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<document id="06101E774E3FC2AAB005733B7F5AE7D1" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.13256886" ID-ISSN="2345-7600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13256886" ID-ZooBank="D65ED7B5-6587-4D7F-992A-A0D99C64528D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1723049939232" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Grootaert, Patrick" docDate="2018" docId="03E7879BFFF1FFC262DEF60EFD224940" docLanguage="en" docName="RafflesBZool.66.413-473.pdf" docOrigin="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F2D34FF25DBF9998BB8DF6F24A5B097A.5:RafflesBZool.2014-2018.journal_article" docStyleId="F2D34FF25DBF9998BB8DF6F24A5B097A" docStyleName="RafflesBZool.2014-2018.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Thinophilus comatus Grootaert, 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="ECC8847B-BF49-428C-92D4-83F749BF9EA6" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="428" masterDocId="FFDEFFE3FFFDFFCD6102F233FFCD4E0F" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Thinophilus Wahlberg (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Singapore and adjacent regions: A long term study with a prudent reconciliation of a genetic to a classic morphological approach" masterLastPageNumber="473" masterPageNumber="413" pageNumber="425" updateTime="1723053617283" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="90FE0B49FBE21D3900FAB120B96700A8">
<mods:title id="7F552021FD4640AE77987D636E7A3008">Revision of the genus Thinophilus Wahlberg (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Singapore and adjacent regions: A long term study with a prudent reconciliation of a genetic to a classic morphological approach</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="2972202464996A9A54E1DFDAE0954B99" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1E439CE0A175DC14815ED60532A246C0">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0E8AB17B29B8BC89794DD003FC0BCD1A">Grootaert, Patrick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0E11F6EA234D4FAEA89CEF58387C6607">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8B260AACA7F78D6DA94492DA08B71F29">Raffles Bulletin of Zoology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="7F9E53D873453F3557619332009E97D4">
<mods:date id="EAA01977D0C7CE32C0F93DF366EC783A">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="81BD7796FED66036B364F6F459E587AB" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="3CF0EB3435BA6AEFEF58219B7EF1D5F9">2018-07-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="6BDBAF8E4158FD7733CA41391AC76EEE" type="volume">
<mods:number id="5FD2A68B78E404C6FBEDEC227A4030A9">66</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="489E8B9DB9BAC58E82684DA82B5FB31F">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="41728125D0C3C183CCAFFEFB07170EB3" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.13256886</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="46F97C545030D805B63EF210083EE329" type="ISSN">2345-7600</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1A924C1C5B6EF503679E550A9322A356" type="Zenodo-Dep">13256886</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DE9FDECF79BD57A324777EE24C8F224B" type="ZooBank">D65ED7B5-6587-4D7F-992A-A0D99C64528D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03E7879BFFF1FFC262DEF60EFD224940" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:ECC8847B-BF49-428C-92D4-83F749BF9EA6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E7879BFFF1FFC262DEF60EFD224940" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="428" pageId="12" pageNumber="425">
<subSubSection id="C3546506FFF1FFC162DEF60EFB064A7A" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF1FFC162DEF60EFAE44A5A" blockId="12.[988,1321,1085,1141]" box="[988,1321,1085,1109]" pageId="12" pageNumber="425">
<heading id="D0B981E1FFF1FFC162DEF60EFAE44A5A" bold="true" box="[988,1321,1085,1109]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF1FFC162DEF60EFAE44A5A" bold="true" box="[988,1321,1085,1109]" pageId="12" pageNumber="425">
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFF1FFC162DEF60EFB054A5A" ID-CoL="8FFC4" authorityName="Grootaert" authorityYear="2018" box="[988,1224,1085,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF1FFC162DEF60EFB054A5A" bold="true" box="[988,1224,1085,1109]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="425">Thinophilus comatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20957E4FFF1FFC165D2F60EFAE44A5A" box="[1232,1321,1085,1109]" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF1FFC16538F66EFB064A7A" blockId="12.[988,1321,1085,1141]" box="[1082,1227,1117,1141]" pageId="12" pageNumber="425">(Figs. 11–14)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3546506FFF1FFC16241F6AEFB82481A" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF1FFC16241F6AEFBF64AFA" blockId="12.[835,1474,1181,1269]" pageId="12" pageNumber="425">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF1FFC16241F6AEFBE84ABA" bold="true" box="[835,1061,1181,1205]" pageId="12" pageNumber="425">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B263CD0FFF1FFC1652CF6AEFBF64AFA" collectingDate="2003-10-02" country="Singapore" location="Pulau Ubin" municipality="Chek Jawa" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54F5882FFFF1FFC1652CF6AEFB5C4ABA" box="[1070,1169,1181,1205]" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male,
<collectingCountry id="F359761DFFF1FFC165DDF6AEFAB44ABA" box="[1247,1401,1181,1205]" name="Singapore" pageId="12" pageNumber="425">SINGAPORE</collectingCountry>
:
<location id="8E916056FFF1FFC16487F6AEFCB64ADA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E7879BFFF1FFC262DEF60EFD224940:8E916056FFF1FFC16487F6AEFCB64ADA" country="Singapore" municipality="Chek Jawa" name="Pulau Ubin" pageId="12" pageNumber="425">Pulau Ubin</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B95ACF7FFF1FFC1628BF68EFBC94ADA" box="[905,1028,1213,1237]" pageId="12" pageNumber="425">Chek Jawa</collectingMunicipality>
, mangrove
<date id="FFF0104DFFF1FFC16584F68EFAFF4ADA" box="[1158,1330,1213,1237]" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" value="2003-10-02">
<collectingDate id="EFB4E9A5FFF1FFC16584F68EFAFF4ADA" box="[1158,1330,1213,1237]" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" value="2003-10-02">2 October 2003</collectingDate>
</date>
(reg. 23097, leg. PG,
<collectingMethod id="520F4E9AFFF1FFC162A7F6EEFBFD4AFA" box="[933,1072,1245,1269]" pageId="12" pageNumber="425">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF1FFC16241F72DFA0C4BBA" blockId="12.[834,1476,1309,1462]" pageId="12" pageNumber="425">
<materialsCitation id="3B263CD0FFF1FFC16241F72DFB684B5A" collectingDate="2012-05-12" collectionCode="PU" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" specimenCode="PU1" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54F5882FFFF1FFC16241F72DFC7C4B39" box="[835,945,1310,1334]" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="9D48FD04FFF1FFC162BDF72EFBC34B3A" box="[959,1038,1309,1333]" count="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, Pulau Ubin,
<specimenCode id="DBE89EF6FFF1FFC165AEF72EFB124B3A" box="[1196,1247,1309,1333]" collectionCode="PU" country="USA" name="Princeton University" pageId="12" pageNumber="425">PU1</specimenCode>
, mangrove,
<date id="FFF0104DFFF1FFC16469F72EFCB54B5A" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" value="2012-05-12">
<collectingDate id="EFB4E9A5FFF1FFC16469F72EFCB54B5A" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" value="2012-05-12">12 May 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
(reg. 29228, Ma0559, Mal.)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B263CD0FFF1FFC165ADF70EFADF4B7A" collectingDate="2012-04-20" collectionCode="PU" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" specimenCode="PU2" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D48FD04FFF1FFC165ADF70EFAC14B5A" box="[1199,1292,1341,1365]" count="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCode id="DBE89EF6FFF1FFC16414F70EFA854B5A" box="[1302,1352,1341,1365]" collectionCode="PU" country="USA" name="Princeton University" pageId="12" pageNumber="425">PU2</specimenCode>
, mangrove,
<date id="FFF0104DFFF1FFC16240F76EFC174B7A" box="[834,986,1373,1397]" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" value="2012-04-20">
<collectingDate id="EFB4E9A5FFF1FFC16240F76EFC174B7A" box="[834,986,1373,1397]" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" value="2012-04-20">20 April 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
(reg. 29189, Ma0620, Mal.)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B263CD0FFF1FFC1641CF76EFAA34B9A" collectingDate="2012-05-20" collectionCode="PU" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" specimenCode="PU3" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D48FD04FFF1FFC1641CF76EFAB34B7A" box="[1310,1406,1373,1397]" count="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCode id="DBE89EF6FFF1FFC16489F76EFA704B7A" box="[1419,1469,1373,1397]" collectionCode="PU" country="USA" name="Princeton University" pageId="12" pageNumber="425">PU3</specimenCode>
, mangrove,
<date id="FFF0104DFFF1FFC162B8F74EFB894B9A" box="[954,1092,1405,1430]" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" value="2012-05-20">
<collectingDate id="EFB4E9A5FFF1FFC162B8F74EFB894B9A" box="[954,1092,1405,1430]" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" value="2012-05-20">20 May 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
(reg. 29243, Ma0737, Mal.)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B263CD0FFF1FFC16475F74EFA704BBA" collectingDate="2013-05-17" collectionCode="PU" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" specimenCode="PU4" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D48FD04FFF1FFC16475F74EFA0D4B9A" box="[1399,1472,1405,1429]" count="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCode id="DBE89EF6FFF1FFC16240F7AEFCB94BBA" box="[834,884,1437,1461]" collectionCode="PU" country="USA" name="Princeton University" pageId="12" pageNumber="425">PU4</specimenCode>
, mangrove,
<date id="FFF0104DFFF1FFC162FAF7AEFB4A4BBA" box="[1016,1159,1437,1462]" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" value="2013-05-17">
<collectingDate id="EFB4E9A5FFF1FFC162FAF7AEFB4A4BBA" box="[1016,1159,1437,1462]" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" value="2013-05-17">17 May 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
(reg. 29928, Ma4954, Mal.)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF1FFC16241F7EDFB82481A" blockId="12.[835,1474,1501,1557]" pageId="12" pageNumber="425">
More
<typeStatus id="54F5882FFFF1FFC16285F7EDFC204BF9" box="[903,1005,1502,1526]" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
are cited in Annex 1. All specimens were recorded from Semakau.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3546506FFF1FFC16241F40EFA0E485A" box="[835,1475,1597,1621]" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF1FFC16241F40EFA0E485A" blockId="12.[835,1475,1597,1621]" box="[835,1475,1597,1621]" pageId="12" pageNumber="425">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF1FFC16241F40EFC08485A" bold="true" box="[835,965,1597,1621]" pageId="12" pageNumber="425">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name refers to the hairiness of the fore legs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3546506FFF1FFC36241F44EFA0D4860" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="427" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF1FFC16241F44EFBDF49DA" blockId="12.[834,1477,1661,2005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="425">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF1FFC16241F44EFC76489A" bold="true" box="[835,955,1661,1685]" pageId="12" pageNumber="425">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A medium-sized species with yellow palpus; antenna dorsally and apically brown, ventrally yellow. Third antennal segment shorter than high, with a rounded tip. Legs yellow, fore coxa with brown streak at extreme base, posterior four coxae black. Fore femur with a double row of very long, fine ventral bristles. Fore tibia, tarsomeres 1–4 also with long ventral bristles. Mid femur with 4 very long bristles in basal two thirds; mid tibia lacking long ventral bristles. 5 dc (almost equally long, but becoming longer towards the rear). No dull spots on mesonotum; wing brownish. Sternites with short black bristles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF1FFC16241F5CEFA76461A" blockId="12.[835,1467,2045,2069]" box="[835,1467,2045,2069]" pageId="12" pageNumber="425">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF1FFC16241F5CEFC4F461A" bold="true" box="[835,898,2045,2069]" pageId="12" pageNumber="425">Male.</emphasis>
(Fig. 11). Body length
<quantity id="4CB69B68FFF1FFC1657FF5CEFB1F461A" box="[1149,1234,2045,2069]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
; wing length
<quantity id="4CB69B68FFF1FFC16460F5CEFA7A461A" box="[1378,1463,2045,2069]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="425" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF0FFC06173F4C5FD644901" blockId="13.[113,681,1782,1806]" box="[113,681,1782,1806]" pageId="13" pageNumber="426">
Fig. 11.
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFF0FFC061D2F4C5FE7C4901" authorityName="Grootaert" authorityYear="2018" box="[208,433,1782,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="426" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF0FFC061D2F4C5FE7C4901" box="[208,433,1782,1806]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="426">Thinophilus comatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20957E4FFF0FFC060B8F4C5FDDD4902" box="[442,528,1782,1805]" pageId="13" pageNumber="426" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
male habitus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF0FFC06173F576FBE349B2" blockId="13.[113,754,1861,2077]" lastBlockId="13.[812,1452,1861,1981]" pageId="13" pageNumber="426">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF0FFC06173F576FF644952" box="[113,169,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="426">Head</emphasis>
. Frons and face with shining dark metallic green ground colour. Face, narrower than depth of third antennal segment. Clypeus protruding, about 1/2 length of epistoma. Palpus yellow, with black bristly hairs. Rostrum large (half-length of height of eye) dark brown with white hairs. Postcranium shining dark metallic green, concave. 2 long, diverging black ocellars; 2 long (only slightly) shorter, converging verticals, pointing forward; minute postocellars; 2 distinct postverticals, longer than upper postoculars. Postoculars in upper third black and uniseriate; below white and longer; near mouth with a few additional white bristles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF0FFC0622FF5D6FA674612" blockId="13.[812,1452,2021,2077]" pageId="13" pageNumber="426">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF0FFC0622FF5D6FC4E49F3" box="[813,899,2021,2044]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="426">Antenna</emphasis>
largely yellow, but dorsally and tip brownish. Second segment with lateral margin black; with some dorsal and ventral
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF3FFC36185F13EFDE44D4A" blockId="14.[135,776,781,837]" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">
Fig. 12.
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFF3FFC361E3F13EFE0C4D2A" authorityName="Grootaert" authorityYear="2018" box="[225,449,781,805]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF3FFC361E3F13EFE0C4D2A" box="[225,449,781,805]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">Thinophilus comatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20957E4FFF3FFC360CAF13EFDD04D2B" box="[456,541,781,804]" pageId="14" pageNumber="427" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
male. A, Antenna; B, Anterior view fore leg; C, Mid femur.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF3FFC3618AF14FFCC54DDB" blockId="14.[136,776,892,980]" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">bristles. Third segment a little higher than long; tip with a rounded apex (Fig. 12A). Arista subapical, 2 times as long as antenna, black, faintly pubescent; basal aristal segment short.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF3FFC3618AF1CFFE864A9B" blockId="14.[136,777,1020,1172]" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF3FFC3618AF1CFFF194A1B" box="[136,212,1020,1044]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">Thorax</emphasis>
and scutellum shining dark metallic green; no dull black spots. No acr; 5 long dc, almost equally long, anterior shortest, prescutellar longest. Scutellum with 2 marginals, with a fine lateral hair at each side. 3 upper and 3 lower white propleural bristles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF3FFC3618AF68EFE794B3B" blockId="14.[136,775,1212,1332]" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF3FFC3618AF68EFF744ADB" box="[136,185,1213,1236]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">Legs</emphasis>
yellow with black hairs and bristles, fore coxa yellow with a black streak at extreme base, four posterior coxae black. Posterior four trochanters yellowish not brown. Apical tarsomere of all tarsi brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF3FFC3618AF76EFCCA485B" blockId="14.[135,775,1372,1620]" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF3FFC3618AF76EFF264B7B" box="[136,235,1372,1396]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">Fore leg</emphasis>
(Fig. 12B). Coxa with numerous long bristles anteriorly, those exteriorly the longest. Fore femur only slightly swollen in basal half, set with a double row very long ventral bristles (the bristles in the posterior row at least four times as long as femur is wide); Tibia, four basal tarsomeres also with a double row of long, fine ventrals (those in the posterior row, or posteroventral row the longest). Tibia with a short dorsal bristle near base and a longer beyond middle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF3FFC3618AF44FFE48491C" blockId="14.[135,776,1660,1812]" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF3FFC3618AF44FFF2E489B" box="[136,227,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">Mid leg.</emphasis>
Coxa with a long black exterior. Femur thickened on basal half; ventrally in basal two thirds with about 5 long, fine bristles (Figs. 11, 12C); anteroventrally with a row of short bristles. Tibia with 2 pd and 1 pv near middle, no long ventral bristles present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF3FFC3618AF50FFEDF49BB" blockId="14.[136,775,1852,1972]" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF3FFC3618AF50FFF26495B" box="[136,235,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">Hind leg.</emphasis>
Coxa with a short black exterior. Femur thickened on basal half; withour ventral bristles; on apical third a long anterodorsal. Tibia with 2 ad, 2 pd and a crown of long apicals.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF3FFC3618AF5EFFA0E4ACF" blockId="14.[136,776,2012,2102]" lastBlockId="14.[835,1475,1128,1216]" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF3FFC3618AF5EFFF7249FC" box="[136,191,2012,2035]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">Wing</emphasis>
feebly brownish tinged, without darker shades (Fig. 11). Veins yellowish brown. Apical part of M
<subScript id="17CA34C8FFF3FFC3634EFA3BFDA94619" attach="both" box="[588,612,2056,2070]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">1+2</subScript>
curved up near middle, from there on running parallel with R
<subScript id="17CA34C8FFF3FFC36369FA1BFD4E4639" attach="left" box="[619,643,2088,2102]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">4+5</subScript>
. Apical part Fig. 13.
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFF3FFC362A7F65BFB464A8F" authorityName="Grootaert" authorityYear="2018" box="[933,1163,1128,1152]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF3FFC362A7F65BFB464A8F" box="[933,1163,1128,1152]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">Thinophilus comatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20957E4FFF3FFC36594F65AFB3D4A8F" box="[1174,1264,1129,1152]" pageId="14" pageNumber="427" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
male genitalia. A, Ventral view epandrium; B, Lateral view epandrium; C, Dorsal view cercus; D, Lateral view hypandrium with phallus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF3FFC36247F6C4FA7C4B20" blockId="14.[835,1475,1271,1328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">
of M
<subScript id="17CA34C8FFF3FFC36278F737FC5F4B1D" attach="left" box="[890,914,1284,1298]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">3+4</subScript>
as long as tp. Anal vein dark brown on basal half. Halteres white. Squamae white, with numerous white cilia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF3FFC36241F764FA97481F" blockId="14.[835,1476,1367,1552]" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF3FFC36241F764FC614B60" box="[835,940,1367,1391]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">Abdomen</emphasis>
with a shining metallic green ground-colour. Tergites covered with short black bristles and somewhat longer marginals (those at side of first tergum longest). Sternites with short black bristles. Genital capsule, surstyli and cerci brownish with white hairs. Surstylus furcate at apex (Fig. 13B). Cerci dorsally fused (Fig. 13C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF3FFC36241F40BFA0D4860" blockId="14.[834,1475,1591,1648]" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF3FFC36241F40BFC51485F" bold="true" box="[835,924,1592,1616]" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">Female.</emphasis>
In most respects identical to male but no long bristles on the fore and mid legs. Legs generally darker in female.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3546506FFF3FFC26241F4ABFE8B4B20" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="428" pageId="14" pageNumber="427" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF3FFC36241F4ABFB9B49A0" blockId="14.[835,1475,1687,1967]" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF3FFC36241F4ABFC7F48BF" bold="true" box="[835,946,1688,1712]" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">Remarks.</emphasis>
The long bristles on the fore femora, tibiae and basal tarsi of
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFF3FFC362DBF484FB7648C0" authorityName="Grootaert" authorityYear="2018" box="[985,1211,1719,1743]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comatus">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF3FFC362DBF484FB7648C0" box="[985,1211,1719,1743]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">Thinophilus comatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are striking. In contrast to the similar
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFF3FFC362E3F4EBFAAF48FF" authority="Evenhuis &amp; Grootaert" authorityName="Evenhuis &amp; Grootaert" authorityYear="2002" box="[993,1378,1751,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicilia">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF3FFC362E3F4EBFBAB48E0" box="[993,1126,1751,1775]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">T. longicilia</emphasis>
Evenhuis &amp; Grootaert
</taxonomicName>
that has dark brown legs,
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFF3FFC36509F4CBFB484900" authorityName="Grootaert" authorityYear="2018" box="[1035,1157,1784,1807]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF3FFC36509F4CBFB484900" box="[1035,1157,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">T. comatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20957E4FFF3FFC36592F4CBFB274900" box="[1168,1258,1784,1807]" pageId="14" pageNumber="427" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has yellow legs in males. However the legs are sometimes quite brownish in the female so that females are difficult to recognise from
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFF3FFC36241F56BFC0B4960" authorityName="Evenhuis &amp; Grootaert" authorityYear="2002" box="[835,966,1879,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicilia">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF3FFC36241F56BFC0B4960" box="[835,966,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">T. longicilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFF3FFC362D7F56BFB864960" authorityName="Grootaert" authorityYear="2018" box="[981,1099,1880,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF3FFC362D7F56BFB864960" box="[981,1099,1880,1903]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">T. comatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20957E4FFF3FFC36551F56BFB654960" box="[1107,1192,1880,1903]" pageId="14" pageNumber="427" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
lacks long ventral bristles on the mid tibia in contrast to
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFF3FFC365A2F54BFAEA4980" authorityName="Evenhuis &amp; Grootaert" authorityYear="2002" box="[1184,1319,1911,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicilia">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF3FFC365A2F54BFAEA4980" box="[1184,1319,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">T. longicilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that has long ventrals on the mid tibia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF3FFC36241F5EBFB3A4620" blockId="14.[835,1475,2007,2095]" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFF3FFC36241F5EBFC7B49E0" authorityName="Grootaert" authorityYear="2018" box="[835,950,2008,2031]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF3FFC36241F5EBFC7B49E0" box="[835,950,2008,2031]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">T. comatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20957E4FFF3FFC362BBF5EBFBC649E0" box="[953,1035,2008,2031]" pageId="14" pageNumber="427" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
was accidentally mentioned as
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFF3FFC36453F5EBFA0C49E0" box="[1361,1473,2008,2031]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cometes">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF3FFC36453F5EBFA0C49E0" box="[1361,1473,2008,2031]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="427">T. cometes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7CFFF3FFC36262F5C4FB52461F" author="Evenhuis N &amp; Grootaert P" box="[864,1183,2039,2064]" pageId="14" pageNumber="427" pagination="301 - 316" refId="ref35760" refString="Evenhuis N &amp; Grootaert P (2002) Annotated checklist of the Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of Singapore, with a description of a new genus and species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 50 (2): 301 - 316." type="journal article" year="2002">Evenhuis &amp; Grootaert (2002)</bibRefCitation>
as a manuscript name and thus the name became a nomen nudum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF2FFC26173F1DAFE954A2E" blockId="15.[113,753,1001,1057]" pageId="15" pageNumber="428">
Fig. 14.
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFF2FFC261CDF1DAFE7D4A0E" authorityName="Grootaert" authorityYear="2018" box="[207,432,1001,1025]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF2FFC261CDF1DAFE7D4A0E" box="[207,432,1001,1025]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="428">Thinophilus comatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20957E4FFF2FFC260BAF1DAFDDC4A0F" box="[440,529,1001,1024]" pageId="15" pageNumber="428" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: Phenology during a 2-year survey (MIP).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF2FFC26173F664FDDB4A9F" blockId="15.[113,753,1111,1168]" pageId="15" pageNumber="428">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF2FFC26173F664FF3D4A60" bold="true" box="[113,240,1111,1135]" pageId="15" pageNumber="428">Bionomics.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFF2FFC261F8F664FE104A60" authorityName="Grootaert" authorityYear="2018" box="[250,477,1111,1135]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF2FFC261F8F664FE104A60" box="[250,477,1111,1135]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="428">Thinophilus comatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20957E4FFF2FFC260EAF66BFD8D4A60" box="[488,576,1112,1135]" pageId="15" pageNumber="428" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is active in the front as well as in the back mangrove.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF2FFC26173F68BFE8B4B20" blockId="15.[113,754,1207,1327]" pageId="15" pageNumber="428">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF2FFC26173F68BFF3B4ADF" bold="true" box="[113,246,1208,1232]" pageId="15" pageNumber="428">Phenology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFF2FFC26003F684FE3F4AC0" authorityName="Grootaert" authorityYear="2018" box="[257,498,1207,1231]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF2FFC26003F684FE3F4AC0" box="[257,498,1207,1231]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="428">Thinophilus comatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20957E4FFF2FFC260FFF68BFD974AC0" box="[509,602,1208,1231]" pageId="15" pageNumber="428" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has its peak activity in May followed by a very low activity from June to December. There is no clear relationship of its activity with the monsoons.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3546506FFF2FFC26173F764FD224940" pageId="15" pageNumber="428" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF2FFC26173F764FE4D4B60" blockId="15.[113,384,1367,1391]" box="[113,384,1367,1391]" pageId="15" pageNumber="428">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF2FFC26173F764FEC94B60" bold="true" box="[113,260,1367,1391]" pageId="15" pageNumber="428">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F359761DFFF2FFC2600EF764FEB14B60" box="[268,380,1367,1391]" name="Singapore" pageId="15" pageNumber="428">Singapore</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF2FFC26173F7A4FEA64BE0" blockId="15.[113,752,1431,1519]" pageId="15" pageNumber="428">
Although that
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFF2FFC26015F7ABFE5F4BA0" authorityName="Grootaert" authorityYear="2018" box="[279,402,1432,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF2FFC26015F7ABFE5F4BA0" box="[279,402,1432,1455]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="428">T. comatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20957E4FFF2FFC2609FF7ABFE3A4BA0" box="[413,503,1432,1455]" pageId="15" pageNumber="428" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is abundant on Pulau Semakau and Pulau Ubin, it was not recorded in other localities in
<collectingCountry id="F359761DFFF2FFC261FAF7E4FEA54BE0" box="[248,360,1495,1519]" name="Singapore" pageId="15" pageNumber="428">Singapore</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1368DFFF2FFC26173F42BFD224940" blockId="15.[113,754,1559,1871]" pageId="15" pageNumber="428">
A similar and common species occurs in
<collectingCountry id="F359761DFFF2FFC26344F424FD424820" box="[582,655,1559,1583]" name="Brunei" pageId="15" pageNumber="428">Brunei</collectingCountry>
that has only the fore leg with very long bristles on the femur, tibia and basal tarsomeres. The fore coxa is black except for the tip. In
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFF2FFC261EBF44BFEAC4880" authorityName="Grootaert" authorityYear="2018" box="[233,353,1656,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF2FFC261EBF44BFEAC4880" box="[233,353,1656,1679]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="428">T. comatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20957E4FFF2FFC26069F44BFE094880" box="[363,452,1656,1679]" pageId="15" pageNumber="428" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the fore coxa is yellow in the male except for the extreme base; all tarsomeres 5 are black while brown in
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFF2FFC26066F48BFE1648C0" authorityName="Grootaert" authorityYear="2018" box="[356,475,1720,1743]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF2FFC26066F48BFE1648C0" box="[356,475,1720,1743]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="428">T. comatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20957E4FFF2FFC260E1F48BFDF448C0" box="[483,569,1720,1743]" pageId="15" pageNumber="428" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and there are no long ventral bristles on mid femur (about 5 long ventral near base in
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFF2FFC261FEF4CBFEBF4900" authorityName="Grootaert" authorityYear="2018" box="[252,370,1784,1807]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF2FFC261FEF4CBFEBF4900" box="[252,370,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="428">T. comatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20957E4FFF2FFC2607AF4CBFE034900" box="[376,462,1784,1807]" pageId="15" pageNumber="428" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
). This species is probably
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0EFFF2FFC26170F52BFEA34920" authority="Parent, 1935" authorityName="Parent" authorityYear="1935" box="[114,366,1815,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Thinophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciliatus">
<emphasis id="B93AEA9FFFF2FFC26170F52BFF124920" box="[114,223,1815,1839]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="428">T. ciliatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7CFFF2FFC261E4F52BFEA34920" author="Parent OP" box="[230,366,1815,1839]" pageId="15" pageNumber="428" pagination="194 - 215" refId="ref36567" refString="Parent OP (1935) Dipteres conserves au Museum des Etats Malais confederes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 15: 194 - 215, 519 - 531." type="journal article" year="1935">Parent, 1935</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(p. 525) described from N. Borneo (it has black fore coxa, squama with rigid black ciliation).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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