm long; pedicels 0.4 cm long, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 0.6 mm in diameter at the apex, slightly tapering, spreading, eglandular pubescent like the rest of the inflorescence, articulated at the base; pedicel scars tightly packed at the tip of the inflorescence, 0.5-1.5 mm apart. Buds broadly ellipsoid, the corolla included in the calyx tube until just before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, cosexual (hermaphroditic). Calyx tube 1.2-1.5 mm long, cup-shaped, the lobes 1-1.5 mm, narrowly deltate-triangular, fleshy and recurved in live plants, sparsely pubescent with eglandular white trichomes on both surfaces like the rest of the plant. Corolla 0.5-0.8 cm in diameter, white with a green central star, stellate, lobed ca. halfway to the base, the lobes ca. 2.5 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, spreading to slightly reflexed at anthesis (flowers closing daily and lasting for several days), adaxially glabrous, abaxially densely pubescent with tiny simple uniseriate trichomes especially at the tips. Stamens equal or slightly unequal with one anther marginally longer than the rest; filament tube ca. 0.1 mm long; free portion of the filaments 0.5-1 mm long, elongating through anthesis, with a few tangled transparent simple uniseriate trichomes adaxially; anthers 1-1.5 mm long 0.6-1 mm wide, ellipsoid, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores elongating with age. Ovary conical, glabrous; style 2-2.5 mm, straight, included within the anther cone or the stigma just visible, densely papillate in the lower 3/4; stigma large capitate, held at the level of the anthers when flowers first open, later included within the anther cone, bright green in live plants, the surfaces minutely papillate. Fruit a globose berry, 0.8-1.5 cm in diameter, dark green marbled with white at maturity, the pericarp surface thin, shiny, translucent, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 1.2-1.5 cm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 1.5 mm in diameter at the apex, fleshy and watery, tapering to the spreading calyx, strongly deflexed at maturity, with a distinct bend at the pedicel base, not persistent; fruiting calyx somewhat expanded, the tube 3-4 mm long, the lobes 4-5 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide, spreading and fleshy, the tips rounded. Seeds 50-70 per berry, ca. 2 mm long, ca. 1.7 mm wide, flattened teardrop shape with an apical hilum, pale tan to reddish brown, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells mostly rectangular to pentagonal in outline, more sinuate towards the seed centre. Stone cells 1-2 per berry, 1-1.1 mm in diameter, randomly positioned in the berry. Chromosome number: not known.</paragraph>
<caption id="CA46E999D29A4FFA0F16AB05EC883BB9" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure96" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897557" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 96" startId="F96">
<paragraph id="71E93A5F64CBC91960F2DE7C39021A3B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="2B3A90032DBE13C858843A68891095FF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 96.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E92E26EB190E20E278296B876F03379E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum marmoratum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marmoratum">
<emphasis id="CDCDDC956F99196BB950A743D542F22F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum marmoratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B28E5F396089C06181063DCC2FC841B5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
habit
<emphasis id="B75BC6531C27C08AE3C30242DE5089E2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, C</emphasis>
details of the winged stems
<emphasis id="2FFFEFD5C0C0AACC4B9E8E4BA1639F3F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
inflorescence
<emphasis id="29C1753F04B178B60643E2D82E32854D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
flowers, showing the included style and the filaments that elongate with flower age
<emphasis id="8F8FD129DE50422D19D0F33C05470D11" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
mature fruits
<emphasis id="EE5F658F3A02A2CCFD1D194D5175721D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
detail of berries showing the spreading fleshy calyx in fruit (
<emphasis id="DD8F4492020A357370C769D7F7321907" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
<emphasis id="EC2154783558081E4D88FD4DBE78119F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 5099</emphasis>
<emphasis id="74EDEFFF4E2A4C77717A0CF4F86D455E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, E</emphasis>
<emphasis id="25217453E445F3B2B355D8EA216408D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 5136</emphasis>
<emphasis id="51AC46424A0756A5E7E1A7D3C6F81D05" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, F</emphasis>
<emphasis id="716BB86FDEB685389306D50269550C2A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 5073</emphasis>
). Photos by S. Knapp. Previously published in
<bibRefCitation id="3334E4A7F3B15A89D345CE6925F13308" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.164.54504" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="33 - 66" refId="B137" refString="Knapp, S, Chiarini, F, Cantero, JJ, Barboza, GE, 2020. The Morelloid clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Argentina: Nomenclatural changes, three new species and an updated key to all taxa. PhytoKeys 164: 33 - 66, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.164.54504" title="The Morelloid clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Argentina: Nomenclatural changes, three new species and an updated key to all taxa." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.164.54504" volume="164" year="2020">Knapp et al. (2020</bibRefCitation>
: 47).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B015FAA56D72FD71738A17B1B93FB6EE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="2B6EBECBBC890745D497E434CC301E28" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ABA7F3B7660124F48C7E9DC9917D3F42" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="77BC31B615C7A8E92FE5BA906E14C191" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="2EDC3F6C21172E52B60F9840C72077CE" captionStart="Figure 97" captionStartId="F97" captionText="Figure 97. Distribution map of Solanum marmoratum." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure97" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897558" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">97</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="06B3E5711069B4A8476656B71DE5D00D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum marmoratum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marmoratum">
<emphasis id="C0C4574271FC20A94DE2AF8E178973B7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum marmoratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to Argentina (Provs. Catamarca, La Pampa, La Rioja, San Luis); we expect it also to be found in Mendoza, because several collections are known from Desaguadero (San Luis), a locality very close to the provincial border that crosses through uniform habitat.
</paragraph>
<caption id="A55E595B16CCB56ADDA1D952DE076DFF" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure97" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897558" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 97" startId="F97">
<paragraph id="7A518FBDA7D535B75D83F1FF9BF06292" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="360CAC80840843BFAA82CC05B5532448" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 97.</emphasis>
Distribution map of
<taxonomicName id="244608266DF7A50B447DAF240899EF71" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum marmoratum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marmoratum">
<emphasis id="A2CD98D2AF32452FADCE3E7D2C00267F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum marmoratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EF73FECFED714EFC88D03ECB5B2C7744" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="B4379A0C51226416848FAB0E700DFA2E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD236D309E3C248E4128480E16D33ED7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="4D166A22590F824ECF257885CD52C3B6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum marmoratum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marmoratum">
<emphasis id="1AE5051D8F4D8B3B3DD6251934EF7D19" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum marmoratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in shady areas in
<taxonomicName id="BE2FD1ADBC42C4FB069CCAD90242DC79" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Leguminosae" genus="Prosopis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Prosopis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2D5A7CEFD82D3F185DE8651F64746DB4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Prosopis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="C1219B1C5AA5FDE22D70477C9864E020" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Leguminosae</taxonomicName>
) woodlands and at the edges of arable fields; it usually grows under trees and shrubs with a number of other herbaceous plants, from 200 to 1,400 m elevation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DAFB57A18C485136989AC82812818DA9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
<paragraph id="D3B6C3181FD5D2568ACE2A7C3203DB10" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA24C67F7870A2BA649FFC8E60549C6F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None recorded.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7D30CEE86118A33DCA1A2465F52482C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph id="B219470F0C8E6A6EE24CBAB79B147FE0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7447FB165C306D20B3109801AEA56BED" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="9D19455CD76F499A563950B7E247EDC7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(
<bibRefCitation id="57B10F70369A73CFA3BD0AB44AB82901" author="Ibarrola, DA" journalOrPublisher="Nueva Serie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" refId="B116" refString="2022. . https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" url="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" year="2022">IUCN 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Least Concern [LC]. EOO = 266,502 km2 [LC]; AOO = 100 km2 [EN].
<taxonomicName id="3E939ABA409F5515B1D3725138DE6092" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum marmoratum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marmoratum">
<emphasis id="FE21427C4EDD2B33E9EAEA63564AC234" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum marmoratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a relatively widespread species; the extent of occurrence suggests it should be given a status of least concern. The small area of occupancy perhaps reflects a lack of collecting in the dry forest and partially degraded habitats where
<taxonomicName id="F379ABA999B42A796C3FBFFCC2F2EFEC" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. marmoratum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="marmoratum">
<emphasis id="30402370907FEC1638ECA351E1857D3F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. marmoratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs. The number of localities (ca. 9) is probably an underestimate due to the widespread perception that these habitats are not interesting; most collections are quite old, and the species has not been collected recently (except by us). The large-scale conversion of land in the range of
<taxonomicName id="B23601EC05C0EE57D68F66A39FBEE6D6" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. marmoratum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="marmoratum">
<emphasis id="CFCF0B0A746EC38F5B477DA130054F1A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. marmoratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to intensive monoculture of commercial crops such as maize, peanuts and sunflowers poses a risk for this and other species in these habitats; use of herbicides and elimination of patches of forest leave little room for even weedy species to persist. Widespread habitat conversion in central Argentina warrants further studies as to population status across the
<normalizedToken id="3433D07C12F131B518F3E12E82A2995D" originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
historical range.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AEF123919A7E9EDA83A3661E2AB1D065" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="663BDDC38740959B2587D7E791C00B54" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A345D506C0A5B1FECACFB49393D4E351" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="742B9308138273DBD499E7F6FCE0C244" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum marmoratum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marmoratum">
<emphasis id="516198B8B8E1FAC22754A6F1C0C59BE5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum marmoratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had long confused botanists working with Argentinian solanums (see discussion in
<bibRefCitation id="1F725E732068692E6D581E84BB4B0C63" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.164.54504" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="33 - 66" refId="B137" refString="Knapp, S, Chiarini, F, Cantero, JJ, Barboza, GE, 2020. The Morelloid clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Argentina: Nomenclatural changes, three new species and an updated key to all taxa. PhytoKeys 164: 33 - 66, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.164.54504" title="The Morelloid clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Argentina: Nomenclatural changes, three new species and an updated key to all taxa." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.164.54504" volume="164" year="2020">Knapp et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
). We collected
<taxonomicName id="1F18C61822E1A766131DD182E2C52597" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. marmoratum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="marmoratum">
<emphasis id="F8FD1EBD327C0C01CEE937628E286565" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. marmoratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 2013 (
<emphasis id="FD7EFFDC3AC1E82764BB7D63A9217A01" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 3668</emphasis>
) along with
<taxonomicName id="FAE4476FB72A26EE6E649A735345D3FE" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. tweedieanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tweedieanum">
<emphasis id="3A908E7E328B097EE14C5BA3B249009A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. tweedieanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and mistakenly noted the leaves of
<taxonomicName id="A874227E821DCEC55C5FF23823E9981A" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. marmoratum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="marmoratum">
<emphasis id="87444EEC52907364B93734DD31189934" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. marmoratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as sticky; it was only examination of the dried specimens that alerted us to our error. Careful examination of all morelloid collections at CORD in early 2020 showed the distinctness of
<taxonomicName id="B5DE3D7B14D04BC9CFD388A99911CCBD" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. marmoratum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="marmoratum">
<emphasis id="5C7E72F5A5798788E785700538705F2A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. marmoratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its relatively widespread but fragmented distribution.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="09DBC252E1737C0B4B452E9F3C6E0BFA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The flowers of
<taxonomicName id="FA9EDE7C08222AA895FCAD4EE1012AD2" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. marmoratum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="marmoratum">
<emphasis id="1AD1678AC50297549C5B20F8C211B382" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. marmoratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are among the tiniest in the morelloid solanums rivalled only by the globally distributed
<taxonomicName id="FC2BB738C612AF349B248757A139EE1C" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. americanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis id="A1A946A17F6661037F58741BE4AD80FA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="7E4E525745A92E640E9608EA79C70A7A" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">
<emphasis id="1E882997654BEC1B6EAFD1FE0B686E29" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nitidibaccatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the North American
<taxonomicName id="074A340B60CF2926FCDD438AA02FEB48" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. emulans" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="emulans">
<emphasis id="3B6E4B35874845ECCC8043B580CAB30B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. emulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Raf. (see
<bibRefCitation id="5953064C3CE6552EFFE1AEACB7ADEA17" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B136" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Bohs, L, Saerkinen, T, 2019. A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America. PhytoKeys 123: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" title="A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" volume="123" year="2019">Knapp et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="C6AD4D85E15FC8741C29F7861FA970DB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">
<emphasis id="4AE7823369D3E6943871C509386086A4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum nitidibaccatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has somewhat marbled berries but is always extremely sticky and covered with glandular trichomes, in contrast to the eglandular pubescence of
<taxonomicName id="C4D3C80B295AB8C0FF2C83433CEAA3A9" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. marmoratum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="marmoratum">
<emphasis id="89D179B8CB4FC69514AFCFF8C93EF830" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. marmoratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="0D22410489A3070CAC50CD59189E3594" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum americanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis id="A5EDF4D3E5148D8025D8B51CBE2AA4D4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0BD7F7D2E618441BBFF4250A04ADB04C" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. emulans" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="emulans">
<emphasis id="6BB9826AA61828BF8604CDDD75916781" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. emulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
both have eglandular pubescence but have purplish black rather than green marbled berries. The fleshy spreading calyx lobes of
<taxonomicName id="64FE848C92E704B8749028B1BD7F9B1F" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. marmoratum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="marmoratum">
<emphasis id="909F8E5963596C6C1F2297BA5C7046F0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. marmoratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are distinct from those of all of these species with tiny flowers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E6561ACC6BCE49FA79F070B996E43467" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="976C611ED51B56BC4DA17E2F7F296F37" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum marmoratum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marmoratum">
<emphasis id="7909A991BBB68A8F96F3DE77D9C29004" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum marmoratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be highly autogamous and is perhaps entirely self-fertilising. Flowers stay open for several days (closing at night) and in cultivation the plant goes from bud to flower to fruit in 15-18 days with all flowers setting fruit (SK and GEB, pers. obs.). Over the course of anthesis the filaments elongate until the style becomes enclosed in the anther cone (Fig.
<figureCitation id="3E70561BA7CC86191F7B0E05E735F996" captionStart="Figure 96" captionStartId="F96" captionText="Figure 96. Solanum marmoratum A habit B, C details of the winged stems D inflorescence E flowers, showing the included style and the filaments that elongate with flower age F mature fruits G detail of berries showing the spreading fleshy calyx in fruit (A Barboza et al. 5099 B, E Barboza et al. 5136 C, F Barboza et al. 5073). Photos by S. Knapp. Previously published in Knapp et al. (2020: 47)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure96" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897557" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">96E</figureCitation>
); as the anthers dehisce they leave pollen directly on the stigma. Ripe berries last more than two weeks after being gathered from desiccated plants, remaining unchanged as to colour or odour (G.E. Barboza, pers. obs.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink