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<document id="140E27FF5B17537706E887323E960052" ID-CLB-Dataset="50622" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.172917" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1f9e6baa-d96b-4592-96e4-7d72f76bff8d" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="172917" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459765226775" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Thandar, Ahmed S." docDate="2006" docId="1E5A87CB0A58577FFF3791E5F366F933" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01245p051.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1245" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Psolidium multipes Thandar, 2006, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="E263FFB30A7A575AFE3F9054F023FB15" masterDocTitle="New species and new records of dendrochirotid and dactylochirotid holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from off the east coast of South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="51" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1698222336424" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="EB3EE28BBF3059B2266177BF9F5D1331">New species and new records of dendrochirotid and dactylochirotid holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from off the east coast of South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1FBB6FBE956E77E090B55744FB8A44F0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="75CB0D92A47EB99ACE8794D0762B6EA4">Thandar, Ahmed S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="EBC358070596D80E435BF372BD1923B2">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="8A83CF50C35251CED7BCCDE00423F410" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.172917</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="1E5A87CB0A58577FFF3791E5F366F933" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5674068" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119345898" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5674068" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E5A87CB0A58577FFF3791E5F366F933" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E5A87CB0A58577FFF3791E5F366F933" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<subSubSection id="DEE965560A585778FF3791E5F15BFAFB" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A585778FF3791E5F276FADE" blockId="34.[264,597,433,494]" box="[264,597,433,459]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<heading id="CD0481B10A585778FF3791E5F276FADE" bold="true" box="[264,597,433,459]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="1">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A585778FF3791E5F276FADE" bold="true" box="[264,597,433,459]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="51F34D5E0A585778FF3791E5F1D3FADE" ID-CoL="4PL6J" box="[264,496,433,459]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="multipes" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A585778FF3791E5F1D3FADE" bold="true" box="[264,496,433,459]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Psolidium multipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BFB457B40A585778FFC891E5F276FADE" box="[503,597,433,459]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A585778FF379180F15BFAFB" blockId="34.[264,597,433,494]" box="[264,376,468,494]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<figureCitation id="0EC82A580A585778FF379180F15BFAFB" box="[264,376,468,494]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="35.[264,368,1284,1308]" captionTargetBox="[553,1028,556,1268]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[531,1056,554,1276]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 12. Psolidium multipes sp. nov. Holotype. SAM­A 23175. A. scale from dorsal body wall; B. large­knobbed buttons from ventral body wall; C. small­knobbed buttons from ventral body wall; D. plates from ventral podia; E. rosettes from ventral body wall; F. closed baskets from ventral body wall; G. open baskets from dorsal podia; H. rods and plates from tentacle branches and tips; I. rods from tentacle stalk; J. end­plate from ventral podium; K. stone canal (frontal and lateral view); L. calcareous ring. B – J scale a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172929/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figure 12</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DEE965560A585778FF379270F1DAF8E3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A585778FF379270F15CF928" blockId="34.[264,1325,548,1014]" box="[264,383,548,573]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A585778FF379270F15CF928" box="[264,383,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A585778FF079218F1DAF8E3" blockId="34.[264,1325,548,1014]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Small species,
<typeStatus id="4948887F0A585778FFD49218F271F973" box="[491,594,588,614]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<quantity id="510B9B380A585778FC649218F28DF973" box="[603,686,588,614]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
long; colour in alcohol white. Sole not well defined; oral valves indistinct. Tentacles?10, ventral two reduced. Anal teeth present. About 10 scales between mouth and anus, 8–9 laterally. Dorsal podia distinct, emitting through and between scales; ventral podia crowded, 4–5 rows in each ventro­lateral ambulacrum and 3–4 rows in midventral ambulacrum. Dorsal scales imbricating, complex, multi­layered, up to 1.5 mm long; other dorsal deposits include buttons, baskets and rosettes. Buttons knobbed, 68–84 µm, with 4–6 holes, knobs of various sizes, central ones often united by a half­ring on one side; baskets mostly incomplete; rosettes minute, mulberry­like. Ventral scales also complex but smaller than dorsal ones, up to 660 µm long; other ventral deposits include knobbed buttons, up to 94 µm, with three or more holes and mostly complete baskets and rosettes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DEE965560A585778FF379478F2FBFE4B" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A585778FF379478F11FFF50" blockId="34.[264,495,1068,1134]" box="[264,316,1068,1093]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A585778FF379478F11FFF50" box="[264,316,1068,1093]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<typeStatus id="4948887F0A585778FF379478F11FFF50" box="[264,316,1068,1093]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Type</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A585778FF009400F1CCFF7B" blockId="34.[264,495,1068,1134]" box="[319,495,1108,1134]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">SAM­A23175.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A585778FF3794F0F1BDFFA8" blockId="34.[264,648,1188,1254]" box="[264,414,1188,1213]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A585778FF3794F0F1BDFFA8" box="[264,414,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<typeStatus id="4948887F0A585778FF3794F0F11CFFA8" box="[264,319,1188,1213]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A585778FF009498F2ABFFF3" blockId="34.[264,648,1188,1254]" box="[319,648,1228,1254]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Coconut Bay,
<collectingCountry id="EEE4764D0A585778FFDA9498F2A7FFF3" box="[485,644,1228,1254]" name="Mozambique" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A585778FF379548F1C5FE20" blockId="34.[264,728,1308,1374]" box="[264,486,1308,1333]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A585778FF379548F1C5FE20" box="[264,486,1308,1333]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A585778FF079510F2FBFE4B" blockId="34.[264,728,1308,1374]" box="[312,728,1348,1374]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<typeStatus id="4948887F0A585778FF079510F186FE4B" box="[312,421,1348,1374]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
only, collected
<date id="E24D101D0A585778FC629510F2F7FE4B" box="[605,724,1348,1374]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="1973-05-17">17.v.1973</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A585778FF3795C0F155FEEB" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<table id="E4F3C47D0A58A8A5FF3795C0F509FEEB" box="[264,1322,1428,1534]" gridcols="11" gridrows="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<tr id="28C3349F0A58A8A5FF3795C0F509FEB8" box="[264,1322,1428,1453]" gridrow="0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="6B125DE30A58A8A5FF3795C0F1E9FEB8" box="[264,458,1428,1453]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A585778FF3795C0F1A6FEB8" box="[264,389,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Etymology</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="28C3349F0A58A8A5FF3795E8F509FEC3" box="[264,1322,1468,1494]" gridrow="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<th id="6B125DE30A58A8A5FF3795E8F1E9FEC3" box="[264,458,1468,1494]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">The specific</th>
<td id="6B125DE30A58A8A5FFEA95E8F237FEC3" box="[469,532,1468,1494]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">name</td>
<td id="6B125DE30A58A8A5FC2195E8F242FEC3" box="[542,609,1468,1494]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">refers</td>
<td id="6B125DE30A58A8A5FC5495E8F2A1FEC3" box="[619,642,1468,1494]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">to</td>
<td id="6B125DE30A58A8A5FCB395E8F2FCFEC3" box="[652,735,1468,1494]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">several</td>
<td id="6B125DE30A58A8A5FCD695E8F301FEC3" box="[745,802,1468,1494]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">rows</td>
<td id="6B125DE30A58A8A5FD1295E8F427FEC3" box="[813,1028,1468,1494]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">of well­developed</td>
<td id="6B125DE30A58A8A5FA3195E8F46CFEC3" box="[1038,1103,1468,1494]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">podia</td>
<td id="6B125DE30A58A8A5FA6695E8F4AEFEC3" box="[1113,1165,1468,1494]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">both</td>
<td id="6B125DE30A58A8A5FAA795E8F4D5FEC3" box="[1176,1270,1468,1494]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">dorsally</td>
<td id="6B125DE30A58A8A5FB3F95E8F509FEC3" box="[1280,1322,1468,1494]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">and</td>
</tr>
<tr id="28C3349F0A58A8A5FF3795B0F509FEEB" box="[264,1322,1508,1534]" gridrow="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="6B125DE30A58A8A5FF3795B0F1E9FEEB" box="[264,458,1508,1534]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">ventrally.</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="DEE965560A58577EFF379660F38EFE53" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="description">
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A585778FF379660F1B1FD58" blockId="34.[264,1325,1588,1894]" box="[264,402,1588,1613]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A585778FF379660F1B1FD58" box="[264,402,1588,1613]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A585779FF079608F2E8FAEB" blockId="34.[264,1325,1588,1894]" lastBlockId="35.[264,1321,284,510]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Specimen small, length approximately
<quantity id="510B9B380A585778FD3F9608F376FD63" box="[768,853,1628,1654]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
, width of mid­body about
<quantity id="510B9B380A585778FAB59608F4F2FD63" box="[1162,1233,1628,1654]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
. Colour beige­white mid­dorsally, white elsewhere, including oral and anal ends. Dorsal surface arched, ventral flattened, but sole not clearly defined. Mouth anterior, oral valves indistinct but mouth surrounded by scales appearing as pairs in the five radii; buccal membrane distinct. Tentacles nine, bushy, white, few protruding through mouth, seven well developed, mid­ventral two reduced. Anus situated on a dorsally directed cone, encircled by five calcareous teeth. Dorsal and lateral surfaces invested in large, imbricating scales covered with granules. About 10 scales mid­dorsally, between mouth and anal cone, 8–9 scales laterally. Dorsal podia small, distinct, numerous, scattered, with about 2–3 emitting from each scale but most between scales, spreading to the dorso­lateral radii where they are smaller and fewer. Ventral podia retracted, crowded, in 4–5 rows on each ventro­lateral radius and 3–4 rows in mid­ventral radius, increasing to five mid­ventrally. Ventral suckers well developed, dorsal less so.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C28C66550A595779FF379550F2BCFEDD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172929/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[553,1028,556,1268]" targetPageId="35">
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A595779FF379550F2BCFEDD" blockId="35.[264,1323,1284,1480]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A595779FF379550F1BFFE09" bold="true" box="[264,412,1284,1308]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="51F34D5E0A595779FF989550F25BFE0E" box="[423,632,1284,1307]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="multipes" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A595779FF989550F25BFE0E" box="[423,632,1284,1307]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Psolidium multipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A595779FCBC9550F2FFFE09" bold="true" box="[643,732,1284,1308]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BFB457B40A595779FCBC9550F2FFFE09" box="[643,732,1284,1308]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Holotype. SAM­A23175. A. scale from dorsal body wall; B. large­knobbed buttons from ventral body wall; C. small­knobbed buttons from ventral body wall; D. plates from ventral podia; E. rosettes from ventral body wall; F. closed baskets from ventral body wall; G. open baskets from dorsal podia; H. rods and plates from tentacle branches and tips; I. rods from tentacle stalk; J. end­plate from ventral podium; K. stone canal (frontal and lateral view); L. calcareous ring. B–J scale a.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A595779FF0795A8F44CFC43" blockId="35.[264,1323,1532,1878]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Calcareous ring (
<figureCitation id="0EC82A580A595779FFC195A8F253FD03" box="[510,624,1532,1558]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="35.[264,368,1284,1308]" captionTargetBox="[553,1028,556,1268]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[531,1056,554,1276]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 12. Psolidium multipes sp. nov. Holotype. SAM­A 23175. A. scale from dorsal body wall; B. large­knobbed buttons from ventral body wall; C. small­knobbed buttons from ventral body wall; D. plates from ventral podia; E. rosettes from ventral body wall; F. closed baskets from ventral body wall; G. open baskets from dorsal podia; H. rods and plates from tentacle branches and tips; I. rods from tentacle stalk; J. end­plate from ventral podium; K. stone canal (frontal and lateral view); L. calcareous ring. B – J scale a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172929/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figure 12</figureCitation>
L) well calcified with radial and interradial plates simple, of more or less the same length, the former anteriorly bifid with a concavity for insertion of radial muscle; all plates with a posterior concavity but no posterior processes. Polian vesicle single, bulbous, arising ventrally; stone canal short, only slightly coiled; madreporite (
<figureCitation id="0EC82A580A595779FF9696C8F203FDA3" box="[425,544,1692,1718]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="35.[264,368,1284,1308]" captionTargetBox="[553,1028,556,1268]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[531,1056,554,1276]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 12. Psolidium multipes sp. nov. Holotype. SAM­A 23175. A. scale from dorsal body wall; B. large­knobbed buttons from ventral body wall; C. small­knobbed buttons from ventral body wall; D. plates from ventral podia; E. rosettes from ventral body wall; F. closed baskets from ventral body wall; G. open baskets from dorsal podia; H. rods and plates from tentacle branches and tips; I. rods from tentacle stalk; J. end­plate from ventral podium; K. stone canal (frontal and lateral view); L. calcareous ring. B – J scale a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172929/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figure 12</figureCitation>
K) poorly calcified, lodged in the posterior notch of mid­dorsal interradial plate. Respiratory trees delicate, well branched, both trees extending to anterior end. Gonad (testis) as two tufts of unbranched, white, sausage­like tubules, filling most of body cavity; gonadal stolon short, lodged in dorsal mesentery. Longitudinal muscles unpaired, retractor muscles arise from anterior third of longitudinal bands.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A5E577EFF079148F38EFE53" blockId="36.[264,1323,284,1350]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Dorsal scales (
<figureCitation id="0EC82A580A5E577EFFD79148F27EFA23" box="[488,605,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="35.[264,368,1284,1308]" captionTargetBox="[553,1028,556,1268]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[531,1056,554,1276]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 12. Psolidium multipes sp. nov. Holotype. SAM­A 23175. A. scale from dorsal body wall; B. large­knobbed buttons from ventral body wall; C. small­knobbed buttons from ventral body wall; D. plates from ventral podia; E. rosettes from ventral body wall; F. closed baskets from ventral body wall; G. open baskets from dorsal podia; H. rods and plates from tentacle branches and tips; I. rods from tentacle stalk; J. end­plate from ventral podium; K. stone canal (frontal and lateral view); L. calcareous ring. B – J scale a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172929/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 12</figureCitation>
A) large, up to 1.5 mm long, complex, multi­layered, those surrounding mouth elongated, specialised, up to 1.3 mm long; other dorsal deposits include buttons, baskets and rosettes. Buttons of three
<typeStatus id="4948887F0A5E577EFD929138F3CCFA93" box="[941,1007,364,390]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">types</typeStatus>
: robust ones, 84–113 µm (mean 95 µm), pierced by 4–6 holes, with large knobs and with central knobs developed as a half­ring; other robust buttons, 68–84 µm (mean 76 µm), perforated by usually four (sometimes 2–5) holes, also with large knobs but without half­ring; remaining buttons small, ca. 70 µm, fewer, small­ knobbed and usually perforated by four holes and with varying number of knobs. Baskets in the form of spinose, often cup­like crosses (
<figureCitation id="0EC82A580A5E577EFAE59260F105F963" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="35.[264,368,1284,1308]" captionTargetBox="[553,1028,556,1268]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[531,1056,554,1276]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 12. Psolidium multipes sp. nov. Holotype. SAM­A 23175. A. scale from dorsal body wall; B. large­knobbed buttons from ventral body wall; C. small­knobbed buttons from ventral body wall; D. plates from ventral podia; E. rosettes from ventral body wall; F. closed baskets from ventral body wall; G. open baskets from dorsal podia; H. rods and plates from tentacle branches and tips; I. rods from tentacle stalk; J. end­plate from ventral podium; K. stone canal (frontal and lateral view); L. calcareous ring. B – J scale a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172929/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 12</figureCitation>
G), with spines usually restricted to the branches; complete baskets not detected amongst dorsal deposits. Rosettes minute, mulberry­like. Ventral deposits also comprise complex, multi­layered scales, much smaller (194–660 µm, mean 395 µm) than the dorsal ones, and buttons, baskets and rosettes. Buttons usually small­knobbed (
<figureCitation id="0EC82A580A5E577EFAB49280F525F9FB" box="[1163,1286,724,750]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="35.[264,368,1284,1308]" captionTargetBox="[553,1028,556,1268]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[531,1056,554,1276]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 12. Psolidium multipes sp. nov. Holotype. SAM­A 23175. A. scale from dorsal body wall; B. large­knobbed buttons from ventral body wall; C. small­knobbed buttons from ventral body wall; D. plates from ventral podia; E. rosettes from ventral body wall; F. closed baskets from ventral body wall; G. open baskets from dorsal podia; H. rods and plates from tentacle branches and tips; I. rods from tentacle stalk; J. end­plate from ventral podium; K. stone canal (frontal and lateral view); L. calcareous ring. B – J scale a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172929/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 12</figureCitation>
C), 45–74 µm long (mean 57 µm), with four or more holes and a varying number of knobs; other knobbed buttons fewer but slightly larger (58–94 µm, mean 73 µm), with large knobs and three or more holes (
<figureCitation id="0EC82A580A5E577EFCB49318F320F873" box="[651,771,844,870]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="35.[264,368,1284,1308]" captionTargetBox="[553,1028,556,1268]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[531,1056,554,1276]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 12. Psolidium multipes sp. nov. Holotype. SAM­A 23175. A. scale from dorsal body wall; B. large­knobbed buttons from ventral body wall; C. small­knobbed buttons from ventral body wall; D. plates from ventral podia; E. rosettes from ventral body wall; F. closed baskets from ventral body wall; G. open baskets from dorsal podia; H. rods and plates from tentacle branches and tips; I. rods from tentacle stalk; J. end­plate from ventral podium; K. stone canal (frontal and lateral view); L. calcareous ring. B – J scale a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172929/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 12</figureCitation>
B). Ventral baskets (26–48 µm, mean 38 µm) mostly complete (
<figureCitation id="0EC82A580A5E577EFFE39320F272F89B" box="[476,593,884,910]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="35.[264,368,1284,1308]" captionTargetBox="[553,1028,556,1268]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[531,1056,554,1276]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 12. Psolidium multipes sp. nov. Holotype. SAM­A 23175. A. scale from dorsal body wall; B. large­knobbed buttons from ventral body wall; C. small­knobbed buttons from ventral body wall; D. plates from ventral podia; E. rosettes from ventral body wall; F. closed baskets from ventral body wall; G. open baskets from dorsal podia; H. rods and plates from tentacle branches and tips; I. rods from tentacle stalk; J. end­plate from ventral podium; K. stone canal (frontal and lateral view); L. calcareous ring. B – J scale a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172929/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 12</figureCitation>
F), with spinose margins and surface, few may be incomplete and similar to those of dorsal body wall. Ventral rosettes (
<figureCitation id="0EC82A580A5E577EFD9693C8F438F8A3" box="[937,1051,924,950]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="35.[264,368,1284,1308]" captionTargetBox="[553,1028,556,1268]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[531,1056,554,1276]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 12. Psolidium multipes sp. nov. Holotype. SAM­A 23175. A. scale from dorsal body wall; B. large­knobbed buttons from ventral body wall; C. small­knobbed buttons from ventral body wall; D. plates from ventral podia; E. rosettes from ventral body wall; F. closed baskets from ventral body wall; G. open baskets from dorsal podia; H. rods and plates from tentacle branches and tips; I. rods from tentacle stalk; J. end­plate from ventral podium; K. stone canal (frontal and lateral view); L. calcareous ring. B – J scale a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172929/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 12</figureCitation>
E) 16–39 µm (mean 25 µm), similar to those of dorsal body wall but commoner. Podial deposits (
<figureCitation id="0EC82A580A5E577EFAAA9390F52FF8CB" box="[1173,1292,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="35.[264,368,1284,1308]" captionTargetBox="[553,1028,556,1268]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[531,1056,554,1276]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 12. Psolidium multipes sp. nov. Holotype. SAM­A 23175. A. scale from dorsal body wall; B. large­knobbed buttons from ventral body wall; C. small­knobbed buttons from ventral body wall; D. plates from ventral podia; E. rosettes from ventral body wall; F. closed baskets from ventral body wall; G. open baskets from dorsal podia; H. rods and plates from tentacle branches and tips; I. rods from tentacle stalk; J. end­plate from ventral podium; K. stone canal (frontal and lateral view); L. calcareous ring. B – J scale a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172929/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 12</figureCitation>
D) comprise marginally­knobbed, perforated plates and smooth rods (ventrally 87–184 µm, mean 130 µm; dorsally 74–110 µm, mean 91 µm); dorsal endplates reduced, ventral endplates (
<figureCitation id="0EC82A580A5E577EFFB79468F1DDFF43" box="[392,510,1084,1110]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="35.[264,368,1284,1308]" captionTargetBox="[553,1028,556,1268]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[531,1056,554,1276]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 12. Psolidium multipes sp. nov. Holotype. SAM­A 23175. A. scale from dorsal body wall; B. large­knobbed buttons from ventral body wall; C. small­knobbed buttons from ventral body wall; D. plates from ventral podia; E. rosettes from ventral body wall; F. closed baskets from ventral body wall; G. open baskets from dorsal podia; H. rods and plates from tentacle branches and tips; I. rods from tentacle stalk; J. end­plate from ventral podium; K. stone canal (frontal and lateral view); L. calcareous ring. B – J scale a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172929/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 12</figureCitation>
J) larger (77 µm cf. 187 µm). Tentacle branches with minute plates and perforated rods of varied shapes and sizes (36–187 µm, mean 93 µm) (
<figureCitation id="0EC82A580A5E577EFA4D9430F4C5FF6B" box="[1138,1254,1124,1150]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="35.[264,368,1284,1308]" captionTargetBox="[553,1028,556,1268]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[531,1056,554,1276]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 12. Psolidium multipes sp. nov. Holotype. SAM­A 23175. A. scale from dorsal body wall; B. large­knobbed buttons from ventral body wall; C. small­knobbed buttons from ventral body wall; D. plates from ventral podia; E. rosettes from ventral body wall; F. closed baskets from ventral body wall; G. open baskets from dorsal podia; H. rods and plates from tentacle branches and tips; I. rods from tentacle stalk; J. end­plate from ventral podium; K. stone canal (frontal and lateral view); L. calcareous ring. B – J scale a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172929/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 12</figureCitation>
H), as well as both open and closed rosettes (10–29 µm, mean 17 µm). Tentacle stalks supported by larger rods (265–426 µm, mean 349 µm)(
<figureCitation id="0EC82A580A5E577EFD3194E0F3A6FFDB" box="[782,901,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="35.[264,368,1284,1308]" captionTargetBox="[553,1028,556,1268]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[531,1056,554,1276]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 12. Psolidium multipes sp. nov. Holotype. SAM­A 23175. A. scale from dorsal body wall; B. large­knobbed buttons from ventral body wall; C. small­knobbed buttons from ventral body wall; D. plates from ventral podia; E. rosettes from ventral body wall; F. closed baskets from ventral body wall; G. open baskets from dorsal podia; H. rods and plates from tentacle branches and tips; I. rods from tentacle stalk; J. end­plate from ventral podium; K. stone canal (frontal and lateral view); L. calcareous ring. B – J scale a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172929/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Figure
<date id="E24D101D0A5E577EFD5A94E0F3A6FFDB" box="[869,901,1204,1230]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1912-01">12</date>
</figureCitation>
I). Deposits of the buccal membrane comprise large­knobbed rods (ca 185 µm), perforated with several holes, baskets similar to those of the dorsal body wall but smaller (26–29 µm, mean 27 µm), and closed rosettes (13–26 µm, mean 20 µm). No spicules detected in gonad.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DEE965560A5E577EFF379528F230FEAB" box="[264,531,1404,1470]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A5E577EFF379528F1B4FE80" blockId="36.[264,531,1404,1470]" box="[264,407,1404,1429]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A5E577EFF379528F1B4FE80" box="[264,407,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A5E577EFF0795F0F230FEAB" blockId="36.[264,531,1404,1470]" box="[312,531,1444,1470]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<typeStatus id="4948887F0A5E577EFF0795F0F151FEAB" box="[312,370,1444,1470]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Type</typeStatus>
locality only.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DEE965560A5E577FFF3795A0F366F933" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A5E577EFF3795A0F14DFD18" blockId="36.[264,1323,1524,1870]" box="[264,366,1524,1549]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A5E577EFF3795A0F14DFD18" box="[264,366,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="964C36DD0A5E577FFF079648F366F933" blockId="36.[264,1323,1524,1870]" lastBlockId="37.[264,1325,284,550]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
In the presence of dorsal podia emitting through or between scales, the distribution of the ventral podia and the presence of four distinct
<typeStatus id="4948887F0A5E577EFD639610F3B9FD4B" box="[860,922,1604,1630]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">types</typeStatus>
of body wall deposits besides the scales, this species appears unique. Its body wall deposits come quite close to
<taxonomicName id="51F34D5E0A5E577EFA8B9638F26DFDBB" authority="Ed. Perrier, 1893" authorityName="Ed. Perrier" authorityYear="1893" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ornatum">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A5E577EFA8B9638F148FDB8" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Psolidium ornatum</emphasis>
(Ed.
<bibRefCitation id="F2624B2C0A5E577EFF9496C0F266FDBB" author="Perrier" box="[427,581,1684,1710]" pageId="36" pageNumber="49" refString="Perrier, E. (1893) Description d' une espece nouvelle d' Holothurie bilaterale Georisia ornata E. Perrier. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l' Academie des Sciences, Paris 116, 557 - 560." type="journal article" year="1893">Perrier, 1893</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, re­described by
<bibRefCitation id="F2624B2C0A5E577EFD2A96C0F3DEFDBB" author="Cherbonnier" box="[789,1021,1684,1710]" pageId="36" pageNumber="47" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1988) Faune de Madagascar. Publice sous les auspices du Gouvernment de la Republique Malgache, 70, O. R. S. T. O. M, Paris, 292 pp." type="book" year="1988">Cherbonnier (1988)</bibRefCitation>
from designated
<typeStatus id="4948887F0A5E577EFAF896C0F504FDBB" box="[1223,1319,1684,1710]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
, but the new species differs in its distribution of podia.
<bibRefCitation id="F2624B2C0A5E577EFDFD96E8F492FDC3" author="Cherbonnier" box="[962,1201,1724,1750]" pageId="36" pageNumber="47" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1988) Faune de Madagascar. Publice sous les auspices du Gouvernment de la Republique Malgache, 70, O. R. S. T. O. M, Paris, 292 pp." type="book" year="1988">Cherbonnier (1988)</bibRefCitation>
describes ventro­lateral ambulacra with two rows of podia and the mid­ventral ambulacrum with three rows. Further, in
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A5E577EFC2D9758F2AEFC30" box="[530,653,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P. o r n a t u m</emphasis>
the plates of the calcareous ring appear separate while in the new species, they are partially fused. Hence, the new species appears to be very close to
<taxonomicName id="51F34D5E0A5F577FFF199148F186FA20" box="[294,421,284,309]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ornatum">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A5F577FFF199148F186FA20" box="[294,421,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">P. ornatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but not identical with it. The only other species where the podia are arranged in crowded bands is
<taxonomicName id="51F34D5E0A5F577FFC3D9110F317FA4B" authority="Clark, 1938" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[514,820,324,350]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A5F577FFC3D9110F2BEFA48" box="[514,669,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">P. nigrescens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F2624B2C0A5F577FFC989110F317FA4B" author="Clark" box="[679,820,324,350]" pageId="37" pageNumber="47" refString="Clark, H. L. (1938) Echinoderms from Australia. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 55 (8), 1 - 596." type="journal article" year="1938">Clark, 1938</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from south­east
<collectingCountry id="EEE4764D0A5F577FFA3F9110F44FFA4B" box="[1024,1132,324,350]" name="Australia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Australia</collectingCountry>
and
<taxonomicName id="51F34D5E0A5F577FFA979110F19DFA93" authority="Ludwig (1887)" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1887" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dorsipes">
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A5F577FFA979110F508FA48" box="[1192,1323,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">P. dorsipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F2624B2C0A5F577FFF379138F19DFA93" author="Ludwig" box="[264,446,364,390]" pageId="37" pageNumber="48" refString="Ludwig, H. (1887) Drei Mittheilungen uber alte und neue Holothurienarten. Sitzungsberichte der Koninglichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 2 (54), 1217 - 1244." type="journal article" year="1887">Ludwig (1887)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="EEE4764D0A5F577FFC309138F26CFA93" box="[527,591,364,390]" name="Chile" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Chile</collectingCountry>
and Patagonia. However, the dorsal deposits of the former species are stated to be scarce and also include numerous triradiate bodies. Such bodies are also found in the sole together with knobbed, perforated plates unlike those found in the new species. In
<emphasis id="A487EACF0A5F577FFFF791B0F271FAE8" box="[456,594,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="51F34D5E0A5F577FFFF791B0F26EFAE8" box="[456,589,484,509]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dorsipes">P. dorsipes</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
on the other hand, there are tower­like deposits in the dorsal body wall and the baskets are of a different kind.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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