230 lines
28 KiB
XML
230 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="6F9F1BB31AD11710D507687F0522A230" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.174523" ID-GBIF-Dataset="98f1f6af-5b4a-4375-aa8c-5e755359f5df" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="174523" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459784389820" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hancock, E. Geoffrey, Marcos-Garcia, M-Angeles & Rotheray, Graham E." docDate="2006" docId="F2211673D34DA42C5436FA5D0500134B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01351p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1351" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Ptychoptera alexanderi Hancock, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="0E186E0BD34CA429553EFF9C010C1105" masterDocTitle="Ptychopteridae — a family of flies (Diptera) new to the Neotropical Region and description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="61" pageNumber="62" updateTime="1698218298708" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="385F6C68BEFAB1FB172649EA5882181C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3E5E9645C30F9CD1644B656282A968BF">
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<mods:title id="BAFC64B2EEC80558E617BF5DBC8DF2A2">Ptychopteridae — a family of flies (Diptera) new to the Neotropical Region and description of a new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="3056FC73084DBB9AED6D6080C8A59DEB" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="542422798B042450C8D60534B8FE5164">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="68C9E50741335FDE133CB07E8FA1361C">Hancock, E. Geoffrey</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="E50DBB653652399C92D572BE12219FC3" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="6687F7C1BBD366E7334D7343B172D7E2">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D2E5EEF52B69103115690B3420101813">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F8CB862A1237D2F2D566084962DEEF57">Marcos-Garcia, M-Angeles</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="5A525B2DA7714A75739C267E1B31CEFA" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="D7C1A30C779D227425A5C3701BCACE06">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6A5CFAC468E370902373B24D09C3D085">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="80554E2AA015D41EB923439721C9E619">Rotheray, Graham E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D455A9425950A5D88372081E3914E1A0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A71BE4C16E074BD0EB496306A4692D23">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="3687768186D3E9AAC29298C7D776609A">
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<mods:date id="0068D19C01A4E476C7064CF029D87EFB">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="808B2A8D490C174C70EE8FC136ECB090" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="528B64A1102CA3FBFFEB3F6F0FD238F3">1351</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="06243DCD3476CFBBBE55FF5343AF7F84">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9E078D610A893F853CAEF8F550421C43" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.174523</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="336DCE4CE6D73D8898A2A4C10FE80FA4" type="GBIF-Dataset">98f1f6af-5b4a-4375-aa8c-5e755359f5df</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3DBE483BD25F260964F57FCF05EF114E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="78D6A8E8688FCBF372072D50D4CE2111" type="Zenodo-Dep">174523</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F2211673D34DA42C5436FA5D0500134B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6262000" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119348743" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6262000" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F2211673D34DA42C5436FA5D0500134B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F2211673D34DA42C5436FA5D0500134B" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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<subSubSection id="3292F4EED34DA4285436FA5D03F014DE" box="[264,764,1473,1499]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7A37A765D34DA4285436FA5D03F014DE" blockId="1.[264,764,1473,1499]" box="[264,764,1473,1499]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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<heading id="217F1009D34DA4285436FA5D03F014DE" bold="true" box="[264,764,1473,1499]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="48FC7B77D34DA4285436FA5D03F014DE" bold="true" box="[264,764,1473,1499]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName id="BD88DCE6D34DA4285436FA5D039B14DE" ID-CoL="78N7H" authority="Hancock" authorityName="Hancock" box="[264,663,1473,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alexanderi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="48FC7B77D34DA4285436FA5D032D14DE" bold="true" box="[264,545,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Ptychoptera alexanderi</emphasis>
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Hancock
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="53CFC60CD34DA42857A0FA5D03F014DE" box="[670,764,1473,1499]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3292F4EED34DA42B5436F99002E4128B" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="7A37A765D34DA42B5436F99002E4128B" blockId="1.[264,1323,1548,1897]" lastBlockId="2.[264,1323,284,1876]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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<emphasis id="48FC7B77D34DA4285436F99000841723" bold="true" box="[264,392,1548,1574]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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This species of
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<taxonomicName id="BD88DCE6D34DA4285766F99003EB1720" box="[600,743,1548,1573]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="48FC7B77D34DA4285766F99003EB1720" box="[600,743,1548,1573]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Ptychoptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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shares the general morphological characters of other known species but exhibits a unique combination of a number of features. The most obvious is the slender male antennae being nearly the same length as the body. This is achieved by the basal flagellomere being twice the length of each of the three or four following flagellomeres, which are about 10 times as long as wide. By comparison, the Nearctic species have these same flagellomeres only two to three times their own width. The clypeus of both sexes is swollen.
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<collectingCountry id="029FE7F5D34DA42857F2F96003E11613" box="[716,749,1788,1814]" name="American Samoa" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">As</collectingCountry>
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in the majority of western Nearctic species, this new species has cross vein r-m meeting R4 + R5, whereas in the two eastern species,
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<taxonomicName id="BD88DCE6D34DA428502BF8B800E4166C" authority="Say" authorityName="Say" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrifasciata">
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<emphasis id="48FC7B77D34DA428502BF8B800BF166D" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">P. quadrifasciata</emphasis>
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Say
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="BD88DCE6D34DA428571BF8D3022F166C" authority="Alexander" authorityName="Alexander" box="[549,803,1871,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osceola">
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<emphasis id="48FC7B77D34DA428571BF8D30392166D" box="[549,670,1871,1896]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">P. osceola</emphasis>
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Alexander
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</taxonomicName>
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, r-m meets Rs before the fork. The wing is strongly patterned with three dark curved bands and a short apical band that marks the upper internal edge of the apical patch. The central pair of bands is curved in opposing directions, having the effect of leaving an almost circular clear area in the middle of the wing centred over the base of the radial cells. There is no pigmentation proximally in the basal cells. Macrotrichia are extensive in all the radial cells (Fig. 1). A marked pattern on the dorsum is provided by a blackish outline to the deep mesonotal suture continued around the dorsal edge to above the wing base, giving a strong blackish W-shaped mark to the dorsum against a paler yellowish brown background. The black shiny anepimeron contrasting with the other pleurae is marked. There is no obvious pruinosity on the thorax; many other species of
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<taxonomicName id="BD88DCE6D34EA42B5728FD1803A91398" box="[534,677,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="48FC7B77D34EA42B5728FD1803A91398" box="[534,677,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Ptychoptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have silvery patterns changing with different viewing angles. There is no auxiliary copulatory organ on the third (visible) abdominal sternite, as in some Palaearctic species. In the male, the extreme length of the lateral arms of the ninth tergite, extending nearly the same distance as the gonostyles is noticeable. Another notable difference in the male genitalia of the Nearctic species
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<taxonomicName id="BD88DCE6D34EA42B56AAFCB805511238" box="[916,1117,804,829]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrifasciata">
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<emphasis id="48FC7B77D34EA42B56AAFCB805511238" box="[916,1117,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">P. quadrifasciata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="BD88DCE6D34EA42B51A6FCB804031238" box="[1176,1295,804,829]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osceola">
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<emphasis id="48FC7B77D34EA42B51A6FCB804031238" box="[1176,1295,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">P. osceola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the enlarged ninth sternite that accommodates the large spherical sperm pump. This character is not so strongly developed in
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<taxonomicName id="BD88DCE6D34EA42B57D7FCE8028F1288" box="[745,899,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alexanderi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="48FC7B77D34EA42B57D7FCE8028F1288" box="[745,899,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">P. alexanderi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="48FC7B77D34EA42B56B5FCE802E4128B" bold="true" box="[907,1000,884,910]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="53CFC60CD34EA42B56B5FCE802E4128B" box="[907,1000,884,910]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3292F4EED34EA42B5406FC0000241789" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="7A37A765D34EA42B5406FC0000241789" blockId="2.[264,1323,284,1876]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="48FC7B77D34EA42B5406FC0000FB12B3" bold="true" box="[312,503,924,950]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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<typeStatus id="A53319C7D34EA42B5406FC0000A612B3" box="[312,426,924,950]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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male.
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</emphasis>
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Body length 8.0 mm, wing 8.8 mm, antenna 7.0 mm.
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<emphasis id="48FC7B77D34EA42B51B2FC0005C312B3" bold="true" box="[1164,1231,924,950]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Head</emphasis>
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: vertex shining black; occipital region and face brown; clypeus convex and same shade of brown as are palp, scape, pedicel, and basal flagellomere plus extreme base of second flagellomere, remainder of antenna brownish-black; 1st flagellomere twice length of succeeding flagellomere. Antennae of male elongated, nearly equal to body length.
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<emphasis id="48FC7B77D34EA42B5436FBFB00691584" bold="true" box="[264,357,1127,1153]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Thorax</emphasis>
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: shining and mainly yellowish-brown. Blackish in prescutellar area of dorsum, more obviously so when viewed from behind; black border to dorsal suture, joining anteriorly with broader black lateral markings that originate above wing base; poorly defined medial stripe visible within suture when viewed anteriorly. Anepimeron distinctly black, contrasting with remaining yellow pleurae. Halteres yellow in basal quarter, otherwise black. Scutellum yellow; mediotergite black. Mid and hind coxae with illdefined darker streaks of brown; femora yellowish-brown except for narrow apical ring; remaining leg segments brownish-black. Wing with partial black bands and apically darkened; typical wing fold rather obvious, extending from base of anal vein to bend in second cubital (Fig. 1).
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<emphasis id="48FC7B77D34EA42B570FFA5303A714EC" bold="true" box="[561,683,1487,1513]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Abdomen</emphasis>
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: shiny blackish-brown; laterobasal half of tergite 2, basal 3rd of tergite 3, and laterobasal corner of tergite 4 yellowish; sternites yellow. Genitalia with greatly extended lateral arms to tergite 9, as long as gonostyli (
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<figureCitation id="E2B3BBE0D34EA42B51F1F9BE04101739" box="[1231,1308,1570,1596]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1564,1588]" captionTargetBox="[264,1316,324,1546]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[535,1069,727,1558]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male genitalia (dorsal) of Ptychoptera alexanderi sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174524/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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). Caudal margin of ninth sternite bearing clasper-like structure that protrudes dorsally (
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<figureCitation id="E2B3BBE0D34EA42B51C5F9D600141789" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[264,367,727,751]" captionTargetBox="[466,1134,328,726]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[434,1177,288,735]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Male genitalia (lateral, left side) of Ptychoptera alexanderi sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174525/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3292F4EED34EA42B5406F90502501651" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7A37A765D34EA42B5406F90502501651" blockId="2.[264,1323,284,1876]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="48FC7B77D34EA42B5406F905009617B6" bold="true" box="[312,410,1689,1715]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Female.</emphasis>
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body length 8.0 mm, wing 9.0 mm, antennae 2.5 mm. General appearance same as male except for short antennae and abdomen more broadly yellowish about base of tergites 3, 4, and 5; downcurved cerci totally yellow. Lighter wing markings may be due to specimen being recently emerged when collected, but degree of change from teneral condition to full pigmentation is unknown (
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<figureCitation id="E2B3BBE0D34EA42B5638F8A602431651" box="[774,847,1850,1876]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[273,1299,812,1492]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[265,1322,805,1498]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habitus of female Ptychoptera alexanderi sp. nov. The overall appearance is lighter than in the male, partly due to being teneral when collected." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174526/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="2EF7F7EDD34FA42A5436F98002F31731" box="[264,1023,1564,1588]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174524/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" targetBox="[264,1316,324,1546]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="7A37A765D34FA42A5436F98002F31731" blockId="3.[264,1023,1564,1588]" box="[264,1023,1564,1588]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="48FC7B77D34FA42A5436F98000861731" bold="true" box="[264,394,1564,1588]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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Male genitalia (dorsal) of
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<taxonomicName id="BD88DCE6D34FA42A5799F98102AE1731" box="[679,930,1565,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alexanderi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="48FC7B77D34FA42A5799F98102AE1731" box="[679,930,1565,1588]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Ptychoptera alexanderi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="53CFC60CD34FA42A5697F98002F31731" box="[937,1023,1564,1588]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="3292F4EED34FA42A5406F9FB030E1677" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="7A37A765D34FA42A5406F9FB030E1677" blockId="3.[264,1323,1639,1906]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
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||
<emphasis id="48FC7B77D34FA42A5406F9FB03201784" bold="true" box="[312,556,1639,1665]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="A53319C7D34FA42A570AF9F403AD1787" box="[564,673,1640,1666]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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male:
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<collectingCountry id="029FE7F5D34FA42A57CCF9F402651787" box="[754,873,1640,1666]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
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, Chiapas, Sierra Madre Mountains, El Triunfo (Biosfera Reserva):
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<quantity id="BD700A80D34FA42A5741F90C021B17AF" box="[639,791,1680,1706]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="1950.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="1900.0">1900-2000m</quantity>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="1FBCC1A2D34FA42A560FF90C02BC17AF" box="[817,944,1680,1706]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" precision="15" value="5.6572223">5º39’26”N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="1FBCC1A2D34FA42A56FBF90C055417AF" box="[965,1112,1680,1706]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" precision="15" value="-92.80889">92º48’32”W</geoCoordinate>
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, E.G. Hancock, collected by sweeping,
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<date id="0E3681A5D34FA42A571AF92403A017D7" box="[548,684,1720,1746]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" value="2003-07-30">30.vii.2003</date>
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, (
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<typeStatus id="A53319C7D34FA42A57FDF924022717D7" box="[707,811,1720,1746]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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male deposited in the Hunterian Museum (Zoology), Glasgow,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="029FE7F5D34FA42A5739F97C036117FF" box="[519,621,1760,1786]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Scotland</collectingCountry>
|
||
bearing registration number
|
||
<collectionCode id="1C993FA0D34FA42A56E8F97C054A17FF" box="[982,1094,1760,1786]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/p267-b3jh" name="University of Glasgow, Hunterian Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">GLAHM</collectionCode>
|
||
: 127118.
|
||
<typeStatus id="A53319C7D34FA42A5185F97C042A17FF" box="[1211,1318,1760,1786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
: female: same data (also deposited in Hunterian Museum (Zoology), registration number
|
||
<collectionCode id="1C993FA0D34FA42A5436F8AC0074164F" box="[264,376,1840,1866]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/p267-b3jh" name="University of Glasgow, Hunterian Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">GLAHM</collectionCode>
|
||
: 127119). Both specimens were micropinned in the field and are staged on a polythene foam strip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="2EF7F7EDD348A42D5436FD4B056E13EA" box="[264,1122,727,751]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174525/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" targetBox="[466,1134,328,726]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="7A37A765D348A42D5436FD4B056E13EA" blockId="4.[264,1122,727,751]" box="[264,1122,727,751]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="48FC7B77D348A42D5436FD4B008613EA" bold="true" box="[264,394,727,751]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia (lateral, left side) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BD88DCE6D348A42D5635FD44050A13EA" box="[779,1030,728,751]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alexanderi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="48FC7B77D348A42D5635FD44050A13EA" box="[779,1030,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Ptychoptera alexanderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="53CFC60CD348A42D5133FD4B056E13EA" box="[1037,1122,727,751]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="2EF7F7EDD348A42D5436FA6E028B1729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174526/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" targetBox="[273,1299,812,1492]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="7A37A765D348A42D5436FA6E028B1729" blockId="4.[264,1322,1522,1580]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="48FC7B77D348A42D5436FA6E0080170F" bold="true" box="[264,396,1522,1546]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus of female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BD88DCE6D348A42D575EFA6E0251170C" box="[608,861,1522,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alexanderi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="48FC7B77D348A42D575EFA6E0251170C" box="[608,861,1522,1545]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Ptychoptera alexanderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="53CFC60CD348A42D5658FA6E02B1170F" box="[870,957,1522,1546]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="48FC7B77D348A42D5658FA6E02B1170F" bold="true" box="[870,957,1522,1546]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The overall appearance is lighter than in the male, partly due to being teneral when collected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3292F4EED348A42D5406F9C3027917CF" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="7A37A765D348A42D5406F9C3027917CF" blockId="4.[264,1323,1631,1898]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="48FC7B77D348A42D5406F9C300C8177C" bold="true" box="[312,452,1631,1657]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BD88DCE6D348A42D54EEF9FC03E4177C" box="[464,744,1632,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alexanderi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="48FC7B77D348A42D54EEF9FC03E4177C" box="[464,744,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Ptychoptera alexanderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="53CFC60CD348A42D57CBF9C3025B177C" box="[757,855,1631,1657]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="48FC7B77D348A42D57CBF9C3025B177C" bold="true" box="[757,855,1631,1657]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is named in memory of Charles Paul Alexander (
|
||
<date id="0E3681A5D348A42D54A0F914032E17A7" box="[414,546,1672,1698]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" value="1889" valueMax="1982">1889-1982</date>
|
||
), the much admired and prolific New World nematoceran systematist, who included this family in his research.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3292F4EED348A42C5406F94B0500134B" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="7A37A765D348A42C5406F94B0500134B" blockId="4.[264,1323,1631,1898]" lastBlockId="5.[264,1323,284,590]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="48FC7B77D348A42D5406F94B009017F4" bold="true" box="[312,412,1751,1777]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
The adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BD88DCE6D348A42D5771F944026917F4" box="[591,869,1752,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alexanderi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="48FC7B77D348A42D5771F944026917F4" box="[591,869,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Ptychoptera alexanderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="53CFC60CD348A42D5651F94B02C317F4" box="[879,975,1751,1777]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="48FC7B77D348A42D5651F94B02C317F4" bold="true" box="[879,975,1751,1777]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
were swept from fairly rank streamside vegetation, where the stream margin comprised coarse sand grading to mud. Adult ptychopterids are generally found near running water or in marshy areas, and rest in dense waterside vegetation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1E19DA94D348A42D576CF8CC03E5166F" author="Stubbs" box="[594,745,1872,1898]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Stubbs, A. E. (1993) Provisional Atlas of the Ptychopterid Craneflies (Diptera, Ptychopteridae) of Britain and Ireland. Biological Records Centre, Institute of Ecology, Huntingdon, 34 pp." type="book" year="1993">Stubbs 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The larvae are associated with saturated mud or soils near water (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1E19DA94D349A42C54E7FE8003701033" author="Brindle" box="[473,636,284,310]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" refString="Brindle, A. (1962) Taxonomic notes on the larvae of British Diptera, 9: the family Ptychopteridae. Entomologist, 95, 212 - 216." type="journal article" year="1962">Brindle 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). They are considerably elongated caudally, presenting a superficial resemblance to the long-tailed larvae of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BD88DCE6D349A42C5698FED805B0105B" box="[934,1212,324,350]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eristalinae">Eristalinae (Syrphidae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
. To cope with respiration after pupation, the right thoracic breathing horn is greatly elongated, up to twice the length of the pupa, whereas the other horn is atrophied. These and other observations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1E19DA94D349A42C5494FE20036610D3" author="Alexander" box="[426,618,444,470]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1920) The craneflies of New York. Part 2. Biology and phylogeny. Memoirs of the Cornell University Agricultural Experimental Station, 38, 695 - 1133." type="journal article" year="1920">Alexander 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1E19DA94D349A42C5748FE2003B810D3" author="Alexander" box="[630,692,444,470]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1981) Ptychopteridae, 22. In McAlpine, J. F., Peterson, B. V., Shewell, G. E., Teskey, H. J., Vockeroth, J. R. & Wood, D. M. (Eds.), Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Volume 1. Monograph No. 27. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa. McAlpine, et al. (Editor). Manual of Nearctic Diptera, pp. 325 - 328." type="book chapter" year="1981">1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1E19DA94D349A42C5781FE20025010D3" author="Brindle" box="[703,860,444,470]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" refString="Brindle, A. (1962) Taxonomic notes on the larvae of British Diptera, 9: the family Ptychopteridae. Entomologist, 95, 212 - 216." type="journal article" year="1962">Brindle 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1E19DA94D349A42C5659FE20052010D3" author="Hodkinson" box="[871,1068,444,470]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" refString="Hodkinson, I. D. (1973) The immature stages of Ptychoptera lenis lenis (Diptera, Ptychopteridae) with notes on their biology. Canadian Entomologist, 105, 1091 - 1099." type="journal article" year="1973">Hodkinson 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1E19DA94D349A42C5106FE2005CF10D3" author="Stubbs" box="[1080,1219,444,470]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" refString="Stubbs, A. E. (1993) Provisional Atlas of the Ptychopterid Craneflies (Diptera, Ptychopteridae) of Britain and Ireland. Biological Records Centre, Institute of Ecology, Huntingdon, 34 pp." type="book" year="1993">Stubbs1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) support the idea that this new species was found in a typical situation and probably was breeding in the stream margins near where the adults were found. Notwithstanding these conditions, no other specimens could be collected despite considerable effort.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |