735 lines
84 KiB
XML
735 lines
84 KiB
XML
<document id="4FAAEF883E5A27B143341CEF6D3B3D56" ID-CLB-Dataset="31847" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4329.6.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0e5f6453-78e1-4fed-831b-a6385cc5cf07" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1010145" ID-ZooBank="EC2E87B4-47CB-4F7D-AF86-4EBAB14D1514" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1507884713398" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jeffrey H Robinson" docDate="2017" docId="03A687F30A74FF9EFF3628977BD64F3B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4329.6.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4329 (6)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Novocrania philippinensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="528" masterDocId="FF9FFF8B0A62FF82FFA12D017A3A4E5C" masterDocTitle="A review of all Recent species in the genus Novocrania (Craniata, Brachiopoda)" masterLastPageNumber="559" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="523" updateTime="1698469512098" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F7F5380D004B55DCF7DC72C0196DBD68">A review of all Recent species in the genus Novocrania (Craniata, Brachiopoda)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="8D4B3E31C6A492F191869779729EB936" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="008CC6DA0254BDA8A1BB1CD595889DEF">Jeffrey H Robinson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A333DE174C3EAF64C8821E645B4B8B86">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2820B093379617079C286C4B43257DF1">
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<mods:date id="683DD07E39D648208F3F40A0C455DEDC">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C86F55FF5F6D0C0A67AADFA1F5C11543">2017-10-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6D673D80841FB155F7348552A0777C74">4329</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="09D0839AB6E91B5A4050BFAB7599DE80" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4329.6.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A687F30A74FF9EFF3628977BD64F3B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6041639" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135435379" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6041639" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687F30A74FF9EFF3628977BD64F3B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687F30A74FF9EFF3628977BD64F3B" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="528" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
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<subSubSection id="C315656E0A74FF94FF3628977BF34B8D" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB036E50A74FF94FF36289778574BEC" blockId="22.[151,621,1430,1490]" box="[151,621,1430,1456]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
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<heading id="D0F881890A74FF94FF36289778574BEC" bold="true" box="[151,621,1430,1456]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A74FF94FF36289778574BEC" ID-CoL="48275" authority="(Dall, 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Dall" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[151,621,1430,1456]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="22" pageNumber="533" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="philippinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A74FF94FF36289778574BEC" bold="true" box="[151,621,1430,1456]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A74FF94FF3628977BEF4BEC" bold="true" box="[151,469,1430,1456]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Novocrania philippinenSiS</emphasis>
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||
(Dall, 1920)
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||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A74FF94FF3628B87BF34B8D" blockId="22.[151,621,1430,1490]" box="[151,457,1465,1490]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Stratigraphic range: Recent</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315656E0A74FF94FF362B007E534893" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A74FF94FF362B007906484B" blockId="22.[151,1159,1537,1621]" box="[151,828,1537,1559]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A74FF94FF362B007906484B" box="[151,828,1537,1559]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" type="journal article">
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A74FF94FF362B007AF7484B" box="[151,205,1537,1559]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">1920</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A74FF94FF762B037824484B" box="[215,542,1537,1559]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A74FF94FF762B037B89484B" box="[215,435,1537,1559]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Crania philippinensis</emphasis>
|
||
Dall
|
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<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A74FF94FE4A2B037824484B" box="[491,542,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Proc</emphasis>
|
||
</title>
|
||
.
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A74FF94FD892B0378FE484B" box="[552,708,1538,1559]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A74FF94FD892B037860484B" box="[552,602,1538,1559]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">U. S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
Nat. Mus.
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
,
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A74FF94FD712B0078D6484B" box="[720,748,1537,1559]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" type="volume">57</part>
|
||
, p.
|
||
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A74FF94FCAE2B007902484B" box="[783,824,1537,1559]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" type="pagination">272</pagination>
|
||
.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A74FF94FF362B217E404808" blockId="22.[151,1159,1537,1621]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A74FF94FF362B217E404808" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" type="journal article">
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A74FF94FF362B217EB9486A" box="[151,1155,1568,1590]" jopScore="1.659255" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
|
||
1986:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A74FF94FF762B207BEC486A" box="[215,470,1568,1590]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Neocrania philippinensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Dall), Lee & Brunton,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A74FF94FD6A2B2179A7486A" box="[715,925,1568,1590]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus.</emphasis>
|
||
(Geol.), 40 (4), p. 152
|
||
</title>
|
||
.
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A74FF94FF362B3F7AF74808" box="[151,205,1598,1620]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">2001</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A74FF94FF762B417E274808" box="[215,1053,1598,1621]" jopScore="3.097276" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A74FF94FF762B417BD84808" box="[215,482,1598,1621]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Novocrania philippinensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Dall), Lee & Brunton,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A74FF94FD792B3F79904809" box="[728,938,1598,1621]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus.</emphasis>
|
||
(Geol.), 57
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
(
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A74FF94FB8F2B3F7E034808" box="[1070,1081,1598,1620]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" type="issue">1</part>
|
||
), p.
|
||
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A74FF94FBC62B3F7E4C4808" box="[1127,1142,1598,1620]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" type="pagination">5</pagination>
|
||
.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A74FF94FF362B7D79CF48CE" blockId="22.[151,1143,1660,1743]" box="[151,1013,1660,1682]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A74FF94FF362B7D79CF48CE" box="[151,1013,1660,1682]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" type="journal article">
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A74FF94FF362B7D7AF748CE" box="[151,205,1660,1682]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">1921</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A74FF94FF762B7D783C48CD" box="[215,518,1660,1682]" jopScore="0.24397591" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A74FF94FF762B7D7BAE48CE" box="[215,404,1660,1682]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Crania californica</emphasis>
|
||
Berry
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A74FF94FE7B2B7D783C48CD" box="[474,518,1660,1681]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Ann</emphasis>
|
||
</title>
|
||
.
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A74FF94FDB12B7C795248CE" box="[528,872,1660,1682]" jopScore="1.6138237" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Mag. Nat. Hist., 8, p. 210–212, pl</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
.
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A74FF94FCD02B7D79B148CE" box="[881,907,1660,1682]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" type="volume">11</part>
|
||
, figs.
|
||
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A74FF94FC682B7D79CB48CE" box="[969,1009,1660,1682]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" type="pagination">1–3</pagination>
|
||
.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A74FF94FF362B9B7E534893" blockId="22.[151,1143,1660,1743]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A74FF94FF362B9B7E534893" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" type="journal article">
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A74FF94FF362B9B7E4948EC" box="[151,1139,1690,1712]" jopScore="1.659255" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
|
||
1986:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A74FF94FF762B9A7B8D48EC" box="[215,439,1690,1712]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Neocrania californica</emphasis>
|
||
(Berry), Lee & Brunton,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A74FF94FD1A2B9B79B648EC" box="[699,908,1690,1712]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus.</emphasis>
|
||
(Geol.), 40 (4), p. 152
|
||
</title>
|
||
.
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A74FF94FF362BB87AF74893" box="[151,205,1721,1743]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">2001</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A74FF94FF762BBB7E364893" box="[215,1036,1721,1743]" jopScore="3.097276" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A74FF94FF762BBB7BF94893" box="[215,451,1721,1743]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Novocrania californica</emphasis>
|
||
(Berry), Lee & Brunton,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A74FF94FD662BB879A34893" box="[711,921,1721,1743]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus.</emphasis>
|
||
(Geol.), 57
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
(
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A74FF94FBBD2BB87E1D4893" box="[1052,1063,1721,1743]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" type="issue">1</part>
|
||
), p.
|
||
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A74FF94FBF72BB87E5F4893" box="[1110,1125,1721,1743]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" type="pagination">5</pagination>
|
||
.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315656E0A74FF9BFF362BFD7E4F4B6E" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="526" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A74FF94FF362BFD7B014994" blockId="22.[151,1437,1788,1992]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A74FF94FF362BFD7B204949" bold="true" box="[151,282,1788,1813]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Synonymy.</emphasis>
|
||
Dall (1920) first named this species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A74FF94FD652BFD79834948" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1920" box="[708,953,1788,1812]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="philippinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A74FF94FD652BFD79834948" box="[708,953,1788,1812]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Crania philippinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on specimens from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A74FF94FAB62BFD7FA34949" box="[1303,1433,1788,1813]" name="Philippines" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Berry (1921) named and described a single specimen from Santa Monica,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A74FF94FC7A2A1E7E774964" box="[987,1101,1823,1848]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A74FF94FBD22A217F7E4964" authorityName="Berry" authorityYear="1921" box="[1139,1348,1824,1848]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A74FF94FBD22A217F7E4964" box="[1139,1348,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Crania californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Cohen
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A74FF94FF362A447AEA4900" box="[151,208,1860,1884]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014, p. 140) stated the two species are “extremely similar and may refer to the same form” and found that they clustered together in their molecular analyses. The material examined included levels of morphological variation similar to other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A74FF94FE7E2A8C785949F8" authorityName="Lee & Brunton" authorityYear="2001" box="[479,611,1933,1956]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A74FF94FE7E2A8C785949F8" box="[479,611,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Novocrania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A74FF94FD7E2A8C79CA49F8" baseAuthorityName="Berry" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[735,1008,1932,1956]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A74FF94FD7E2A8C79CA49F8" box="[735,1008,1932,1956]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Novocrania californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is placed in synonymy under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A74FF94FA232A8C7B0E4994" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1920" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="philippinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A74FF94FA232A8C7B0E4994" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">N. philippinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF70666D0A75FF95FF362B187E9C4894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1010155/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" targetBox="[202,1380,221,1513]" targetPageId="23">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A75FF95FF362B187E9C4894" blockId="23.[151,1436,1561,1859]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A75FF95FF362B1878AA4873" bold="true" box="[151,656,1561,1583]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">
|
||
FIGURE 12.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A75FF95FE8A2B187BC04873" baseAuthorityName="Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[299,506,1561,1583]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="23" pageNumber="559" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="huttoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A75FF95FE8A2B187BC04873" bold="true" box="[299,506,1561,1583]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">NOvOcrania huttOni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
dorsal valves
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A75FF95FD012B1878884873" bold="true" box="[672,690,1561,1583]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A75FF95FD602B1878F44873" bold="true" box="[705,718,1561,1583]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">F</emphasis>
|
||
. NMNZ BR.001497 (Doubtful Sound).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A75FF95FBD22B187EBF4873" bold="true" box="[1139,1157,1561,1583]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Smooth valve exterior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A75FF95FA292B187FAF4873" bold="true" box="[1416,1429,1561,1583]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A75FF95FE852B397B0F4812" bold="true" box="[292,309,1592,1614]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A75FF95FEE22B397B6E4812" bold="true" box="[323,340,1592,1614]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">G</emphasis>
|
||
. OU 43710 (Three Kings Islands)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A75FF95FD1D2B3978F74812" bold="true" box="[700,717,1592,1614]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Valve exterior with fine radial ribs.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A75FF95FBEC2B397E644812" bold="true" box="[1101,1118,1592,1614]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Close-up of radial ribs.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A75FF95FAC02B397F494812" bold="true" box="[1377,1395,1592,1614]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A75FF95FA232B397FAC4812" bold="true" box="[1410,1430,1592,1614]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">H</emphasis>
|
||
. NMNZ BR.001485a (Northland).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A75FF95FDA22B57782F4830" bold="true" box="[515,533,1622,1644]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Valve exterior with tiny spines in radial rows.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A75FF95FB8A2B577E054830" bold="true" box="[1067,1087,1622,1644]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Close-up of spines.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A75FF95FA8D2B577F044830" bold="true" box="[1324,1342,1622,1644]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">D</emphasis>
|
||
. NMNZ BR.001442a (Lord Howe Island). Hummocky valve exterior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A75FF95FCAE2B74792548D7" bold="true" box="[783,799,1653,1675]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">I.</emphasis>
|
||
OU 44471a–b (Three Kings Islands). Two specimens (a & b) attached to a cobble, specimen
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A75FF95FE7D2B957BD348F6" bold="true" box="[476,489,1684,1706]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">a</emphasis>
|
||
shows dorsal valve exterior, specimen
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A75FF95FC202B9579B548F6" bold="true" box="[897,911,1684,1706]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">b</emphasis>
|
||
shows dried organic ventral valve membrane with most of the rostellum missing and extensive non-crystalline calcitic material beneath valve membrane.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A75FF95FF362BD0795B495A" blockId="23.[151,1436,1561,1859]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B673CB80A75FF95FF362BD07FA248BB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1671736970" box="[151,1432,1745,1767]" country="New Zealand" location="Wellington" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wellington">
|
||
All scale bars
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A75FF95FE862BD07B5848BB" box="[295,354,1745,1767]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
unless indicated otherwise. NMNZ—Te Papa Tongarewa, National Museum of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A75FF95FB312BD37F2048BB" box="[1168,1306,1745,1767]" name="New Zealand" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A75FF95FA842BD07FA248BB" box="[1317,1432,1745,1767]" country="New Zealand" name="Wellington" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">Wellington</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B673CB80A75FF95FF362BF17967495A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1671736969" box="[151,861,1776,1798]" country="New Zealand" location="Otago" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Otago">
|
||
OU—Geology Museum, University of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A75FF95FD852BF1785F495A" box="[548,613,1776,1798]" country="New Zealand" name="Otago" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">Otago</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Dunedin,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A75FF95FD732BF07967495A" box="[722,861,1776,1798]" name="New Zealand" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A75FF95FF362A0F7AE7491F" blockId="23.[151,1436,1561,1859]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A75FF95FF362A0F7BBA4978" bold="true" box="[151,384,1806,1828]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">Abbreviations: dvvm</emphasis>
|
||
—dried ventral valve membrane.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A75FF95FD4C2A0F792B4978" bold="true" box="[749,785,1806,1828]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">ncc</emphasis>
|
||
—non crystalline calcitic material,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A75FF95FB2C2A0F7E994978" bold="true" box="[1165,1187,1806,1828]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">rr</emphasis>
|
||
—radial ribs,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A75FF95FA9A2A0F7F614978" bold="true" box="[1339,1371,1806,1828]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">tsp</emphasis>
|
||
—tiny spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF70666D0A7BFF9BFF362DB779C44C42" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A7BFF9BFF362DB779C44C42" blockId="25.[151,1437,182,726]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFF362DB7798E4E90" bold="true" box="[151,948,182,204]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">
|
||
FIGURE 13.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A7BFF9BFE8D2DB77BC74E90" baseAuthorityName="Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[300,509,182,204]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="25" pageNumber="559" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="huttoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFE8D2DB77BC74E90" bold="true" box="[300,509,182,204]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">NOvOcrania huttOni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
dorsal valve interior and ventral valve
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFC652DB779EC4E90" bold="true" box="[964,982,182,204]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">A</emphasis>
|
||
. NMNZ BR.001442b (Lord Howe Island). Valve interior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFE952DD47B7F4EB7" bold="true" box="[308,325,213,235]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFEF72DD47B524EB7" bold="true" box="[342,360,213,235]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">C</emphasis>
|
||
. NMNZ BR.001485c (Northland).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFD412DD478CB4EB7" bold="true" box="[736,753,213,235]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Valve interior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFC3E2DD4798B4EB7" bold="true" box="[927,945,213,235]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Line drawing of muscle scars.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFAAC2DD47F254EB7" bold="true" box="[1293,1311,213,235]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFA912DD47F7B4EB7" bold="true" box="[1328,1345,213,235]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">E</emphasis>
|
||
. NMNZ BR.001485b (Northland, NZ).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFE6E2DF57BDB4F56" bold="true" box="[463,481,244,266]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Valve interior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFD222DF578AE4F56" bold="true" box="[643,660,244,266]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Line drawing of muscle scars.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFC752DF579DB4F56" bold="true" box="[980,993,244,266]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">F</emphasis>
|
||
. NMV F120541 (Tasmania). Valve interior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFF362C137AF34F74" bold="true" box="[151,201,274,296]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">G–N</emphasis>
|
||
. OU 44471a–e (Three Kings Islands).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFDC92C1378434F74" bold="true" box="[616,633,274,296]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">G</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFD282C1378AC4F74" bold="true" box="[649,662,274,296]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">J</emphasis>
|
||
. OU 44471a.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFC8E2C13797A4F74" bold="true" box="[815,832,274,296]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Dried organic ventral valve with non-crystalline calcitic rostellum, dried posterior adductor muscle and thin patches of non-crystalline calcitic material beneath valve.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFAA92C307F2E4F1B" bold="true" box="[1288,1300,305,327]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">J</emphasis>
|
||
. Close-up of non-crystalline calcitic rostellum.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFE582C51780A4F3A" bold="true" box="[505,560,336,358]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">H, K</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFD9E2C51786A4F3A" bold="true" box="[575,592,336,358]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">L</emphasis>
|
||
. OU 44471c.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFD492C5178C64F3A" bold="true" box="[744,764,336,358]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Dried organic ventral valve with partial non-crystalline calcitic rostellum and thin patches of non-crystalline calcitic material beneath valve.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFC662C6F79E14FD8" bold="true" box="[967,987,366,388]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">K</emphasis>
|
||
. Close-up of rostellum showing shapes of anterior adductor muscle scars.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFE762C8C7BD24FFF" bold="true" box="[471,488,397,419]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">L</emphasis>
|
||
. Posterior side of partial rostellum showing dried ventral valve membrane both overlying and interlayering with non-crystalline calcite rostellum.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFD632CAD78F64F9E" bold="true" box="[706,716,428,450]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">I</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFD7F2CAD78CC4F9E" bold="true" box="[734,758,428,450]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">M</emphasis>
|
||
. OU 44471d.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFC392CAD79984F9E" bold="true" box="[920,930,428,450]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">I</emphasis>
|
||
. Dried organic ventral valve with partial noncrystalline calcitic rostellum and very little non-crystalline layer beneath.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFC292CCB799A4FBC" bold="true" box="[904,928,458,480]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">M</emphasis>
|
||
. Posterior side of partial rostellum showing dried ventral valve membrane both overlying and interlayering with non-crystalline calcitic rostellum.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFBC82CE87E414FA3" bold="true" box="[1129,1147,489,511]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">N</emphasis>
|
||
. OU 44471e. SEM image of fragment of non-crystalline calcitic rostellum with overlying ventral valve membrane.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A7BFF9BFF362F2778E04C8A" blockId="25.[151,1437,182,726]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">
|
||
All scale bars
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A7BFF9BFE862F277B584C60" box="[295,354,550,572]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="526" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
unless indicated otherwise. NMNZ—Te Papa Tongarewa, National Museum of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A7BFF9BFB312F267F214C60" box="[1168,1307,550,572]" name="New Zealand" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A7BFF9BFA842F277FA24C60" box="[1317,1432,550,572]" country="New Zealand" name="Wellington" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Wellington</collectingRegion>
|
||
; NMV—Museum
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A7BFF9BFEEB2F447BA44C07" box="[330,414,581,603]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Melbourne,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A7BFF9BFD852F4478BE4C07" box="[548,644,581,603]" name="Australia" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
; OU—Geology Museum, University of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A7BFF9BFBBA2F447E614C07" box="[1051,1115,581,603]" country="New Zealand" name="Otago" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Otago</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Dunedin,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A7BFF9BFB682F477F6F4C07" box="[1225,1365,581,603]" name="New Zealand" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFF362F657B634C26" bold="true" box="[151,345,612,634]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Abbreviations: aa</emphasis>
|
||
—anterior adductor muscle scar;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFD102F6578E24C26" bold="true" box="[689,728,612,634]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">aaq</emphasis>
|
||
—anterior adductor quick-muscle scar,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFBD12F657EA94C26" bold="true" box="[1136,1171,612,634]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">aas</emphasis>
|
||
—anterior adductor slowmuscle scar,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFEB82F837B784CC4" bold="true" box="[281,322,642,664]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">dpa</emphasis>
|
||
—dried posterior adductor muscle,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFD082F8378ED4CC4" bold="true" box="[681,727,642,664]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">dmc</emphasis>
|
||
—dorsal mantle canals,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFC6D2F837E324CC4" bold="true" box="[972,1032,642,664]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">dvvm</emphasis>
|
||
—dried ventral valve membrane,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFAFF2F837FB84CC4" bold="true" box="[1374,1410,642,664]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">ncc</emphasis>
|
||
— non-crystalline calcitic material,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFE4A2FA07BC54CEB" bold="true" box="[491,511,673,695]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">oi</emphasis>
|
||
—oblique internal muscle scar,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFCEB2FA0795F4CEB" bold="true" box="[842,869,673,695]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">pa</emphasis>
|
||
—posterior adductor muscle scar,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFB682FA07ECF4CEB" bold="true" box="[1225,1269,673,695]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">sam</emphasis>
|
||
—small anterior muscle scar,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFEB82FC17B024C8A" bold="true" box="[281,312,704,726]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">sm</emphasis>
|
||
—score mark,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFE6F2FC17BD84C8A" bold="true" box="[462,482,704,726]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">ss</emphasis>
|
||
—support structure scar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A7BFF9BFF662FFC78534DFA" blockId="25.[151,1437,765,1582]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFF662FFC7B804D4A" bold="true" box="[199,442,765,790]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Stratigraphic range.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A7BFF9BFE632FFF78D14D49" baseAuthorityName="Dall" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[450,747,765,789]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="25" pageNumber="526" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="philippinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFE632FFF78D14D49" box="[450,747,765,789]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Novocrania philippinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is provisionally restricted to Recent as I am unaware of any fossil material. However, the calibrated time-tree (App.
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A7BFF9BFCA62E2079734D66" box="[775,841,801,826]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1925,1947]" captionTargetBox="[285,1302,985,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[235,1351,967,1932]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Localities of Novocrania anomala (red dots) and N. altivertex (orange square). Yellow rectangles may be N. anomala or N. turbinata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1010147/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68D035E0A7BFF9BFCF62E2079934D66" box="[855,937,801,826]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="34.[151,239,982,1005]" captionText="TABLE 3. Calibration of the relative time-tree splits using the youngest possible age of the oldest secure N. lecointei fossil record (34.6 Ma) as an absolute minimum age at node K. The error bar values (95 % highest probability density) were supplied by B. L. Cohen." pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
) gives an age of ~ 9.7 Ma for the (within the N.E. Atlantic clade) split between specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A7BFF9BFD712E4779AB4D01" baseAuthorityName="Dall" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[720,913,837,861]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="25" pageNumber="526" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="philippinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFD712E4779AB4D01" box="[720,913,837,861]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">N. philippinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A7BFF9BFC7F2E447E0A4D02" box="[990,1072,837,862]" name="Taiwan" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Vancouver Island,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A7BFF9BFAE92E447FA64D02" box="[1352,1436,837,862]" name="Canada" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
(node G, see below) and the wide Recent geographical range of this species is shown herein (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A7BFF9BFB002E687EDF4DDE" box="[1185,1253,873,898]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1180,1202]" captionText="FIGURE 5. Localities of Novocrania philippinensis." pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). It seems likely that this species will have a fossil history.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A7BFF9BFF662EB078B24A4E" blockId="25.[151,1437,765,1582]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFF662EB078554D96" bold="true" box="[199,623,945,970]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B488470A7BFF9BFF662EB07B384D96" box="[199,258,945,970]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B488470A7BFF9BFE702EB0783E4D96" box="[465,516,945,970]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B488470A7BFF9BFD142EB378DF4D96" box="[693,741,946,970]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material is held in National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institute,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A7BFF9BFE342ED478714DB2" box="[405,587,981,1006]" country="United States of America" name="District of Columbia" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Washington DC</collectingRegion>
|
||
. (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE200A7BFF9BFDFF2ED7788B4DB2" box="[606,689,982,1006]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
274128). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B488470A7BFF9BFCF72ED779BC4DB2" box="[854,902,982,1006]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality is between
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A7BFF9BFBC92ED47EFD4DB2" box="[1128,1223,981,1006]" country="Philippines" name="Masbate" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Masbate</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A7BFF9BFB5E2ED77F054DB2" box="[1279,1343,982,1006]" country="Philippines" name="Southern Leyte" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Leyte</collectingRegion>
|
||
Islands,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A7BFF9BFF362EF87B224A4E" box="[151,280,1017,1042]" name="Philippines" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B50220A7BFF9BFE822EF87BB94A4E" box="[291,387,1017,1042]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="526" precision="555" value="11.57">11.57°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B50220A7BFF9BFE2F2EF87BC24A4E" box="[398,504,1017,1042]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="526" precision="555" value="123.68">123.68°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(Dall 1920).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A7BFF9BFF66291C7E3B4A22" blockId="25.[151,1437,765,1582]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFF66291C7B8A4A6A" bold="true" box="[199,432,1053,1078]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B488470A7BFF9BFE48291F78234A6A" box="[489,537,1054,1078]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen was borrowed from the Smithsonian Institute. Recent specimens were examined from Vancouver Island,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A7BFF9BFDBF2940784A4A06" box="[542,624,1089,1114]" name="Taiwan" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A7BFF9BFD09294378D24A05" box="[680,744,1090,1113]" name="Japan" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68D035E0A7BFF9BFD592940796A4A06" box="[760,848,1089,1114]" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="52.[151,239,1202,1225]" captionText="TABLE 8. Novocrania philippinensis material examined. This includes material identified as Novocrania californica which is synonymized in this study under N. philippinensis. Material with an * was examined from digital images taken by Sarah Long, NHMUK." pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Table 8</tableCitation>
|
||
). Images of specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A7BFF9BFB3B29407ED64A06" box="[1178,1260,1089,1114]" name="Taiwan" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Vancouver Island were supplied by Carsten Lüter of the Museum für Naturkunde,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A7BFF9BFC12296479C74A22" box="[947,1021,1125,1150]" country="Germany" name="Berlin" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Berlin</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A7BFF9BFF6629887E4F4B6E" blockId="25.[151,1437,765,1582]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFF6629887B7B4AFE" bold="true" box="[199,321,1161,1186]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Localities.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A7BFF9BFEE8298B78484AFD" baseAuthorityName="Dall" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[329,626,1161,1185]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="25" pageNumber="526" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="philippinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFEE8298B78484AFD" box="[329,626,1161,1185]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Novocrania philippinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A7BFF9BFC872988799E4AFE" box="[806,932,1161,1186]" name="Philippines" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Dall 1920), off the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A7BFF9BFB3029887F394AFE" box="[1169,1283,1161,1186]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A7BFF9BFAAA298B7F714AFE" box="[1291,1355,1162,1186]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Coast</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Berry 1921), along the coast of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A7BFF9BFE1F29AC78BE4A9A" box="[446,644,1197,1222]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A7BFF9BFD3329AC78D34A9A" box="[658,745,1197,1222]" name="Canada" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in Barkley Sound, Vancouver Island (Bernard 1972, Austin 1985; La Barbera 1986; Vasquez & Young 1996) and in Dean and Burke Fiords (Tunnicliffe & Wilson 1988),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A7BFF9BFF3629F47AD34B52" box="[151,233,1269,1294]" name="Taiwan" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Cohen
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFEF329F77BB44B51" box="[338,398,1269,1293]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014), and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A7BFF9BFD8029F7785B4B51" box="[545,609,1270,1293]" name="Japan" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Cohen
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFD6B29F778C54B51" box="[714,767,1269,1293]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014; this study). Localities are shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A7BFF9BFAA429F47F524B52" box="[1285,1384,1269,1294]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1180,1202]" captionText="FIGURE 5. Localities of Novocrania philippinensis." pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
and includes localities of material examined (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68D035E0A7BFF9BFDC5281878824B6E" box="[612,696,1305,1330]" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="52.[151,239,1202,1225]" captionText="TABLE 8. Novocrania philippinensis material examined. This includes material identified as Novocrania californica which is synonymized in this study under N. philippinensis. Material with an * was examined from digital images taken by Sarah Long, NHMUK." pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Table 8</tableCitation>
|
||
) and published localities (Appendix 6).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315656E0A7BFF99FF66283C7B3249FD" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="528" pageId="25" pageNumber="526" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A7BFF9BFF66283C7B6C49DB" blockId="25.[151,1437,765,1582]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1437,1629,2026]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFF66283C7B634B0A" bold="true" box="[199,345,1341,1366]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
The specimens vary in outline from sub-oval to sub-quadrate to sub-pentagonal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A7BFF9BFB41283C7F5D4B0A" box="[1248,1383,1341,1366]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1629,1651]" captionText="FIGURE 14. NOvOcrania philippinensis dorsal valve. A, F. USNM 274128 (holotype, the Philippines). A. Valve exterior. F. Valve interior. B. OU 44518 a (Vancouver Island, Canada). Valve exterior. C, G, J, K, N. UMUT RB 32325 a (off Chiba, Japan). C. Valve exterior with spines on concentric growth rings. G. Close-up of minute spines. J. Valve interior. K. Close-up of muscle scars. N. Line drawing of muscle scars. D, H, L. OU 44518 b (Vancouver Island, Canada). D. Valve interior. H. Oblique view showing low anterior muscle scars. L. Line drawing of muscle scars. E, I, M. UMUT RB 32325 b (off Chiba, Japan). E. Valve interior. I. Oblique view showing anterior muscle scars on raised pedestals and median process. M. Line drawing of muscle scars." pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Fig. 14A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
), the posterior margin is often wide and may be straight or concave. Specimens from Vancouver Island are a mottled black and brown in colour (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A7BFF9BFE7F2884787D4BC2" box="[478,583,1413,1438]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1629,1651]" captionText="FIGURE 14. NOvOcrania philippinensis dorsal valve. A, F. USNM 274128 (holotype, the Philippines). A. Valve exterior. F. Valve interior. B. OU 44518 a (Vancouver Island, Canada). Valve exterior. C, G, J, K, N. UMUT RB 32325 a (off Chiba, Japan). C. Valve exterior with spines on concentric growth rings. G. Close-up of minute spines. J. Valve interior. K. Close-up of muscle scars. N. Line drawing of muscle scars. D, H, L. OU 44518 b (Vancouver Island, Canada). D. Valve interior. H. Oblique view showing low anterior muscle scars. L. Line drawing of muscle scars. E, I, M. UMUT RB 32325 b (off Chiba, Japan). E. Valve interior. I. Oblique view showing anterior muscle scars on raised pedestals and median process. M. Line drawing of muscle scars." pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Fig. 14B</figureCitation>
|
||
, the white patches are epibionts), specimens from off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A7BFF9BFB6328877F384BC1" box="[1218,1282,1414,1437]" name="Japan" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B488470A7BFF9BFACD28877FA64BC2" box="[1388,1436,1414,1438]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A7BFF9BFE2028A87BC54B9E" box="[385,511,1449,1474]" name="Philippines" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A7BFF9BFDB428A8789C4B9E" box="[533,678,1449,1474]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1629,1651]" captionText="FIGURE 14. NOvOcrania philippinensis dorsal valve. A, F. USNM 274128 (holotype, the Philippines). A. Valve exterior. F. Valve interior. B. OU 44518 a (Vancouver Island, Canada). Valve exterior. C, G, J, K, N. UMUT RB 32325 a (off Chiba, Japan). C. Valve exterior with spines on concentric growth rings. G. Close-up of minute spines. J. Valve interior. K. Close-up of muscle scars. N. Line drawing of muscle scars. D, H, L. OU 44518 b (Vancouver Island, Canada). D. Valve interior. H. Oblique view showing low anterior muscle scars. L. Line drawing of muscle scars. E, I, M. UMUT RB 32325 b (off Chiba, Japan). E. Valve interior. I. Oblique view showing anterior muscle scars on raised pedestals and median process. M. Line drawing of muscle scars." pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Fig. 14A, F</figureCitation>
|
||
) are brown. The dorsal valve ornament varies from smooth to hummocky with concentric growth lines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A7BFF9BFDC928CC78D64BBA" box="[616,748,1485,1510]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1629,1651]" captionText="FIGURE 14. NOvOcrania philippinensis dorsal valve. A, F. USNM 274128 (holotype, the Philippines). A. Valve exterior. F. Valve interior. B. OU 44518 a (Vancouver Island, Canada). Valve exterior. C, G, J, K, N. UMUT RB 32325 a (off Chiba, Japan). C. Valve exterior with spines on concentric growth rings. G. Close-up of minute spines. J. Valve interior. K. Close-up of muscle scars. N. Line drawing of muscle scars. D, H, L. OU 44518 b (Vancouver Island, Canada). D. Valve interior. H. Oblique view showing low anterior muscle scars. L. Line drawing of muscle scars. E, I, M. UMUT RB 32325 b (off Chiba, Japan). E. Valve interior. I. Oblique view showing anterior muscle scars on raised pedestals and median process. M. Line drawing of muscle scars." pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Fig. 14A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) to having a few to 100+ minute spines or pustules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A7BFF9BFA9228CC7A954856" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1629,1651]" captionText="FIGURE 14. NOvOcrania philippinensis dorsal valve. A, F. USNM 274128 (holotype, the Philippines). A. Valve exterior. F. Valve interior. B. OU 44518 a (Vancouver Island, Canada). Valve exterior. C, G, J, K, N. UMUT RB 32325 a (off Chiba, Japan). C. Valve exterior with spines on concentric growth rings. G. Close-up of minute spines. J. Valve interior. K. Close-up of muscle scars. N. Line drawing of muscle scars. D, H, L. OU 44518 b (Vancouver Island, Canada). D. Valve interior. H. Oblique view showing low anterior muscle scars. L. Line drawing of muscle scars. E, I, M. UMUT RB 32325 b (off Chiba, Japan). E. Valve interior. I. Oblique view showing anterior muscle scars on raised pedestals and median process. M. Line drawing of muscle scars." pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Fig. 14C, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pustules/spines may be randomly scattered, or grow in concentric rings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A7BFF9BFB8628F07EB64856" box="[1063,1164,1521,1546]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1629,1651]" captionText="FIGURE 14. NOvOcrania philippinensis dorsal valve. A, F. USNM 274128 (holotype, the Philippines). A. Valve exterior. F. Valve interior. B. OU 44518 a (Vancouver Island, Canada). Valve exterior. C, G, J, K, N. UMUT RB 32325 a (off Chiba, Japan). C. Valve exterior with spines on concentric growth rings. G. Close-up of minute spines. J. Valve interior. K. Close-up of muscle scars. N. Line drawing of muscle scars. D, H, L. OU 44518 b (Vancouver Island, Canada). D. Valve interior. H. Oblique view showing low anterior muscle scars. L. Line drawing of muscle scars. E, I, M. UMUT RB 32325 b (off Chiba, Japan). E. Valve interior. I. Oblique view showing anterior muscle scars on raised pedestals and median process. M. Line drawing of muscle scars." pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
|
||
) and are up to ~ 300µm long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A7BFF9BFF792B147B784872" box="[216,322,1557,1582]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1629,1651]" captionText="FIGURE 14. NOvOcrania philippinensis dorsal valve. A, F. USNM 274128 (holotype, the Philippines). A. Valve exterior. F. Valve interior. B. OU 44518 a (Vancouver Island, Canada). Valve exterior. C, G, J, K, N. UMUT RB 32325 a (off Chiba, Japan). C. Valve exterior with spines on concentric growth rings. G. Close-up of minute spines. J. Valve interior. K. Close-up of muscle scars. N. Line drawing of muscle scars. D, H, L. OU 44518 b (Vancouver Island, Canada). D. Valve interior. H. Oblique view showing low anterior muscle scars. L. Line drawing of muscle scars. E, I, M. UMUT RB 32325 b (off Chiba, Japan). E. Valve interior. I. Oblique view showing anterior muscle scars on raised pedestals and median process. M. Line drawing of muscle scars." pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Fig. 14G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The largest complete specimen examined was
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A7BFF9BFCC42B1779F34871" box="[869,969,1558,1582]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.37" pageId="25" pageNumber="526" unit="mm" value="23.7">23.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A7BFF9BFBB02B147E4C4871" box="[1041,1142,1557,1582]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" pageId="25" pageNumber="526" unit="mm" value="27.5">27.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A7BFF9BFB4A2B177F754871" box="[1259,1359,1558,1582]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1199999999999999" pageId="25" pageNumber="526" unit="mm" value="11.2">11.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, All scale bars
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A7BFF9BFE962A357B4D4916" box="[311,375,1844,1866]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="526" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
unless indicated otherwise. OU—Geology Museum, University of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A7BFF9BFBEF2A357EB44916" box="[1102,1166,1844,1866]" country="New Zealand" name="Otago" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Otago</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Dunedin,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A7BFF9BFAA92A347FA24916" box="[1288,1432,1844,1866]" name="New Zealand" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
; UMUT—Tokyo University Museum,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A7BFF9BFDBE2A5378584934" box="[543,610,1874,1896]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A7BFF9BFDCF2A5278914934" box="[622,683,1875,1896]" name="Japan" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
; USNM—National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A7BFF9BFF362A707B2849DB" box="[151,274,1905,1927]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A7BFF9BFEBD2A707B6849DB" box="[284,338,1905,1927]" name="United States of America" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF70666D0A7BFF9BFF362B5C7AEA4977" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A7BFF9BFF362B5C7AEA4977" blockId="25.[151,1437,1629,2026]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFF362B5C78FF482F" bold="true" box="[151,709,1629,1651]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">
|
||
FIGURE 14.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A7BFF9BFE862B5C7801482F" baseAuthorityName="Dall" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[295,571,1629,1651]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="25" pageNumber="526" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="philippinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFE862B5C7801482F" bold="true" box="[295,571,1629,1651]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">NOvOcrania philippinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
dorsal valve
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFD732B5C78DE482F" bold="true" box="[722,740,1629,1651]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFD532B5C78C5482F" bold="true" box="[754,767,1629,1651]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">F</emphasis>
|
||
. USNM 274128 (holotype, the Philippines).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFB6C2B5C7EE5482F" bold="true" box="[1229,1247,1629,1651]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Valve exterior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFA292B5C7FAF482F" bold="true" box="[1416,1429,1629,1651]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Valve interior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFE8D2B7D7B0748CE" bold="true" box="[300,317,1660,1682]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">B</emphasis>
|
||
. OU 44518a (Vancouver Island, Canada). Valve exterior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFC272B7D79F548CE" bold="true" box="[902,975,1660,1682]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">C, G, J</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFC7D2B7D79CA48CE" bold="true" box="[988,1008,1660,1682]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">K</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFC5D2B7D7E3448CE" bold="true" box="[1020,1038,1660,1682]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">N</emphasis>
|
||
. UMUT RB32325a (off Chiba, Japan).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFF362B9B7A9348EC" bold="true" box="[151,169,1690,1712]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Valve exterior with spines on concentric growth rings.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFD7A2B9B78D648EC" bold="true" box="[731,748,1690,1712]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Close-up of minute spines.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFBAA2B9B7E2D48EC" bold="true" box="[1035,1047,1690,1712]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">J</emphasis>
|
||
. Valve interior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFB192B9B7EF648EC" bold="true" box="[1208,1228,1690,1712]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">K</emphasis>
|
||
. Close-up of muscle scars.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFF762BB87AD34893" bold="true" box="[215,233,1721,1743]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">N</emphasis>
|
||
. Line drawing of muscle scars.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFD932BB8787E4893" bold="true" box="[562,580,1721,1743]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFDF32BB8785C4893" bold="true" box="[594,614,1721,1743]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">H</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFDD22BB878BE4893" bold="true" box="[627,644,1721,1743]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">L</emphasis>
|
||
. OU 44518b (Vancouver Island, Canada).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFB982BB87E714893" bold="true" box="[1081,1099,1721,1743]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Valve interior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFB502BB87F3F4893" bold="true" box="[1265,1285,1721,1743]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Oblique view showing low anterior muscle scars.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFDA42BD9782C48B2" bold="true" box="[517,534,1752,1774]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">L</emphasis>
|
||
. Line drawing of muscle scars.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFCFC2BD9795448B2" bold="true" box="[861,878,1752,1774]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFCDD2BD979BC48B2" bold="true" box="[892,902,1752,1774]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">I</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFC322BD9799148B2" bold="true" box="[915,939,1752,1774]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">M</emphasis>
|
||
. UMUT RB32325b (off Chiba, Japan).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFAE52BD97F6F48B2" bold="true" box="[1348,1365,1752,1774]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Valve interior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFF4F2BF77AC24950" bold="true" box="[238,248,1782,1804]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">I</emphasis>
|
||
. Oblique view showing anterior muscle scars on raised pedestals and median process.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFBDE2BF77EAD4950" bold="true" box="[1151,1175,1782,1804]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">M</emphasis>
|
||
. Line drawing of muscle scars.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A7BFF9BFF362A9179E849B6" blockId="25.[151,1437,1629,2026]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFF362A917B5C49FA" bold="true" box="[151,358,1936,1958]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Abbreviations: aaq</emphasis>
|
||
—anterior adductor quick-muscle scar,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFD592A91792149FA" bold="true" box="[760,795,1936,1958]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">aas</emphasis>
|
||
—anterior adductor slow-muscle scar,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFB052A917EF549FA" bold="true" box="[1188,1231,1936,1958]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">cmr</emphasis>
|
||
—concave marginal rim,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFF692AB07ACC499B" bold="true" box="[200,246,1969,1991]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">dmc</emphasis>
|
||
—dorsal mantle canal,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFE442AB07832499B" bold="true" box="[485,520,1969,1991]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">mp</emphasis>
|
||
—median process,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFD6F2AB078D8499B" bold="true" box="[718,738,1969,1991]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">oi</emphasis>
|
||
—oblique internal muscle scar,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFB892AB07E79499B" bold="true" box="[1064,1091,1969,1991]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">pa</emphasis>
|
||
—posterior adductor muscle scar,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFF362AD57A8A49B6" bold="true" box="[151,176,2004,2026]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">rp</emphasis>
|
||
—raised pedestal,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFECD2AD57BAD49B6" bold="true" box="[364,407,2004,2026]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">sam</emphasis>
|
||
—small anterior muscle scar,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7BFF9BFD642AD578E249B6" bold="true" box="[709,728,2004,2026]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">ss</emphasis>
|
||
—support structure scar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF70666D0A79FF99FF362E667F244A4A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1010157/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" targetBox="[202,1397,199,820]" targetPageId="27">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A79FF99FF362E667F244A4A" blockId="27.[151,1436,870,1199]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A79FF99FF362E6679BA4D21" bold="true" box="[151,896,870,893]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
|
||
FIGURE 15.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A79FF99FE8B2E6778054D20" baseAuthorityName="Dall" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[298,575,870,892]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="philippinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A79FF99FE8B2E6778054D20" bold="true" box="[298,575,870,892]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">NOvOcrania philippinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ventral valve and 3D images
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A79FF99FC2E2E66799B4D21" bold="true" box="[911,929,871,893]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">A</emphasis>
|
||
. ZMB Bra 2409 (Taiwan). Ventral valve interior with rostellum, tubercles on margin and deeply incised mantle canals.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A79FF99FCD42E8479BC4DC7" bold="true" box="[885,902,901,923]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A79FF99FC342E84799D4DC7" bold="true" box="[917,935,901,923]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A79FF99FC172E8479FD4DC7" bold="true" box="[950,967,901,923]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">E</emphasis>
|
||
. OU 44518b (Vancouver Island, Canada).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A79FF99FA252E847FAF4DC7" bold="true" box="[1412,1429,901,923]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Partial ventral valve interior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A79FF99FE1F2EA57BEA4DE6" bold="true" box="[446,464,932,954]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">D</emphasis>
|
||
. 3D image from micro-CT scan, oblique cutaway through whole specimen (line D on Fig. 15B) showing slightly raised support structure scar and small mound on dorsal valve (where small anterior muscles attach) and calcitic rostellum on ventral valve.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A79FF99FDA22EE0782E4DAB" bold="true" box="[515,532,993,1015]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Vertical slice from micro-CT scan down midline (line E on Fig. 15B) showing a small mound on dorsal valve and rostellum on ventral valve.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A79FF99FD64290178ED4A4A" bold="true" box="[709,727,1024,1046]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">C</emphasis>
|
||
. IGSP 58850 (Sado Island, Japan). Ventral valve interior.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A79FF99FF36291E79AC4A2E" blockId="27.[151,1436,870,1199]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B673CB80A79FF99FF36291E79FE4A0F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1671736964" collectorName="Image A" country="Japan" location="Japan" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" specimenCount="1">
|
||
All scale bars
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A79FF99FE86291E7B5F4A69" box="[295,357,1055,1077]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26FA53330A79FF99FECC29217BFF4A68" box="[365,453,1055,1077]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Image A</collectorName>
|
||
taken by Sarah Long, Natural History Museum, London; image C taken by Jun Nemoto, Tokohu University Museum, Sendai; IGPS—Tokohu University Museum, Sendai,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A79FF99FC26293F79FE4A0F" box="[903,964,1086,1107]" name="Japan" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B673CB80A79FF99FC6C293C7BBC4A2E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1671736966" country="New Zealand" location="Otago" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Otago">
|
||
OU—Geology Museum, University of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A79FF99FAF9293C7FA24A0F" box="[1368,1432,1085,1107]" country="New Zealand" name="Otago" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Otago</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Dunedin,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A79FF99FF5A295C7BBC4A2E" box="[251,390,1116,1138]" name="New Zealand" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B673CB80A79FF99FE31295C79A84A2E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1671736967" box="[400,914,1116,1138]" country="Germany" location="Berlin" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Berlin">
|
||
ZMB—Museum für Naturkunde,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A79FF99FD46295D79134A2E" box="[743,809,1116,1138]" country="Germany" name="Berlin" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Berlin</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A79FF99FC93295D79A84A2E" box="[818,914,1116,1138]" name="Germany" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A79FF99FF36297A795C4AF3" blockId="27.[151,1436,870,1199]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A79FF99FF36297A7B604ACD" bold="true" box="[151,346,1147,1169]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Abbreviations: aa</emphasis>
|
||
—anterior adductor muscle scar,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A79FF99FD14297A78EA4ACD" bold="true" box="[693,720,1147,1169]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">pa</emphasis>
|
||
—posterior adductor muscle scar,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A79FF99FB97297A7E774ACD" bold="true" box="[1078,1101,1147,1169]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">ro</emphasis>
|
||
—rostellum;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A79FF99FB76297A7ECC4ACD" bold="true" box="[1239,1270,1147,1169]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">sm</emphasis>
|
||
—small mound,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A79FF99FF3629987A914AF3" bold="true" box="[151,171,1177,1199]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">ss</emphasis>
|
||
—support structure scar,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A79FF99FE0829987B854AF3" bold="true" box="[425,447,1177,1199]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">tu</emphasis>
|
||
—tubercles,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A79FF99FDE0299878544AF3" bold="true" box="[577,622,1177,1199]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">vmc</emphasis>
|
||
—ventral mantle canals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A79FF99FF3629DD7B0F4B45" blockId="27.[151,1437,1244,2025]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B673CB80A79FF99FF3629DD7B0F4B45" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1671736974" collectionCode="IGPS" country="Japan" location="Sado Island" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" specimenCode="IGPS 58850" specimenCount="1">
|
||
the dorsal valve was up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A79FF99FE1F29DD781B4AA8" box="[446,545,1244,1269]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" unit="mm" value="0.45">0.45 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick and the ventral valve up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A79FF99FC3329DC79E84AA8" box="[914,978,1245,1269]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBA99E9E0A79FF99FBBF29DC7E934AA9" box="[1054,1193,1244,1269]" collectionCode="IGPS" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">IGPS 58850</specimenCode>
|
||
from off
|
||
<location id="8ED0603E0A79FF99FAB229DD7FA24AA9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687F30A74FF9EFF3628977BD64F3B:8ED0603E0A79FF99FAB229DD7FA24AA9" box="[1299,1432,1244,1269]" country="Japan" name="Sado Island" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Sado Island</location>
|
||
, Sea of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A79FF99FF4528007B134B45" box="[228,297,1281,1305]" name="Japan" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A79FF99FF6628257B1248F9" blockId="27.[151,1437,1244,2025]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
|
||
The posterior adductor muscle scars are sub-oval to irregular in shape, the anterior adductor slow-muscle scars are commonly convex and may be on the valve floor (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A79FF99FD5C284979BD4B3D" box="[765,903,1352,1377]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1629,1651]" captionText="FIGURE 14. NOvOcrania philippinensis dorsal valve. A, F. USNM 274128 (holotype, the Philippines). A. Valve exterior. F. Valve interior. B. OU 44518 a (Vancouver Island, Canada). Valve exterior. C, G, J, K, N. UMUT RB 32325 a (off Chiba, Japan). C. Valve exterior with spines on concentric growth rings. G. Close-up of minute spines. J. Valve interior. K. Close-up of muscle scars. N. Line drawing of muscle scars. D, H, L. OU 44518 b (Vancouver Island, Canada). D. Valve interior. H. Oblique view showing low anterior muscle scars. L. Line drawing of muscle scars. E, I, M. UMUT RB 32325 b (off Chiba, Japan). E. Valve interior. I. Oblique view showing anterior muscle scars on raised pedestals and median process. M. Line drawing of muscle scars." pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Fig. 14D, H</figureCitation>
|
||
) or raised on pedestals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A79FF99FB3D28497F004B3D" box="[1180,1338,1352,1377]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1629,1651]" captionText="FIGURE 14. NOvOcrania philippinensis dorsal valve. A, F. USNM 274128 (holotype, the Philippines). A. Valve exterior. F. Valve interior. B. OU 44518 a (Vancouver Island, Canada). Valve exterior. C, G, J, K, N. UMUT RB 32325 a (off Chiba, Japan). C. Valve exterior with spines on concentric growth rings. G. Close-up of minute spines. J. Valve interior. K. Close-up of muscle scars. N. Line drawing of muscle scars. D, H, L. OU 44518 b (Vancouver Island, Canada). D. Valve interior. H. Oblique view showing low anterior muscle scars. L. Line drawing of muscle scars. E, I, M. UMUT RB 32325 b (off Chiba, Japan). E. Valve interior. I. Oblique view showing anterior muscle scars on raised pedestals and median process. M. Line drawing of muscle scars." pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Fig. 14E, I–K</figureCitation>
|
||
) and are commonly thinner at the lateral ends than in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A79FF99FD55286C79434BD8" authorityName="Lee & Brunton" authorityYear="2001" box="[756,889,1389,1412]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A79FF99FD55286C79434BD8" box="[756,889,1389,1412]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Novocrania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. The anterior adductor scars may face ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A79FF99FEAB28917BB54BF5" box="[266,399,1424,1449]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1629,1651]" captionText="FIGURE 14. NOvOcrania philippinensis dorsal valve. A, F. USNM 274128 (holotype, the Philippines). A. Valve exterior. F. Valve interior. B. OU 44518 a (Vancouver Island, Canada). Valve exterior. C, G, J, K, N. UMUT RB 32325 a (off Chiba, Japan). C. Valve exterior with spines on concentric growth rings. G. Close-up of minute spines. J. Valve interior. K. Close-up of muscle scars. N. Line drawing of muscle scars. D, H, L. OU 44518 b (Vancouver Island, Canada). D. Valve interior. H. Oblique view showing low anterior muscle scars. L. Line drawing of muscle scars. E, I, M. UMUT RB 32325 b (off Chiba, Japan). E. Valve interior. I. Oblique view showing anterior muscle scars on raised pedestals and median process. M. Line drawing of muscle scars." pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Fig. 14D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
) or be tilted towards the posterior (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A79FF99FCBD289179A44BF5" box="[796,926,1424,1449]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1629,1651]" captionText="FIGURE 14. NOvOcrania philippinensis dorsal valve. A, F. USNM 274128 (holotype, the Philippines). A. Valve exterior. F. Valve interior. B. OU 44518 a (Vancouver Island, Canada). Valve exterior. C, G, J, K, N. UMUT RB 32325 a (off Chiba, Japan). C. Valve exterior with spines on concentric growth rings. G. Close-up of minute spines. J. Valve interior. K. Close-up of muscle scars. N. Line drawing of muscle scars. D, H, L. OU 44518 b (Vancouver Island, Canada). D. Valve interior. H. Oblique view showing low anterior muscle scars. L. Line drawing of muscle scars. E, I, M. UMUT RB 32325 b (off Chiba, Japan). E. Valve interior. I. Oblique view showing anterior muscle scars on raised pedestals and median process. M. Line drawing of muscle scars." pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Fig. 14J, K</figureCitation>
|
||
). The support structure scars are often placed at the lateral ends of the anterior adductor slow-muscle scars (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A79FF99FC2828B57E084B91" box="[905,1074,1460,1485]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1629,1651]" captionText="FIGURE 14. NOvOcrania philippinensis dorsal valve. A, F. USNM 274128 (holotype, the Philippines). A. Valve exterior. F. Valve interior. B. OU 44518 a (Vancouver Island, Canada). Valve exterior. C, G, J, K, N. UMUT RB 32325 a (off Chiba, Japan). C. Valve exterior with spines on concentric growth rings. G. Close-up of minute spines. J. Valve interior. K. Close-up of muscle scars. N. Line drawing of muscle scars. D, H, L. OU 44518 b (Vancouver Island, Canada). D. Valve interior. H. Oblique view showing low anterior muscle scars. L. Line drawing of muscle scars. E, I, M. UMUT RB 32325 b (off Chiba, Japan). E. Valve interior. I. Oblique view showing anterior muscle scars on raised pedestals and median process. M. Line drawing of muscle scars." pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Fig. 14E, I–K</figureCitation>
|
||
) making the latter scars seem elongated. The support structure scars are often raised and face medially. The small anterior muscle scars attach to a single median process of variable length. The valve surface is densely punctate. The dorsal valve is often deeper than the ventral valve and has a concave marginal rim up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A79FF99FCC92B2079974864" box="[872,941,1569,1593]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A79FF99FBA02B217E854865" box="[1025,1215,1568,1593]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1629,1651]" captionText="FIGURE 14. NOvOcrania philippinensis dorsal valve. A, F. USNM 274128 (holotype, the Philippines). A. Valve exterior. F. Valve interior. B. OU 44518 a (Vancouver Island, Canada). Valve exterior. C, G, J, K, N. UMUT RB 32325 a (off Chiba, Japan). C. Valve exterior with spines on concentric growth rings. G. Close-up of minute spines. J. Valve interior. K. Close-up of muscle scars. N. Line drawing of muscle scars. D, H, L. OU 44518 b (Vancouver Island, Canada). D. Valve interior. H. Oblique view showing low anterior muscle scars. L. Line drawing of muscle scars. E, I, M. UMUT RB 32325 b (off Chiba, Japan). E. Valve interior. I. Oblique view showing anterior muscle scars on raised pedestals and median process. M. Line drawing of muscle scars." pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Fig. 14E, F, I, J</figureCitation>
|
||
) that is sometimes tuberculate on the inner edge. The dorsal mantle canal main stem often runs closely beside the anterior adductor muscles, thus the mantle canal branches may appear to open from the anterior side of the anterior adductor muscles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A79FF99FF3E2B8D7B2048F9" box="[159,282,1676,1701]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1629,1651]" captionText="FIGURE 14. NOvOcrania philippinensis dorsal valve. A, F. USNM 274128 (holotype, the Philippines). A. Valve exterior. F. Valve interior. B. OU 44518 a (Vancouver Island, Canada). Valve exterior. C, G, J, K, N. UMUT RB 32325 a (off Chiba, Japan). C. Valve exterior with spines on concentric growth rings. G. Close-up of minute spines. J. Valve interior. K. Close-up of muscle scars. N. Line drawing of muscle scars. D, H, L. OU 44518 b (Vancouver Island, Canada). D. Valve interior. H. Oblique view showing low anterior muscle scars. L. Line drawing of muscle scars. E, I, M. UMUT RB 32325 b (off Chiba, Japan). E. Valve interior. I. Oblique view showing anterior muscle scars on raised pedestals and median process. M. Line drawing of muscle scars." pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Fig. 14E, I</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A79FF99FF662BB17B3249FD" blockId="27.[151,1437,1244,2025]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
|
||
The ventral valve is a densely-punctate shallow bowl with tubercles on the wide convex marginal rims and a calcitic rostellum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A79FF99FECA2BD57BCF48B1" box="[363,501,1748,1773]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="27.[151,250,871,893]" captionTargetBox="[202,1397,199,820]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[166,1420,171,849]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 15. NOvOcrania philippinensis ventral valve and 3 D images. A. ZMB Bra 2409 (Taiwan). Ventral valve interior with rostellum, tubercles on margin and deeply incised mantle canals. B, D, E. OU 44518 b (Vancouver Island, Canada). B. Partial ventral valve interior. D. 3 D image from micro-CT scan, oblique cutaway through whole specimen (line D on Fig. 15 B) showing slightly raised support structure scar and small mound on dorsal valve (where small anterior muscles attach) and calcitic rostellum on ventral valve. E. Vertical slice from micro-CT scan down midline (line E on Fig. 15 B) showing a small mound on dorsal valve and rostellum on ventral valve. C. IGSP 58850 (Sado Island, Japan). Ventral valve interior." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1010157/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Fig. 15A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal valve varies from sub-conical to conical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A79FF99FBC52BD57ED448B1" box="[1124,1262,1748,1773]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="27.[151,250,871,893]" captionTargetBox="[202,1397,199,820]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[166,1420,171,849]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 15. NOvOcrania philippinensis ventral valve and 3 D images. A. ZMB Bra 2409 (Taiwan). Ventral valve interior with rostellum, tubercles on margin and deeply incised mantle canals. B, D, E. OU 44518 b (Vancouver Island, Canada). B. Partial ventral valve interior. D. 3 D image from micro-CT scan, oblique cutaway through whole specimen (line D on Fig. 15 B) showing slightly raised support structure scar and small mound on dorsal valve (where small anterior muscles attach) and calcitic rostellum on ventral valve. E. Vertical slice from micro-CT scan down midline (line E on Fig. 15 B) showing a small mound on dorsal valve and rostellum on ventral valve. C. IGSP 58850 (Sado Island, Japan). Ventral valve interior." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1010157/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Fig. 15D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The posterior adductor muscle scars are irregular in shape. The rostellum has a rounded tip where the oblique internal muscles attach (but no spike as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A79FF99FE1B2A1C78794968" baseAuthorityName="Logan & Long" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[442,579,1820,1844]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A79FF99FE1B2A1C78794968" box="[442,579,1820,1844]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">N. turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The anterior adductor muscle scars have deep quick-muscle dimples (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A79FF99FACE2A1D7AD64905" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="27.[151,250,871,893]" captionTargetBox="[202,1397,199,820]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[166,1420,171,849]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 15. NOvOcrania philippinensis ventral valve and 3 D images. A. ZMB Bra 2409 (Taiwan). Ventral valve interior with rostellum, tubercles on margin and deeply incised mantle canals. B, D, E. OU 44518 b (Vancouver Island, Canada). B. Partial ventral valve interior. D. 3 D image from micro-CT scan, oblique cutaway through whole specimen (line D on Fig. 15 B) showing slightly raised support structure scar and small mound on dorsal valve (where small anterior muscles attach) and calcitic rostellum on ventral valve. E. Vertical slice from micro-CT scan down midline (line E on Fig. 15 B) showing a small mound on dorsal valve and rostellum on ventral valve. C. IGSP 58850 (Sado Island, Japan). Ventral valve interior." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1010157/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Fig. 15A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ventral mantle canals may be strongly incised into the valve floor (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A79FF99FB8C2A417EAD4905" box="[1069,1175,1856,1881]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="27.[151,250,871,893]" captionTargetBox="[202,1397,199,820]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[166,1420,171,849]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 15. NOvOcrania philippinensis ventral valve and 3 D images. A. ZMB Bra 2409 (Taiwan). Ventral valve interior with rostellum, tubercles on margin and deeply incised mantle canals. B, D, E. OU 44518 b (Vancouver Island, Canada). B. Partial ventral valve interior. D. 3 D image from micro-CT scan, oblique cutaway through whole specimen (line D on Fig. 15 B) showing slightly raised support structure scar and small mound on dorsal valve (where small anterior muscles attach) and calcitic rostellum on ventral valve. E. Vertical slice from micro-CT scan down midline (line E on Fig. 15 B) showing a small mound on dorsal valve and rostellum on ventral valve. C. IGSP 58850 (Sado Island, Japan). Ventral valve interior." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1010157/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
|
||
). A cutaway 3D image (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A79FF99FF3E2A657B3D4921" box="[159,263,1892,1917]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="27.[151,250,871,893]" captionTargetBox="[202,1397,199,820]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[166,1420,171,849]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 15. NOvOcrania philippinensis ventral valve and 3 D images. A. ZMB Bra 2409 (Taiwan). Ventral valve interior with rostellum, tubercles on margin and deeply incised mantle canals. B, D, E. OU 44518 b (Vancouver Island, Canada). B. Partial ventral valve interior. D. 3 D image from micro-CT scan, oblique cutaway through whole specimen (line D on Fig. 15 B) showing slightly raised support structure scar and small mound on dorsal valve (where small anterior muscles attach) and calcitic rostellum on ventral valve. E. Vertical slice from micro-CT scan down midline (line E on Fig. 15 B) showing a small mound on dorsal valve and rostellum on ventral valve. C. IGSP 58850 (Sado Island, Japan). Ventral valve interior." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1010157/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Fig. 15D</figureCitation>
|
||
) and vertical slice down the midline (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A79FF99FD632A65791D4921" box="[706,807,1892,1917]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="27.[151,250,871,893]" captionTargetBox="[202,1397,199,820]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[166,1420,171,849]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 15. NOvOcrania philippinensis ventral valve and 3 D images. A. ZMB Bra 2409 (Taiwan). Ventral valve interior with rostellum, tubercles on margin and deeply incised mantle canals. B, D, E. OU 44518 b (Vancouver Island, Canada). B. Partial ventral valve interior. D. 3 D image from micro-CT scan, oblique cutaway through whole specimen (line D on Fig. 15 B) showing slightly raised support structure scar and small mound on dorsal valve (where small anterior muscles attach) and calcitic rostellum on ventral valve. E. Vertical slice from micro-CT scan down midline (line E on Fig. 15 B) showing a small mound on dorsal valve and rostellum on ventral valve. C. IGSP 58850 (Sado Island, Japan). Ventral valve interior." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1010157/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Fig. 15E</figureCitation>
|
||
) shows the ventral valve may be very thin around the rostellum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315656E0A79FF9EFF662AAD7BD64F3B" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="529" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A79FF9EFF662AAD7BD64F3B" blockId="27.[151,1437,1244,2025]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1436,151,359]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="529" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A79FF99FF662AAD7B114999" bold="true" box="[199,299,1964,1989]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
In the Barkley Sound area of Vancouver Island,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A79FF99FCF12AAD799D4999" box="[848,935,1964,1989]" name="Canada" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A79FF99FC122AAC7E4B4998" baseAuthorityName="Dall" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[947,1137,1964,1988]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="philippinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A79FF99FC122AAC7E4B4998" box="[947,1137,1964,1988]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">N. philippinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found on the rock walls of the northern fjords and where it occurs it is usually the most abundant organism present with densities of at least 500/m2 (Tunnicliffe & Wilson 1988). It has a depth range of
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A7EFF9EFC9C2D9B79944EEE" box="[829,942,154,179]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.725" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="0.35" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" unit="m" value="272.5" valueMax="510.0" valueMin="35.0">35–510 m</quantity>
|
||
but is most common at less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A7EFF9EFA842D9A7F574EEE" box="[1317,1389,155,179]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
||
and is usually on “sloping rock faces where sediment can accumulate” (Tunnicliffe & Wilson 1988, p. 126). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A7EFF9EFAFD2DC17FA64E8B" box="[1372,1436,192,215]" name="Japan" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
the known depth range is
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A7EFF9EFE1E2DE3780B4EA6" box="[447,561,226,251]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.795" metricValueMax="3.16" metricValueMin="0.43" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" unit="m" value="179.5" valueMax="316.0" valueMin="43.0">43–316 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68D035E0A7EFF9EFDE02DE378A34EA7" box="[577,665,226,251]" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="52.[151,239,1202,1225]" captionText="TABLE 8. Novocrania philippinensis material examined. This includes material identified as Novocrania californica which is synonymized in this study under N. philippinensis. Material with an * was examined from digital images taken by Sarah Long, NHMUK." pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Table 8</tableCitation>
|
||
). Dall (1920) reported that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B488470A7EFF9EFC5E2DE27E154EA7" box="[1023,1071,227,251]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A7EFF9EFABF2DE37FA64EA7" box="[1310,1436,226,251]" name="Philippines" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
were collected at
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A7EFF9EFEFF2C067B9C4F43" box="[350,422,263,287]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.08" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" unit="m" value="208.0">208 m</quantity>
|
||
on green mud. La Barbera (1986) noted that in this species the feeding current enters the valves at the anterior and exits laterally; this is the opposite of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A7EFF9EFCC62C2A79D14F1F" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[871,1003,299,323]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A7EFF9EFCC62C2A79D14F1F" box="[871,1003,299,323]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">N. anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
where the currents enter laterally and exit anteriorly (Chuang 1974).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |