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<mods:title id="F8E1132A923A6EDCC991A2F57399E4CA">A new genus and a new species in the sea cucumber subfamily Colochirinae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae) in the Mediterranean Sea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2B34BF06932C078B478937D3BAF72F60">Thandar, Ahmed S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="68545A052A6233F88C9718AEDFD05D56">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="C67F6425FFA32F33FF0BF16CFCF11D84" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6087191" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124658045" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6087191" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C67F6425FFA32F33FF0BF16CFCF11D84" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C67F6425FFA32F33FF0BF16CFCF11D84" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">
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<paragraph id="4E69D533FFA32F32FF0BF16CFD9C1D12" blockId="2.[151,635,835,895]" box="[151,635,835,862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">
<heading id="1521625FFFA32F32FF0BF16CFD9C1D12" bold="true" box="[151,635,835,862]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="89D6AEB0FFA32F32FF0BF16CFD9C1D12" ID-CoL="3KQFF" authority="Grube, 1840" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1840" box="[151,635,835,862]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Hemiocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="syracusanus">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA32F32FF0BF16CFD9C1D12" bold="true" box="[151,635,835,862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA32F32FF0BF16CFE211D11" bold="true" box="[151,454,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">Hemiocnus syracusanus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2A47A8C2FFA32F32FE49F16BFD941D12" author="Grube" box="[469,627,836,862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" refString="Grube, A. E. (1840) Aktinien, Echinodermen un Wurmer des Adriatischen und Mittelmeeres. Konigsberg, pp. 1 - 92. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 23025" type="book chapter" year="1840">Grube, 1840</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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</heading>
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<paragraph id="4E69D533FFA32F32FF0BF149FEA21D33" blockId="2.[151,635,835,895]" box="[151,325,870,895]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">
(
<figureCitation id="D6EDC9B6FFA32F32FF02F149FEEE1D33" box="[158,265,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1966,1988]" captionTargetBox="[295,1280,1043,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[262,1321,1023,1931]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Hemiocnus syracusanus. A. Incomplete baskets from body wall; B. Rod from tube foot; C. Rosettes from tentacles; D. Calcareous ring." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165713/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">Figures 1</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="D6EDC9B6FFA32F32FEB1F148FEDB1D33" box="[301,316,871,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1210,1232]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,193,1188]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[340,1247,193,1189]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hemiocnus syracusanus. A. Fir-cone-shaped plates from body wall; B. Large round plates from body wall; C. Buttons from body wall; D. Small rods from tentacles; E. Large rods from tentacles; F. Specimen entire." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256161/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">2</figureCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="4E69D533FFA32F32FF0BF181FDA21D88" blockId="2.[151,1427,942,1087]" box="[151,581,942,965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6EC6F21DFFA32F32FF0BF181FDA21D88" box="[151,581,942,965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="89D6AEB0FFA32F32FF0BF181FDA61D88" ID-CoL="05366379-015c-4b9b-9dba-9d7b2ff0242a" authority="Grube, 1840:40" authorityName="Grube" authorityPageNumber="40" authorityYear="1840" box="[151,577,942,965]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cladodactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="syracusana">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA32F32FF0BF181FE7E1D89" box="[151,409,942,965]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">Cladodactyla syracusana</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="CF77F322FFA32F32FE03F181FDA61D88" author="Grube" box="[415,577,942,964]" page="40" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" year="1840">
<bibRefCitation id="2A47A8C2FFA32F32FE03F181FDC51D88" author="Grube" box="[415,546,942,964]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" refString="Grube, A. E. (1840) Aktinien, Echinodermen un Wurmer des Adriatischen und Mittelmeeres. Konigsberg, pp. 1 - 92. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 23025" type="book chapter" year="1840">Grube, 1840</bibRefCitation>
:40
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E69D533FFA32F32FF0BF1E1FD7B1A4E" blockId="2.[151,1427,942,1087]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6EC6F21DFFA32F32FF0BF1E1FD7B1A4E" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="89D6AEB0FFA32F32FF0BF1E1FDC51DAF" ID-CoL="dc8176bf-5af2-4870-8885-41ef119f523b" authority="Sars, 1857:123" authorityName="Sars" authorityPageNumber="123" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,546,973,995]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cucumaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="syracusana">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA32F32FF0BF1E1FE641DAF" box="[151,387,974,995]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">Cucumaria syracusana</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="CF77F322FFA32F32FE15F1E2FDC51DAF" author="Sars" box="[393,546,973,995]" page="123" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" year="1857">
<bibRefCitation id="2A47A8C2FFA32F32FE15F1E2FE1F1DAF" author="Sars" box="[393,504,973,995]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" refString="Sars, M. (1857) Bidrag til Kundskaben om Middlehavets Littoral-Fauna. Nyt Magasin fur Naturvidenskapene, 10, 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="1857">Sars, 1857</bibRefCitation>
:123
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Pl. 1 fig. 24–29;
<treatmentCitation id="CF77F322FFA32F32FD4BF1E2FC981DAF" author="Theel" box="[727,895,973,995]" page="113" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" year="1886">
<bibRefCitation id="2A47A8C2FFA32F32FD4BF1E2FCB31DAF" author="Theel" box="[727,852,973,995]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" refString="Theel, H. (1886) Holothuroidea. Part II. Report on the Scientific Results of the of the HMS ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 4 (34), 1 - 290." type="journal article" year="1886">Théel, 1886</bibRefCitation>
:113
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="CF77F322FFA32F32FC15F1E2FBAF1DAF" author="Koehler" box="[905,1096,973,995]" page="155" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" year="1921">
<bibRefCitation id="2A47A8C2FFA32F32FC15F1E2FBFA1DAF" author="Koehler" box="[905,1053,973,995]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" refString="Koehler, R. (1921) Faune de France. 1 Echinodermes. Federation Francaise Des Cocieties de Sciences Naturelles, pp. 140 - 191 http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11514." type="journal article" year="1921">Koehler, 1921</bibRefCitation>
:155
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 106;
<treatmentCitation id="CF77F322FFA32F32FB33F1E2FA681DAF" author="Cherbonnier" box="[1199,1423,973,995]" page="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" year="1956">
<bibRefCitation id="2A47A8C2FFA32F32FB33F1E2FA971DAF" author="Cherbonnier" box="[1199,1392,973,995]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1956) Les echinodermes de Tunisie. Bulletin de l'Institut National des Sciences et Technologie de la Mer Salammbo, 53,1 - 22." type="book" year="1956">Cherbonnier, 1956</bibRefCitation>
:20
</treatmentCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="89D6AEB0FFA32F32FF0BF1C3FDC51A4E" ID-CoL="172f2a76-0720-45d8-b0ef-a7e705f4b7a9" authority="Panning, 1949:438" authorityName="Panning" authorityPageNumber="438" authorityYear="1949" box="[151,546,1004,1026]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="syracusanus">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA32F32FF0BF1C3FEBC1A4E" box="[151,347,1004,1026]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">Ocnus syracusanus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="CF77F322FFA32F32FEFDF1C3FDC51A4E" author="Panning" box="[353,546,1004,1026]" page="438" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" year="1949">
<bibRefCitation id="2A47A8C2FFA32F32FEFDF1C3FE111A4E" author="Panning" box="[353,502,1004,1026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" refString="Panning, A. (1949) Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae (Holothurioidea, Dendrochirota). Zoologische Jahrbucher Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, 78, 404 - 470." type="journal article" year="1949">Panning, 1949</bibRefCitation>
:438
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 33, 34.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E69D533FFA32F32FF0BF625FD0D1A6C" blockId="2.[151,1427,942,1087]" box="[151,746,1034,1056]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6EC6F21DFFA32F32FF0BF625FD0D1A6C" box="[151,746,1034,1056]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="89D6AEB0FFA32F32FF0BF625FDA91A6C" ID-CoL="fb6ec74d-cfc9-48d8-ab2c-45fac16a9230" authority="Panning, 1962:68" authorityName="Panning" authorityPageNumber="68" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,590,1034,1056]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pseudocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="syracusanus">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA32F32FF0BF625FE741A6C" box="[151,403,1034,1056]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">Pseudocnus syracusanus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="CF77F322FFA32F32FE06F625FDA91A6C" author="Panning" box="[410,590,1034,1056]" page="68" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" year="1962">
<bibRefCitation id="2A47A8C2FFA32F32FE06F625FDD71A6C" author="Panning" box="[410,560,1034,1056]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" refString="Panning, A. (1962) Bermerkungen uber die Holothurien - Familie Cucumariidae (Ordnung Dendrochirota) 3 Teil. Die Gattung Pseudocnus (Panning 1949). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 60,57 - 80." type="journal article" year="1962">Panning, 1962</bibRefCitation>
:68
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 13, 14 (?).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E69D533FFA32F32FF0BF606FD7F1A73" blockId="2.[151,1427,942,1087]" box="[151,664,1065,1087]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6EC6F21DFFA32F32FF0BF606FD7F1A73" box="[151,664,1065,1087]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="89D6AEB0FFA32F32FF0BF606FD861A73" ID-CoL="6WDNW" authority="Thandar, 1987:288" authorityName="Thandar" authorityPageNumber="288" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,609,1065,1087]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pseudocnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="syracusana">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA32F32FF0BF606FE7E1A73" box="[151,409,1065,1087]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">Pseudocnella syracusana</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="CF77F322FFA32F32FE03F606FD861A73" author="Thandar" box="[415,609,1065,1087]" page="288" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="2A47A8C2FFA32F32FE03F606FDD21A73" author="Thandar" box="[415,565,1065,1087]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1987) The status of some southern African nominal species of Cucumaria (s. e.) referable to a new genus and their ecological isolation. South African Journal of Zoology, 22 (4), 287 - 296. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 02541858.1987.11448059" type="journal article" year="1987">Thandar, 1987</bibRefCitation>
:288
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 289.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06CC86B8FFA32F32FF0BF643FAC21B58" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="4E69D533FFA32F32FF0BF643FAC21B58" blockId="2.[151,1437,1132,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA32F32FF0BF643FEED1AC9" bold="true" box="[151,266,1132,1157]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">Diagnosis</emphasis>
(from
<bibRefCitation id="2A47A8C2FFA32F32FECAF643FE201AC9" author="Sars" box="[342,455,1132,1157]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" refString="Sars, M. (1857) Bidrag til Kundskaben om Middlehavets Littoral-Fauna. Nyt Magasin fur Naturvidenskapene, 10, 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="1857">Sars 1857</bibRefCitation>
, amended herein). Body sub-cylindrical, colour light-brown in alcohol. Dorsal tube feet in both radii and interradii. Tentacles 10, ventral-most two reduced. Calcareous ring simple, without posterior processes. Body wall thick, rigid. Ossicles of body wall comprise fir-cone-shaped plates, often denticulate at one end, and round, knobbed, often 4-holed buttons. Incomplete baskets may also occur as dichotomously branched rods, usually in association with bases of tube feet. Tube feet with rods; tentacles with rods and rosettes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06CC86B8FFA32F32FF5BF730FC3C1B10" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4E69D533FFA32F32FF5BF730FC3C1B10" blockId="2.[151,1437,1132,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">
<materialsCitation id="FEBEDF6EFFA32F32FF5BF730FC3C1B10" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324949265" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="Italy" county="Haifa" location="Material" municipality="Neapel" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hamburg">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA32F32FF5BF730FE531B74" bold="true" box="[199,436,1311,1336]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">
<location id="4B0983E8FFA32F32FF5BF730FEC81B74" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C67F6425FFA32F33FF0BF16CFCF11D84:4B0983E8FFA32F32FF5BF730FEC81B74" box="[199,303,1311,1336]" country="Italy" county="Haifa" municipality="Neapel" name="Material" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" stateProvince="Hamburg">Material</location>
examined.
</emphasis>
Zoologisches Museum
<collectingRegion id="8C121BD1FFA32F32FD50F730FCDF1B74" box="[716,824,1311,1336]" country="Germany" name="Hamburg" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">Hamburg</collectingRegion>
, E2877, Zool. Stat. Europa,
<collectingCountry id="36C195A3FFA32F32FB14F730FB351B74" box="[1160,1234,1311,1336]" name="Italy" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">Italien</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="AE0D4F49FFA32F32FB7DF730FAD41B74" box="[1249,1331,1311,1336]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">Neapel</collectingMunicipality>
, 1 spec.;
<collectionCode id="28C74DF6FFA32F32FF0BF76AFEE31B10" box="[151,260,1349,1372]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">NHMUK</collectionCode>
, 1982.6.1.6-8, Shigmona, south of
<collectingCounty id="A708ADBFFFA32F32FD11F76BFD291B11" box="[653,718,1348,1373]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">Haifa</collectingCounty>
, Dr. Lewinsohn, 4 spec.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06CC86B8FFA32F32FF5BF748FB2E1918" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" type="description">
<paragraph id="4E69D533FFA32F32FF5BF748FB211879" blockId="2.[151,1437,1132,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA32F32FF5BF748FEBE1BCC" bold="true" box="[199,345,1383,1408]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">Description.</emphasis>
This species is well known and hence only a brief description of the
<collectingRegion id="8C121BD1FFA32F32FB1CF748FB0E1BCC" box="[1152,1257,1383,1408]" country="Germany" name="Hamburg" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">Hamburg</collectingRegion>
specimen from Naples follows. Body curved, mouth and anus turned up; colour light brown in alcohol; length
<quantity id="892E78D6FFA32F32FB41F7A3FAD71BE8" box="[1245,1328,1420,1445]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="56.0">56 mm</quantity>
, width in mid-body
<quantity id="892E78D6FFA32F32FE93F79FFE831B8B" box="[271,356,1456,1480]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
. Tube feet in two rows ventrally, but scattered dorsally. Anal papillae present. Tentacles 10, ventral-most two reduced. Calcareous ring simple, without posterior prolongations, radials slightly notched posteriorly. Retractor muscles arise from longitudinal muscles at about half body length. Polian vesicle and stone canal not detected. Gonad of numerous, unbranched tubules. Respiratory trees highly branched.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E69D533FFA32F32FF5BF410FB2E1918" blockId="2.[151,1437,1132,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">
Body wall ossicles comprise large, multi-layered, fir-cone-shaped knobbed plates, denticulate at one end; large knobbed, non-denticulate, round plates; smaller rounded, knobbed buttons/plates; and occasionally incomplete cross-shaped baskets appearing as dichotomously branched rods (
<figureCitation id="D6EDC9B6FFA32F32FC17F4A8FC0D18EC" box="[907,1002,1671,1696]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1966,1988]" captionTargetBox="[295,1280,1043,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[262,1321,1023,1931]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Hemiocnus syracusanus. A. Incomplete baskets from body wall; B. Rod from tube foot; C. Rosettes from tentacles; D. Calcareous ring." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165713/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">Figure 1</figureCitation>
A) also present. Denticulate fir-coneshaped plates 290–340 µm (
<figureCitation id="D6EDC9B6FFA32F32FE7CF483FDA31888" box="[480,580,1708,1733]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1210,1232]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,193,1188]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[340,1247,193,1189]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hemiocnus syracusanus. A. Fir-cone-shaped plates from body wall; B. Large round plates from body wall; C. Buttons from body wall; D. Small rods from tentacles; E. Large rods from tentacles; F. Specimen entire." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256161/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">Figure 2</figureCitation>
A); large knobbed round non-denticulate plates 150–210 µm (
<figureCitation id="D6EDC9B6FFA32F32FA89F483FA9C1888" box="[1301,1403,1708,1733]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1210,1232]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,193,1188]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[340,1247,193,1189]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hemiocnus syracusanus. A. Fir-cone-shaped plates from body wall; B. Large round plates from body wall; C. Buttons from body wall; D. Small rods from tentacles; E. Large rods from tentacles; F. Specimen entire." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256161/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">Figure 2</figureCitation>
B); small knobbed buttons/plates up to 120 µm, with 4–(8) holes (
<figureCitation id="D6EDC9B6FFA32F32FCC7F4E0FC5B18A4" box="[859,956,1743,1768]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1210,1232]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,193,1188]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[340,1247,193,1189]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hemiocnus syracusanus. A. Fir-cone-shaped plates from body wall; B. Large round plates from body wall; C. Buttons from body wall; D. Small rods from tentacles; E. Large rods from tentacles; F. Specimen entire." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256161/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">Figure 2</figureCitation>
C), holes up to 10 µm, knobs up to 30 µm; incomplete baskets typically like those of
<taxonomicName id="89D6AEB0FFA32F32FD00F4DBFBAA1941" authority="Cherbonnier" authorityName="Cherbonnier" box="[668,1101,1780,1805]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pseudocnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sinorbis">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA32F32FD00F4DBFC7B1940" box="[668,924,1780,1804]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">Pseudocnella sinorbis</emphasis>
(Cherbonnier)
</taxonomicName>
. Tube feet deposits include perforated rods (
<figureCitation id="D6EDC9B6FFA32F32FECFF538FE56197C" box="[339,433,1815,1840]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1966,1988]" captionTargetBox="[295,1280,1043,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[262,1321,1023,1931]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Hemiocnus syracusanus. A. Incomplete baskets from body wall; B. Rod from tube foot; C. Rosettes from tentacles; D. Calcareous ring." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165713/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">Figure 1</figureCitation>
B) and often also incomplete baskets; end-plates present. Tentacle deposits include rods (
<figureCitation id="D6EDC9B6FFA32F32FF02F513FF191918" box="[158,254,1852,1877]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1210,1232]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,193,1188]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[340,1247,193,1189]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hemiocnus syracusanus. A. Fir-cone-shaped plates from body wall; B. Large round plates from body wall; C. Buttons from body wall; D. Small rods from tentacles; E. Large rods from tentacles; F. Specimen entire." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256161/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">Figure 2</figureCitation>
D,E) and rosettes (
<figureCitation id="D6EDC9B6FFA32F32FE52F513FDCC1918" box="[462,555,1852,1877]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1966,1988]" captionTargetBox="[295,1280,1043,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[262,1321,1023,1931]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Hemiocnus syracusanus. A. Incomplete baskets from body wall; B. Rod from tube foot; C. Rosettes from tentacles; D. Calcareous ring." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165713/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">Figure 1</figureCitation>
C), but latter not as numerous as in
<taxonomicName id="89D6AEB0FFA32F32FC21F512FB611918" box="[957,1158,1852,1876]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Hemiocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rubrobrunneus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA32F32FC21F512FB611918" box="[957,1158,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">H. rubrobrunneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6791B45AFFA32F32FB11F512FB2E1918" box="[1165,1225,1853,1876]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06CC86B8FFA32F32FF5BF570FC701934" box="[199,919,1887,1912]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4E69D533FFA32F32FF5BF570FC701934" blockId="2.[151,1437,1132,2021]" box="[199,919,1887,1912]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA32F32FF5BF570FE871934" bold="true" box="[199,352,1887,1912]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">Distribution.</emphasis>
Mediterranean Sea,
<collectingCountry id="36C195A3FFA32F32FDD4F570FD9B1934" box="[584,636,1887,1912]" name="Italy" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">Italy</collectingCountry>
, off west coast of Africa.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06CC86B8FFA32F33FF5BF5ABFCF11D84" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4E69D533FFA32F33FF5BF5ABFDE01C13" blockId="2.[151,1437,1132,2021]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,968]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA32F32FF5BF5ABFEDC19D1" bold="true" box="[199,315,1924,1949]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species was described from the Mediterranean Sea by
<bibRefCitation id="2A47A8C2FFA32F32FBB3F5ABFB2819D0" author="Grube" box="[1071,1231,1924,1949]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" refString="Grube, A. E. (1840) Aktinien, Echinodermen un Wurmer des Adriatischen und Mittelmeeres. Konigsberg, pp. 1 - 92. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 23025" type="book chapter" year="1840">Grube (1840)</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="89D6AEB0FFA32F32FA99F5ABFEF0198C" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cladodactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="syracusana">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA32F32FA99F5ABFEF0198C" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">Cladodactyla syracusana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but transferred to
<taxonomicName id="89D6AEB0FFA32F32FE76F586FD8F198C" box="[490,616,1961,1984]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cucumaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA32F32FE76F586FD8F198C" box="[490,616,1961,1984]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">Cucumaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="2A47A8C2FFA32F32FD08F587FCFC198D" author="Sars" box="[660,795,1960,1985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" refString="Sars, M. (1857) Bidrag til Kundskaben om Middlehavets Littoral-Fauna. Nyt Magasin fur Naturvidenskapene, 10, 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="1857">Sars (1857)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="2A47A8C2FFA32F32FCBBF587FC5E198D" author="Theel" box="[807,953,1960,1985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" refString="Theel, H. (1886) Holothuroidea. Part II. Report on the Scientific Results of the of the HMS ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 4 (34), 1 - 290." type="journal article" year="1886">Théel (1886)</bibRefCitation>
followed Sars and accepted the species as
<taxonomicName id="89D6AEB0FFA32F32FF0BF5E3FE7B19A8" box="[151,412,1996,2020]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cucumaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="syracusana">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA32F32FF0BF5E3FE7B19A8" box="[151,412,1996,2020]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="158">Cucumaria syracusana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, recording its distribution as the Mediterranean Sea and off west coast of Africa.
<bibRefCitation id="2A47A8C2FFA32F33FADCF5E3FF061EFC" author="Panning" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="2" pageNumber="158" refString="Panning, A. (1949) Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae (Holothurioidea, Dendrochirota). Zoologische Jahrbucher Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, 78, 404 - 470." type="journal article" year="1949">Panning (1949)</bibRefCitation>
transferred the species to
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA22F33FDB5F2B7FD9F1EE3" box="[553,632,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName id="89D6AEB0FFA22F33FDB5F2B7FD931EE3" box="[553,628,152,175]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Ocnus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2A47A8C2FFA22F33FD19F2B8FCC11EFC" author="Grube" box="[645,806,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" refString="Grube, A. E. (1840) Aktinien, Echinodermen un Wurmer des Adriatischen und Mittelmeeres. Konigsberg, pp. 1 - 92. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 23025" type="book chapter" year="1840">Grube (1840)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2A47A8C2FFA22F33FCA4F2B7FC261EFC" author="Sars" box="[824,961,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" refString="Sars, M. (1857) Bidrag til Kundskaben om Middlehavets Littoral-Fauna. Nyt Magasin fur Naturvidenskapene, 10, 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="1857">Sars (1857)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="2A47A8C2FFA22F33FB99F2B8FB7A1EFC" author="Theel" box="[1029,1181,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" refString="Theel, H. (1886) Holothuroidea. Part II. Report on the Scientific Results of the of the HMS ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 4 (34), 1 - 290." type="journal article" year="1886">Théel (1886)</bibRefCitation>
did not describe the calcareous ring, but this was done by
<bibRefCitation id="2A47A8C2FFA22F33FDDDF293FD161E98" author="Panning" box="[577,753,188,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" refString="Panning, A. (1949) Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae (Holothurioidea, Dendrochirota). Zoologische Jahrbucher Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, 78, 404 - 470." type="journal article" year="1949">Panning (1949)</bibRefCitation>
. Later
<bibRefCitation id="2A47A8C2FFA22F33FCDCF293FC091E99" author="Panning" box="[832,1006,188,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" refString="Panning, A. (1962) Bermerkungen uber die Holothurien - Familie Cucumariidae (Ordnung Dendrochirota) 3 Teil. Die Gattung Pseudocnus (Panning 1949). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 60,57 - 80." type="journal article" year="1962">Panning (1962)</bibRefCitation>
transferred the species to
<taxonomicName id="89D6AEB0FFA22F33FA8AF293FA7B1E98" box="[1302,1436,188,212]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pseudocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA22F33FA8AF293FA7B1E98" box="[1302,1436,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="159">Pseudocnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with some reservation. Subsequent to this,
<bibRefCitation id="2A47A8C2FFA22F33FDE6F2F0FCCB1EB4" author="Thandar" box="[634,812,223,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1987) The status of some southern African nominal species of Cucumaria (s. e.) referable to a new genus and their ecological isolation. South African Journal of Zoology, 22 (4), 287 - 296. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 02541858.1987.11448059" type="journal article" year="1987">Thandar (1987)</bibRefCitation>
, in his revision of some southern African Cucumariids, erected a new genus
<taxonomicName id="89D6AEB0FFA22F33FE10F32BFDC41F50" box="[396,547,260,284]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pseudocnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA22F33FE10F32BFDC41F50" box="[396,547,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="159">Pseudocnella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to accommodate three common southern African species and hesitantly also included in it
<taxonomicName id="89D6AEB0FFA22F33FEA8F306FE3D1F0C" box="[308,474,297,320]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pseudocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="syracusanus">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA22F33FEA8F306FE3D1F0C" box="[308,474,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="159">P. syracusanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The specimen from
<collectingRegion id="8C121BD1FFA22F33FD57F308FCD31F0C" box="[715,820,295,320]" country="Germany" name="Hamburg" pageId="3" pageNumber="159">Hamburg</collectingRegion>
Museum and those in the NHMUK, represent the true
<taxonomicName id="89D6AEB0FFA22F33FF0BF362FEC51F28" box="[151,290,333,356]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pseudocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="syracusanus">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA22F33FF0BF362FEC51F28" box="[151,290,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="159">syracusanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as their characters match those recorded for this species by various authors. According to
<bibRefCitation id="2A47A8C2FFA22F33FAA3F363FF061FC4" author="Thandar" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1987) The status of some southern African nominal species of Cucumaria (s. e.) referable to a new genus and their ecological isolation. South African Journal of Zoology, 22 (4), 287 - 296. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 02541858.1987.11448059" type="journal article" year="1987">Thandar (1987)</bibRefCitation>
the genus
<taxonomicName id="89D6AEB0FFA22F33FEC4F35FFE081FC4" box="[344,495,368,392]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pseudocnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA22F33FEC4F35FFE081FC4" box="[344,495,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="159">Pseudocnella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by 10 equal tentacles with only one species
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA22F33FB0DF35FFAFD1FC4" box="[1169,1306,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="159">
(
<taxonomicName id="89D6AEB0FFA22F33FB05F35FFAF61FC4" box="[1177,1297,368,392]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pseudocnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insolens">P. insolens</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
having one or more reduced, but not necessarily the ventral-most two, and buttons in the body wall. In addition, all species possess, at least at some stage of their development, an external layer of incomplete baskets. Since
<taxonomicName id="89D6AEB0FFA22F33FB79F396FA971F9C" box="[1253,1392,441,464]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pseudocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="syracusanus">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA22F33FB79F396FA971F9C" box="[1253,1392,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="159">syracusanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has an 8+2 arrangement of tentacles, often incomplete baskets in the body wall as well as buttons, it cannot be classified in
<taxonomicName id="89D6AEB0FFA22F33FEBAF02FFE5A1C54" box="[294,445,512,536]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pseudocnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA22F33FEBAF02FFE5A1C54" box="[294,445,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="159">Pseudocnella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It also not referable to
<taxonomicName id="89D6AEB0FFA22F33FD52F02FFCF11C5B" box="[718,790,512,535]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA22F33FD52F02FFCF11C5B" box="[718,790,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="159">Ocnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of the presence of large knobbed, multi-layered, often denticulate plates and ‘papulae-like’ extensions dorsally and no complete baskets. The new genus is closer to
<taxonomicName id="89D6AEB0FFA22F33FF0BF067FEC91C2C" box="[151,302,584,608]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pseudocnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA22F33FF0BF067FEC91C2C" box="[151,302,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="159">Pseudocnella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than it is to
<taxonomicName id="89D6AEB0FFA22F33FE25F067FDE71C13" box="[441,512,584,607]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA22F33FE25F067FDE71C13" box="[441,512,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="159">Ocnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E69D533FFA22F33FF4EF043FCF11D84" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="159">
<materialsCitation id="FEBEDF6EFFA22F33FF4EF043FCF11D84" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324949263" collectionCode="USNM" county="It" location="Any" municipality="Panning" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Hamburg" typeStatus="holotype">
<bibRefCitation id="2A47A8C2FFA22F33FF4EF043FE661CC9" author="Panning" box="[210,385,620,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" refString="Panning, A. (1962) Bermerkungen uber die Holothurien - Familie Cucumariidae (Ordnung Dendrochirota) 3 Teil. Die Gattung Pseudocnus (Panning 1949). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 60,57 - 80." type="journal article" year="1962">Panning (1962)</bibRefCitation>
reported on
<specimenCount id="58D01EBAFFA22F33FD88F043FD781CC9" box="[532,671,620,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
from Naples, measuring
<quantity id="892E78D6FFA22F33FC5CF043FBF41CC8" box="[960,1043,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="29.0">29 mm</quantity>
,
<quantity id="892E78D6FFA22F33FBBCF043FB971CC8" box="[1056,1136,620,645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
and
<quantity id="892E78D6FFA22F33FB35F043FB1D1CC8" box="[1193,1274,620,645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="58.0">58 mm</quantity>
in length. His drawings of the ossicles in Figure 14 (a–i) matches both
<taxonomicName id="89D6AEB0FFA22F33FCD0F0BEFC191CE4" box="[844,1022,657,680]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pseudocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="syracusanus">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA22F33FCD0F0BEFC191CE4" box="[844,1022,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="159">H. syracusanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="89D6AEB0FFA22F33FBDDF0BEFAF71CE4" box="[1089,1296,656,680]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Hemiocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rubrobrunneus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA22F33FBDDF0BEFAF71CE4" box="[1089,1296,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="159">H. rubrobrunneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6791B45AFFA22F33FA81F0BFFAB81CEB" box="[1309,1375,656,679]" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
here described, but his Figure 14 (c–e) appears to be of the small specimen since such ossicle
<typeStatus id="916D6B91FFA22F33FBE2F09AFB5E1C81" box="[1150,1209,693,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="159">types</typeStatus>
are not found in the body wall of a typical
<taxonomicName id="89D6AEB0FFA22F33FE3DF0F6FDB61CBC" box="[417,593,729,752]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pseudocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="syracusanus">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA22F33FE3DF0F6FDB61CBC" box="[417,593,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="159">H. syracusanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<collectingCounty id="A708ADBFFFA22F33FDFEF0F7FD941CA3" box="[610,627,728,751]" pageId="3" pageNumber="159">It</collectingCounty>
is therefore suspected that
<bibRefCitation id="2A47A8C2FFA22F33FC28F0F8FB831CBC" author="Panning" box="[948,1124,727,752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" refString="Panning, A. (1962) Bermerkungen uber die Holothurien - Familie Cucumariidae (Ordnung Dendrochirota) 3 Teil. Die Gattung Pseudocnus (Panning 1949). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 60,57 - 80." type="journal article" year="1962">
<collectingMunicipality id="AE0D4F49FFA22F33FC28F0F8FBF71CBC" box="[948,1040,727,752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="159">Panning</collectingMunicipality>
(1962)
</bibRefCitation>
did not clearly distinguish between the two forms he had at hand.
<location id="4B0983E8FFA22F33FDC9F0D3FD621D58" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C67F6425FFA32F33FF0BF16CFCF11D84:4B0983E8FFA22F33FDC9F0D3FD621D58" box="[597,645,764,788]" county="It" municipality="Panning" name="Any" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" stateProvince="Hamburg">Any</location>
re-assignation of part of
<location id="4B0983E8FFA22F33FC38F0D3FBF51D59" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C67F6425FFA32F33FF0BF16CFCF11D84:4B0983E8FFA22F33FC38F0D3FBF51D59" box="[932,1042,764,789]" county="It" municipality="Panning" name="Panning's" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" stateProvince="Hamburg">Panning’s</location>
(1962) material will require its reexamination, hence until
<location id="4B0983E8FFA22F33FE28F130FDC41D74" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C67F6425FFA32F33FF0BF16CFCF11D84:4B0983E8FFA22F33FE28F130FDC41D74" box="[436,547,799,824]" county="It" municipality="Panning" name="Panning's" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" stateProvince="Hamburg">Panning’s</location>
material is re-examined this is just a conjecture.
<location id="4B0983E8FFA22F33FBD2F130FB401D74" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C67F6425FFA32F33FF0BF16CFCF11D84:4B0983E8FFA22F33FBD2F130FB401D74" box="[1102,1191,799,824]" county="It" municipality="Panning" name="Grube's" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" stateProvince="Hamburg">Grube’s</location>
(1840) description of his
<taxonomicName id="89D6AEB0FFA22F33FF5CF16BFE381D10" box="[192,479,836,860]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cladodactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="syracusana">
<emphasis id="7CA20921FFA22F33FF5CF16BFE381D10" box="[192,479,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="159">Cladodactyla syracusana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is rather vague but
<bibRefCitation id="2A47A8C2FFA22F33FD5FF16BFCAF1D11" author="Sars" box="[707,840,836,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" refString="Sars, M. (1857) Bidrag til Kundskaben om Middlehavets Littoral-Fauna. Nyt Magasin fur Naturvidenskapene, 10, 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="1857">
<location id="4B0983E8FFA22F33FD5FF16BFD141D10" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C67F6425FFA32F33FF0BF16CFCF11D84:4B0983E8FFA22F33FD5FF16BFD141D10" box="[707,755,836,860]" county="It" municipality="Panning" name="Sars" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" stateProvince="Hamburg">Sars</location>
(1857)
</bibRefCitation>
, as the first reviser, found baskets and multi-layered fir-cone-shaped plates in the body wall.
<location id="4B0983E8FFA22F33FDC1F148FD631DCC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C67F6425FFA32F33FF0BF16CFCF11D84:4B0983E8FFA22F33FDC1F148FD631DCC" box="[605,644,871,896]" county="It" municipality="Panning" name="His" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" stateProvince="Hamburg">His</location>
description of the plates comes very close to the larger specimen here described and so do the descriptions of
<bibRefCitation id="2A47A8C2FFA22F33FDCBF1A3FCE41DE8" author="Koehler" box="[599,771,908,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" refString="Koehler, R. (1921) Faune de France. 1 Echinodermes. Federation Francaise Des Cocieties de Sciences Naturelles, pp. 140 - 191 http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11514." type="journal article" year="1921">
<location id="4B0983E8FFA22F33FDCBF1A3FD561DE9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C67F6425FFA32F33FF0BF16CFCF11D84:4B0983E8FFA22F33FDCBF1A3FD561DE9" box="[599,689,908,933]" county="It" municipality="Panning" name="Koehler" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" stateProvince="Hamburg">Koehler</location>
(1921)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="2A47A8C2FFA22F33FCA7F1A3FBFB1DE9" author="Cherbonnier" box="[827,1052,908,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1956) Les echinodermes de Tunisie. Bulletin de l'Institut National des Sciences et Technologie de la Mer Salammbo, 53,1 - 22." type="book" year="1956">
<location id="4B0983E8FFA22F33FCA7F1A3FC201DE9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C67F6425FFA32F33FF0BF16CFCF11D84:4B0983E8FFA22F33FCA7F1A3FC201DE9" box="[827,967,908,933]" county="It" municipality="Panning" name="Cherbonnier" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" stateProvince="Hamburg">Cherbonnier</location>
(1956)
</bibRefCitation>
.
<location id="4B0983E8FFA22F33FBACF1A3FB461DE9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C67F6425FFA32F33FF0BF16CFCF11D84:4B0983E8FFA22F33FBACF1A3FB461DE9" box="[1072,1185,908,933]" county="It" municipality="Panning" name="Therefore" pageId="3" pageNumber="159" stateProvince="Hamburg">Therefore</location>
, there is no doubt that the
<collectionCode id="28C74DF6FFA22F33FF5CF19FFEF61D84" box="[192,273,944,968]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="159">USNM</collectionCode>
and that from
<collectingRegion id="8C121BD1FFA22F33FE2AF180FDF81D84" box="[438,543,943,968]" country="Germany" name="Hamburg" pageId="3" pageNumber="159">Hamburg</collectingRegion>
are not conspecieific.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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