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<document id="6FD81C77E4BEF846D05947CE23E9485A" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.207804" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8684b849-1584-4b07-b57e-deb02d601928" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="207804" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460269171735" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bennett, Gordon M &amp; O’Grady, Patrick M" docDate="2011" docId="03EB1E0BFC66986007A1CAC67768685E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02805p025.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2805" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Nesophrosyne broussaisiai" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FFD26673FC68986F0736CC4372636C09" masterDocTitle="Review of the native Hawaiian leafhopper genus Nesophrosyne (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) with description of eight new species associated with Broussaisia arguta (Hydrangeaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="25" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1698246339251" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="9F2AB5F63F5DC268066943CC8A85EE41">Review of the native Hawaiian leafhopper genus Nesophrosyne (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) with description of eight new species associated with Broussaisia arguta (Hydrangeaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="107733C26DC6DBEFED90C2B1D7D89E98">Bennett, Gordon M</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D18838F0D9C43AA832E67421B0334C34">O’Grady, Patrick M</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="4255091C30113240AB7C6C3EC8C70866">2011</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03EB1E0BFC66986007A1CAC67768685E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6182598" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119394706" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6182598" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EB1E0BFC66986007A1CAC67768685E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB1E0BFC66986007A1CAC67768685E" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<subSubSection id="C358FC96FC66986107A1CAC673146AC9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFDAF1DFC66986107A1CAC670606A96" blockId="14.[151,515,1669,1728]" box="[151,515,1669,1695]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="D0B51871FC66986107A1CAC670606A96" bold="true" box="[151,515,1669,1695]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B936730FFC66986107A1CAC670606A96" bold="true" box="[151,515,1669,1695]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC66986107A1CAC6734B6A96" ID-CoL="8RM7F" box="[151,296,1669,1695]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="broussaisiai">
<emphasis id="B936730FFC66986107A1CAC6734B6A96" bold="true" box="[151,296,1669,1695]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">broussaisiai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species subgroup
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFDAF1DFC66986107A1CAEB73146AC9" blockId="14.[151,515,1669,1728]" box="[151,375,1704,1728]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
(
<figureCitation id="1379B398FC66986107A9CAEB728F6AC9" box="[159,236,1704,1728]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,546,1298]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,546,1299]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Dorsal habitus of the species comprising the kanawao species group: A. N. broussaisiai, B. N. ogradyi, C. N. kaupoi, D. N. kanawao, and E. N. aakokohaikea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207811/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
a–c &amp; 8a–g)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C358FC96FC66986107A1CAA9761D6B62" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFDAF1DFC66986107A1CAA9761D6B62" blockId="14.[151,1436,1770,2003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B936730FFC66986107A1CAA973726B0A" bold="true" box="[151,273,1770,1795]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Dark species with conspicuous, highly variable pale coloration on clavus, ranging from entirely pale to a central oval saddle mark anteriorally flanked by pale blotches. Pronotum with posterior half pale. Pygofer with apex at 3/4 height from base; without basal lobe; dorsal edge depressed. Aedeagus with arms widening at mid length, showing an angular bend; apical processes absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC669861040CCB1771C56B62" box="[826,934,1875,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaupoi">
<emphasis id="B936730FFC669861040CCB1771C56B62" box="[826,934,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">N. kaupoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Endemic to Maui.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C358FC96FC66986007F1CB3670946DEE" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFDAF1DFC66986007F1CB36776A6CDB" blockId="14.[151,1436,1770,2003]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,151,1111]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B936730FFC66986107F1CB3673DF6B84" bold="true" box="[199,444,1909,1934]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Description.
<emphasis id="B936730FFC6698610669CB3573DF6B84" bold="true" box="[351,444,1910,1933]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dorsum</emphasis>
</emphasis>
: Dark species with conspicuous and variable pale coloration on clavus. Crown predominately black with variable central pale mark at apex and a thin pale line along posterior margin. Pronotum dark with posterior pale band up to 1/2 width. Mesonotum dark. Scutellum pale. Clavus with saddle mark ranging in pale pigmentation; darkest forms with only a central round saddle mark, usually anteriorally flanked by lateral pale marks variable in size and color; palest forms with clavus appearing entirely pale with posterior angles dark.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFDAF1DFC67986007F3CC9D73D06D1E" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1111]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B936730FFC67986007F3CC9D736E6CFC" bold="true" box="[197,269,222,245]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Venter</emphasis>
: Pleurites largely pale with variable central dark patches. Legs almost entirely pale; hind tibiae dark along anteroventral edge.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFDAF1DFC67986007F3CD6170946DEE" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1111]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B936730FFC67986007F3CD6173536D32" bold="true" box="[197,304,290,315]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Genitalia</emphasis>
: Pygofer apex bluntly rounded and turned slightly dorsad, rising 3/4 height from base; without basal lobe; posterior-dorsal edge depressed from slight to completely concave; dorsal edge flat, tapering towards anterior end; 13–15 macrosete. Aedeagus with arms widening at mid-length, showing an angular bend in ventral view; apical processes absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC67986006AACDCF706B6DAA" box="[412,520,395,419]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaupoi">
<emphasis id="B936730FFC67986006AACDCF706B6DAA" box="[412,520,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">N. kaupoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Style large; posterior hooks comparatively thick; preapical lobe, sloping towards anterior end, rest of medial lobe rounded; posterior arm towards connective curving mesad, ‘s’ like. Connective anterior ends or arms curving, slightly hooked laterad.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C358FC96FC67986007F1CDB176596E03" box="[199,1082,498,523]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFDAF1DFC67986007F1CDB176596E03" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1111]" box="[199,1082,498,523]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B936730FFC67986007F1CDB173036E02" bold="true" box="[199,352,498,523]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F355EF8DFC6798600651CDB173C06E03" box="[359,419,498,522]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">USA</collectingCountry>
: Hawaiian Islands, Maui,
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–
<quantity id="4CBA02F8FC6798600420CDB171066E03" box="[790,869,498,522]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.08" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="2080.0">2080m</quantity>
, wet forest (
<figureCitation id="1379B398FC67986004D8CDB176526E03" box="[1006,1073,498,522]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1734,1757]" captionTargetBox="[151,1329,193,1707]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1708]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Partitioned Maximum Likelihood phylogeny of Nesophrosyne (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) species reconstructed in RAxML-VI-HPC v 7.2.5 under a GTR + I + Γ likelihood model with 100 bootstrap partitions. Gene partitions are according to the mitochondrial genome (COII, 16 s) and nuclear genome (H 3, Wingless). Subsections A &amp; B highlight species relationships of newly described species occurring on the host plant Broussaisia arguta. A) Silhouette of full Maximum Likelihood phylogeny results. B) Nesophrosyne heopoko’s associated with other species on Kaua’i. C) Relationships of the species within the kanawao species group on Maui and Hawai’i. The numbers above branches are bootstrap support values." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207807/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C358FC96FC67986007F1CE5676086E27" box="[199,1131,533,558]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BFDAF1DFC67986007F1CE5676086E27" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1111]" box="[199,1131,533,558]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B936730FFC67986007F1CE56732D6E24" bold="true" box="[199,334,533,557]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Etymology.</emphasis>
This species subgroup is named after the
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC6798600415CE5571C56E24" box="[803,934,534,557]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hydrangeaceae" genus="Broussaisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936730FFC6798600415CE5571C56E24" box="[803,934,534,557]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Broussaisia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
host plant genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C358FC96FC67986007F1CE747768685E" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFDAF1DFC67986007F1CE74732E6EF4" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1111]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B936730FFC67986007F1CE74732F6E59" bold="true" box="[199,332,567,592]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Discussion.</emphasis>
We describe three sibling species from Maui occurring on
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC67986004C5CE7A76AB6E59" box="[1011,1224,569,592]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hydrangeaceae" genus="Broussaisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arguta">
<emphasis id="B936730FFC67986004C5CE7A76AB6E59" box="[1011,1224,569,592]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Broussaisia arguta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Genetic evidence demonstrates unique, reciprocally monophyletic evolutionary lineages with relatively high sequence divergence occurring on West Maui, East Maui
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC679860051FCE3E70FA6E9C" box="[553,665,637,661]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haleakala">Haleakalā</taxonomicName>
windward face, and East Maui
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC67986004CECE3E760B6E9C" box="[1016,1128,637,661]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haleakala">Haleakalā</taxonomicName>
leeward face (Kaupo Gap). COII percent sequence divergence for these geographic ranges are as follows (Table 1):
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC679860035ACEDC76BF6EBE" box="[1132,1244,671,695]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haleakala">Haleakalā</taxonomicName>
windward face –
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC67986007A1CE8173646ED3" box="[151,263,706,730]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haleakala">Haleakalā</taxonomicName>
leeward face = 11.24%;
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC679860052BCE8170EE6ED3" box="[541,653,706,730]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haleakala">Haleakalā</taxonomicName>
windward face – West Maui = 4.22%; and,
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC679860034FCE81768A6ED3" box="[1145,1257,706,730]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haleakala">Haleakalā</taxonomicName>
leeward – West Maui = 10.57%.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFDAF1DFC67986007F3CF44713D6FA3" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1111]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Morphologically, these species can be difficult to distinguish, but some external characteristics combined with geographic information are adequate to separate them. In general, West Maui represents a darker form than the both East Maui species, overlapping with
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC679860050CCF0D70D16F6C" box="[570,690,845,869]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ogradyi">
<emphasis id="B936730FFC679860050CCF0D70D16F6C" box="[570,690,845,869]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">N. ogradyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
variants.
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC6798600414CF0D71F36F6C" box="[802,912,845,869]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaupoi">
<emphasis id="B936730FFC6798600414CF0D71F36F6C" box="[802,912,845,869]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">N. kaupoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
overlaps in color with the paler variants of
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC67986002B4CF0D728D6F81" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ogradyi">
<emphasis id="B936730FFC67986002B4CF0D728D6F81" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">N. ogradyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC6798600637CF3373956F81" box="[257,502,880,904]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaupoi">
<emphasis id="B936730FFC6798600637CF3373956F81" box="[257,502,880,904]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nesophrosyne kaupoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs at higher elevation (~
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) than the other described species (
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–
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), which corresponds to the upper elevation of
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC67986005D8CFD771346FA2" box="[750,855,916,939]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hydrangeaceae" genus="Broussaisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arguta">
<emphasis id="B936730FFC67986005D8CFD771346FA2" box="[750,855,916,939]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. arguta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFDAF1DFC67986007F3CFF67768685E" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1111]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
The geographic structuring of these species provides unique insight into the potential evolutionary mechanisms that may contribute to the diversification of the genus.
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC67986005CCCF9471096FE6" box="[762,874,983,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haleakala">Haleakalā</taxonomicName>
leeward, due to its inhospitable geographic divide across
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC67986007D5CFB97330681B" box="[227,339,1018,1042]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haleakala">Haleakalā</taxonomicName>
crater, high elevation, or differences in precipitation (or a confluence of all), may contribute to the genetic isolation and speciation of
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC679860051CC85E70AB683C" box="[554,712,1053,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936730FFC679860051CC85E70AB683C" box="[554,712,1053,1077]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nesophrosyne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in this range. The distance, precipitation change and elevation change going from West Maui to East Maui are sufficient to maintain isolation between these species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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