treatments-xml/data/53/16/88/5316885DF46EFFE0FF0CD7F1FE3CFE54.xml

<document id="123D98A664E387D2AEA9A0540D3F3D4C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4755.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="580ab198-5063-495c-942a-ded7411b93ea" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3736817" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:582379EA-AC62-4699-94BB-43039D068C11" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1585767009414" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Sedlock, Jodi L., Heaney, Lawrence R., Balete, Danilo S. &amp; Ruedi, Manuel" docDate="2020" docId="5316885DF46EFFE0FF0CD7F1FE3CFE54" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4755.3.2.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4755 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Kerivoula pellucida Waterhouse 1854" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="469" masterDocId="AF2FF025F463FFF3FF9BD120FF9BFF87" masterDocTitle="Philippine bats of the genus Kerivoula (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae): Overview and assessment of variation in K. pellucida and K. whiteheadi" masterLastPageNumber="490" masterPageNumber="454" pageNumber="467" updateTime="1698734356980" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="A582D2E24C7320494FE08100787C98A4">Philippine bats of the genus Kerivoula (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae): Overview and assessment of variation in K. pellucida and K. whiteheadi</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A5578FCB9AB5866EEA6328B74B6B9E6D">Heaney, Lawrence R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A1AA60FD4AB957C0DC11F5744392D128">Balete, Danilo S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9A01EB6706A76F394C0221CE11287F26">Ruedi, Manuel</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="5316885DF46EFFE0FF0CD7F1FE3CFE54" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3811832" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163420725" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3811832" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5316885DF46EFFE0FF0CD7F1FE3CFE54" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5316885DF46EFFE0FF0CD7F1FE3CFE54" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="469" pageId="13" pageNumber="467">
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<paragraph id="DB00394BF46EFFFEFF0CD7F1FDFFF96C" blockId="13.[151,612,1745,1772]" box="[151,612,1745,1772]" pageId="13" pageNumber="467">
<heading id="80488E27F46EFFFEFF0CD7F1FDFFF96C" bold="true" box="[151,612,1745,1772]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="467" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46EFFFEFF0CD7F1FDFFF96C" ID-CoL="3R626" authority="Waterhouse 1854" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,612,1745,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46EFFFEFF0CD7F1FDFFF96C" bold="true" box="[151,612,1745,1772]" pageId="13" pageNumber="467">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46EFFFEFF0CD7F1FE1FF96B" bold="true" box="[151,388,1745,1772]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="467">Kerivoula pellucida</emphasis>
Waterhouse 1854
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="93A56AC0F46EFFFEFF0CD639FE5DF8B4" box="[151,454,1816,1843]" pageId="13" pageNumber="467" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DB00394BF46EFFFEFF0CD639FE5DF8B4" blockId="13.[151,1437,1816,2024]" box="[151,454,1816,1843]" pageId="13" pageNumber="467">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46EFFFEFF0CD639FEA2F8B4" bold="true" box="[151,313,1816,1843]" pageId="13" pageNumber="467">
<typeStatus id="040487E9F46EFFFEFF0CD639FF49F8B4" box="[151,210,1817,1843]" pageId="13" pageNumber="467">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="A3A879DBF46EFFFEFEDBD639FE59F8B4" box="[320,450,1817,1843]" name="Philippines" pageId="13" pageNumber="467">Philippines</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="93A56AC0F46EFFFEFF5CD61CFD58F8D0" box="[199,707,1852,1880]" pageId="13" pageNumber="467" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DB00394BF46EFFFEFF5CD61CFD58F8D0" blockId="13.[151,1437,1816,2024]" box="[199,707,1852,1880]" pageId="13" pageNumber="467">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46EFFFEFF5CD61CFE24F8D0" bold="true" box="[199,447,1852,1879]" pageId="13" pageNumber="467">Specimens examined</emphasis>
. Given in 
<figureCitation id="438425CEF46EFFFEFDAFD61DFD24F8D0" box="[564,703,1853,1879]" captionStart="APPENDIX A" captionStartId="31.[151,289,154,178]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="APPENDIX A. List of all Kerivoula specimens examined. Specimens included in morphological analysis and comparisons are in bold. § Holotypes * Paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736846/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="467">Appendix A</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="93A56AC0F46EFFFEFF5CD640FCDAF818" pageId="13" pageNumber="467" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DB00394BF46EFFFEFF5CD640FCDAF818" blockId="13.[151,1437,1816,2024]" pageId="13" pageNumber="467">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46EFFFEFF5CD640FEC2F8FC" bold="true" box="[199,345,1888,1915]" pageId="13" pageNumber="467">Distribution</emphasis>
. Borneo, Java, the Malay Peninsula, the 
<collectingCountry id="A3A879DBF46EFFFEFCB1D641FC33F8FC" box="[810,936,1889,1915]" name="Philippines" pageId="13" pageNumber="467">Philippines</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="197BF7A9F46EFFFEFC23D641FC6CF8FC" box="[952,1015,1889,1915]" country="Philippines" name="Cebu" pageId="13" pageNumber="467">Cebu</collectingRegion>
, Jolo, Mindanao, Mindoro, and 
<collectingRegion id="197BF7A9F46EFFFEFAF8D641FF52F827" country="Philippines" name="Palawan" pageId="13" pageNumber="467">Palawan</collectingRegion>
), and Siberut (
<figureCitation id="438425CEF46EFFFEFEF6D6A5FE29F818" box="[365,434,1925,1951]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1957,1982]" captionTargetBox="[255,1332,181,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[255,1332,181,1931]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Map of the Philippines indicating the collecting localities of Kerivoula pellucida and K. whiteheadi. The land exposed during the Pleistocene Last Glacial Maximum is shown in light green." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736821" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736821/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="467">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
; see also 
<bibRefCitation id="BF2E44BAF46EFFFEFD86D6A5FCAFF818" author="Corbet, G. B. &amp; Hill, J. E." box="[541,820,1924,1951]" pageId="13" pageNumber="467" refId="ref15987" refString="Corbet, G. B. &amp; Hill, J. E. (1992) The Mammals of the Indomalayan Region: A systematic Review. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 488 pp." type="book" year="1992">Corbet &amp; Hill 1992: 154</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="93A56AC0F46EFFFCFF5CD688FB78F98C" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="469" pageId="13" pageNumber="467" type="description">
<paragraph id="DB00394BF46EFFFEFF5CD688FA06F860" blockId="13.[151,1437,1816,2024]" pageId="13" pageNumber="467">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46EFFFEFF5CD688FEC2F844" bold="true" box="[199,345,1960,1987]" pageId="13" pageNumber="467">Description.</emphasis>
Total length 
<quantity id="1C4794AEF46EFFFEFE71D689FDFFF843" box="[490,612,1961,1988]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="9.7" metricValueMin="8.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="467" unit="mm" value="90.0" valueMax="97.0" valueMin="83.0">83–97 mm</quantity>
, tail 
<quantity id="1C4794AEF46EFFFEFD02D688FC88F843" box="[665,787,1960,1988]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="467" unit="mm" value="46.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="43.0">43–50 mm</quantity>
, ear 
<quantity id="1C4794AEF46EFFFEFCDDD688FC4EF843" box="[838,981,1960,1988]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.725" metricValueMax="1.85" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="467" unit="mm" value="17.25" valueMax="18.5" valueMin="16.0">16–18.5 mm</quantity>
, forearm 
<quantity id="1C4794AEF46EFFFEFBA5D688FB78F843" box="[1086,1251,1960,1988]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3150000000000004" metricValueMax="3.5200000000000005" metricValueMin="3.1100000000000003" pageId="13" pageNumber="467" unit="mm" value="33.15" valueMax="35.2" valueMin="31.1">31.1–35.2 mm</quantity>
, tibia 16.6–19.4, mass 4.0– 
<quantity id="1C4794AEF46EFFFEFE91D6ECFEF9F86F" box="[266,354,1996,2024]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="467" unit="mm" value="5.7">5.7 mm</quantity>
(
<tableCitation id="963D0CF0F46EFFFEFEE9D6EDFE57F860" box="[370,460,1997,2023]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,239,487,513]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 4. Mean (± standard deviation) and range of external body measurements (in mm) of K. whiteheadi and K. pellucida. n = sample size" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8FC069C3F473FFE3FF0CD0C7F91AFD86" pageId="13" pageNumber="467" tableUuid="8FC069C3F473FFE3FF0CD0C7F91AFD86">Table 4</tableCitation>
). Dorsal pelage is long and soft with a slightly woolly appearance, and pale reddish-
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB00394BF46DFFFDFF0CD1B9FD79FE54" blockId="14.[151,1437,152,467]" pageId="14" pageNumber="468">
brown buff; hairs slightly paler at base than at tips, lacking distinct color bands; ventral pelage paler (
<figureCitation id="438425CEF46DFFFDFA8FD1B9FA0BFF34" box="[1300,1424,152,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1656,1681]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,489,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[163,1423,489,1631]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Photograph composite of K. pellucida showing the nearly translucent wing membranes (A), pelage color, and ears with tapered tragus (B), membrane attachment on foot and membrane with male gland (C), dorsal (D) and ventral (E) pelage lacking distinct color bands. A: Bohol I. (no voucher); B–C: FMNH 205817, Cebu I.; D–E: FMNH 202785, Bohol I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736828/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="468">Fig. 5D, E</figureCitation>
). The ears are pale brown, and unusually large (
<figureCitation id="438425CEF46DFFFDFD39D19DFC87FF50" box="[674,796,188,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1656,1681]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,489,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[163,1423,489,1631]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Photograph composite of K. pellucida showing the nearly translucent wing membranes (A), pelage color, and ears with tapered tragus (B), membrane attachment on foot and membrane with male gland (C), dorsal (D) and ventral (E) pelage lacking distinct color bands. A: Bohol I. (no voucher); B–C: FMNH 205817, Cebu I.; D–E: FMNH 202785, Bohol I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736828/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="468">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
). A thin scattering of inconspicuous hairs is present over the dorsal surface of the interfemoral membrane, some of which project over its posterior edge (
<figureCitation id="438425CEF46DFFFDFB5ED1C1FA84FF7C" box="[1221,1311,224,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1656,1681]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,489,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[163,1423,489,1631]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Photograph composite of K. pellucida showing the nearly translucent wing membranes (A), pelage color, and ears with tapered tragus (B), membrane attachment on foot and membrane with male gland (C), dorsal (D) and ventral (E) pelage lacking distinct color bands. A: Bohol I. (no voucher); B–C: FMNH 205817, Cebu I.; D–E: FMNH 202785, Bohol I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736828/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="468">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). The wing and tail membranes are very pale brown, nearly translucent (
<figureCitation id="438425CEF46DFFFDFCD3D025FC5EFE98" box="[840,965,260,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1656,1681]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,489,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[163,1423,489,1631]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Photograph composite of K. pellucida showing the nearly translucent wing membranes (A), pelage color, and ears with tapered tragus (B), membrane attachment on foot and membrane with male gland (C), dorsal (D) and ventral (E) pelage lacking distinct color bands. A: Bohol I. (no voucher); B–C: FMNH 205817, Cebu I.; D–E: FMNH 202785, Bohol I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736828/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="468">Fig. 5A, C</figureCitation>
). Tragus long and slender (
<figureCitation id="438425CEF46DFFFDFB61D025FAC8FE98" box="[1274,1363,260,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1656,1681]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,489,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[163,1423,489,1631]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Photograph composite of K. pellucida showing the nearly translucent wing membranes (A), pelage color, and ears with tapered tragus (B), membrane attachment on foot and membrane with male gland (C), dorsal (D) and ventral (E) pelage lacking distinct color bands. A: Bohol I. (no voucher); B–C: FMNH 205817, Cebu I.; D–E: FMNH 202785, Bohol I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736828/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="468">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). Skin is nearly transparent giving the face, wing- and leg bones a reddish-pink hue in live animals. The wing membrane inserts onto the side of the outer toe well above the base, not at its base (
<figureCitation id="438425CEF46DFFFDFC22D06DFB8AFEE0" box="[953,1041,332,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1656,1681]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,489,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[163,1423,489,1631]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Photograph composite of K. pellucida showing the nearly translucent wing membranes (A), pelage color, and ears with tapered tragus (B), membrane attachment on foot and membrane with male gland (C), dorsal (D) and ventral (E) pelage lacking distinct color bands. A: Bohol I. (no voucher); B–C: FMNH 205817, Cebu I.; D–E: FMNH 202785, Bohol I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736828/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="468">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
). There do not appear to be striking regional differences within the 
<collectingCountry id="A3A879DBF46DFFFDFE74D051FDF6FE0C" box="[495,621,369,395]" name="Philippines" pageId="14" pageNumber="468">Philippines</collectingCountry>
in appearance; however, specimens from 
<collectingRegion id="197BF7A9F46DFFFDFBA7D051FB1BFE0C" box="[1084,1152,369,395]" country="Philippines" name="Bohol" pageId="14" pageNumber="468">Bohol</collectingRegion>
are slightly darker brown than those from Mindanao and 
<collectingRegion id="197BF7A9F46DFFFDFE6ED0B5FDAFFE28" box="[501,564,405,431]" country="Philippines" name="Cebu" pageId="14" pageNumber="468">Cebu</collectingRegion>
; those from 
<collectingRegion id="197BF7A9F46DFFFDFD25D0B5FC86FE28" box="[702,797,405,431]" country="Philippines" name="Palawan" pageId="14" pageNumber="468">Palawan</collectingRegion>
are palest. 
<collectingRegion id="197BF7A9F46DFFFDFC07D0B5FC60FE28" box="[924,1019,405,431]" country="Philippines" name="Palawan" pageId="14" pageNumber="468">Palawan</collectingRegion>
specimens have more reddish-brown tips on the dorsum than those from 
<collectingRegion id="197BF7A9F46DFFFDFDBED099FDF2FE54" box="[549,617,441,467]" country="Philippines" name="Bohol" pageId="14" pageNumber="468">Bohol</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion id="197BF7A9F46DFFFDFD3BD099FD44FE54" box="[672,735,441,467]" country="Philippines" name="Cebu" pageId="14" pageNumber="468">Cebu</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46DFFFDFF0CD758FE88F916" bold="true" box="[151,275,1656,1681]" pageId="14" pageNumber="468">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Photograph composite of 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46DFFFDFD85D75AFD01F916" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1854" box="[542,666,1657,1681]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46DFFFDFD85D75AFD01F916" box="[542,666,1657,1681]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="468">K. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showing the nearly translucent wing membranes (A), pelage color, and ears with tapered tragus (B), membrane attachment on foot and membrane with male gland (C), dorsal (D) and ventral (E) pelage lacking distinct color bands. A: Bohol I. (no voucher); B–C: FMNH 205817, Cebu I.; D–E: FMNH 202785, Bohol I.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DB00394BF46DFFFCFF5CD627FA14FE0C" blockId="14.[151,1437,1798,2042]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,153,2015]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="469" pageId="14" pageNumber="468">
Skull as shown in 
<figureCitation id="438425CEF46DFFFDFE08D627FE6FF8A6" box="[403,500,1799,1825]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1965,1990]" captionTargetBox="[321,1266,181,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[321,1266,181,1940]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6. Scanning electron microscope images of K. pellucida cranium and mandible, FMNH 202782 from Bohol Island, Philippines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736830/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="468">Figure 6</figureCitation>
. GTL14.06–15.03, CCL 
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, GBB 
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, BH 
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, PC 2.98–3.15, C–M 
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<quantity id="1C4794AEF46DFFFDFE17D60AFDA8F8C1" box="[396,563,1834,1862]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.84" metricValueMax="6.05" metricValueMin="5.63" pageId="14" pageNumber="468" unit="mm" value="5.84" valueMax="6.05" valueMin="5.63">5.63–6.05 mm</quantity>
, M 
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–M 
<superScript id="2CCA9403F46DFFFDFD13D60AFD3FF8BF" attach="left" box="[648,676,1834,1848]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="468">2ext</superScript>
<quantity id="1C4794AEF46DFFFDFD36D60AFCC8F8C1" box="[685,851,1834,1862]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.02" metricValueMax="5.16" metricValueMin="4.88" pageId="14" pageNumber="468" unit="mm" value="5.02" valueMax="5.16" valueMin="4.88">4.88–5.16 mm</quantity>
, C 
<superScript id="2CCA9403F46DFFFDFCE8D60AFCE0F8BF" attach="left" box="[883,891,1834,1848]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="468">1</superScript>
–C 
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<quantity id="1C4794AEF46DFFFDFC36D60BFBCFF8C1" box="[941,1108,1835,1862]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.74" metricValueMax="1.86" metricValueMin="1.62" pageId="14" pageNumber="468" unit="mm" value="1.74" valueMax="1.86" valueMin="1.62">1.62–1.86 mm</quantity>
, C–M 
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<quantity id="1C4794AEF46DFFFDFB30D60AFAC9F8C1" box="[1195,1362,1834,1862]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.275" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="6.05" pageId="14" pageNumber="468" unit="mm" value="6.275" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="6.05">6.05–6.50 mm</quantity>
, MDL 
<quantity id="1C4794AEF46DFFFDFF0CD66FFECCF8ED" box="[151,343,1871,1898]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0675" metricValueMax="1.116" metricValueMin="1.019" pageId="14" pageNumber="468" unit="mm" value="10.675" valueMax="11.16" valueMin="10.19">10.19–11.16 mm</quantity>
(
<tableCitation id="963D0CF0F46DFFFDFEFDD66FFE27F8EE" box="[358,444,1871,1897]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,459,485]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Mean (± standard deviation) and range of cranial-dental measurements of adult K. whiteheadi and K. pellucida, and comparison groups. Holotypes indicated with an asterisk. n = sample size" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8FC069C3F466FFF6FF0CD0EBFE00FD8E" pageId="14" pageNumber="468" tableUuid="8FC069C3F466FFF6FF0CD0EBFE00FD8E">Table 1</tableCitation>
). The skull is narrow with a highly inflated braincase that forms a steep forehead. The post-palatal region extends far posterior to the molar tooth row, and the bullar cochleae are moderately large. The upper tooth rows are slightly convergent anteriorly. Infraorbital canal is short, above P 
<superScript id="2CCA9403F46DFFFDFBC6D6B6FBFEF823" attach="left" box="[1117,1125,1942,1956]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="468">3</superScript>
to middle of M 
<superScript id="2CCA9403F46DFFFDFA8FD6B6FA87F823" attach="left" box="[1300,1308,1942,1956]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="468">1</superScript>
. The upper incisors are conical; the first upper incisor is more than twice the height of the second upper incisor, which is often separated from the canine by a narrow space. The first lower incisor (
<figureCitation id="438425CEF46DFFFDFC39D6FFFC6CF87D" box="[930,1015,2015,2042]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1213,1238]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,489,1189]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1435,489,1189]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Scanning electron microscope images of upper toothrow and lower incisors of K. pellucida (FMNH 202782, A and B) and K. whiteheadi (FMNH 214092, C and D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736832/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="468">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
) usually has four cusps (occasionally three), the second has three cusps, and the third has two prominent cusps and usually a third (at the posterior edge). The upper and lower canines are high and conical with a cingulum that extends from the anterior edge lingually to the posterior margin, about twice the height of the first premolars. The first upper premolar is nearly circular in outline, and the second is slightly compressed laterally (
<figureCitation id="438425CEF46CFFFCFD46D025FCAEFE98" box="[733,821,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1213,1238]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,489,1189]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1435,489,1189]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Scanning electron microscope images of upper toothrow and lower incisors of K. pellucida (FMNH 202782, A and B) and K. whiteheadi (FMNH 214092, C and D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736832/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). The third upper premolar is partially molariform, with a broad lingual shelf. The first lower premolar is roughly circular in outline only slightly compressed laterally; the second and third are more compressed laterally, but not strongly so. The upper and lower molars are typical for the genus (
<bibRefCitation id="BF2E44BAF46CFFFCFF7CD051FECCFE0C" author="Hill, J. E." box="[231,343,368,395]" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" pagination="524 - 556" refId="ref17527" refString="Hill, J. E. (1965) Asiatic bats of the genera Kerivoula and Phoniscus (Vespertilionidae), with a note on Kerivoula aerosa Tomes. Mammalia, 29, 524 - 556. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / mamm. 1965.29.4.524" type="journal article" year="1965">Hill 1965</bibRefCitation>
). Philippine specimens are slightly larger than a small series from 
<collectingCountry id="A3A879DBF46CFFFCFBA4D051FB3DFE0C" box="[1087,1190,369,395]" name="Malaysia" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="438425CEF46CFFFCFB2ED051FB62FE0C" box="[1205,1273,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1182,1207]" captionTargetBox="[177,1413,279,1153]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[170,1417,273,1157]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bivariate plot of condylo-canine length vs. height of braincase for specimens of Kerivoula summarized in Tables 1 and 3. Color indicates geographic region and symbol indicates taxon. Philippine specimens of each taxon are enclosed within polygons." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736824" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736824/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="963D0CF0F46CFFFCFA9ED051FAF8FE0C" box="[1285,1379,369,395]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,459,485]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Mean (± standard deviation) and range of cranial-dental measurements of adult K. whiteheadi and K. pellucida, and comparison groups. Holotypes indicated with an asterisk. n = sample size" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8FC069C3F466FFF6FF0CD0EBFE00FD8E" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" tableUuid="8FC069C3F466FFF6FF0CD0EBFE00FD8E">Tables 1</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="963D0CF0F46CFFFCFAEAD051FA19FE0C" box="[1393,1410,369,395]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,239,487,513]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 4. Mean (± standard deviation) and range of external body measurements (in mm) of K. whiteheadi and K. pellucida. n = sample size" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8FC069C3F473FFE3FF0CD0C7F91AFD86" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" tableUuid="8FC069C3F473FFE3FF0CD0C7F91AFD86">4</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB00394BF46CFFFCFF5CD0B4FCEEFCBC" blockId="15.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFF5CD0B4FEFDFE28" bold="true" box="[199,358,404,431]" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">Comparisons</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFEEFD0B5FDC8FE28" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1854" box="[372,595,405,431]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFEEFD0B5FDC8FE28" box="[372,595,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">Kerivoula pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFD7CD0B6FC18FE28" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1894" box="[743,899,405,431]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="whiteheadi">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFD7CD0B6FC18FE28" box="[743,899,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. whiteheadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having dorsal and ventral pelage that is paler at the base than at the tips (
<figureCitation id="438425CEF46CFFFCFE54D099FDD3FE54" box="[463,584,440,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1656,1681]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,489,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[163,1423,489,1631]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Photograph composite of K. pellucida showing the nearly translucent wing membranes (A), pelage color, and ears with tapered tragus (B), membrane attachment on foot and membrane with male gland (C), dorsal (D) and ventral (E) pelage lacking distinct color bands. A: Bohol I. (no voucher); B–C: FMNH 205817, Cebu I.; D–E: FMNH 202785, Bohol I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736828/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">Fig. 5D, E</figureCitation>
) (rather than dark at the base), reddish-brown at the tips, and slightly paler at mid-shaft, giving a tri-banded appearance. The wing and interfemoral membranes of 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFBE4D0FEFA92FE70" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1854" box="[1151,1289,477,503]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFBE4D0FEFA92FE70" box="[1151,1289,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are pale and nearly transparent, rather than moderately dark brown as those of 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFCEFD322FB8BFD9C" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1894" box="[884,1040,513,539]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="whiteheadi">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFCEFD322FB8BFD9C" box="[884,1040,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. whiteheadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The tail membrane of 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFA8FD322FA07FD9C" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1854" box="[1300,1436,513,539]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFA8FD322FA07FD9C" box="[1300,1436,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has shorter, less conspicuous hairs (though still few and scattered) than that of 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFB90D306FB3CFDB8" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1894" box="[1035,1191,549,575]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="whiteheadi">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFB90D306FB3CFDB8" box="[1035,1191,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. whiteheadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The wing membrane inserts up onto the side of the toe (
<figureCitation id="438425CEF46CFFFCFD8DD369FDF6FDE4" box="[534,621,584,611]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1656,1681]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,489,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[163,1423,489,1631]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Photograph composite of K. pellucida showing the nearly translucent wing membranes (A), pelage color, and ears with tapered tragus (B), membrane attachment on foot and membrane with male gland (C), dorsal (D) and ventral (E) pelage lacking distinct color bands. A: Bohol I. (no voucher); B–C: FMNH 205817, Cebu I.; D–E: FMNH 202785, Bohol I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736828/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
), rather than at the base of the outer toe. Most individuals of 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFA8FD36AFA07FDE4" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1854" box="[1300,1436,585,611]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFA8FD36AFA07FDE4" box="[1300,1436,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have greater total length than in 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFE65D34EFD02FD00" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1894" box="[510,665,621,647]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="whiteheadi">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFE65D34EFD02FD00" box="[510,665,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. whiteheadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but much of this is due to having a longer tail (at least 
<quantity id="1C4794AEF46CFFFCFA9BD34DFACBFD00" box="[1280,1360,621,647]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" unit="mm" value="43.0">43 mm</quantity>
, rather than 
<quantity id="1C4794AEF46CFFFCFF4BD3B1FEBBFD2C" box="[208,288,657,683]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" unit="mm" value="41.0">41 mm</quantity>
or less). The forearm is typically longer (usually 32 or more, rather than 
<quantity id="1C4794AEF46CFFFCFBFFD3B1FB2EFD2C" box="[1124,1205,657,683]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" unit="mm" value="31.0">31 mm</quantity>
or less), and the ear averages longer, though there is overlap (
<tableCitation id="963D0CF0F46CFFFCFDF6D395FD5DFD48" box="[621,710,693,719]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,239,487,513]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 4. Mean (± standard deviation) and range of external body measurements (in mm) of K. whiteheadi and K. pellucida. n = sample size" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8FC069C3F473FFE3FF0CD0C7F91AFD86" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" tableUuid="8FC069C3F473FFE3FF0CD0C7F91AFD86">Table 4</tableCitation>
). The rostrum, palate, and braincase of 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFB10D396FA8EFD48" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1854" box="[1163,1301,693,719]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFB10D396FB05FD48" box="[1163,1182,694,719]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFB36D395FA8EFD48" box="[1197,1301,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are proportionately broader than those of 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFE6FD3FAFD14FD74" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1894" box="[500,655,729,755]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="whiteheadi">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFE6FD3FAFD14FD74" box="[500,655,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. whiteheadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="438425CEF46CFFFCFD05D3F9FD78FD73" box="[670,739,729,756]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1965,1990]" captionTargetBox="[321,1266,181,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[321,1266,181,1940]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6. Scanning electron microscope images of K. pellucida cranium and mandible, FMNH 202782 from Bohol Island, Philippines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736830/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
), the upper and lower premolars are less laterally compressed, there is more space between the molars lingually in 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFD48D3DEFCC0FC90" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1854" box="[723,859,765,791]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFD48D3DEFCC0FC90" box="[723,859,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the toothrows are typically longer (
<figureCitation id="438425CEF46CFFFCFA81D3DDFAC6FC90" box="[1306,1373,765,791]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1213,1238]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,489,1189]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1435,489,1189]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Scanning electron microscope images of upper toothrow and lower incisors of K. pellucida (FMNH 202782, A and B) and K. whiteheadi (FMNH 214092, C and D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736832/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). The posterior palatal extension in 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFE79D202FDF0FCBC" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1854" box="[482,619,801,827]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFE79D202FE6EFCBC" box="[482,501,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFD98D201FDF0FCBC" box="[515,619,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is longer and narrower.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB00394BF46CFFFCFF5CD265FBC6FAB4" blockId="15.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFF5CD265FE3CFCD8" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1854" box="[199,423,837,863]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFF5CD265FE3CFCD8" box="[199,423,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">Kerivoula pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the Philippine 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFD7ED266FCE5FCD8" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[741,894,837,863]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFD7ED266FD63FCD8" box="[741,760,838,863]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFC9CD265FCE5FCD8" box="[775,894,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">hardwickii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(i.e., 
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFC5AD266FC40FCD8" box="[961,987,838,863]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K.</emphasis>
“ 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFC74D265FBFDFCD8" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1007,1126,837,863]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFC74D265FBFDFCD8" box="[1007,1126,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">hardwickii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A” and 
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFB5DD266FB7AFCD8" box="[1222,1249,838,863]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K.</emphasis>
“ 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFB6ED265FAF7FCD8" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1269,1388,837,863]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFB6ED265FAF7FCD8" box="[1269,1388,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">hardwickii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
B”) in having larger and more pointed ears (rather than smaller and rounded; 
<bibRefCitation id="BF2E44BAF46CFFFCFC54D249FB3CFC04" author="Heaney, L. R. &amp; Dolar, M. L. &amp; Balete, D. S. &amp; Esselstyn, J. A. &amp; Rickart, E. A. &amp; Sedlock, J. L." box="[975,1191,873,899]" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" refId="ref17091" refString="Heaney, L. R., Dolar, M. L., Balete, D. S., Esselstyn, J. A., Rickart, E. A. &amp; Sedlock, J. L. (2010) Synopsis of Philippine Mammals. Available from: http: // www. fieldmuseum. org / philippine _ mammals / (accessed 8 May 2019)" type="url" year="2010">
Heaney 
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFBB7D24AFBFEFC04" box="[1068,1125,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="BF2E44BAF46CFFFCFB29D249FB74FC03" author="Heaney, L. R. &amp; Balete, D. S. &amp; Rickart, E. A." box="[1202,1263,873,900]" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" refId="ref17242" refString="Heaney, L. R., Balete, D. S. &amp; Rickart, E. A. (2016) The Mammals of Luzon Island: Biogeography and Natural History of a Philippine Fauna. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. xi + 287 pp." type="book" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
). The pelage of 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFF0CD2AEFEBBFC20" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,288,909,935]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFF0CD2AEFEBBFC20" box="[151,288,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is paler at the base of each hair (
<figureCitation id="438425CEF46CFFFCFD09D2ADFC90FC20" box="[658,779,908,935]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1656,1681]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,489,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[163,1423,489,1631]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Photograph composite of K. pellucida showing the nearly translucent wing membranes (A), pelage color, and ears with tapered tragus (B), membrane attachment on foot and membrane with male gland (C), dorsal (D) and ventral (E) pelage lacking distinct color bands. A: Bohol I. (no voucher); B–C: FMNH 205817, Cebu I.; D–E: FMNH 202785, Bohol I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736828/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">Fig. 5D, E</figureCitation>
), rather than much darker at the base. Wing membranes of 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFF0CD292FEBBFC4C" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,288,945,971]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFF0CD292FEBBFC4C" box="[151,288,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are pale and nearly transparent (
<figureCitation id="438425CEF46CFFFCFD16D291FD7EFC4C" box="[653,741,944,971]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1656,1681]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,489,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[163,1423,489,1631]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Photograph composite of K. pellucida showing the nearly translucent wing membranes (A), pelage color, and ears with tapered tragus (B), membrane attachment on foot and membrane with male gland (C), dorsal (D) and ventral (E) pelage lacking distinct color bands. A: Bohol I. (no voucher); B–C: FMNH 205817, Cebu I.; D–E: FMNH 202785, Bohol I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736828/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
), rather than moderately dark brown and not transparent. Skin over the wing bones on individuals in the 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFDE9D2F6FC91FC68" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[626,778,981,1007]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFDE9D2F6FC91FC68" box="[626,778,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. hardwickii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group are darkly pigmented, not nearly transparent giving the bones the appearance of white stripes in preserved specimens and a pinkish hue in live animals, as in 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFAD5D2DAFF46FBB0" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1854" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFAD5D2DAFF46FBB0" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Hairs on the tail membrane of Philippine 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFD27D53EFCCFFBB0" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[700,852,1053,1079]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFD27D53EFCCFFBB0" box="[700,852,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. hardwickii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are very sparse and short, but a fringe of short hairs is often visible along the posterior edge. The wing membranes attach at the base of the outer toe, not part way up as in 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFF28D546FEA0FBF8" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1854" box="[179,315,1125,1151]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFF28D546FEA0FBF8" box="[179,315,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="438425CEF46CFFFCFED1D545FE04FBF8" box="[330,415,1124,1151]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1656,1681]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,489,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[163,1423,489,1631]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Photograph composite of K. pellucida showing the nearly translucent wing membranes (A), pelage color, and ears with tapered tragus (B), membrane attachment on foot and membrane with male gland (C), dorsal (D) and ventral (E) pelage lacking distinct color bands. A: Bohol I. (no voucher); B–C: FMNH 205817, Cebu I.; D–E: FMNH 202785, Bohol I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736828/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
). The average total length of 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFD7DD546FCF5FBF8" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1854" box="[742,878,1125,1151]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFD7DD546FCF5FBF8" box="[742,878,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="1C4794AEF46CFFFCFCE6D545FC78FBF8" box="[893,995,1125,1151]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.14" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" unit="mm" value="91.4">91.4 mm</quantity>
) is longer than 
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFB15D546FAAEFBF8" box="[1166,1333,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">
K. “ 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFB23D545FAAEFBF8" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1208,1333,1125,1151]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">hardwickii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
A” (
<quantity id="1C4794AEF46CFFFCFAF1D545FF5FFB24" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.28" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" unit="mm" value="82.8">82.8 mm</quantity>
) and 
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFE9ED5AAFE84FB24" box="[261,287,1162,1187]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K.</emphasis>
“ 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFEA8D5A9FE31FB24" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[307,426,1161,1187]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFEA8D5A9FE31FB24" box="[307,426,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">hardwickii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
B” (85.0 mm); but the average forearm length of 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFC78D5AAFBF6FB24" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1854" box="[995,1133,1161,1187]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFC78D5AAFBF6FB24" box="[995,1133,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="1C4794AEF46CFFFCFBE6D5A9FB7FFB24" box="[1149,1252,1161,1187]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.29" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" unit="mm" value="32.9">32.9 mm</quantity>
) is similar to 
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFA18D5AAFA06FB24" box="[1411,1437,1162,1187]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K.</emphasis>
“ 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFF3FD58DFE80FB40" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[164,283,1197,1223]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFF3FD58DFE80FB40" box="[164,283,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">hardwickii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A” (33.0 mm) and smaller than 
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFD1BD58EFD01FB40" box="[640,666,1198,1223]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K.</emphasis>
“ 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFD37D58DFCB8FB40" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[684,803,1197,1223]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFD37D58DFCB8FB40" box="[684,803,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">hardwickii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
B” (35.0 mm) (
<tableCitation id="963D0CF0F46CFFFCFC49D58DFBB2FB40" box="[978,1065,1197,1223]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,239,487,513]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 4. Mean (± standard deviation) and range of external body measurements (in mm) of K. whiteheadi and K. pellucida. n = sample size" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8FC069C3F473FFE3FF0CD0C7F91AFD86" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" tableUuid="8FC069C3F473FFE3FF0CD0C7F91AFD86">Table 4</tableCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="BF2E44BAF46CFFFCFBAFD58DFA92FB40" author="Heaney, L. R. &amp; Dolar, M. L. &amp; Balete, D. S. &amp; Esselstyn, J. A. &amp; Rickart, E. A. &amp; Sedlock, J. L." box="[1076,1289,1197,1223]" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" refId="ref17091" refString="Heaney, L. R., Dolar, M. L., Balete, D. S., Esselstyn, J. A., Rickart, E. A. &amp; Sedlock, J. L. (2010) Synopsis of Philippine Mammals. Available from: http: // www. fieldmuseum. org / philippine _ mammals / (accessed 8 May 2019)" type="url" year="2010">
Heaney 
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFB0BD58EFB5CFB40" box="[1168,1223,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
; unpublished data). The skull in 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFEFCD5F2FE74FB6C" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1854" box="[359,495,1233,1259]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFEFCD5F2FE74FB6C" box="[359,495,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is generally proportionately longer and narrower than Philippine 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFB52D5F2FAFBFB6C" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1225,1376,1233,1259]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFB52D5F2FAFBFB6C" box="[1225,1376,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. hardwickii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="438425CEF46CFFFCFAF4D5F1FF3CFA88" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1980,2005]" captionTargetBox="[400,1188,181,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[400,1188,181,1955]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Photographs of K. hardwickii cranium and mandible, FMNH 202779 from Bohol Island, Philippines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736834/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). The post-palatal extension of Philippine 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFD13D5D6FCBAFA88" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[648,801,1269,1295]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFD13D5D6FCBAFA88" box="[648,801,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. hardwickii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is broader and shorter than that of 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFB34D5D6FAA2FA88" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1854" box="[1199,1337,1269,1295]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFB34D5D6FAA2FA88" box="[1199,1337,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Finally, the palate is proportionately narrower in 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFDFBD43AFD72FAB4" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1854" box="[608,745,1305,1331]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFDFBD43AFD72FAB4" box="[608,745,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in Philippine 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFC25D43AFBCDFAB4" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[958,1110,1305,1331]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFC25D43AFBCDFAB4" box="[958,1110,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. hardwickii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB00394BF46CFFFCFF5CD41DFB78F98C" blockId="15.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFF5CD41DFE3CFAD0" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1854" box="[199,423,1341,1367]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFF5CD41DFE3CFAD0" box="[199,423,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">Kerivoula pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from Philippine 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFD2CD41EFCDBFAD0" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[695,832,1341,1367]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papillosa">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFD2CD41EFCDBFAD0" box="[695,832,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. papillosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in being much smaller in all respects (
<figureCitation id="438425CEF46CFFFCFB6ED41DFAA2FAD0" box="[1269,1337,1341,1367]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1182,1207]" captionTargetBox="[177,1413,279,1153]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[170,1417,273,1157]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bivariate plot of condylo-canine length vs. height of braincase for specimens of Kerivoula summarized in Tables 1 and 3. Color indicates geographic region and symbol indicates taxon. Philippine specimens of each taxon are enclosed within polygons." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736824" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736824/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="BF2E44BAF46CFFFCFADCD41DFE8EFAFC" author="Heaney, L. R. &amp; Dolar, M. L. &amp; Balete, D. S. &amp; Esselstyn, J. A. &amp; Rickart, E. A. &amp; Sedlock, J. L." pageId="15" pageNumber="469" refId="ref17091" refString="Heaney, L. R., Dolar, M. L., Balete, D. S., Esselstyn, J. A., Rickart, E. A. &amp; Sedlock, J. L. (2010) Synopsis of Philippine Mammals. Available from: http: // www. fieldmuseum. org / philippine _ mammals / (accessed 8 May 2019)" type="url" year="2010">
Heaney 
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFF0CD442FF4AFAFC" box="[151,209,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="BF2E44BAF46CFFFCFEB9D441FEC4FAFB" author="Heaney, L. R. &amp; Balete, D. S. &amp; Rickart, E. A." box="[290,351,1377,1404]" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" refId="ref17242" refString="Heaney, L. R., Balete, D. S. &amp; Rickart, E. A. (2016) The Mammals of Luzon Island: Biogeography and Natural History of a Philippine Fauna. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. xi + 287 pp." type="book" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
); the average forearm length of 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFD4BD442FCC0FAFC" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1854" box="[720,859,1377,1403]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFD4BD442FCC0FAFC" box="[720,859,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 
<quantity id="1C4794AEF46CFFFCFC1BD441FC7EFAFC" box="[896,997,1377,1403]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.29" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" unit="mm" value="32.9">32.9 mm</quantity>
compared to 
<quantity id="1C4794AEF46CFFFCFB1FD441FB71FAFC" box="[1156,1258,1377,1403]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.26" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" unit="mm" value="42.6">42.6 mm</quantity>
in 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFA8AD442FA07FAFC" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1297,1436,1377,1403]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papillosa">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFA8AD442FA07FAFC" box="[1297,1436,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. papillosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BF2E44BAF46CFFFCFF04D4A5FEE1FA18" author="Heaney, L. R. &amp; Dolar, M. L. &amp; Balete, D. S. &amp; Esselstyn, J. A. &amp; Rickart, E. A. &amp; Sedlock, J. L." box="[159,378,1413,1439]" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" refId="ref17091" refString="Heaney, L. R., Dolar, M. L., Balete, D. S., Esselstyn, J. A., Rickart, E. A. &amp; Sedlock, J. L. (2010) Synopsis of Philippine Mammals. Available from: http: // www. fieldmuseum. org / philippine _ mammals / (accessed 8 May 2019)" type="url" year="2010">
Heaney 
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFF65D4A6FEACFA18" box="[254,311,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
; unpublished data). The pelage of 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFC9BD4A6FC11FA18" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1854" box="[768,906,1413,1439]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFC9BD4A6FC11FA18" box="[768,906,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is much paler overall than 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFB24D4A6FAD2FA18" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1215,1353,1413,1439]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papillosa">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFB24D4A6FAD2FA18" box="[1215,1353,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. papillosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is a dark brown. The skull is smaller and more delicate, with conspicuously narrower rostrum, palate, and braincase (
<figureCitation id="438425CEF46CFFFCFF04D4EDFF75FA60" box="[159,238,1485,1511]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1965,1990]" captionTargetBox="[321,1266,181,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[321,1266,181,1940]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6. Scanning electron microscope images of K. pellucida cranium and mandible, FMNH 202782 from Bohol Island, Philippines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736830/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="438425CEF46CFFFCFF62D4EDFE92FA60" box="[249,265,1485,1511]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1983,2008]" captionTargetBox="[394,1193,181,1957]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[394,1193,181,1957]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Photographs of K. papillosa cranium and mandible, FMNH 205342 from Luzon Island, Philippines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736836" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736836/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">9</figureCitation>
). The second upper incisor reaches only one-third toward the tip of the first incisor, rather than more than halfway (
<figureCitation id="438425CEF46CFFFCFE9AD4D1FE1EF98C" box="[257,389,1521,1547]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1213,1238]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,489,1189]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1435,489,1189]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Scanning electron microscope images of upper toothrow and lower incisors of K. pellucida (FMNH 202782, A and B) and K. whiteheadi (FMNH 214092, C and D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736832/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">Figs. 7A, B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="438425CEF46CFFFCFE0AD4D1FE7FF98C" box="[401,484,1521,1547]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="23.[151,250,906,931]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,881]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1435,181,881]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 10. Photographs of upper toothrow and lower incisors of K. hardwickii (FMNH 202779, A and B) and K. papillosa (FMNH 205342, C and D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736838/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">10A, B</figureCitation>
). All of the premolars and molars are proportionately more massive.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="93A56AC0F46CFFE0FF5CD734FE3CFE54" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="473" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="DB00394BF46CFFFCFF5CD734FAB8F938" blockId="15.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFF5CD734FEF8F9A8" bold="true" box="[199,355,1556,1583]" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">Echolocation</emphasis>
. Philippine 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFE73D736FDEBF9A8" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1854" box="[488,624,1557,1583]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFE73D736FDEBF9A8" box="[488,624,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(4 individuals from Bohol, 1 from Cebu) have extremely broadband (132 kHz), short duration (2 ms), high frequency (peak = 138 kHz) calls similar to those recorded in Peninsular 
<collectingCountry id="A3A879DBF46CFFFCFAADD719FA06F9D4" box="[1334,1437,1593,1619]" name="Malaysia" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="438425CEF46CFFFCFF3BD77DFF6BF9F0" box="[160,240,1629,1655]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1900,1925]" captionTargetBox="[162,1422,997,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[157,1430,989,1875]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Power spectra, waveform and spectrograms of representative K. pellucida and K. whiteheadi calls (frequency in kilohertz on y-axis, time in milliseconds on x-axis; FFT 512)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736840" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736840/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="963D0CF0F46CFFFCFF60D77DFED4F9F0" box="[251,335,1628,1655]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="20.[151,239,1666,1690]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="TABLE 5. Mean ± standard deviation and range of five call parameter measurements of Philippine Kerivoula pellucida and K. whiteheadi. Descriptions of measurements given in methods. p-values represent results of Welch’s t-test comparing species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8FC069C3F477FFE7FF0CD7A2FE8FF964" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" tableUuid="8FC069C3F477FFE7FF0CD7A2FE8FF964">Table 5</tableCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="BF2E44BAF46CFFFCFEC0D77DFDDBF9F0" author="Kingston, T. &amp; Jones, G. &amp; Akbar, Z. &amp; Kunz, T. H." box="[347,576,1629,1655]" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" pagination="359 - 374" refId="ref18195" refString="Kingston, T., Jones, G., Akbar, Z. &amp; Kunz, T. H. (1999) Echolocation signal design in Kerivoulinae and Murininae (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Malaysia. Journal of Zoology, 249, 359 - 374. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0952836999009917" type="journal article" year="1999">
Kingston 
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFE53D77EFE64F9F0" box="[456,511,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">et al.</emphasis>
1999
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="BF2E44BAF46CFFFCFDD1D77DFCD8F9F0" author="Schmieder, D. A. &amp; Kingston, T. &amp; Hashim, R. &amp; Siemers, B. M." box="[586,835,1629,1655]" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" pagination="604 - 609" refId="ref19371" refString="Schmieder, D. A., Kingston, T., Hashim, R. &amp; Siemers, B. M. (2010) Breaking the trade-off: rainforest bats maximize bandwidth and repetition rate of echolocation calls as they approach prey. Biology Letters, 6, 604 - 609. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rsbl. 2010.0114" type="journal article" year="2010">
Schmieder 
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFD53D77EFC9BF9F0" box="[712,768,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
). They are also similar to those of Philippine 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFAADD77EFF4EF91C" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1894" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="whiteheadi">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFAADD77EFF4EF91C" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. whiteheadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with respect to peak frequency, although 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFD30D7A2FCA8F91C" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1854" box="[683,819,1665,1691]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFD30D7A2FCA8F91C" box="[683,819,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
calls had a broader bandwidth (
<tableCitation id="963D0CF0F46CFFFCFB01D7A1FB6AF91C" box="[1178,1265,1664,1691]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="20.[151,239,1666,1690]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="TABLE 5. Mean ± standard deviation and range of five call parameter measurements of Philippine Kerivoula pellucida and K. whiteheadi. Descriptions of measurements given in methods. p-values represent results of Welch’s t-test comparing species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8FC069C3F477FFE7FF0CD7A2FE8FF964" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" tableUuid="8FC069C3F477FFE7FF0CD7A2FE8FF964">Table 5</tableCitation>
). Both species’ calls start at a similarly high frequency (194 kHz), but 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFD66D786FC1EF938" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1854" box="[765,901,1701,1727]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFD66D786FC1EF938" box="[765,901,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
calls terminate at a lower frequency.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB00394BF46CFFE0FF5CD7E9FE3CFE54" blockId="15.[151,1437,153,2015]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,153,467]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="473" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFF5CD7E9FEBDF964" bold="true" box="[199,294,1737,1763]" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">Ecology</emphasis>
. In the 
<collectingCountry id="A3A879DBF46CFFFCFE1FD7E9FD9EF964" box="[388,517,1737,1763]" name="Philippines" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F46CFFFCFD89D7EAFD05F964" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1854" box="[530,670,1737,1763]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFD89D7EAFD05F964" box="[530,670,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">K. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occupies a broad range of elevations (sea level to about 
<quantity id="1C4794AEF46CFFFCFAAFD7E9FA14F964" box="[1332,1423,1737,1763]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
), though most records are from below 
<specimenCount id="CDB9F2C2F46CFFFCFDB5D7CDFDE0F880" box="[558,635,1773,1799]" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" type="generic">
<quantity id="1C4794AEF46CFFFCFDB5D7CDFDECF880" box="[558,631,1773,1799]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
They also occupy a wide range of habitats; examples include an isolated patch of second growth forest surrounded by vegetable farms on 
<collectingRegion id="197BF7A9F46CFFFCFC1BD631FC20F8AC" box="[896,955,1809,1835]" country="Philippines" name="Cebu" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">Cebu</collectingRegion>
Island, disturbed second growth forest on limestone on 
<collectingRegion id="197BF7A9F46CFFFCFEAAD615FEEEF8C8" box="[305,373,1845,1871]" country="Philippines" name="Bohol" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">Bohol</collectingRegion>
Island, and pristine montane forest on Mindanao Island. Its roosting habits are poorly known in the 
<collectingCountry id="A3A879DBF46CFFFCFF44D679FEFBF8F4" box="[223,352,1881,1907]" name="Philippines" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, but one adult female with a suckling young was captured by hand from dried banana leaves on 
<collectingRegion id="197BF7A9F46CFFFCFF0CD65DFF6DF810" box="[151,246,1917,1943]" country="Philippines" name="Palawan" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">Palawan</collectingRegion>
Island (J. Esselstyn, pers. com.). 
<bibRefCitation id="BF2E44BAF46CFFFCFDE8D65DFCD0F810" author="Payne, J. &amp; Francis C. M. &amp; Phillipps, K." box="[627,843,1916,1943]" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" refId="ref18713" refString="Payne, J., Francis C. M. &amp; Phillipps, K. 1985. A field guide to the mammals of Borneo. Sabah Society, Kota Kinabalu, 332 pp." type="book" year="1985">
Payne 
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F46CFFFCFD5BD65EFD62F810" box="[704,761,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">et al.</emphasis>
(1985)
</bibRefCitation>
also reported it roosting in dried banana leaves, and 
<bibRefCitation id="BF2E44BAF46CFFFCFF0CD681FEC8F83B" author="Kingston, T. &amp; Boo Liat, L. &amp; Akbar, Z." box="[151,339,1953,1980]" pageId="15" pageNumber="469" refId="ref18255" refString="Kingston, T., Boo Liat, L. &amp; Akbar, Z. (2006) Bats of Krau Wildlife Reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 141 pp." type="book" year="2006">Kingston (2006)</bibRefCitation>
reported a group roosting in a clutter of dead understory leaves. In Peninsular 
<collectingCountry id="A3A879DBF46CFFFCFB6FD681FAC6F83C" box="[1268,1373,1953,1979]" name="Malaysia" pageId="15" pageNumber="469">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, they roost in small groups of up to 15 individuals and appear to have small home ranges, evidenced by short recapture distances (&lt;
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) and distinct “hot spots” of high genetic autocorrelation among individuals (
<bibRefCitation id="BF2E44BAF470FFE0FB2FD1B9FA0AFF34" author="Rossiter, S. J. &amp; Zubaid, A. &amp; Mohd-Adnan, A. &amp; Struebig, M. J. &amp; Kunz, T. H. &amp; Gopal, S. &amp; Petit, E. J. &amp; Kingston, T." box="[1204,1425,153,179]" pageId="19" pageNumber="473" pagination="647 - 661" refId="ref19081" refString="Rossiter, S. J., Zubaid, A., Mohd-Adnan, A., Struebig, M. J., Kunz, T. H., Gopal, S., Petit, E. J. &amp; Kingston, T. (2012) Social organization and genetic structure: Insights from codistributed bat populations. Molecular Ecology, 21, 647 - 661. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 X. 2011.05391. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
Rossiter 
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F470FFE0FA83D1BAFAD4FF34" box="[1304,1359,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="473">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
). On Bohol Island, on three occasions, multiple individuals were captured either in the same or adjacent harp traps simultaneously, usually a male and a female (Sedlock 
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F470FFE0FC9DD1C2FCDBFF7C" box="[774,832,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="473">et al.</emphasis>
2014). In Peninsular 
<collectingCountry id="A3A879DBF470FFE0FBA2D1C1FB39FF7C" box="[1081,1186,225,251]" name="Malaysia" pageId="19" pageNumber="473">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="1CBF42C8F470FFE0FB2BD1C2FAA1FF7C" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1854" box="[1200,1338,225,251]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F470FFE0FB2BD1C2FAA1FF7C" box="[1200,1338,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="473">K. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibits asynchronous reproduction giving birth throughout the year, although the highest proportion of pregnant individuals was captured during the rainy season when insect abundance was highest (
<bibRefCitation id="BF2E44BAF470FFE0FC50D009FB5AFEC4" author="Nurul-Ain, E. &amp; Rosli, H. &amp; Kingston, T." box="[971,1217,297,323]" pageId="19" pageNumber="473" pagination="382 - 394" refId="ref18568" refString="Nurul-Ain, E., Rosli, H. &amp; Kingston, T. (2017) Resource availability and roosting ecology shape reproductive phenology of rain forest insectivorous bats. Biotropica, 49, 382 - 394. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / btp. 12430" type="journal article" year="2017">
Nurul-Ain 
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F470FFE0FBD3D00AFBE4FEC4" box="[1096,1151,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="473">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
). In the 
<collectingCountry id="A3A879DBF470FFE0FA8CD009FA03FEC4" box="[1303,1432,297,323]" name="Philippines" pageId="19" pageNumber="473">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, five lactating females were captured in July, during the rainy season (Sedlock 
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F470FFE0FBBAD06EFBC7FEE0" box="[1057,1116,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="473">et al.</emphasis>
2014), and one female was captured with a suckling young in late March (J. Esselstyn, pers. com.). Its echolocation behavior is highly adapted for distinguishing prey from background clutter at close range allowing it to forage within the forest understory (
<bibRefCitation id="BF2E44BAF470FFE0FF04D099FE00FE54" author="Schmieder, D. A. &amp; Kingston, T. &amp; Hashim, R. &amp; Siemers, B. M." box="[159,411,441,467]" pageId="19" pageNumber="473" pagination="1043 - 1053" refId="ref19437" refString="Schmieder, D. A., Kingston, T., Hashim, R. &amp; Siemers, B. M. (2012) Sensory constraints on prey detection performance in an ensemble of vespertilionid understorey rain forest bats. Sensory constraints on prey detection performance in an ensemble of vespertilionid understorey rain forest bats. Functional Ecology, 26, 1043 - 1053. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2435.2012.02024. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
Schmieder 
<emphasis id="E9CBE559F470FFE0FE84D09AFEC3FE54" box="[287,344,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="473">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>