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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1172-155" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CD2EE59B9D1956F398FE2EAE4C095952" ID-ZooBank="11525B8DBA164EC2A53207DF8F1000EC" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1172-155" checkinTime="1690511057590" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Aalbu, Rolf L., Kanda, Kojun, Merkl, Otto, Ivie, Michael A. &amp; Johnston, M. Andrew" docDate="2023" docId="8910DDAD787A5B9DA09195BEE7E48EC5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1172: 155-202" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1172" docPubDate="2023-07-26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149" docTitle="Phymatestes Pascoe 1866" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="CD2EE59B9D1956F398FE2EAE4C095952" lastPageNumber="155" masterDocId="CD2EE59B9D1956F398FE2EAE4C095952" masterDocTitle="Reconstitution of some tribes and genera of Lagriinae (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae)" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="155" pageNumber="155" updateTime="1690511057590" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="F8145FB0A6EC1628A2C473A6005BDDD8">Reconstitution of some tribes and genera of Lagriinae (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="2E64FD55CCFF5E2A34756CFBF1E88B72" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="C69ACF44203B32B1C8153D43E99B7629" LSID="8910DDAD-787A-5B9D-A091-95BEE7E48EC5" authority="Pascoe, 1866" authorityName="Pascoe" authorityYear="1866" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phymatestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phymatestes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phymatestes Pascoe, 1866</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="140771BDF2042CDD040B5B17D216CEF4" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
<figureCitation id="B71A7E125A4F7781FFA9EC371888696D" captionStart="Figures 2128" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 21 - 28. Dorsal habitus of representatives of Goniaderini genera. 21) Aemymone cariosa Fairmaire 1873 22 Goniadera repanda (Fabricius, 1801) 23 Phymatestes spathifer Gebien, 1928 24 Spinolagriella sp. 25 Opatresthes quadrinodosus Gebien, 1928 26 Xanthicles caraboides Champion, 1886 27 Lyprochelyda sp. 28 Ancylopoma punctigera Pascoe, 1871, holotype. Scale bars: 1 mm (22, 26); 2 mm (19, 23 - 25); 5 mm (20, 21)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149.figures21-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/884417" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Figs 23</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="BBFF7B030B1F642FDEF7A78ACAC041DB" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 29. Dorsal habitus of holotype of Gamaxus hauxwellii Bates, 1868 [= Phymatestes brevicornis (Lacordaire, 1859)]. Scale bar: 2.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/884418" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">, 29</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="75392CDB1D2F86E67B6D760491301DCD" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="E2B43E02B592654CB3BC91EA9FCFB499" authorityName="Pascoe" authorityYear="1866" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phymatestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phymatestes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phymatestes</taxonomicName>
Pascoe, 1866: 142. Type species:
<taxonomicName id="4FDF2D7C3A72CB7F9D3B239E66752F8F" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1792" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Lagria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lagria tuberculata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculata">Lagria tuberculata</taxonomicName>
Fabricius, 1787.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="872562B131BC31012CB388334F0DDB4C" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="DEC274071C3D9633DA61952CC505CBF8" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Gamaxus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gamaxus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">= Gamaxus</taxonomicName>
Bates, 1868: 315. Type species:
<taxonomicName id="9481862255384B8BB7B2A42D8375AF8F" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Gamaxus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gamaxus hauxwellii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hauxwellii">Gamaxus hauxwellii</taxonomicName>
Bates, 1868. syn. rest. (original synonymy by
<bibRefCitation id="00E5AE91F7AD9E8394C48A3ABF6FE16D" author="Gebien, H" journalOrPublisher="Supplementa Entomologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" refId="B55" refString="Gebien, H, 1928. Ueber einige Gruppen amerikanischer Tenebrioniden (Col. Heter.). 2. Teil. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 89: 97-164, 167-234." title="Ueber einige Gruppen amerikanischer Tenebrioniden (Col. Heter.). 2. Teil. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 89: 97 - 164, 167 - 234." year="1928">Gebien 1928</bibRefCitation>
: 191).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6D8E39C01CA14FEFA2E1A2FD4880E5F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" type="notes">
<paragraph id="2772BF2777E3A23CC8DEA644A2A2DBE0" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Note.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D4D43CC1AEF03253CF2D66BDE6DA3379" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
<bibRefCitation id="FBF985302208426F477CC282C49536E5" author="Bates, F" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Musee Royal d'Afrique Centrale" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14787043" refId="B7" refString="Bates, F, 1868. Descriptions of new genera and species of Heteromera. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1868: 259-274, 309-326. [pls 12, 15] https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14787043" title="Descriptions of new genera and species of Heteromera. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1868: 259 - 274, 309 - 326. [pls 12, 15]" url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14787043" year="1868">Bates (1868</bibRefCitation>
: 315) distinguished
<taxonomicName id="D293AF3C24985C212958F2E693900269" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Gamaxus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gamaxus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="23060FCBFC6A14EC3A92B6A9A6970E43" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Gamaxus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="6668B975DD8F9F7A21D88ACF71CE9275" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 29. Dorsal habitus of holotype of Gamaxus hauxwellii Bates, 1868 [= Phymatestes brevicornis (Lacordaire, 1859)]. Scale bar: 2.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/884418" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">29</figureCitation>
) from
<taxonomicName id="0FA2B9C898F7BB01245214AE464462AB" authorityName="Pascoe" authorityYear="1866" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phymatestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phymatestes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="66D4592CEEFBBF61D3F3E8E057702ABF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Phymatestes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="A30EBED54BB707C6293CB5B709E815F6" captionStart="Figures 2128" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 21 - 28. Dorsal habitus of representatives of Goniaderini genera. 21) Aemymone cariosa Fairmaire 1873 22 Goniadera repanda (Fabricius, 1801) 23 Phymatestes spathifer Gebien, 1928 24 Spinolagriella sp. 25 Opatresthes quadrinodosus Gebien, 1928 26 Xanthicles caraboides Champion, 1886 27 Lyprochelyda sp. 28 Ancylopoma punctigera Pascoe, 1871, holotype. Scale bars: 1 mm (22, 26); 2 mm (19, 23 - 25); 5 mm (20, 21)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149.figures21-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/884417" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">23</figureCitation>
) by havinG &quot;shorter antennae with apical antennomeres strongly transverse with some segments being concave&quot;.
<bibRefCitation id="0A55338FD1C58EFAAD6EB0ADA23A5D7B" author="Gebien, H" journalOrPublisher="Supplementa Entomologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" refId="B55" refString="Gebien, H, 1928. Ueber einige Gruppen amerikanischer Tenebrioniden (Col. Heter.). 2. Teil. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 89: 97-164, 167-234." title="Ueber einige Gruppen amerikanischer Tenebrioniden (Col. Heter.). 2. Teil. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 89: 97 - 164, 167 - 234." year="1928">Gebien (1928)</bibRefCitation>
studied non-type material identified as
<taxonomicName id="E97A218BF57B65A559DA1A5BD4A24374" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Gamaxus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gamaxus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AC521EC3E3A9DB88D4342AAD7A820774" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Gamaxus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and concluded that it should be a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="81423D1154A13CCE55443D86F133F040" authorityName="Pascoe" authorityYear="1866" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phymatestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phymatestes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C59EAC7FB35147D5A80EED3A38D3029C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Phymatestes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, stating that it agrees with
<taxonomicName id="C7B6797C9254B93359DDC58295F8B7A5" authorityName="Pascoe" authorityYear="1866" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phymatestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phymatestes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BB4F4219487FFB0C177D0EB955A23AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Phymatestes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in all essential characters. This synonymy was included in the catalog by
<bibRefCitation id="1B335FE020FA801FBA41AE672260A20C" author="Gebien, H" journalOrPublisher="Supplementa Entomologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" refId="B56" refString="Gebien, H, 1941. Katalog der Tenebrioniden. Teil II. Mitteilungen der Muenchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft 31: 331-362 (Kat. 626-657), 803-834 (Kat. 658-689, 1131-1146 (Kat. 690-705)." title="Katalog der Tenebrioniden. Teil II. Mitteilungen der Muenchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft 31: 331 - 362 (Kat. 626 - 657), 803 - 834 (Kat. 658 - 689, 1131 - 1146 (Kat. 690 - 705)." year="1941">Gebien (1941)</bibRefCitation>
and in a subsequent taxonomic study of
<taxonomicName id="8FE2C5170DC1E11BF949ED105C79CFC3" authorityName="Pascoe" authorityYear="1866" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phymatestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phymatestes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C9B3CDF5B656B7D7D349DE0EF485362E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Phymatestes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BE7241F7EF9EA5F27FA893DD6849DFA8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3406/bsef.1998.17446" author="Ferrer, J" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" pagination="373 - 392" refId="B50" refString="Ferrer, J, Moragues, G, 1998. Contribution a la connaissance des Tenebrionidae neotropicaux: le genre Phymatestes Pascoe, 1868 (Coleoptera), 1re partie: le groupe de Ph. tuberculatus. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 103 (4): 373 - 392, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/bsef.1998.17446" title="Contribution a la connaissance des Tenebrionidae neotropicaux: le genre Phymatestes Pascoe, 1868 (Coleoptera), 1 re partie: le groupe de Ph. tuberculatus." url="https://doi.org/10.3406/bsef.1998.17446" volume="103" year="1998">
Ferrer and
<normalizedToken id="96844A3F23DA846373F45B5C8C8FBB46" originalValue="Moraguès">Moragues</normalizedToken>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
). However, several other catalogs and regional lists have treated
<taxonomicName id="8FDD910E85DA2D09A185CDB63769B514" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Gamaxus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gamaxus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1CEE9965F9B6CA279F59EB6EDD1B084D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Gamaxus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as valid (
<bibRefCitation id="587842DE724977F72077ECD9E61AD2D7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.185.3" author="Blackwelder, RE" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin - United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" pagination="343 - 550" refId="B10" refString="Blackwelder, RE, 1945. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 3. Smithsonian Institution. Bulletin - United States National Museum 185: 343 - 550, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.185.3" title="Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 3. Smithsonian Institution." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.185.3" volume="185" year="1945">Blackwelder 1945</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1193F30326420682430A6F28CCCE95B9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2317/kent-88-02-221-228.1" author="Smith, AD" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" pagination="221 - 228" refId="B131" refString="Smith, AD, Giraldo Mendoza, AE, Flores, GE, Aalbu, RL, 2015. Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: A survey of the families. Tenebrionidae. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 88 (2): 221 - 228, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2317/kent-88-02-221-228.1" title="Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: A survey of the families. Tenebrionidae." url="https://doi.org/10.2317/kent-88-02-221-228.1" volume="88" year="2015">Smith et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="17242D632E4357956FED1649BB51B6F3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1050.64217" author="Bouchard, P" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" pagination="1 - 633" refId="B15" refString="Bouchard, P, Bousquet, Y, Aalbu, RL, Alonso-Zarazaga, MA, Merkl, O, Davies, AE, 2021. Review of genus-group names in the family Tenebrionidae (Insecta, Coleoptera). ZooKeys 1050: 1 - 633, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1050.64217" title="Review of genus-group names in the family Tenebrionidae (Insecta, Coleoptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1050.64217" volume="1050" year="2021">Bouchard et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
), although without any justification for reversing the synonymy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DAF3AF1CF88442647BE1E77943137F54" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
During this study, the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="06E8A5BEF7AF88305F563AAEB1502A9D" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Gamaxus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gamaxus hauxwelli" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hauxwelli">
<emphasis id="29A813F37365FA851CF2D6C694D8CBFD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Gamaxus hauxwelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bates, 1868 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="D1E226E167BA89EFF275DF89C2AC7A8C" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 29. Dorsal habitus of holotype of Gamaxus hauxwellii Bates, 1868 [= Phymatestes brevicornis (Lacordaire, 1859)]. Scale bar: 2.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/884418" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">29</figureCitation>
) was examined and the specimen clearly agrees with
<taxonomicName id="D0B6FC2002E4317C9EB40EF5EDA498B2" authorityName="Pascoe" authorityYear="1866" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phymatestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phymatestes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0E4A6AC2A996EA48A5F11E441F4C34A9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Phymatestes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in several important characters. The large body size, parallel form, tuberculate elytra, and femora armed with spines are all consistent with species of
<taxonomicName id="73319E4FD44FF91B9F6DD176EA52611E" authorityName="Pascoe" authorityYear="1866" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phymatestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phymatestes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="224B49380AFEB0AF075880BCA68EBBC9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Phymatestes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Furthermore, the shape of the femora and compact antennal segments are identical with
<taxonomicName id="F8081508AD695A8F2FD4BFE3B4FF9699" lsidName="P. brevicornis" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
<emphasis id="A2D72C4A355E110458DAA81A461FCD59" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">P. brevicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Lacordaire, 1859) and thus
<taxonomicName id="A008B67CB243E4D24BDF73AD35B3E44B" lsidName="G. hauxwelli" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" rank="species" species="hauxwelli">
<emphasis id="51330F839CDE658BC4FE34940DDE198F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">G. hauxwelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bates, 1868 is considered a new synonym of
<taxonomicName id="43C08672BF7A8B607E13AE289A492663" lsidName="P. brevicornis" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
<emphasis id="1CF70273FD444CA06388792B20AF00D6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">P. brevicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Lacordaire, 1859).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DEEDFA171E32B2F07B8DCBFE15F9095E" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1172.103149.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/884418" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" start="Figure 29" startId="F7">
<paragraph id="4EF7AC86B2D867ADE74AD0DF664CFA25" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B96F3259ADA977D299142F17EAA27B02" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Figure 29.</emphasis>
Dorsal habitus of holotype of
<taxonomicName id="C18BE5F46AB3BA909EEA11FD897AA412" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Gamaxus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gamaxus hauxwellii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hauxwellii">
<emphasis id="9C6F701AE1FC0BA6EA0A89CE157CAEA1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Gamaxus hauxwellii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bates, 1868 [=
<taxonomicName id="7A10E0162D09BC87E487A21F1576BA56" authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phymatestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phymatestes brevicornis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
<emphasis id="96DEFF8248CD0376452974A19607557B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Phymatestes brevicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Lacordaire, 1859)]. Scale bar: 2.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>