treatments-xml/data/03/A6/87/03A687F4EE13FFFCFF45FF61497353A4.xml

<document id="47E943D670820C3F7124B79D60656568" ID-CLB-Dataset="282878" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.630.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="814688d9-acb1-49e2-911d-e3484c0e9bdd" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10417658" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1703151524948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tarafder, Entaj, Dutta, Arun Kumar, Karunarathna, Samantha C., He, Mao-Qiang, Tian, Fenghua &amp; Acharya, Krishnendu" docDate="2023" docId="03A687F4EE13FFFCFF45FF61497353A4" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.630.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 630 (4)" docSource="https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.630.4.1/51380" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Agaricus endoxanthus Berk. &amp; Broome, J. Linn. Soc., Bot." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="252" masterDocId="FF9FFF8CEE14FFF4FFCDFF954B115378" masterDocTitle="Agaricus sect. Xanthodermatei (Agaricales) of West Bengal, India" masterLastPageNumber="265" masterPageNumber="245" pageNumber="252" updateTime="1704459416290" updateUser="karina" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="7740DC19D93D59E9B479F063020D9207">Agaricus sect. Xanthodermatei (Agaricales) of West Bengal, India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="63F0B29F898DF944658D3CC0C26A8920">Tarafder, Entaj</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BA69F1249FD0DE245E73E6D32E21F234">Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, People’s Republic of China. &amp; Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4807F1DE34AE88DBE0053B6FE9E762D7">Dutta, Arun Kumar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C821DDD8639694287CB03273B2FF01EE">Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar, Jalukbari, Guwahati - 781014, Assam, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="63D8E4FD30ABCB4876564B1127C71A27">Karunarathna, Samantha C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="79C3F6906FED880FE5FAD7FC759D5CBF">Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, People’s Republic of China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C19794BEF15AA3A17C92E87EDB8358CB">He, Mao-Qiang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D9DC7969985EDE04A4246368349900D2">State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F8D4DA63EFED50A26898D570AB8347DE">Tian, Fenghua</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CD000CD45EAB51E5EEE9BB03169B5CD6">Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, People’s Republic of China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="F697599FA3AF7BEDF8B8CD85A2289492">Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03A687F4EE13FFFCFF45FF61497353A4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10425705" ID-GBIF-Taxon="220203608" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10425705" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687F4EE13FFFCFF45FF61497353A4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687F4EE13FFFCFF45FF61497353A4" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="252" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
<heading id="D0F8818EEE13FFF3FF45FF614FD95276" box="[136,1224,244,271]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" reason="3">
<subSubSection id="C3156569EE13FFF3FF45FF614F135276" box="[136,1026,244,271]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB036E2EE13FFF3FF45FF614F135276" blockId="7.[136,1224,244,271]" box="[136,1026,244,271]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
<treatmentCitation id="0AAE10F3EE13FFF3FF45FF614F135276" author="Berk. &amp; Broome" box="[136,1026,244,271]" issue="56" journal="J. Linn. Soc., Bot." page="548" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" score="21.385408720746693" volume="11" year="1871">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D61EE13FFF3FF45FF6148395277" authority="Berk. &amp; Broome, J. Linn. Soc., Bot." authorityName="Berk. &amp; Broome, J. Linn. Soc., Bot." box="[136,808,244,271]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="endoxanthus">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF0EE13FFF3FF45FF614A9D5277" bold="true" box="[136,396,244,271]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Agaricus endoxanthus</emphasis>
Berk. &amp; Broome, J. Linn. Soc., Bot.
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11(56): 548 (1871)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3156569EE13FFF3FBC4FF614F4757CF" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB036E2EE13FFF3FBC4FF614FD95276" blockId="7.[136,1224,244,271]" box="[1033,1224,244,270]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
(
<figureCitation id="13342A67EE13FFF3FBDCFF614FB45276" box="[1041,1189,244,270]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[136,234,2008,2030]" captionTargetBox="[205,1383,250,1971]" captionTargetId="figure-51@8.[198,1390,242,1980]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Field photographs of the basidiomata of (a–c) Agaricus endoxanthus. (d–e) A. melanocarpus. (f) A. punjabensis. (g–h) A. xanthodermulus. Scale bars: a–c = 20 mm, d–e = 10 mm, f = 20 mm, g = 15 mm, h = 10 mm. Photographed by: E. Tarafder" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10417662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10417662/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Figures 2a–c</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13342A67EE13FFF3FB7CFF614FAE5276" box="[1201,1215,244,270]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[136,234,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[246,1341,194,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-18@9.[242,1345,190,1955]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Agaricus endoxanthus. (a) Basidiospores (b) Basidia (c) Basidioles (d) Cheilocystidia (e) Pileipellis hyphae. Scale bars: a–d = 5 μm, e = 10 μm. Drawing by: E. Tarafder" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10417664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10417664/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036E2EE13FFF3FF45FE8D4918524A" blockId="7.[136,521,280,307]" box="[136,521,280,307]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Index Fungorum Number: 226162</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036E2EE13FFF3FF45FEF54E0A519A" blockId="7.[136,1452,352,2071]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF0EE13FFF3FF45FEF54BDF5202" box="[136,206,352,378]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Pileus</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CF79B07EE13FFF3FF14FEF54A735203" box="[217,354,352,379]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" unit="mm" value="75.0" valueMax="110.0" valueMin="40.0">40–110 mm</quantity>
in diameter., broadly convex to hemispheric when young, then parabolic to plane at maturity, depressed at centre; surface dry, slightly slippery, appressed squamulose, innately scaly, greyish brown (5E1) to brownish beige (6E3), squamules easily removable on peeling; margin slightly cracked, non-striate, rimose when mature; context 
<quantity id="4CF79B07EE13FFF3FEF1FE594A6D529F" box="[316,380,460,487]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
thick at centre, white (1A1), fleshy, colour turns greyish yellow (1A4) on cutting, then gradually change into yellowish brown (5D 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B5025EE13FFF3FE36FE6549225173" box="[507,563,496,523]" degrees="8, 5" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" precision="5555" value="8.5">8, 5E</geoCoordinate>
7) to olive brown (4E8). 
<emphasis id="B97BEAF0EE13FFF3FCF2FE6548B65172" box="[831,935,496,522]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Lamellae</emphasis>
free, 
<quantity id="4CF79B07EE13FFF3FC28FE654F515173" box="[997,1088,496,523]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="2.0">2–6 mm</quantity>
broad, close to crowded; with 2– 3 series of lamellulae, pinkish white to cream when young, becoming brown (6-7D7) to dark brown (6F6) on maturity; regular, edge even, concolorous. 
<emphasis id="B97BEAF0EE13FFF3FE37FDAD4923512A" box="[506,562,568,594]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Stipe</emphasis>
30–74 × 
<quantity id="4CF79B07EE13FFF3FD51FDAD4806512B" box="[668,791,568,595]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12 mm</quantity>
, central, slightly curved, equal, surface smooth, white both above and below the annulus, dark brown (6F6-7) at the extreme base, turning yellowish brown (5D 
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7) to olive brown (4E8) on bruising; context fleshy fibrous, hollow, colour turning gradually pastel yellow (1A1) on cutting, bulbous (up to 
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) with white rhizomorphs. 
<emphasis id="B97BEAF0EE13FFF3FD69FD31481151C6" box="[676,768,676,702]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Annulus</emphasis>
superous, double, membranous, upper surface smooth, lower surface with floccose, sometimes fibrillose scales, thick, 
<quantity id="4CF79B07EE13FFF3FCCBFD5D4844519B" box="[774,853,712,739]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
in diam., white (1A1). 
<emphasis id="B97BEAF0EE13FFF3FB96FD5D4FB5519A" box="[1115,1188,712,738]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Odour</emphasis>
indistinct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036E2EE13FFF3FF70FD794A61577A" blockId="7.[136,1452,352,2071]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF0EE13FFF3FF70FD794A4A507E" box="[189,347,748,774]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Basidiospores</emphasis>
[54,2,2] (5.2–)6.1–7.5(–8.2) × (3.5–)4.4–4.8(–5.3) μm, X 
<subScript id="178B34A7EE13FFF3FC29FD6A48E05075" attach="left" box="[996,1009,767,781]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">m</subScript>
= 6.98 ± 0.8 × 4.56 ± 0.4 μm, Q = 1.3– 1.68, Q 
<subScript id="178B34A7EE13FFF3FF16FCB64BF95049" attach="left" box="[219,232,803,817]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">m</subScript>
= 1.53 ± 0.09, ellipsoid, smooth, brown with KOH, thick-walled. 
<emphasis id="B97BEAF0EE13FFF3FC1DFC854F375052" box="[976,1062,784,810]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Basidia</emphasis>
17–21 × 5–8 μm, clavate, hyaline, gluttulate, thin-walled, smooth, 4-spored, sterigmata 1.5–3 μm long. 
<emphasis id="B97BEAF0EE13FFF3FC58FCA14F1B5036" box="[917,1034,820,846]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Basidioles</emphasis>
13–18 × 5–6.5 μm, clavate, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth. 
<emphasis id="B97BEAF0EE13FFF3FEB3FCCD4931500A" box="[382,544,856,882]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Cheilocystidia</emphasis>
12–27 × 9–15 µm, pyriform to broadly clavate, sub-globose to subspherical, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth. 
<emphasis id="B97BEAF0EE13FFF3FE16FCE9496C50EE" box="[475,637,892,918]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Pleurocystidia</emphasis>
absent. 
<emphasis id="B97BEAF0EE13FFF3FD13FCE9484150EE" box="[734,848,892,918]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Pileipellis</emphasis>
a cutis, hyphae 8–11 μm broad, branched, cells with brown pigments, thin-walled, smooth. 
<emphasis id="B97BEAF0EE13FFF3FDFBFC3549A750C2" box="[566,694,928,954]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Stipitipellis</emphasis>
hyphae 5–6 μm broad, light brown with KOH, thin-walled. 
<emphasis id="B97BEAF0EE13FFF3FA9DFC354EBD50C2" box="[1360,1452,928,954]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Annulus</emphasis>
composed of long cylindrical hyphae, 4–10 μm broad, hyaline to light brown with KOH, not constricted at the septa, smooth, thin-walled.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036E2EE13FFF3FF70FB99490457EA" blockId="7.[136,1452,352,2071]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Macrochemical reactions:—KOH reaction positive, pileus surface initially turning yellow (2A6, 3B6) and gradually changing to dark yellow (4C8), pileus context becoming light yellow (2A5), stipe surface at first turning olive yellow (2C8) and slowly changing to dark yellow (4C8), stipe context turning olive yellow (2C8); Schäffer reaction on pileus surface negative.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036E2EE13FFF3FF70FB094F4757CF" blockId="7.[136,1452,352,2071]" box="[189,1110,1180,1207]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Habit and habitat:—solitary, terrestrial on humus soil under a dicotyledonous tree.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB036E2EE13FFF3FF70FB554E0C565B" blockId="7.[136,1452,352,2071]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
<materialsCitation id="3B673CBFEE13FFF3FF70FB554F845787" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4500021301" collectingDate="2019-08-17" collectionCode="CUH" collectorName="A. K. Dutta &amp; K. Acharya" country="India" county="Specimen" latitude="23.255417" location="Burdwan University Campus" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="87.84753" municipality="Burdwan District" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" specimenCode="AM755" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="West Bengal">
<collectingCounty id="62D14E6EEE13FFF3FF70FB554A3A57A2" box="[189,299,1216,1242]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Specimen</collectingCounty>
examined:— 
<collectingCountry id="F3187672EE13FFF3FE04FB55490D57A2" box="[457,540,1216,1242]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">INDIA</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="49CBF800EE13FFF3FDE4FB5449AF57A2" box="[553,702,1216,1243]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD4AC98EE13FFF3FD00FB55488757A2" box="[717,918,1216,1242]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Burdwan District</collectingMunicipality>
, 
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, 
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, 
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, alt. 42.0 m asl., 
<date id="FFB11022EE13FFF3FE3EFB7149BF5786" box="[499,686,1252,1278]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" value="2019-08-17">
<collectingDate id="EFF5E9CAEE13FFF3FE3EFB7149BF5786" box="[499,686,1252,1278]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" value="2019-08-17">17 August 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26FA5334EE13FFF3FD77FB7148285787" box="[698,825,1252,1279]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">A.K. Dutta</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26FA5334EE13FFF3FCAEFB7048F85786" box="[867,1001,1252,1279]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">K. Acharya</collectorName>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE27EE13FFF3FC3BFB714F205786" box="[1014,1073,1252,1278]" country="India" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12740" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12740" name="Calcutta University" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" type="Herbarium">CUH</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBA99E99EE13FFF3FBF7FB714F845787" box="[1082,1173,1252,1279]" collectionCode="AM" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" type="Museum">AM755</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B673CBFEE13FFF3FB6EFB714E08565B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4500021303" collectingDate="2021-06-21" collectionCode="R, CUH" collectorName="E. Tarafder &amp; Das" country="India" county="Kolkata" latitude="22.547112" location="Race Course" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="88.334946" municipality="Maidan" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" specimenCode="AM765" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="West Bengal">
<collectingCounty id="62D14E6EEE13FFF3FB6EFB714FEE5786" box="[1187,1279,1252,1278]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Kolkata</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD4AC98EE13FFF3FAC0FB714E745786" box="[1293,1381,1252,1278]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Maidan</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8ED06039EE13FFF3FABEFB704BCB565A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687F4EE13FFFCFF45FF61497353A4:8ED06039EE13FFF3FABEFB704BCB565A" country="India" county="Kolkata" latitude="22.547112" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="88.334946" municipality="Maidan" name="Race Course" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" stateProvince="West Bengal">Race Course</location>
, 
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B5025EE13FFF3FE5FFA9D493E565B" box="[402,559,1288,1315]" degrees="88" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" precision="1" seconds="05.8" value="88.334946">88°20’05.8”E</geoCoordinate>
, alt. 8.0 m asl., 
<date id="FFB11022EE13FFF3FD2DFA9D4869565A" box="[736,888,1288,1315]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" value="2021-06-21">
<collectingDate id="EFF5E9CAEE13FFF3FD2DFA9D4869565A" box="[736,888,1288,1315]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" value="2021-06-21">21 June 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26FA5334EE13FFF3FC4EFA9C48EE565A" box="[899,1023,1288,1315]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">E. Tarafder</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE27EE13FFF3FBE9FA9C4F2B565B" box="[1060,1082,1289,1315]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">R</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName id="26FA5334EE13FFF3FB89FA9C4F63565B" box="[1092,1138,1289,1315]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Das</collectorName>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE27EE13FFF3FBB3FA9D4FA8565A" box="[1150,1209,1288,1314]" country="India" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12740" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12740" name="Calcutta University" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" type="Herbarium">CUH</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBA99E99EE13FFF3FB73FA9D4E08565B" box="[1214,1305,1288,1315]" collectionCode="AM" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" type="Museum">AM765</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3156569EE13FFF3FF70FAB94F6D55AA" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB036E2EE13FFF3FF70FAB94EB156CA" blockId="7.[136,1452,352,2071]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
Remarks: 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D61EE13FFF3FEFEFAB94921563E" authority="Berk. &amp; Broome, J. Linn. Soc., Bot." authorityName="Berk. &amp; Broome, J. Linn. Soc., Bot." box="[307,560,1324,1350]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="endoxanthus">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF0EE13FFF3FEFEFAB94921563E" box="[307,560,1324,1350]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Agaricus endoxanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described from Peradeniya, 
<collectingCountry id="F3187672EE13FFF3FBE6FAB94F8D563E" box="[1067,1180,1324,1350]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B13EE13FFF3FB60FAB94BD05612" author="Berkeley, M. J. &amp; Broome, C. E." pageId="7" pageNumber="252" pagination="494 - 567" refId="ref10091" refString="Berkeley, M. J. &amp; Broome, C. E. (1871) The fungi of Ceylon (Hymenomycetes, from Agaricus to Cantharellus). The Journal of the Linnean Society (Botany) 9: 494 - 567. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1871. tb 00163. x" type="journal article" year="1871">Berkeley and Broome 1871</bibRefCitation>
) and subsequently recorded from various countries like 
<collectingCountry id="F3187672EE13FFF3FC8AFAC5488F5612" box="[839,926,1360,1386]" name="Uganda" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Uganda</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B13EE13FFF3FC62FAC54F2C5612" author="Pegler, D. N." box="[943,1085,1360,1386]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" pagination="1 - 615" refId="ref13370" refString="Pegler, D. N. (1977) Preliminary agaric flora of East Africa. Kew Bulletin Additional Series 6: 1 - 615." type="book chapter" year="1977">Pegler 1977</bibRefCitation>
), Martinique (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B13EE13FFF3FB12FAC54E7C5612" author="Pegler, D. N." box="[1247,1389,1360,1386]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" pagination="1 - 668" refId="ref13396" refString="Pegler, D. N. (1983) Agaric flora of the Lesser Antilles. Kew Bulletin Additional Series 9: 1 - 668." type="book chapter" year="1983">Pegler 1983</bibRefCitation>
), and 
<collectingCountry id="F3187672EE13FFF3FF45FAE14BD956F6" box="[136,200,1396,1422]" name="Spain" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Spain</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B13EE13FFF3FF1BFAE14A8656F6" author="Parra, L. A. &amp; Villarreal, M. &amp; Esteve-Raventos, F." box="[214,407,1396,1423]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" pagination="225 - 233" refId="ref13180" refString="Parra, L. A., Villarreal, M. &amp; Esteve-Raventos, F. (2002) Agaricus endoxanthus una especie tropicale trovata in Spagna. Rivista di Micologia 45 (3): 225 - 233." type="journal article" year="2002">
Parra 
<emphasis id="B97BEAF0EE13FFF3FED7FAE04A5D56F6" box="[282,332,1396,1422]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
). In 
<collectingCountry id="F3187672EE13FFF3FE05FAE1491556F6" box="[456,516,1396,1422]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">India</collectingCountry>
, this species was previously recorded from 
<collectingRegion id="49CBF800EE13FFF3FC20FAE14F2956F6" box="[1005,1080,1396,1422]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Kerala</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B13EE13FFF3FB8BFAE14E0756F6" author="Vrinda, K. B. &amp; Pradeep, C. K. &amp; Mathew, S. &amp; Abraham, T. K." box="[1094,1302,1396,1423]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" pagination="198 - 200" refId="ref14577" refString="Vrinda, K. B., Pradeep, C. K., Mathew, S. &amp; Abraham, T. K. (1999) Agaricales from Western Ghats - VI. Indian Phytopathology 52 (2): 198 - 200." type="journal article" year="1999">
Vrinda 
<emphasis id="B97BEAF0EE13FFF3FB51FAE04FDC56F6" box="[1180,1229,1396,1422]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">et al</emphasis>
. 1999
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B13EE13FFF3FAEFFAE14A0756CA" author="Pradeep, C. K. &amp; Vrinda, K. B." pageId="7" pageNumber="252" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref13593" refString="Pradeep, C. K. &amp; Vrinda, K. B. (2007) Some noteworthy agarics from Western Ghats of Kerala. Journal of Mycopathological Research 45 (1): 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="2007">Pradeep and Vrinda 2007</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B13EE13FFF3FEECFA0D495056CA" author="Vrinda, K. B. &amp; Pradeep, C. K." box="[289,577,1432,1458]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" pagination="231 - 246" refId="ref14541" refString="Vrinda, K. B. &amp; Pradeep, C. K. (2011) Toxic and hallucinogenic mushrooms of Kerala. Journal of Mycopathological Research 49 (2): 231 - 246." type="journal article" year="2011">Vrinda and Pradeep 2011</bibRefCitation>
). Our two collections constitute the first records for the state of 
<collectingRegion id="49CBF800EE13FFF3FAC6FA0C4E8D56CA" box="[1291,1436,1432,1459]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036E2EE13FFF3FF70FA294A39553A" blockId="7.[136,1452,352,2071]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
The morphological characteristics of our 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D61EE13FFF3FD4CFA2949D856AE" box="[641,713,1468,1494]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Indian" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Indian</taxonomicName>
collections match the 
<typeStatus id="54B48840EE13FFF3FC71FA2848FD56AF" box="[956,1004,1469,1495]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">type</typeStatus>
specimen (5.08–7.62 μm long; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B13EE13FFF3FA8BFA294A485682" author="Berkeley, M. J. &amp; Broome, C. E." pageId="7" pageNumber="252" pagination="494 - 567" refId="ref10091" refString="Berkeley, M. J. &amp; Broome, C. E. (1871) The fungi of Ceylon (Hymenomycetes, from Agaricus to Cantharellus). The Journal of the Linnean Society (Botany) 9: 494 - 567. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1871. tb 00163. x" type="journal article" year="1871">Berkeley and Broome 1871</bibRefCitation>
) as well as the material described from 
<collectingCountry id="F3187672EE13FFF3FCF8FA75489D5682" box="[821,908,1504,1530]" name="Uganda" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Uganda</collectingCountry>
(4.5–6.4 × 3–4.5 μm; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B13EE13FFF3FB57FA754E395682" author="Pegler, D. N." box="[1178,1320,1504,1530]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" pagination="1 - 615" refId="ref13370" refString="Pegler, D. N. (1977) Preliminary agaric flora of East Africa. Kew Bulletin Additional Series 6: 1 - 615." type="book chapter" year="1977">Pegler 1977</bibRefCitation>
). However, collections from 
<collectingCountry id="F3187672EE13FFF3FE85F9914A995566" box="[328,392,1540,1566]" name="Spain" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Spain</collectingCountry>
(4.5–6 × 3–3.8 μm; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B13EE13FFF3FDBEF99049E15566" author="Parra, L. A. &amp; Villarreal, M. &amp; Esteve-Raventos, F." box="[627,752,1540,1567]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" pagination="225 - 233" refId="ref13180" refString="Parra, L. A., Villarreal, M. &amp; Esteve-Raventos, F. (2002) Agaricus endoxanthus una especie tropicale trovata in Spagna. Rivista di Micologia 45 (3): 225 - 233." type="journal article" year="2002">Parra 2002</bibRefCitation>
) and Martinique (5–6 × 3–3.5 μm; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B13EE13FFF3FB4EF9914E1D5566" author="Pegler, D. N." box="[1155,1292,1540,1566]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" pagination="1 - 668" refId="ref13396" refString="Pegler, D. N. (1983) Agaric flora of the Lesser Antilles. Kew Bulletin Additional Series 9: 1 - 668." type="book chapter" year="1983">Pegler 1983</bibRefCitation>
) have smaller basidiospores.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036E2EE13FFF3FF70F9D94F6D55AA" blockId="7.[136,1452,352,2071]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
Among morphologically similar taxa: 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D61EE13FFF3FD4BF9D9487D551E" box="[646,876,1612,1638]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="volvatulus">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF0EE13FFF3FD4BF9D9487D551E" box="[646,876,1612,1638]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Agaricus volvatulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks cheilocystidia and an unchanging surface (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B13EE13FFF3FF42F9E54A4555F3" author="Heinemann, P." box="[143,340,1648,1675]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" pagination="1 - 127" refId="ref11626" refString="Heinemann, P. (1956) Champignons recoltes au Congo Belge par madame M. Goossens Fontana II. Agaricus Fries s. s. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de l'Etat a Bruxelles 26: 1 - 127. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3667096" type="journal article" year="1956">Heinemann 1956</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D61EE13FFF3FEAAF9E5486E55F2" authority="P. Callac &amp; R. L. Zhao" authorityName="P. Callac &amp; R. L. Zhao" box="[359,895,1648,1675]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sinoplacomyces">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF0EE13FFF3FEAAF9E5499255F2" box="[359,643,1648,1674]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Agaricus sinoplacomyces</emphasis>
P. Callac &amp; R.L. Zhao
</taxonomicName>
, has a pileus surface covered with fibrillose scales breaking into small concentrically arranged squamules outside the disc, an entirely white stipe, a greater number of lamellulae (in seven series), and elongated basidiospores (Q mean 1.68; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B13EE13FFF3FC7FF92D4F6155AA" author="Zhou, J. L. &amp; Su, S. Y. &amp; Su, H. Y. &amp; Wang, B. &amp; Callac, P. &amp; Guinberteau, J. &amp; Hyde, K. D. &amp; Zhao, R. L." box="[946,1136,1720,1747]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" pagination="2" refId="ref15106" refString="Zhou, J. L., Su, S. Y., Su, H. Y., Wang, B., Callac, P., Guinberteau, J., Hyde, K. D. &amp; Zhao, R. L. (2016) A description of eleven new species of Agaricus sections Xanthodermatei and Hondenses collected from Tibet and the surrounding areas. Phytotaxa 257 (2): 099 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 257.2.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
Zhou 
<emphasis id="B97BEAF0EE13FFF3FC39F92C4F3755AA" box="[1012,1062,1720,1746]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3156569EE13FFFCFF70F949497353A4" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB036E2EE13FFFCFF70F949497353A4" blockId="7.[136,1452,352,2071]" lastBlockId="8.[136,1452,158,220]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D61EE13FFF3FF70F9494AA6558E" authority="Berk. &amp; Broome, J. Linn. Soc., Bot." authorityName="Berk. &amp; Broome, J. Linn. Soc., Bot." box="[189,439,1756,1782]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="endoxanthus">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF0EE13FFF3FF70F9494AA6558E" box="[189,439,1756,1782]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Agaricus endoxanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a tropical species that was first discovered in 
<collectingCountry id="F3187672EE13FFF3FC00F9494F2B558E" box="[973,1082,1756,1782]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B13EE13FFF3FB85F9494E7F558E" author="Berkeley, M. J. &amp; Broome, C. E." box="[1096,1390,1756,1783]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" pagination="494 - 567" refId="ref10091" refString="Berkeley, M. J. &amp; Broome, C. E. (1871) The fungi of Ceylon (Hymenomycetes, from Agaricus to Cantharellus). The Journal of the Linnean Society (Botany) 9: 494 - 567. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1871. tb 00163. x" type="journal article" year="1871">Berkeley &amp; Broome 1871</bibRefCitation>
). The morphological features of this species include the presence of dark appressed squamules on the surface of the pileus, which may exhibit a fibrillose texture or radial and/or concentric splitting. Additionally, when the stipe base is cut, a chrome yellow discoloration can be observed. The spores of this species have an average size of 6.98 × 4.56 μm. Furthermore, the pileipellis hyphae consist of elements that are clearly constricted at the septa and contain vacuolar pigment. Field features including pileus colour and yellowish discolouration when cut at the stipe base can confuse 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D61EE13FFF3FF45F8214A4554B6" ID-CoL="65N7Q" box="[136,340,1972,1998]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="moelleri">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF0EE13FFF3FF45F8214A4554B6" box="[136,340,1972,1998]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Agaricus moelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D61EE13FFF3FE57F821495854B6" authority="Berk. &amp; Broome, J. Linn. Soc., Bot." authorityName="Berk. &amp; Broome, J. Linn. Soc., Bot." box="[410,585,1972,1998]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="endoxanthus">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF0EE13FFF3FE57F821495854B6" box="[410,585,1972,1998]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">A. endoxanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the former has larger basidiospores (5.8 × 3.7 μm average) and filamentous pileipellis hyphae with dispersed pigment (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B13EE13FFF3FCCFF84D48FE548B" author="Kerrigan, R. W. &amp; Callac, P. &amp; Guinberteau, J. &amp; Challen, M. P. &amp; Parra, L. A." box="[770,1007,2008,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" pagination="1292 - 1315" refId="ref12060" refString="Kerrigan, R. W., Callac, P., Guinberteau, J., Challen, M. P. &amp; Parra, L. A. (2005) Agaricus section Xanthodermatei: a phylogenetic reconstruction with commentary on taxa. Mycologia 97: 1292 - 1315. https: // doi. org / 10.3852 / mycologia. 97.6.1292" type="journal article" year="2005">
Kerrigan 
<emphasis id="B97BEAF0EE13FFF3FCBCF84C48B5548A" box="[881,932,2008,2034]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B13EE13FFF3FC30F84C4F6E548A" author="Parra, L. A." box="[1021,1151,2008,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" refId="ref13145" refString="Parra, L. A. (2013) Agaricus L. Allopsalliota, Nauta &amp; Bas. Fungi Europaei 1 A. Candusso Edizioni s. a. s. Alassio, Italy." type="book" year="2013">Parra 2013</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D61EE13FFF3FB5EF84D4E81548A" authority="Berk. &amp; Broome, J. Linn. Soc., Bot." authorityName="Berk. &amp; Broome, J. Linn. Soc., Bot." box="[1171,1424,2008,2034]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="endoxanthus">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF0EE13FFF3FB5EF84D4E81548A" box="[1171,1424,2008,2034]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Agaricus endoxanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is naturally distributed in tropical areas, but 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D61EE13FFF3FDA4F86949F65B6E" ID-CoL="65N7Q" box="[617,743,2044,2070]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="moelleri">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF0EE13FFF3FDA4F86949F65B6E" box="[617,743,2044,2070]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">A. moelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only been found in non-tropical areas in Europe and 
<collectingCountry id="F3187672EE13FFF3FAB3F8684EBA5B6F" box="[1406,1451,2045,2071]" name="Iran" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Iran</collectingCountry>
(Mahdizadeh 
<emphasis id="B97BEAF0EE1CFFFCFEEBFF0A4A4B53C0" box="[294,346,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">et al</emphasis>
. 2018; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B13EE1CFFFCFE79FF0A492753C0" author="Parra, L. A." box="[436,566,158,185]" pageId="8" pageNumber="253" refId="ref13145" refString="Parra, L. A. (2013) Agaricus L. Allopsalliota, Nauta &amp; Bas. Fungi Europaei 1 A. Candusso Edizioni s. a. s. Alassio, Italy." type="book" year="2013">Parra 2013</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D61EE1CFFFCFD86FF0A481353C0" ID-CoL="65NWJ" box="[587,770,158,185]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="253" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="rotalis">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF0EE1CFFFCFD86FF0A481353C0" box="[587,770,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">Agaricus rotalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, first described on Hawaii Island, is now a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D61EE1CFFFCFA5EFF0A4A0753A4" authority="Berk. &amp; Broome, J. Linn. Soc., Bot." authorityName="Berk. &amp; Broome, J. Linn. Soc., Bot." class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="253" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="endoxanthus">
<emphasis id="B97BEAF0EE1CFFFCFA5EFF0A4A0753A4" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">A. endoxanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B13EE1CFFFCFEE9FF574AB253A4" author="Parra, L. A." box="[292,419,194,220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="253" refId="ref13145" refString="Parra, L. A. (2013) Agaricus L. Allopsalliota, Nauta &amp; Bas. Fungi Europaei 1 A. Candusso Edizioni s. a. s. Alassio, Italy." type="book" year="2013">Parra 2013</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B13EE1CFFFCFE62FF57494753A4" author="Kerrigan, R. W." box="[431,598,194,220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="253" pagination="1 - 574" refId="ref12033" refString="Kerrigan, R. W. (2016) Agaricus of North America. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 114: 1 - 574." type="journal article" year="2016">Kerrigan 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>