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<document id="6B7D65805CF4D5662C712F463223BFB3" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5379.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10209083" ID-ZooBank="430102D2-4EAA-41B3-B57F-CC532F929DA3" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1701074983827" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Martino, Emanuela Di" docDate="2023" docId="4B6E902EFF85FFA5FF46FB541899FF76" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5379.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5379 (1)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5379.1.1/52354" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Semikinetoskias dubia Silen 1941" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="B757E856FFAAFF95FFD1FF931C54FFA3" masterDocTitle="Scanning electron microscopy study of Lars Siléns cheilostome bryozoan type specimens in the historical collections of natural history museums in Sweden" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1701076047985" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="74CA5E45781A266D32241455FC061D8F">Scanning electron microscopy study of Lars Siléns cheilostome bryozoan type specimens in the historical collections of natural history museums in Sweden</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FD8D812B719806EC0D2F72A6534FCED4">Martino, Emanuela Di</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="4B6E902EFF85FFA5FF46FB541899FF76" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B6E902EFF85FFA5FF46FB541899FF76" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B6E902EFF85FFA5FF46FB541899FF76" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<subSubSection id="8BDD72B3FF85FFBAFF46FB541E62FB41" box="[151,566,1223,1250]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C3782138FF85FFBAFF46FB541E62FB41" blockId="47.[151,566,1223,1286]" box="[151,566,1223,1250]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<heading id="98309654FF85FFBAFF46FB541E62FB41" bold="true" box="[151,566,1223,1250]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF85FFBAFF46FB541E62FB41" ID-CoL="4WGK4" authority="Silen, 1941" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,566,1223,1250]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bugulidae" genus="Semikinetoskias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF85FFBAFF46FB541E62FB41" bold="true" box="[151,566,1223,1250]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF85FFBAFF46FB541DF2FB41" bold="true" box="[151,422,1223,1250]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Semikinetoskias dubia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FF85FFBAFE7FFB541E62FB41" author="Silen, L." box="[430,566,1223,1250]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 130" refId="ref63698" refString="Silen, L. (1941) Cheilostomata Anasca (Bryozoa) collected by Prof. Dr. Sixten Bock's expedition to Japan and the Bonin Islands 1914. Arkiv for zoologi, 33 A, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1941">Silén, 1941</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8BDD72B3FF85FFBAFF46FB7F1D3CFAA5" box="[151,360,1260,1286]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="description">
<paragraph id="C3782138FF85FFBAFF46FB7F1D3CFAA5" blockId="47.[151,566,1223,1286]" box="[151,360,1260,1286]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
(
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFF85FFBAFF4EFB7F1CA7FAA5" box="[159,243,1260,1286]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,518,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-123@48.[151,1436,518,1839]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 24. Semikinetoskias dubia Silén, 1941. Lectotype (designated here) UPSZTY 191153D, Japan.A. General view of the specimen. B. Close-up of two autozooids lacking pedunculate avicularia because detached. C. Close-up of an autozooid with pedunculate avicularium. D. Close-up of avicularium. E. Dorsal side. Scale bars:A = 1 mm; B = 200 µm; C = 120 µm; D = 100 µm; E = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209150/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="8E451483FF85FFBAFF2FFB7F1D34FAA5" box="[254,352,1260,1286]" captionStart="TABLE 22" captionStartId="48.[151,239,260,284]" captionText="TABLE 22. Measurements in µm of Semikinetoskias dubia Silén, 1941. Lectotype (designated here) UPSZTY 191153D." pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Table 22</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8BDD72B3FF85FFBAFF46FAA31EEAFAEB" box="[151,702,1328,1353]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C3782138FF85FFBAFF46FAA31EEAFAEB" blockId="47.[151,702,1328,1353]" box="[151,702,1328,1353]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E3D70616FF85FFBAFF46FAA31EEAFAEB" box="[151,702,1328,1353]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<treatmentCitation id="42660729FF85FFBAFF46FAA31E73FAEA" author="Silen, L." box="[151,551,1328,1353]" page="114" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" year="1941">
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF85FFBAFF46FAA31E73FAEA" ID-CoL="4WGK4" authority="Silen, 1941: 114" authorityName="Silen" authorityPageNumber="114" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,551,1328,1353]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bugulidae" genus="Semikinetoskias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF85FFBAFF46FAA31D2DFAEB" box="[151,377,1328,1352]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Semikinetoskias dubia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FF85FFBAFEAEFAA31E73FAEA" author="Silen, L." box="[383,551,1328,1353]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 130" refId="ref63698" refString="Silen, L. (1941) Cheilostomata Anasca (Bryozoa) collected by Prof. Dr. Sixten Bock's expedition to Japan and the Bonin Islands 1914. Arkiv for zoologi, 33 A, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1941">Silén, 1941: 114</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 168173.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8BDD72B3FF85FFBAFF46FAE51FC4FA7A" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C3782138FF85FFBAFF46FAE51FC4FA7A" blockId="47.[151,1437,1398,2037]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF85FFBAFF46FAE51DD5FA33" bold="true" box="[151,385,1398,1424]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="73AF2B65FF85FFBAFE58FAE41FAAFA16" collectionCode="UPSZTY" collectorName="Leg. Prof. S. Bock" country="Japan" elevation="350" location="Okinose" municipality="Sagami" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="UPSZTY 191153" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="1C7C9F9AFF85FFBAFE58FAE41DADFA32" box="[393,505,1399,1425]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(designated here)
<specimenCode id="93618943FF85FFBAFD1AFAE41FC6FA32" box="[715,914,1398,1425]" collectionCode="UPSZTY" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">UPSZTY 191153</specimenCode>
D, the best preserved specimens among all the
<typeStatus id="1C7C9F9AFF85FFBAFF46FA081CA9FA16" box="[151,253,1435,1461]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
.
<location id="C61877E3FF85FFBAFED7FA081D32FA16" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B6E902EFF85FFA5FF46FB541899FF76:C61877E3FF85FFBAFED7FA081D32FA16" box="[262,358,1435,1461]" country="Japan" municipality="Sagami" name="Okinose" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Okinose</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="231CBB42FF85FFBAFEA0FA081D9CFA16" box="[369,456,1435,1461]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Sagami</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="BBD061A8FF85FFBAFE03FA081E41FA16" box="[466,533,1435,1461]" name="Japan" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Japan</collectingCountry>
; depth
<quantity id="043F8CDDFF85FFBAFDB5FA081EB1FA16" box="[612,741,1435,1461]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="350.0" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="100.0">
<elevation id="48EAC60BFF85FFBAFDB5FA081EB1FA16" box="[612,741,1435,1461]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="350.0" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="100.0">100600 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
<collectorName id="6E3244EEFF85FFBAFD3EFA081FE9FA16" box="[751,957,1435,1461]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Leg. Prof. S. Bock</collectorName>
1914
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="73AF2B65FF85FFBAFBD9FA081937FA16" box="[1032,1379,1435,1461]" collectionCode="UPSZTY" country="Japan" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="UPSZTY 2472" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<typeStatus id="1C7C9F9AFF85FFBAFBD9FA0818E4FA16" box="[1032,1200,1435,1461]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCode id="93618943FF85FFBAFB68FA081937FA16" box="[1209,1379,1435,1461]" collectionCode="UPSZTY" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">UPSZTY 2472</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
AB,
<materialsCitation id="73AF2B65FF85FFBAFF46FA2C1D35FA79" box="[151,353,1471,1498]" collectionCode="UPSZTY" country="Japan" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="UPSZTY 191152" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<specimenCode id="93618943FF85FFBAFF46FA2C1D09FA79" box="[151,349,1471,1498]" collectionCode="UPSZTY" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">UPSZTY 191152</specimenCode>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="73AF2B65FF85FFBAFEB9FA2C1E79FA79" box="[360,557,1471,1498]" collectionCode="UPSZTY" country="Japan" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="UPSZTY 191153" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<specimenCode id="93618943FF85FFBAFEB9FA2C1E79FA79" box="[360,557,1471,1498]" collectionCode="UPSZTY" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">UPSZTY 191153</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
E, same details as the
<typeStatus id="1C7C9F9AFF85FFBAFCF3FA2C1FD8FA7A" box="[802,908,1471,1497]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8BDD72B3FF85FFBAFF16FA711D97F8C6" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="description">
<paragraph id="C3782138FF85FFBAFF16FA71188CFA5E" blockId="47.[151,1437,1398,2037]" box="[199,1240,1506,1533]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF85FFBAFF16FA711D0DFA5F" bold="true" box="[199,345,1506,1532]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Description.</emphasis>
Colony erect-flexible with bifurcating unilaminar, biserial branches (
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFF85FFBAFBB3FA70189FFA5E" box="[1122,1227,1507,1533]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,518,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-123@48.[151,1436,518,1839]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 24. Semikinetoskias dubia Silén, 1941. Lectotype (designated here) UPSZTY 191153D, Japan.A. General view of the specimen. B. Close-up of two autozooids lacking pedunculate avicularia because detached. C. Close-up of an autozooid with pedunculate avicularium. D. Close-up of avicularium. E. Dorsal side. Scale bars:A = 1 mm; B = 200 µm; C = 120 µm; D = 100 µm; E = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209150/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 24A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C3782138FF85FFBAFF16F9941E71F92E" blockId="47.[151,1437,1398,2037]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Autozooids elongate and slender (mean L/
<geoCoordinate id="A6F347FFFF85FFBAFD71F9941EA1F982" box="[672,757,1543,1569]" degrees="3.09" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" precision="555" value="-3.09">W 3.09</geoCoordinate>
), arranged in alternating biserial rows, proximal end tapered, distal end truncated and slightly convex (
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFF85FFBAFDACF9B81F58F9E6" box="[637,780,1579,1605]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,518,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-123@48.[151,1436,518,1839]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 24. Semikinetoskias dubia Silén, 1941. Lectotype (designated here) UPSZTY 191153D, Japan.A. General view of the specimen. B. Close-up of two autozooids lacking pedunculate avicularia because detached. C. Close-up of an autozooid with pedunculate avicularium. D. Close-up of avicularium. E. Dorsal side. Scale bars:A = 1 mm; B = 200 µm; C = 120 µm; D = 100 µm; E = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209150/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 24B, C</figureCitation>
); frontal surface almost entirely occupied by the frontal membrane and the oval opesia, except for a band of smooth gymnocyst, variable in length from 55 to 250 µm; spines absent; opercular region undefined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C3782138FF85FFBAFF16F90418F4F8BE" blockId="47.[151,1437,1398,2037]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
A single shortly pedunculate birds-head avicularium attached to the external, lateral side of each autozooid at about mid-length close to the opesial margin, placed on a step-like projection (
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFF85FFBAFBCDF92818D1F976" box="[1052,1157,1723,1749]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,518,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-123@48.[151,1436,518,1839]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 24. Semikinetoskias dubia Silén, 1941. Lectotype (designated here) UPSZTY 191153D, Japan.A. General view of the specimen. B. Close-up of two autozooids lacking pedunculate avicularia because detached. C. Close-up of an autozooid with pedunculate avicularium. D. Close-up of avicularium. E. Dorsal side. Scale bars:A = 1 mm; B = 200 µm; C = 120 µm; D = 100 µm; E = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209150/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 24C</figureCitation>
), oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the autozooid, 330 µm long (including the peduncle) by 125 µm wide; rostrum ogival, 190 µm long, directed distally and only slightly hooked downward, mandible also ogival (
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFF85FFBAFBFAF89018C0F8BE" box="[1067,1172,1795,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,518,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-123@48.[151,1436,518,1839]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 24. Semikinetoskias dubia Silén, 1941. Lectotype (designated here) UPSZTY 191153D, Japan.A. General view of the specimen. B. Close-up of two autozooids lacking pedunculate avicularia because detached. C. Close-up of an autozooid with pedunculate avicularium. D. Close-up of avicularium. E. Dorsal side. Scale bars:A = 1 mm; B = 200 µm; C = 120 µm; D = 100 µm; E = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209150/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 24D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C3782138FF85FFBAFF16F8B418CEF8E2" blockId="47.[151,1437,1398,2037]" box="[199,1178,1831,1857]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Dorsal side smooth with a median shallow sinuous furrow marking zooidal boundaries.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C3782138FF85FFBAFF16F8D81D97F8C6" blockId="47.[151,1437,1398,2037]" box="[199,451,1867,1893]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Ovicells not observed.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8BDD72B3FF85FFA5FF16F8FC1899FF76" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C3782138FF85FFA5FF16F8FC1899FF76" blockId="47.[151,1437,1398,2037]" lastBlockId="48.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF85FFBAFF16F8FC1D6FF82A" bold="true" box="[199,315,1903,1929]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Remarks.</emphasis>
This monospecific genus was introduced by
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FF85FFBAFCFEF8FC1FEEF82A" author="Silen, L." box="[815,954,1903,1929]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 130" refId="ref63698" refString="Silen, L. (1941) Cheilostomata Anasca (Bryozoa) collected by Prof. Dr. Sixten Bock's expedition to Japan and the Bonin Islands 1914. Arkiv for zoologi, 33 A, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1941">Silén (1941)</bibRefCitation>
to allocate
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF85FFBAFBEBF8FC18C1F82A" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1941" box="[1082,1173,1903,1929]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bugulidae" genus="Semikinetoskias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF85FFBAFBEBF8FC18C1F82A" box="[1082,1173,1903,1929]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">S. dubia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species with features in between two other genera,
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF85FFBAFE23F8001E86F80E" authority="Oken, 1815" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1815" box="[498,722,1938,1965]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bugulidae" genus="Bugula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF85FFBAFE23F8001E17F80E" box="[498,579,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Bugula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FF85FFBAFD9DF8001E86F80E" author="Oken, L." box="[588,722,1938,1965]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref62493" refString="Oken, L. (1815) Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte. Dritter Theil. Zoologie. Erste Abteilung. Fleischlose Thiere. Reclam, Leipzig, 842 pp." type="book" year="1815">Oken, 1815</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF85FFBAFCDEF8001836F80E" authority="Danielssen, 1868" authorityName="Danielssen" authorityYear="1868" box="[783,1122,1939,1965]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bugulidae" genus="Kinetoskias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF85FFBAFCDEF8001FC6F80E" box="[783,914,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Kinetoskias</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FF85FFBAFC4AF8001836F80E" author="Danielssen, D. C." box="[923,1122,1939,1965]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="23 - 24" refId="ref58217" refString="Danielssen, D. C. (1868) Om to nye Arter Bryozoer. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-selskabet i Christiania, 1867, 23 - 24." type="journal article" year="1868">Danielssen, 1868</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF85FFBAFBA1F8001939F80E" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1941" box="[1136,1389,1939,1965]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bugulidae" genus="Semikinetoskias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF85FFBAFBA1F8001939F80E" box="[1136,1389,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Semikinetoskias dubia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF85FFBAFF46F8241CBCF872" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1815" box="[151,232,1975,2001]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bugulidae" genus="Bugula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF85FFBAFF46F8241CBCF872" box="[151,232,1975,2001]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Bugula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like autozooids and
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF85FFBAFE09F8241E0FF872" authorityName="Danielssen" authorityYear="1868" box="[472,603,1975,2001]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bugulidae" genus="Kinetoskias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF85FFBAFE09F8241E0FF872" box="[472,603,1975,2001]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Kinetoskias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like adventitious, pedunculate avicularia placed on step-like projections. Compared to fig. 173 of
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FF85FFBAFE60F8481E6BF856" author="Silen, L." box="[433,575,2011,2037]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 130" refId="ref63698" refString="Silen, L. (1941) Cheilostomata Anasca (Bryozoa) collected by Prof. Dr. Sixten Bock's expedition to Japan and the Bonin Islands 1914. Arkiv for zoologi, 33 A, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1941">Silén (1941)</bibRefCitation>
, direct observations of the single avicularium preserved attached to the
<typeStatus id="1C7C9F9AFF85FFBAFABDF84819C8F856" box="[1388,1436,2011,2037]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">type</typeStatus>
specimens show that the peduncle is even shorter and can be also positioned parallel to the length of the autozooid (or the longitudinal axis of the branch) (
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFF9AFFA5FD86FF281E89FF76" box="[599,733,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,518,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-123@48.[151,1436,518,1839]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 24. Semikinetoskias dubia Silén, 1941. Lectotype (designated here) UPSZTY 191153D, Japan.A. General view of the specimen. B. Close-up of two autozooids lacking pedunculate avicularia because detached. C. Close-up of an autozooid with pedunculate avicularium. D. Close-up of avicularium. E. Dorsal side. Scale bars:A = 1 mm; B = 200 µm; C = 120 µm; D = 100 µm; E = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209150/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 24C, D</figureCitation>
) in addition to being placed at a right angle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>