1178 lines
141 KiB
XML
1178 lines
141 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="8F2D8B0BB6EBF1C2C20B7027767E7F43">A review of all Recent species in the genus Novocrania (Craniata, Brachiopoda)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="18541FFC4F4E792C420C2BC6114E6EED">Jeffrey H Robinson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="402C819C7652170D973E8F9AEC2D2B3A">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03A687F30A64FF8EFF362B627F724E88" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6041629" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135435383" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6041629" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687F30A64FF8EFF362B627F724E88" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687F30A64FF8EFF362B627F724E88" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="513" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">
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<subSubSection id="C315656E0A64FF84FF362B627BF348C2" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB036E50A64FF84FF362B6278774822" blockId="6.[151,589,1635,1695]" box="[151,589,1635,1662]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">
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<heading id="D0F881890A64FF84FF362B6278774822" bold="true" box="[151,589,1635,1662]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A64FF84FF362B6278774822" ID-CoL="6SCVB" authority="(Muller, 1776)" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[151,589,1635,1662]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A64FF84FF362B6278774822" bold="true" box="[151,589,1635,1662]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A64FF84FF362B627BAC4821" bold="true" box="[151,406,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Novocrania anomala</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B140A64FF84FE042B65787F4822" author="Muller" box="[421,581,1636,1662]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" refString="Muller, O. F. (1776) Zoologiae Danicae prodromus, seu animalium Daniae et Norvegiae indigenarum: characteres, nomina, et synonyma imprimis popularium. Typis Hallagerii, Havni, Copenhagen, 282 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13268" type="book" year="1776">Müller, 1776</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A64FF84FF362B877BF348C2" blockId="6.[151,589,1635,1695]" box="[151,457,1670,1695]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Stratigraphic range: Recent</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315656E0A64FF8AFF362BCF7BD14B24" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="509" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="8BB036E50A64FF84FF362BCF78D148B8" blockId="6.[151,1121,1742,2010]" box="[151,747,1742,1764]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A64FF84FF362BCF78D148B8" box="[151,747,1742,1764]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" type="journal volume">
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A64FF84FF362BCF7AF748B8" box="[151,205,1742,1764]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">1776</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A64FF84FF762BCF7BF648B8" box="[215,460,1742,1764]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A64FF84FF762BCF7B4548B8" box="[215,383,1742,1764]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Patella anomala</emphasis>
|
||
Müller
|
||
</title>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A64FF84FE772BCF78A548B8" box="[470,671,1742,1764]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A64FF84FE772BCF78A148B8" box="[470,667,1742,1764]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Zoologiae Danicae</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
p.
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A64FF84FD1F2BCF78DD48B8" box="[702,743,1742,1764]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" type="volume">237</part>
|
||
.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A64FF84FF362BEC79A0495F" blockId="6.[151,1121,1742,2010]" box="[151,922,1773,1795]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A64FF84FF362BEC79A0495F" box="[151,922,1773,1795]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" type="book chapter">
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A64FF84FF362BEC7AF7495F" box="[151,205,1773,1795]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">1788</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A64FF84FF762BEC7BF6495F" box="[215,460,1773,1795]" jopScore="0.055596918" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A64FF84FF762BEC7B45495F" box="[215,383,1773,1795]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Patella anomala</emphasis>
|
||
Müller
|
||
</title>
|
||
,
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A64FF84FE772BEC7924495F" box="[470,798,1773,1795]" jopScore="0.84514767" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" type="_" typeScore="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A64FF84FE772BEC78B3495F" box="[470,649,1773,1795]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Zoologia Danica,</emphasis>
|
||
vol. 1, p. 4, pl
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
. 5, figs
|
||
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A64FF84FCCC2BEC79AF495F" box="[877,917,1773,1795]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" type="pagination">1–8</pagination>
|
||
.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A64FF84FF362A0D799F49C0" blockId="6.[151,1121,1742,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A64FF84FF362A0D799F49C0" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" type="journal article">
|
||
1798:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A64FF84FF762A0D7BA8497E" box="[215,402,1804,1826]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Orbicula anomala</emphasis>
|
||
(Müller), Cuvier,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A64FF84FDEB2A0D79E1497D" box="[586,987,1804,1826]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Tableau élément. l’hist. natur. des Anim</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 435, 436. 1801:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A64FF84FF762A2A7BB0491C" box="[215,394,1835,1856]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Crania personata</emphasis>
|
||
Lamarck,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A64FF84FE562A2A794A491C" box="[503,880,1834,1856]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Systeme des Animaux sans Ƒertebres,</emphasis>
|
||
p. 138. 1815:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A64FF84FF762A487B4F4903" box="[215,373,1865,1887]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Patella distorta</emphasis>
|
||
<author id="53B2DE000A64FF84FEDA2A4B781A4903" box="[379,544,1866,1887]" fns="N" kam="kam" npo="LF" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">
|
||
Montagu,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A64FF84FE422A4B781A4903" box="[483,544,1866,1887]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Trans</emphasis>
|
||
</author>
|
||
. of the Linn. Soc., 11, p. 195, pl. 13, fig. 5.
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A64FF84FF362A667AF74921" box="[151,205,1895,1917]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">1817</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A64FF84FF762A6679E84922" box="[215,978,1895,1918]" jopScore="4.432056" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" type="_" typeScore="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A64FF84FF762A667BAB4921" box="[215,401,1895,1917]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Orbicula anomala</emphasis>
|
||
(Müller), Cuvier,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A64FF84FDEB2A6879E84922" box="[586,978,1895,1918]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Le Régne Animal dist. d’aprés son org</emphasis>
|
||
</title>
|
||
., p.
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A64FF84FC5D2A667E1F4921" box="[1020,1061,1895,1917]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" type="volume">504</part>
|
||
. 1819:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A64FF84FF762A867BB049C0" box="[215,394,1927,1948]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Crania personata</emphasis>
|
||
Lamarck,
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A64FF84FE562A86792549C0" box="[503,799,1926,1948]" jopScore="5.1836205" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A64FF84FE562A86792549C0" box="[503,799,1926,1948]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Hist. nat. des Anim. sans vert</emphasis>
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
, p.
|
||
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A64FF84FCE72A87799B49C0" box="[838,929,1926,1948]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" type="pagination">243–245</pagination>
|
||
.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A64FF84FF362AA479984986" blockId="6.[151,1121,1742,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A64FF84FF362AA479984986" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" type="journal article">
|
||
<author id="53B2DE000A64FF84FF362AA479DA49E7" box="[151,992,1957,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">
|
||
1822:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A64FF84FF762AA77BB049E7" box="[215,394,1958,1979]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Crania personata</emphasis>
|
||
Lamarck, Sowerby,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A64FF84FDFD2AA7797249E7" box="[604,840,1957,1979]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Trans. of the Linn. Soc.</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 471, fig. 3a
|
||
</author>
|
||
–e.
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A64FF84FF362AC57AF74986" box="[151,205,1988,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">1822</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A64FF84FF762AC57BD44986" box="[215,494,1988,2010]" jopScore="1.3869166" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" type="_" typeScore="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A64FF84FF762AC57BA84986" box="[215,402,1988,2010]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">Criopus anomalus</emphasis>
|
||
Fleming
|
||
</title>
|
||
,
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A64FF84FE592AC579324986" box="[504,776,1988,2010]" jopScore="2.1799939" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A64FF84FE592AC579324986" box="[504,776,1988,2010]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="507">The Philosophy of Zoology</emphasis>
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
, vol.
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A64FF84FCE32AC5796B4986" box="[834,849,1988,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" type="volume">2</part>
|
||
, p.
|
||
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A64FF84FCD52AC579A74986" box="[884,925,1988,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="507" type="pagination">499</pagination>
|
||
.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A65FF85FF362D9979A24E90" blockId="7.[151,1124,152,296]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A65FF85FF362D9979A24E90" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" type="journal article">
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A65FF85FF362D997AF74EF2" box="[151,205,152,174]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">1846</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A65FF85FF762D9879C54EF2" box="[215,1023,152,174]" jopScore="0.020007621" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FF762D987B444EF2" box="[215,382,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Crania anomala</emphasis>
|
||
(Müller), Lovén,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FD952D98798D4EF2" box="[564,951,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">In. Moll. litora Scand. Occident. habit</emphasis>
|
||
., p. 29
|
||
</title>
|
||
.
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A65FF85FF362DB77AF74E90" box="[151,205,182,204]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" type="volume">1852</part>
|
||
:
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A65FF85FF762DB6797F4E90" box="[215,837,182,205]" jopScore="0.021913107" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FF762DB67BA64E90" box="[215,412,182,204]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Criopus orcadensis</emphasis>
|
||
Leach,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FE4D2DB7797F4E90" box="[492,837,182,205]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Molluscorum Britanniae Synopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
, p.
|
||
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A65FF85FCCA2DB779AE4E90" box="[875,916,182,204]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" type="pagination">358</pagination>
|
||
.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A65FF85FF362DD479B34EB7" blockId="7.[151,1124,152,296]" box="[151,905,213,235]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A65FF85FF362DD479B34EB7" box="[151,905,213,235]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" type="journal volume">
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A65FF85FF362DD47AF74EB7" box="[151,205,213,235]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">1871</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A65FF85FF762DD7782E4EB7" box="[215,532,213,235]" jopScore="0.3207387" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FF762DD77B444EB7" box="[215,382,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Crania anomala</emphasis>
|
||
(Müller), Dall
|
||
</title>
|
||
,
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A65FF85FDBF2DD4797E4EB7" box="[542,836,213,235]" jopScore="1.2829548" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FDBF2DD4797E4EB7" box="[542,836,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Bull. Harv. Mus. Comp. Zoo.</emphasis>
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
, p.
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A65FF85FCC82DD479BF4EB7" box="[873,901,213,235]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" type="volume">32</part>
|
||
.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A65FF85FF362DF57E6D4F74" blockId="7.[151,1124,152,296]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A65FF85FF362DF57E6D4F74" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" type="journal article">
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A65FF85FF362DF57E5A4F56" box="[151,1120,244,266]" jopScore="1.4342546" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
1986:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FF762DF47B9B4F56" box="[215,417,244,266]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Neocrania anomala</emphasis>
|
||
(Müller), Lee & Brunton,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FD0E2DF579BB4F56" box="[687,897,244,266]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FC2E2DF579FA4F55" box="[911,960,244,265]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Geo.</emphasis>
|
||
), 40 (4), p. 152
|
||
</title>
|
||
.
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A65FF85FF362C137AF74F74" box="[151,205,274,296]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">2001</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A65FF85FF762C1279C04F74" box="[215,1018,274,296]" jopScore="2.6772754" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FF762C127B974F74" box="[215,429,274,296]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Novocrania anomala</emphasis>
|
||
(Müller), Lee & Brunton,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FD1D2C1379B44F74" box="[700,910,274,296]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FC3D2C1279F74F74" box="[924,973,275,296]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Geo.</emphasis>
|
||
), 57
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
(
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A65FF85FBAB2C137E2F4F74" box="[1034,1045,274,296]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" type="issue">1</part>
|
||
), p.
|
||
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A65FF85FBE52C137E694F74" box="[1092,1107,274,296]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" type="pagination">5</pagination>
|
||
.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A65FF85FF362C5179524FD8" blockId="7.[151,1153,336,664]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A65FF85FF362C5179524FD8" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" type="journal article">
|
||
<author id="53B2DE000A65FF85FF362C517E5B4F3A" box="[151,1121,336,358]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
1871:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FF762C507B254F3A" box="[215,287,337,358]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Crania</emphasis>
|
||
(?
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FE9E2C517BA24F3A" box="[319,408,336,358]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">anomala</emphasis>
|
||
var.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FE732C51787A4F3A" box="[466,576,336,358]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">pourtalesii</emphasis>
|
||
Dall,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FDDF2C5179674F3A" box="[638,861,336,358]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoo</emphasis>
|
||
., 3(1), p. 35, pl. 1, fig. 7a
|
||
</author>
|
||
–b.
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A65FF85FF362C6F7AF74FD8" box="[151,205,366,388]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">1886</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A65FF85FF762C6E7BC54FD8" box="[215,511,366,388]" jopScore="1.8479918" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" type="_" typeScore="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FF762C6E7BA94FD8" box="[215,403,366,388]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Crania pourtalesii</emphasis>
|
||
Dall, Dall
|
||
</title>
|
||
,
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A65FF85FDA82C6F78D54FD8" box="[521,751,366,389]" jopScore="2.800762" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FDA82C6F78D34FD9" box="[521,745,366,389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoo</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
,
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A65FF85FD5D2C6F792D4FD8" box="[764,791,366,388]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" type="volume">12</part>
|
||
, p.
|
||
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A65FF85FC9A2C6F795E4FD8" box="[827,868,366,388]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" type="pagination">205</pagination>
|
||
.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A65FF85FF362C8C79004FBC" blockId="7.[151,1153,336,664]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A65FF85FF362C8C79004FBC" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" type="journal article">
|
||
<author id="53B2DE000A65FF85FF362C8C79DC4F9E" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
1920:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FF762C8F7BA94FFF" box="[215,403,397,419]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Crania pourtalesii</emphasis>
|
||
Dall, Dall,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FDA82C8F794A4FFF" box="[521,880,397,419]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
Proc. of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A65FF85FD242C8C79374FFF" box="[645,781,397,419]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
Nat. Mus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
., 57, p. 273. 1954:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FF762CAD7BA94F9E" box="[215,403,428,450]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Crania pourtalesii</emphasis>
|
||
Dall, Cooper,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FD862CAD79024F9D" box="[551,824,428,450]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Fish. Bull. Fish. Wild. Serv</emphasis>
|
||
., 55, p. 363, 364
|
||
</author>
|
||
.
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A65FF85FF362CCB7AF74FBC" box="[151,205,458,480]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">1971</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A65FF85FF762CCA786D4FBC" box="[215,599,458,480]" jopScore="5.035814" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" type="_" typeScore="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FF762CCA7BA94FBC" box="[215,403,458,480]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Crania pourtalesii</emphasis>
|
||
Dall, Jackson
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FD862CCA786D4FBC" box="[551,599,458,480]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">et al</emphasis>
|
||
</title>
|
||
.,
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A65FF85FDC62CCA788E4FBC" box="[615,692,459,480]" jopScore="6.7063437" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FDC62CCA788E4FBC" box="[615,692,459,480]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Science</emphasis>
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
,
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A65FF85FD602CCB78D34FBC" box="[705,745,458,480]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" type="volume">173</part>
|
||
, p.
|
||
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A65FF85FCAC2CCB790C4FBC" box="[781,822,458,480]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" type="pagination">624</pagination>
|
||
.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A65FF85FF362CE879FE4FA3" blockId="7.[151,1153,336,664]" box="[151,964,489,511]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A65FF85FF362CE879FE4FA3" box="[151,964,489,511]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" type="journal article">
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A65FF85FF362CE87AF74FA3" box="[151,205,489,511]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">1977</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A65FF85FF762CEB7BFA4FA3" box="[215,448,489,511]" jopScore="0.06555659" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FF762CEB7BB64FA3" box="[215,396,489,511]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Crania pourtalesi</emphasis>
|
||
Dall
|
||
</title>
|
||
,
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A65FF85FE6B2CE8797A4FA3" box="[458,832,489,511]" jopScore="0.9833489" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
Cooper,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FD812CE878D84FA3" box="[544,738,489,511]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Stud. Trop. Ocean.,</emphasis>
|
||
p. 53, pl
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
.
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A65FF85FCE82CE8796D4FA3" box="[841,855,489,511]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" type="volume">2</part>
|
||
, fig.
|
||
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A65FF85FC2A2CE879854FA3" box="[907,959,489,511]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" type="pagination">5–11</pagination>
|
||
.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A65FF85FF362F0978E84C26" blockId="7.[151,1153,336,664]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A65FF85FF362F0978E84C26" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" type="journal article">
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A65FF85FF362F0978BC4C07" jopScore="3.3293405" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" type="_" typeScore="2">
|
||
1977:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FF762F087B254C42" box="[215,287,521,542]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Crania</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FEEC2F087B644C42" box="[333,350,521,542]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FECA2F097BE84C42" box="[363,466,520,542]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">pourtalesi</emphasis>
|
||
Dall, Cooper,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FDC72F0979134C42" box="[614,809,520,542]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Stud. Trop. Ocean.,</emphasis>
|
||
p. 54, pl. 28, fig. 18. 1986:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FF762F297B954C60" box="[215,431,550,573]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Neocrania pourtalesi</emphasis>
|
||
(Dall), Lee & Brunton,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FD052F2779554C61" box="[676,879,550,573]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FCDC2F2679944C60" box="[893,942,551,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Geo.</emphasis>
|
||
), 40 (4), p. 152. 1990:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FF762F477B954C07" box="[215,431,581,603]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Neocrania pourtalesi</emphasis>
|
||
(Dall), Zezina,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FDEE2F4478BC4C07" box="[591,646,581,603]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Akad</emphasis>
|
||
</title>
|
||
.
|
||
<author id="53B2DE000A65FF85FD312F4479394C07" box="[656,771,581,603]" fns="I" npo="LF" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Nauk SSSR</author>
|
||
, Okean. Instit., 126, p. 131.
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A65FF85FF362F657AF74C26" box="[151,205,612,634]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">1992</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A65FF85FF762F6578634C26" box="[215,601,612,634]" jopScore="3.6366644" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FF762F657BB04C26" box="[215,394,612,634]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Crania pourtelesi</emphasis>
|
||
Dall, Emig,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FDAD2F6578634C26" box="[524,601,612,634]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Lethaia</emphasis>
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
,
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A65FF85FDC72F6578BB4C26" box="[614,641,612,634]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" type="volume">25</part>
|
||
, p.
|
||
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A65FF85FD042F6578F44C26" box="[677,718,612,634]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" type="pagination">297</pagination>
|
||
.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A65FF85FF362F837E764CC4" blockId="7.[151,1153,336,664]" box="[151,1100,642,664]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<bibRef id="52AFA2130A65FF85FF362F837E764CC4" box="[151,1100,642,664]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" type="journal article">
|
||
<year id="FFA777B60A65FF85FF362F837AF74CC4" box="[151,205,642,664]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">2001</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<title id="F90BDDD30A65FF85FF762F82789D4CC4" box="[215,679,642,664]" jopScore="0.23904248" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FF762F827B814CC4" box="[215,443,642,664]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Novocrania pourtalesi</emphasis>
|
||
(Dall), Lee & Brunton
|
||
</title>
|
||
,
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51CE3C290A65FF85FD102F8379D54CC4" box="[689,1007,642,664]" jopScore="1.3147336" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FD102F8379B84CC4" box="[689,898,642,664]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FC312F8279FB4CC4" box="[912,961,643,664]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Geo.</emphasis>
|
||
), 57
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
(
|
||
<part id="FFAB9C780A65FF85FC5E2F837E304CC4" box="[1023,1034,642,664]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" type="issue">1</part>
|
||
), p.
|
||
<pagination id="B2C6C8110A65FF85FB982F837E724CC4" box="[1081,1096,642,664]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" type="pagination">5</pagination>
|
||
.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A65FF85FF362FBE7BD84DEC" blockId="7.[151,1436,703,2025]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FF362FBE7B214C84" bold="true" box="[151,283,703,728]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Synonymy.</emphasis>
|
||
The early taxonomy of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FD082FBE792C4C84" authorityName="Menke" authorityYear="1828" box="[681,790,703,728]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="family">Craniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very confused as the early taxonomists struggled with the differences between limpet molluscs, discinid brachiopods and craniid brachiopods. A great many synonymous names were proposed, including many for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FDD72E0878C24D7C" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[630,760,776,800]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FDD72E0878C24D7C" box="[630,760,776,800]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">N. anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FC8E2E0879824D7C" baseAuthorityName="Poli" baseAuthorityYear="1795" box="[815,952,776,800]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FC8E2E0879824D7C" box="[815,952,776,800]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">N. turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Dall (1871) reviewed the family Cranidae and resolved much of the confusion. Dall (1871) listed extensive synonymies for the Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FB142E2D7F1F4D19" authorityName="Menke" authorityYear="1828" box="[1205,1317,812,837]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="family">Craniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FF362E517BB14D34" authority="Retzius, 1871" authorityName="Retzius" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,395,847,872]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FF362E517ADD4D3B" box="[151,231,848,871]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Crania</emphasis>
|
||
Retzius, 1871
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and three species. The list of synonymous names under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FBB32E517EF64D34" baseAuthorityName="Winchell" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1042,1228,848,872]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FBB32E517EF64D34" box="[1042,1228,848,872]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Crania anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
included 5 genera and 9 species by 29 authors (Dall listed a separate synonymy for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FCD72E757E0F4DD0" box="[886,1077,884,908]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FCD72E757E0F4DD0" box="[886,1077,884,908]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Crania turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Not all of the early synonyms are discussed or listed herein.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A65FF85FF662EBD7F644A1C" blockId="7.[151,1436,703,2025]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
Müller (1776) briefly described this species as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FD792EBD79A84D88" box="[728,914,956,980]" class="Gastropoda" family="Patellidae" genus="Patella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pezizales" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FD792EBD79A84D88" box="[728,914,956,980]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Patella anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but did not mention the ventral valve. Müller (1788) included more detailed descriptions and illustrations of both valves, the lophophore, the muscle scars, ventral mantle canals and specimens attached to a rock. Cuvier (1798; 1817) described specimens as
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FA9629057B3A4A1C" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FA9629057AC74A1C" class="Pezizomycetes" family="Pyronemataceae" genus="Orbicula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pezizales" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="anomala">Orbicula anomala</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FE2329297BDD4A1C" box="[386,487,1064,1088]" class="Pezizomycetes" family="Pyronemataceae" genus="Orbicula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pezizales" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FE2329297BDD4A1C" box="[386,487,1064,1088]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Orbicula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
became associated with discinids then fell out of usage (Lee & Brunton 1986).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A65FF85FF66294D7BD94B44" blockId="7.[151,1436,703,2025]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
Fleming (1822) synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FDBA294D78EC4A38" box="[539,726,1100,1124]" class="Gastropoda" family="Patellidae" genus="Patella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pezizales" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FDBA294D78EC4A38" box="[539,726,1100,1124]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Patella anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FCAC294D79874A38" box="[781,957,1100,1124]" class="Gastropoda" family="Patellidae" genus="Patella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pezizales" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="distorta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FCAC294D79874A38" box="[781,957,1100,1124]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Patella distorta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under the name
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FBDB294D7F6A4A38" box="[1146,1360,1100,1124]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FBDB294D7F774A38" box="[1146,1357,1100,1124]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Criopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomalus">Criopus anomalus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Leach (1852) described, but did not figure, specimens he named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FC9D29717E224AD4" box="[828,1048,1136,1160]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Criopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="orcadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FC9D29717E224AD4" box="[828,1048,1136,1160]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Criopus orcadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A65FF85FB2E296E7F014AD4" box="[1167,1339,1135,1160]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A65FF85FB2E296E7F014AD4" box="[1167,1339,1135,1160]" country="United Kingdom" name="Orkney Islands" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Orkney Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
that are probably
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FEA329947BB44AF0" box="[258,398,1172,1196]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FEA329947BB04AF0" box="[258,394,1172,1196]" class="Gastropoda" family="Patellidae" genus="Patella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pezizales" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="anomala">N. anomala</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Poli (1791; 1795) introduced the genera names
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FC1129957E304AF7" box="[944,1034,1172,1195]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Criopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FC1129957E304AF7" box="[944,1034,1172,1195]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Criopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FBE329957EE34AF0" authorityName="Poli" authorityYear="1795" box="[1090,1241,1172,1196]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Criopoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FBE329957EE34AF0" box="[1090,1241,1172,1196]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Criopoderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the soft parts and hard parts respectively of several brachiopods, thus a single animal might have two genus names. Lee & Brunton (1986, p. 150) noted that “In modern taxonomy this is clearly unacceptable” and applied for suppression of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FF1428017B354B4B" box="[181,271,1280,1303]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Criopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FF1428017B354B4B" box="[181,271,1280,1303]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Criopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FEE728017BE74B44" authorityName="Poli" authorityYear="1795" box="[326,477,1280,1304]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Criopoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FEE728017BE74B44" box="[326,477,1280,1304]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Criopoderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A65FF85FF6628257E334B91" blockId="7.[151,1436,703,2025]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
Sowerby (1822) described and figured dried specimens attached to a rock from the Shetland Islands and synonymised
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FE9428497BDD4B3C" box="[309,487,1352,1376]" class="Gastropoda" family="Patellidae" genus="Patella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pezizales" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="distorta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FE9428497BDD4B3C" box="[309,487,1352,1376]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Patella distorta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FD9D284979374B3C" box="[572,781,1352,1376]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FD9D284979324B3C" box="[572,776,1352,1376]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="personata">Crania personata</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Lovén (1846) synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FBFC28497F354B3C" box="[1117,1295,1352,1376]" class="Gastropoda" family="Patellidae" genus="Patella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pezizales" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="distorta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FBFC28497F354B3C" box="[1117,1295,1352,1376]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Patella distorta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FAED28497B3D4BD8" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="personata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FAED28497B3D4BD8" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Crania personata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FEF4286D78344BD8" baseAuthorityName="Winchell" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[341,526,1388,1412]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FEF4286D78344BD8" box="[341,526,1388,1412]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Crania anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Dall (1871) published his extensive synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FBEF286D7EEB4BD8" baseAuthorityName="Winchell" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1102,1233,1388,1412]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FBEF286D7EEB4BD8" box="[1102,1233,1388,1412]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">C. anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Lee and Brunton (1986) proposed a new genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FE47289178664BFB" box="[486,604,1424,1447]" class="Insecta" family="Eriocraniidae" genus="Neocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FE47289178664BFB" box="[486,604,1424,1447]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Neocrania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FD3A289079244BF4" baseAuthorityName="Winchell" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[667,798,1424,1448]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FD3A289079244BF4" box="[667,798,1424,1448]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">N. anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as its type species. In 2001, Lee & Brunton proposed the replacement genus name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FE1228B4780D4B90" authorityName="Lee & Brunton" authorityYear="2001" box="[435,567,1461,1484]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FE1228B4780D4B90" box="[435,567,1461,1484]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Novocrania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FD6828B479054B90" box="[713,831,1461,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Eriocraniidae" genus="Neocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FD6828B479054B90" box="[713,831,1461,1484]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Neocrania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was preoccupied.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A65FF8AFF6628D67EE14E88" blockId="7.[151,1436,703,2025]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="509" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
Dall (1871) first described and illustrated the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FCBB28D979534BB3" authorityName="Retzius" authorityYear="1871" box="[794,873,1496,1519]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FCBB28D979534BB3" box="[794,873,1496,1519]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Crania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FC2428D979DD4BAC" baseAuthorityName="Winchell" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[901,999,1496,1520]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FC2428D979DD4BAC" box="[901,999,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
var.)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FB8628D97E9A4BAC" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1871" box="[1063,1184,1496,1520]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="pourtalesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FB8628D97E9A4BAC" box="[1063,1184,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">pourtalesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from a few specimens dredged up in the Caribbean and stated that these specimens might represent a variety of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FB2528FD7F074848" baseAuthorityName="Winchell" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1156,1341,1532,1556]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FB2528FD7F074848" box="[1156,1341,1532,1556]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Crania anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but if a larger number of specimens proved it to be distinct he proposed the species name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FB892B217E9B4864" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1871" box="[1064,1185,1568,1592]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="pourtalesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FB892B217E9B4864" box="[1064,1185,1568,1592]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">pourtalesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
after the collector, Mr M. de Pourtalés. Joubin (1885) suggested
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FDDF2B4579394800" baseAuthorityName="Winchell" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[638,771,1604,1628]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FDDF2B4579394800" box="[638,771,1604,1628]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">C. anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FCB52B45798A4800" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1871" box="[788,944,1604,1628]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="pourtalesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FCB52B45798A4800" box="[788,944,1604,1628]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">C. pourtalesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FC4D2B457E534800" box="[1004,1129,1604,1628]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="rostrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FC4D2B457E534800" box="[1004,1129,1604,1628]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">C. rostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FB342B457EC74800" box="[1173,1277,1604,1628]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FB342B457EC74800" box="[1173,1277,1604,1628]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] might all be varieties of a single species (Emig 2014). Dall (1886) gave general localities for three specimens and omitted the ‘var.’ from the name, raising
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FE442B8D786448F8" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1871" box="[485,606,1676,1700]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="pourtalesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FE442B8D786448F8" box="[485,606,1676,1700]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">pourtalesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to a full species, but did not comment on this. Dall (1920, p. 273) listed specimens held in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, four specimens from three general localities including the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B488470A65FF85FDA52BD4780E48B1" box="[516,564,1749,1773]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, “off the Samboes” (in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A65FF85FC762BD57E1248B1" box="[983,1064,1748,1773]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
Keys). Cooper (1954) provided exact coordinates for a single specimen from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A65FF85FD182BF67915494C" box="[697,815,1783,1808]" country="Mexico" name="Campeche" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Campeche</collectingRegion>
|
||
Bank, Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A65FF85FC4C2BF67E7C494C" box="[1005,1094,1783,1808]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A65FF85FC4C2BF67E7C494C" box="[1005,1094,1783,1808]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Jackson
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FB1B2BF87EC2494C" box="[1210,1272,1784,1808]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1971) found specimens living on coral at
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A65FF85FE7A2A1D782F4968" box="[475,533,1820,1845]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" unit="m" value="60.0">60 m</quantity>
|
||
and within caves at
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A65FF85FD5C2A1D795A4968" box="[765,864,1820,1845]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 m</quantity>
|
||
on the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A65FF85FC142A1D79CF4968" box="[949,1013,1820,1844]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Coast</collectingRegion>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A65FF85FBBD2A1D7E404969" box="[1052,1146,1820,1845]" name="Jamaica" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Cooper (1977) described and figured the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B488470A65FF85FEEC2A417B474904" box="[333,381,1856,1880]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens and (inadvertently?) shortened the name to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FC552A417E5F4904" baseAuthorityName="Dall" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[1012,1125,1856,1880]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="pourtalesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FC552A417E5F4904" box="[1012,1125,1856,1880]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">pourtalesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Several later authors used the shortened version but it is not correct. Cohen
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FD1D2A6478D64920" box="[700,748,1892,1916]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2014) found that molecular analysis placed craniid material identified as ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FE932A887BFE49FC" baseAuthorityName="Dall" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[306,452,1928,1952]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="pourtalesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FE932A887BFE49FC" box="[306,452,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">N. pourtalesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A65FF85FDB52A86785449FC" box="[532,622,1927,1952]" name="Jamaica" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A65FF85FD072A8678D449FC" box="[678,750,1927,1952]" name="Belize" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A65FF85FD072A8678D449FC" box="[678,750,1927,1952]" country="Belize" name="Belize" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Belize</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Central America) into their Tethys clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FB772A887F5A49FC" box="[1238,1376,1928,1952]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FB772A887F5A49FC" box="[1238,1376,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">N. turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). All the material identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FE1B2AAC786C4998" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1871" box="[442,598,1964,1988]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="pourtalesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FE1B2AAC786C4998" box="[442,598,1964,1988]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">N. pourtalesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
held in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68D035E0A65FF85FF3F2AD17ACE49B4" box="[158,244,2000,2025]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="47.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 4. Novocrania anomala material examined. This includes material identified as Novocrania pourtalesii which is synonymized in this study under N. anomala. Latitude / longitude with a ‘ ~ ’ indicates locality is approximate. Abbreviations: NMHUK—Natural History Museum, London; OU—Geology Museum, Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; USNM—National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, USA." pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
) was examined and I recognized two species as being present,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FC1D2AD07E0549B4" baseAuthorityName="Winchell" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[956,1087,2000,2024]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FC1D2AD07E0549B4" box="[956,1087,2000,2024]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">N. anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A65FF85FBC62AD07F3B49B4" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1871" box="[1127,1281,2000,2024]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="pourtalesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A65FF85FBC62AD07F3B49B4" box="[1127,1281,2000,2024]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">N. pourtalesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B488470A65FF85FAA92AD07F0249B5" box="[1288,1336,2001,2025]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of Dall] and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6AFF8AFE912D987B864EEC" box="[304,444,152,176]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFE912D987B864EEC" box="[304,444,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">N. turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It appears that both of these species are present in the Caribbean (specimens of the Caribbean material are figured below).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6AFF8AFDF12DBC78D04E88" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1871" box="[592,746,188,212]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="pourtalesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFDF12DBC78D04E88" box="[592,746,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">N. pourtalesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is placed into synonymy under
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFBF12DBC7EE14E88" box="[1104,1243,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6AFF8AFBF12DBC7EED4E88" baseAuthorityName="Winchell" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1104,1239,188,212]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">N. anomala</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6AFF8AFF662DDE79184F1C" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFF662DDE7B804EA4" bold="true" box="[199,442,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Stratigraphic range.</emphasis>
|
||
It is difficult to give a stratigraphic range for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6AFF8AFC6A2DE07E754EA4" baseAuthorityName="Winchell" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[971,1103,224,248]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFC6A2DE07E754EA4" box="[971,1103,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">N. anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because a) there has been so much confusion as to which specimens are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6AFF8AFD222C04793D4F40" baseAuthorityName="Winchell" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[643,775,260,284]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFD222C04793D4F40" box="[643,775,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">N. anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and which are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6AFF8AFC142C047E054F40" box="[949,1087,260,284]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFC142C047E054F40" box="[949,1087,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">N. turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and b) there are relatively few fossil specimens attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6AFF8AFE442C2878534F1C" baseAuthorityName="Winchell" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[485,617,296,320]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFE442C2878534F1C" box="[485,617,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">N. anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the literature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6AFF8AFF662C4C7B804C44" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
|
||
In Late Oligocene specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6AFF8AFDF52C4C789A4F38" box="[596,672,333,356]" name="France" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6AFF8AFC9B2C4C79874F38" baseAuthorityName="Winchell" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[826,957,332,356]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFC9B2C4C79874F38" box="[826,957,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">N. anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Bitner
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFBBD2C4C7E6F4F38" box="[1052,1109,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013, fig. 2B–D) the ventral valves appear to have radial canals and a calcitic rostellum (like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6AFF8AFCD82C707E394FD4" box="[889,1027,368,392]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFCD82C7079B64FD4" box="[889,908,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFC3A2C717E394FD4" box="[923,1027,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6AFF8AFB142C717AEA4FF0" authority="Dall, 1877" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1877" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Ancistrocrania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFB142C717F664FDB" box="[1205,1372,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Ancistrocrania</emphasis>
|
||
Dall, 1877
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) but the two dorsal valves figured appear to have latent posterior and anterior adductor muscle scars. I have not seen any dorsal valves with latent muscle scars in any Recent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6AFF8AFC102CB97E0C4F93" authorityName="Lee & Brunton" authorityYear="2001" box="[945,1078,440,463]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFC102CB97E0C4F93" box="[945,1078,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Novocrania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (although, such is the morphological variability of this genus, it may exist). With no muscle scars in the dorsal valve the identity of these specimens is problematic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6AFF8AFF662F247B9B4CAC" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
|
||
In Middle Miocene specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6AFF8AFDC82F2578F34C61" box="[617,713,548,573]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6AFF8AFCC72F2479D14C60" baseAuthorityName="Winchell" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[870,1003,548,572]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFCC72F2479D14C60" box="[870,1003,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">N. anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Bitner & Motchurova-Dekova 2016, fig. 2C–G) the single ventral valve interior appears to have radial canals and and a calcitic rostellum, the two dorsal valve interiors have raised anterior adductor muscle scars and a median process, the single dorsal exterior has small spines/pustules; all morphological features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6AFF8AFD042F90790A4CF4" box="[677,816,656,680]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFD042F90790A4CF4" box="[677,816,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">N. turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Taddei Ruggerio & Taddei (2006, fig. 3.1) identified Quaternary specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6AFF8AFE762FB578304C91" box="[471,522,692,717]" name="Italy" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6AFF8AFD902FB4788F4C90" baseAuthorityName="Winchell" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[561,693,692,716]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFD902FB4788F4C90" box="[561,693,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">N. anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but the single ventral valve figured did not show the rostellum or any diagnostic features.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6AFF8AFF662FFC79004D94" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6AFF8AFF662FFC7B754D48" baseAuthorityName="Winchell" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[199,335,764,788]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFF662FFC7B754D48" box="[199,335,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">N. anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is herein provisionally restricted to Recent as I am unaware of any fossil material that can confidently be identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6AFF8AFE742E2078634D64" baseAuthorityName="Winchell" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[469,601,800,824]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFE742E2078634D64" box="[469,601,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">N. anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the calibrated time-tree (App.
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A6AFF8AFB972E1E7E404D64" box="[1078,1146,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1925,1947]" captionTargetBox="[285,1302,985,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[235,1351,967,1932]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Localities of Novocrania anomala (red dots) and N. altivertex (orange square). Yellow rectangles may be N. anomala or N. turbinata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1010147/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68D035E0A6AFF8AFB282E1E7EE74D64" box="[1161,1245,799,824]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="34.[151,239,982,1005]" captionText="TABLE 3. Calibration of the relative time-tree splits using the youngest possible age of the oldest secure N. lecointei fossil record (34.6 Ma) as an absolute minimum age at node K. The error bar values (95 % highest probability density) were supplied by B. L. Cohen." pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
) gives an age of 4.9 Ma for the oldest split between specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6AFF8AFD1A2E4479074D00" baseAuthorityName="Winchell" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[699,829,836,860]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFD1A2E4479074D00" box="[699,829,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">N. anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within the Northern (N.E. Atlantic) clade (node F, see below) and the wide Recent geographical range of this species is shown herein (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A6AFF8AFB932E667E4C4DDC" box="[1074,1142,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1925,1947]" captionTargetBox="[285,1302,985,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[235,1351,967,1932]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Localities of Novocrania anomala (red dots) and N. altivertex (orange square). Yellow rectangles may be N. anomala or N. turbinata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1010147/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). It seems likely that this species will have a fossil history and the new diagnoses, descriptions and figures of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6AFF8AFBF42E8C7EE34DF8" baseAuthorityName="Winchell" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1109,1241,908,932]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFBF42E8C7EE34DF8" box="[1109,1241,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">N. anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6AFF8AFAB32E8C7FA64DF8" box="[1298,1436,908,932]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFAB32E8C7FA64DF8" box="[1298,1436,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">N. turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
included herein should allow fossil material to be identified.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6AFF8AFF662ED579274AB4" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFF662ED57B7B4DB1" bold="true" box="[199,321,980,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Localities.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6AFF8AFEE82ED47BF74DB0" baseAuthorityName="Winchell" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[329,461,980,1004]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFEE82ED47BF74DB0" box="[329,461,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">N. anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known off eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6AFF8AFD652ED579014DB1" box="[708,827,980,1005]" name="Greenland" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6AFF8AFCE92ED579A04DB1" box="[840,922,980,1005]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Iceland</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6AFF8AFC722ED57E034DB1" box="[979,1081,980,1005]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Svalbard</collectingCountry>
|
||
, along the North Atlantic coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6AFF8AFF172EF67B1B4A4C" box="[182,289,1015,1040]" name="Denmark" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6AFF8AFE8C2EF67BBC4A4C" box="[301,390,1015,1040]" name="Sweden" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6AFF8AFE1F2EF978234A4C" box="[446,537,1016,1040]" name="Norway" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6AFF8AFDEE2EF978D34A4C" box="[591,745,1015,1040]" name="Faroe Islands" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A6AFF8AFDEE2EF978D34A4C" box="[591,745,1015,1040]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Faroe Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
, all around the British Isles (Wesenberg-Lund 1941, Brunton & Curry 1979, Thomsen 2001), in the North Atlantic off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6AFF8AFC89291C794E4A68" box="[808,884,1053,1076]" name="France" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Logan 1979) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6AFF8AFBF3291D7E8B4A69" box="[1106,1201,1052,1077]" name="Portugal" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Gaspard 2003), the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A6AFF8AFF36293E7B704A04" box="[151,330,1087,1112]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Madeira Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Logan
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFE0929407BDA4A04" box="[424,480,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007), the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A6AFF8AFDFE2941790C4A04" box="[607,822,1087,1112]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6AFF8AFDFE294178DA4A04" box="[607,736,1087,1112]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
|
||
Islands
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Logan 1988, 1993), the Seawarte Seamounts south of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A6AFF8AFF6129657B354A20" box="[192,271,1124,1148]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Azores</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Logan 1998), the Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6AFF8AFD9D296578AB4A21" box="[572,657,1124,1149]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A6AFF8AFD9D296578AB4A21" box="[572,657,1124,1149]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Cooper 1954) and the Caribbean (Dall 1920; Jackson
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFB5829647F134A20" box="[1273,1321,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1971), in many localities in the Mediterranean Sea (Logan 1979; Logan & Long 2001; Taddei Ruggerio 2001; Legac 2012; Rosso
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFF4729AC7B194A98" box="[230,291,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013; Sánchez-Tocino & Figueroa 2013) and maybe in the Red Sea (Logan
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFB1529AC7ED04A98" box="[1204,1258,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008 as
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFAC029AC7F464A98" box="[1377,1404,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">N.</emphasis>
|
||
cf
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6AFF8AFF3629D17AC34AB4" baseAuthorityName="Winchell" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[151,249,1232,1256]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFF3629D17AC34AB4" box="[151,249,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Zuschin & Mayrhofer 2009 as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6AFF8AFDC329D178DC4ABB" authorityName="Lee & Brunton" authorityYear="2001" box="[610,742,1232,1255]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFDC329D178DC4ABB" box="[610,742,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Novocrania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6AFF8AFF6629F57BD14B24" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
|
||
Localities are shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A6AFF8AFE7B29F578014B50" box="[474,571,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1925,1947]" captionTargetBox="[285,1302,985,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[235,1351,967,1932]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Localities of Novocrania anomala (red dots) and N. altivertex (orange square). Yellow rectangles may be N. anomala or N. turbinata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1010147/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
including localities of material examined (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68D035E0A6AFF8AFB8629F57E444B50" box="[1063,1150,1268,1293]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="47.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 4. Novocrania anomala material examined. This includes material identified as Novocrania pourtalesii which is synonymized in this study under N. anomala. Latitude / longitude with a ‘ ~ ’ indicates locality is approximate. Abbreviations: NMHUK—Natural History Museum, London; OU—Geology Museum, Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; USNM—National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, USA." pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
) and published localities (Appendix 2). Wesenburg-Lund (1941) figured many North Atlantic localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6AFF8AFBF028187EE24B6C" baseAuthorityName="Winchell" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1105,1240,1304,1328]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFBF028187EE24B6C" box="[1105,1240,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">N. anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with very large, imprecise markers and did not include lat/long data; approximate locations based on Wesenburg-Lund (1941) are included (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A6AFF8AFEA7285E7B734B24" box="[262,329,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1925,1947]" captionTargetBox="[285,1302,985,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[235,1351,967,1932]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Localities of Novocrania anomala (red dots) and N. altivertex (orange square). Yellow rectangles may be N. anomala or N. turbinata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1010147/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
, Appendix 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315656E0A6AFF8AFF6628857E5E480C" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6AFF8AFF6628857BA34BB9" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFF66288578054BC1" bold="true" box="[199,575,1412,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B488470A6AFF8AFF6628857B384BC1" box="[199,258,1412,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B488470A6AFF8AFE0928857BE64BC1" box="[424,476,1412,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B488470A6AFF8AFDD9288478924BC1" box="[632,680,1413,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6AFF8AFC9F288479FA4BC0" baseAuthorityName="Winchell" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[830,960,1412,1436]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFC9F288479FA4BC0" box="[830,960,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">N. anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is lost. Müller (1776) gave no location for his
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B488470A6AFF8AFF6028A97ACB4B9C" box="[193,241,1448,1472]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens, but the title of his monograph suggests that the specimens came from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6AFF8AFB0E28A97F334B9C" box="[1199,1289,1448,1472]" name="Norway" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
or
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6AFF8AFA9528A67FA64B9C" box="[1332,1436,1447,1472]" name="Denmark" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Lee & Brunton 1986).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6AFF8AFF6628EE7E5E480C" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFF6628EE7B894854" bold="true" box="[199,435,1519,1544]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
Material was examined from the Mediterranean Sea, the North Atlantic, the coasts of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6AFF8AFF362B147AC84871" box="[151,242,1557,1581]" name="Norway" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6AFF8AFF5F2B157B594871" box="[254,355,1556,1581]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Scotland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6AFF8AFECE2B157B844871" box="[367,446,1556,1581]" name="Ireland" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Ireland</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the Caribbean, including
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B488470A6AFF8AFCB72B14797C4871" box="[790,838,1557,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6AFF8AFC732B147E574870" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1871" box="[978,1133,1556,1580]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="pourtalesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFC732B147E574870" box="[978,1133,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">N. pourtalesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE200A6AFF8AFBDC2B157EEA4870" box="[1149,1232,1556,1580]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FFB110250A6AFF8AFB792B157F164870" box="[1240,1324,1556,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" value="23-11-10">111023</date>
|
||
) from the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institute,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A6AFF8AFC9F2B3679CB480C" box="[830,1009,1591,1616]" country="United States of America" name="District of Columbia" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Washington DC</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68D035E0A6AFF8AFC5E2B367E6D480C" box="[1023,1111,1591,1616]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="47.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 4. Novocrania anomala material examined. This includes material identified as Novocrania pourtalesii which is synonymized in this study under N. anomala. Latitude / longitude with a ‘ ~ ’ indicates locality is approximate. Abbreviations: NMHUK—Natural History Museum, London; OU—Geology Museum, Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; USNM—National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, USA." pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315656E0A6AFF88FF662B5D7BD848CC" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="511" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6AFF88FF662B5D79EA4FA3" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,182,603]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="511" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6AFF8AFF662B5D7B634829" bold="true" box="[199,345,1628,1653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
The dorsal valves vary in outline through round, sub-round, sub-quadrate, sub-hexagonal and irregular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A6AFF8AFEA72B7E7BBB48C4" box="[262,385,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,182,204]" captionText="FIGURE 6. NOvOcrania anOmala dorsal valves. A, D, F, G. OU 39355 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). A. Valve exterior showing low, parallel xenomorphic ridges and near-central apex. D. Lateral view showing conical form. F. Valve interior with flush muscle scars, tiny septum, dense punctae and fine mantle canals. G. Line drawing of muscle scars. B. OU 44525 a (Sagres, Portugal). Valve exterior. C, J, K, N. USNM 61225 (Gulf of Mexico, ‘ N. pourtalesii ’). C. White dorsal valve exterior with apex near posterior margin. J. Valve interior. K. Line drawing of muscle scars. N. Close-up showing slightly raised anterior adductor muscle scars, support structure scars and small anterior muscle scars on tiny septum. E. OU 39359 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). Three specimens (arrowed) attached to mussel valve. H, I. OU 44525 b (Sagres, Portugal). H. Valve interior with dense punctae and anterior muscle scars flush to slightly raised. I. Line drawing of muscle scars. L, M. USNM 111023 (holotype ‘ N. pourtalesii ’, off Cuba). L. Valve interior. M. Line drawing of muscle scars." pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Fig. 6A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal valves are conical, the flanks may be concave (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A6AFF8AFBBA2B7E7E4848C4" box="[1051,1138,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,182,204]" captionText="FIGURE 6. NOvOcrania anOmala dorsal valves. A, D, F, G. OU 39355 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). A. Valve exterior showing low, parallel xenomorphic ridges and near-central apex. D. Lateral view showing conical form. F. Valve interior with flush muscle scars, tiny septum, dense punctae and fine mantle canals. G. Line drawing of muscle scars. B. OU 44525 a (Sagres, Portugal). Valve exterior. C, J, K, N. USNM 61225 (Gulf of Mexico, ‘ N. pourtalesii ’). C. White dorsal valve exterior with apex near posterior margin. J. Valve interior. K. Line drawing of muscle scars. N. Close-up showing slightly raised anterior adductor muscle scars, support structure scars and small anterior muscle scars on tiny septum. E. OU 39359 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). Three specimens (arrowed) attached to mussel valve. H, I. OU 44525 b (Sagres, Portugal). H. Valve interior with dense punctae and anterior muscle scars flush to slightly raised. I. Line drawing of muscle scars. L, M. USNM 111023 (holotype ‘ N. pourtalesii ’, off Cuba). L. Valve interior. M. Line drawing of muscle scars." pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
|
||
) or convex, valves may be smooth or have concentric growth lamellae and may be xenomorphic (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A6AFF8AFC6F2BA57E1148E1" box="[974,1067,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,182,204]" captionText="FIGURE 6. NOvOcrania anOmala dorsal valves. A, D, F, G. OU 39355 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). A. Valve exterior showing low, parallel xenomorphic ridges and near-central apex. D. Lateral view showing conical form. F. Valve interior with flush muscle scars, tiny septum, dense punctae and fine mantle canals. G. Line drawing of muscle scars. B. OU 44525 a (Sagres, Portugal). Valve exterior. C, J, K, N. USNM 61225 (Gulf of Mexico, ‘ N. pourtalesii ’). C. White dorsal valve exterior with apex near posterior margin. J. Valve interior. K. Line drawing of muscle scars. N. Close-up showing slightly raised anterior adductor muscle scars, support structure scars and small anterior muscle scars on tiny septum. E. OU 39359 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). Three specimens (arrowed) attached to mussel valve. H, I. OU 44525 b (Sagres, Portugal). H. Valve interior with dense punctae and anterior muscle scars flush to slightly raised. I. Line drawing of muscle scars. L, M. USNM 111023 (holotype ‘ N. pourtalesii ’, off Cuba). L. Valve interior. M. Line drawing of muscle scars." pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
), reproducing the texture of the substrate (observed on specimens attached to mussels from Firth of Lorne,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6AFF8AFBA92BC67E5548BC" box="[1032,1135,1735,1760]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Scotland</collectingCountry>
|
||
). The largest dorsal valve examined was
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A6AFF8AFEE22BED7B904958" box="[323,426,1772,1797]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" unit="mm" value="18.5">18.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A6AFF8AFE572BED78674958" box="[502,605,1772,1797]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.16" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" unit="mm" value="21.6">21.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A6AFF8AFD782BED79084958" box="[729,818,1772,1796]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" unit="mm" value="7.1">7.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
deep from Oban,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A6AFF8AFBA92BED7E504959" box="[1032,1130,1772,1797]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Scotland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(NHMUK ZB 1796). The valve exterior varies in colour through black, dark brown, reddish brown, light tan, yellowish and white (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A6AFF8AFA9E2A0E7A964910" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,182,204]" captionText="FIGURE 6. NOvOcrania anOmala dorsal valves. A, D, F, G. OU 39355 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). A. Valve exterior showing low, parallel xenomorphic ridges and near-central apex. D. Lateral view showing conical form. F. Valve interior with flush muscle scars, tiny septum, dense punctae and fine mantle canals. G. Line drawing of muscle scars. B. OU 44525 a (Sagres, Portugal). Valve exterior. C, J, K, N. USNM 61225 (Gulf of Mexico, ‘ N. pourtalesii ’). C. White dorsal valve exterior with apex near posterior margin. J. Valve interior. K. Line drawing of muscle scars. N. Close-up showing slightly raised anterior adductor muscle scars, support structure scars and small anterior muscle scars on tiny septum. E. OU 39359 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). Three specimens (arrowed) attached to mussel valve. H, I. OU 44525 b (Sagres, Portugal). H. Valve interior with dense punctae and anterior muscle scars flush to slightly raised. I. Line drawing of muscle scars. L, M. USNM 111023 (holotype ‘ N. pourtalesii ’, off Cuba). L. Valve interior. M. Line drawing of muscle scars." pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Fig. 6C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal posterior adductor scars are sub-round to sub-oval and may be slightly concave or flush with the valve surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A6AFF8AFEE52A567BFC492C" box="[324,454,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,182,204]" captionText="FIGURE 6. NOvOcrania anOmala dorsal valves. A, D, F, G. OU 39355 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). A. Valve exterior showing low, parallel xenomorphic ridges and near-central apex. D. Lateral view showing conical form. F. Valve interior with flush muscle scars, tiny septum, dense punctae and fine mantle canals. G. Line drawing of muscle scars. B. OU 44525 a (Sagres, Portugal). Valve exterior. C, J, K, N. USNM 61225 (Gulf of Mexico, ‘ N. pourtalesii ’). C. White dorsal valve exterior with apex near posterior margin. J. Valve interior. K. Line drawing of muscle scars. N. Close-up showing slightly raised anterior adductor muscle scars, support structure scars and small anterior muscle scars on tiny septum. E. OU 39359 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). Three specimens (arrowed) attached to mussel valve. H, I. OU 44525 b (Sagres, Portugal). H. Valve interior with dense punctae and anterior muscle scars flush to slightly raised. I. Line drawing of muscle scars. L, M. USNM 111023 (holotype ‘ N. pourtalesii ’, off Cuba). L. Valve interior. M. Line drawing of muscle scars." pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Fig. 6F–M</figureCitation>
|
||
). The oblique internal muscle scars are sub-round and lie at the lateral edge of the posterior adductor muscle scars (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A6AFF8AFDAD2A7D786149C9" box="[524,603,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,182,204]" captionText="FIGURE 6. NOvOcrania anOmala dorsal valves. A, D, F, G. OU 39355 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). A. Valve exterior showing low, parallel xenomorphic ridges and near-central apex. D. Lateral view showing conical form. F. Valve interior with flush muscle scars, tiny septum, dense punctae and fine mantle canals. G. Line drawing of muscle scars. B. OU 44525 a (Sagres, Portugal). Valve exterior. C, J, K, N. USNM 61225 (Gulf of Mexico, ‘ N. pourtalesii ’). C. White dorsal valve exterior with apex near posterior margin. J. Valve interior. K. Line drawing of muscle scars. N. Close-up showing slightly raised anterior adductor muscle scars, support structure scars and small anterior muscle scars on tiny septum. E. OU 39359 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). Three specimens (arrowed) attached to mussel valve. H, I. OU 44525 b (Sagres, Portugal). H. Valve interior with dense punctae and anterior muscle scars flush to slightly raised. I. Line drawing of muscle scars. L, M. USNM 111023 (holotype ‘ N. pourtalesii ’, off Cuba). L. Valve interior. M. Line drawing of muscle scars." pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FFB110250A6AFF8AFDE02A7D786149C9" box="[577,603,1916,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">6I</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). The anterior adductor slow-muscle scars are reniform to U-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A6AFF8AFACE2A7D7AE249E5" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,182,204]" captionText="FIGURE 6. NOvOcrania anOmala dorsal valves. A, D, F, G. OU 39355 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). A. Valve exterior showing low, parallel xenomorphic ridges and near-central apex. D. Lateral view showing conical form. F. Valve interior with flush muscle scars, tiny septum, dense punctae and fine mantle canals. G. Line drawing of muscle scars. B. OU 44525 a (Sagres, Portugal). Valve exterior. C, J, K, N. USNM 61225 (Gulf of Mexico, ‘ N. pourtalesii ’). C. White dorsal valve exterior with apex near posterior margin. J. Valve interior. K. Line drawing of muscle scars. N. Close-up showing slightly raised anterior adductor muscle scars, support structure scars and small anterior muscle scars on tiny septum. E. OU 39359 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). Three specimens (arrowed) attached to mussel valve. H, I. OU 44525 b (Sagres, Portugal). H. Valve interior with dense punctae and anterior muscle scars flush to slightly raised. I. Line drawing of muscle scars. L, M. USNM 111023 (holotype ‘ N. pourtalesii ’, off Cuba). L. Valve interior. M. Line drawing of muscle scars." pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Fig. 6F–N</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the quick-muscle scars form dimples on the concave side. The support structure scars may be flush with the valve surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A6AFF8AFEC52AC57B8D4981" box="[356,439,1988,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,182,204]" captionText="FIGURE 6. NOvOcrania anOmala dorsal valves. A, D, F, G. OU 39355 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). A. Valve exterior showing low, parallel xenomorphic ridges and near-central apex. D. Lateral view showing conical form. F. Valve interior with flush muscle scars, tiny septum, dense punctae and fine mantle canals. G. Line drawing of muscle scars. B. OU 44525 a (Sagres, Portugal). Valve exterior. C, J, K, N. USNM 61225 (Gulf of Mexico, ‘ N. pourtalesii ’). C. White dorsal valve exterior with apex near posterior margin. J. Valve interior. K. Line drawing of muscle scars. N. Close-up showing slightly raised anterior adductor muscle scars, support structure scars and small anterior muscle scars on tiny septum. E. OU 39359 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). Three specimens (arrowed) attached to mussel valve. H, I. OU 44525 b (Sagres, Portugal). H. Valve interior with dense punctae and anterior muscle scars flush to slightly raised. I. Line drawing of muscle scars. L, M. USNM 111023 (holotype ‘ N. pourtalesii ’, off Cuba). L. Valve interior. M. Line drawing of muscle scars." pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
|
||
) or may tilt posterio-medianly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A6AFF8AFCBC2AC5794F4981" box="[797,885,1988,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,182,204]" captionText="FIGURE 6. NOvOcrania anOmala dorsal valves. A, D, F, G. OU 39355 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). A. Valve exterior showing low, parallel xenomorphic ridges and near-central apex. D. Lateral view showing conical form. F. Valve interior with flush muscle scars, tiny septum, dense punctae and fine mantle canals. G. Line drawing of muscle scars. B. OU 44525 a (Sagres, Portugal). Valve exterior. C, J, K, N. USNM 61225 (Gulf of Mexico, ‘ N. pourtalesii ’). C. White dorsal valve exterior with apex near posterior margin. J. Valve interior. K. Line drawing of muscle scars. N. Close-up showing slightly raised anterior adductor muscle scars, support structure scars and small anterior muscle scars on tiny septum. E. OU 39359 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). Three specimens (arrowed) attached to mussel valve. H, I. OU 44525 b (Sagres, Portugal). H. Valve interior with dense punctae and anterior muscle scars flush to slightly raised. I. Line drawing of muscle scars. L, M. USNM 111023 (holotype ‘ N. pourtalesii ’, off Cuba). L. Valve interior. M. Line drawing of muscle scars." pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Fig. 6N</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the small anterior muscle scars often lie on All scale bars
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A68FF88FE882CCB7B5E4FBC" box="[297,356,458,480]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
unless stated otherwise. OU—Geology Museum, University of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A68FF88FC522CCB7E094FBC" box="[1011,1075,458,480]" country="New Zealand" name="Otago" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Otago</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Dunedin,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A68FF88FB022CCA7F154FBC" box="[1187,1327,458,480]" name="New Zealand" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
|
||
New
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A68FF88FB7B2CCB7F154FBC" box="[1242,1327,458,480]" country="Denmark" name="Sjaelland" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Zealand</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
; USNM— National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A68FF88FCB02CE879B64FA3" box="[785,908,489,511]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A68FF88FC372CE879F64FA3" box="[918,972,489,511]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF70666D0A68FF88FF362DB779AA4F9E" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A68FF88FF362DB779AA4F9E" blockId="10.[151,1437,182,603]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FF362DB778B34E90" bold="true" box="[151,649,182,204]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
|
||
FIGURE 6.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A68FF88FEBB2DB77BCD4E90" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[282,503,182,204]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="10" pageNumber="554" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FEBB2DB77BCD4E90" bold="true" box="[282,503,182,204]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">NOvOcrania anOmala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
dorsal valves
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FD372DB778924E90" bold="true" box="[662,680,182,204]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FD142DB778FD4E90" bold="true" box="[693,711,182,204]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FD752DB778DB4E90" bold="true" box="[724,737,182,204]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">F</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FD4E2DB7793A4E90" bold="true" box="[751,768,182,204]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">G</emphasis>
|
||
. OU 39355 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FB302DB77E994E90" bold="true" box="[1169,1187,182,204]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Valve exterior showing low, parallel xenomorphic ridges and near-central apex.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FD422DD478CF4EB7" bold="true" box="[739,757,213,235]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral view showing conical form.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FB212DD47EB74EB7" bold="true" box="[1152,1165,213,235]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Valve interior with flush muscle scars, tiny septum, dense punctae and fine mantle canals.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FCE42DF5796C4F56" bold="true" box="[837,854,244,266]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Line drawing of muscle scars.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FB082DF57E804F56" bold="true" box="[1193,1210,244,266]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">B</emphasis>
|
||
. OU 44525a (Sagres, Portugal). Valve exterior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FE3B2C137B964F74" bold="true" box="[410,428,274,296]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FE192C137BFE4F74" bold="true" box="[440,452,274,296]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">J</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FE702C137BDF4F74" bold="true" box="[465,485,274,296]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">K</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FE512C1378384F74" bold="true" box="[496,514,274,296]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">N</emphasis>
|
||
. USNM 61225 (Gulf of Mexico, ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A68FF88FCFD2C1279DC4F74" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1871" box="[860,998,274,296]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="pourtalesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FCFD2C1279DC4F74" box="[860,998,274,296]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">N. pourtalesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FBA22C137E2F4F74" bold="true" box="[1027,1045,274,296]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">C</emphasis>
|
||
. White dorsal valve exterior with apex near posterior margin.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FEDD2C307BB24F1B" bold="true" box="[380,392,305,327]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">J</emphasis>
|
||
. Valve interior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FD8B2C3078044F1B" bold="true" box="[554,574,305,327]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">K</emphasis>
|
||
. Line drawing of muscle scars.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FCDE2C3079AB4F1B" bold="true" box="[895,913,305,327]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">N</emphasis>
|
||
. Close-up showing slightly raised anterior adductor muscle scars, support structure scars and small anterior muscle scars on tiny septum.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FC5F2C517E354F3A" bold="true" box="[1022,1039,336,358]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">E</emphasis>
|
||
. OU 39359 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). Three specimens (arrowed) attached to mussel valve.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FD152C6F78F24FD8" bold="true" box="[692,712,366,388]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">H</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FD742C6F78E54FD8" bold="true" box="[725,735,366,388]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">I</emphasis>
|
||
. OU 44525b (Sagres, Portugal).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FB8B2C6F7E044FD8" bold="true" box="[1066,1086,366,388]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Valve interior with dense punctae and anterior muscle scars flush to slightly raised.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FD132C8C78864FFF" bold="true" box="[690,700,397,419]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">I</emphasis>
|
||
. Line drawing of muscle scars.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FBBA2C8C7E164FFF" bold="true" box="[1051,1068,397,419]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">L</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FB9C2C8C7E6F4FFF" bold="true" box="[1085,1109,397,419]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">M</emphasis>
|
||
. USNM 111023 (holotype ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A68FF88FA252C8F7B3F4F9E" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1871" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="pourtalesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FA252C8F7B3F4F9E" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">N. pourtalesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’, off Cuba).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FE262CAD7BA24F9E" bold="true" box="[391,408,428,450]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">L</emphasis>
|
||
. Valve interior.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FD9A2CAD78694F9E" bold="true" box="[571,595,428,450]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">M</emphasis>
|
||
. Line drawing of muscle scars.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A68FF88FF362F0978E14C07" blockId="10.[151,1437,182,603]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FF362F097B504C42" bold="true" box="[151,362,520,542]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Abbreviations: aaq</emphasis>
|
||
—anterior adductor quick-muscle scar,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FCAA2F0979144C42" bold="true" box="[779,814,520,542]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">aas</emphasis>
|
||
—anterior adductor slow-muscle scar,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FB662F097ECF4C42" bold="true" box="[1223,1269,520,542]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">dmc</emphasis>
|
||
—dorsal mantle canals,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FF452F277AC24C60" bold="true" box="[228,248,550,572]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">oi</emphasis>
|
||
—oblique internal muscle scar,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FD9F2F2778634C60" bold="true" box="[574,601,550,572]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">pa</emphasis>
|
||
—posterior adductor muscle scar,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FC182F2779DF4C60" bold="true" box="[953,997,550,572]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">sam</emphasis>
|
||
—small anterior muscle scars,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FA822F277F0D4C60" bold="true" box="[1315,1335,550,572]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">ss</emphasis>
|
||
—support structure scar,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FE8B2F447B064C07" bold="true" box="[298,316,581,603]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">ts</emphasis>
|
||
—tiny septum,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FE782F447BCA4C07" bold="true" box="[473,496,581,603]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">xr</emphasis>
|
||
—xenomorphic ridges.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF70666D0A68FF88FF362FA079D64A54" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A68FF88FF362FA079D64A54" blockId="10.[151,1437,673,1216]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FF362FA07B354CEB" bold="true" box="[151,271,673,695]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">FIGURE 7</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FEBC2FA07B6E4CEB" bold="true" box="[285,340,673,695]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">A–M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FEC32FA078DA4CEB" bold="true" box="[354,736,673,695]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A68FF88FEC32FA078054CEB" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[354,575,673,695]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="10" pageNumber="554" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FEC32FA078054CEB" bold="true" box="[354,575,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">NOvOcrania anOmala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ventral valves
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FD4F2FA079254CEB" bold="true" box="[750,799,673,695]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">A–C</emphasis>
|
||
. OU 44526 (Sagres, Portugal).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FBCB2FA07E464CEB" bold="true" box="[1130,1148,673,695]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral valve with organic posterior adductor muscle attachment surfaces and organic rostellum.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FCFB2FC179514C8A" bold="true" box="[858,875,704,726]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Close-up of organic structures.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FB142FC17EFD4C8A" bold="true" box="[1205,1223,704,726]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Close-up of organic rostellum.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FEA52FDF7B2C4CA8" bold="true" box="[260,278,734,756]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FE852FDF7B064CA8" bold="true" box="[292,316,734,756]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">M</emphasis>
|
||
. OU 44525c (Sagres, Portugal).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FD2C2FDF78A54CA8" bold="true" box="[653,671,734,756]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral valve with tuberculate rim, latent posterior adductor muscle scars and ‘bat-wing’ outline of calcite surrounding where organic rostellum has decayed away.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FBEE2FFC7E5D4D4F" bold="true" box="[1103,1127,765,787]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">M</emphasis>
|
||
. Close-up of tuberculate and punctate anterior margin.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FE3A2E1D7B964D6E" bold="true" box="[411,428,796,818]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FE192E1D7BF84D6E" bold="true" box="[440,450,796,818]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">I</emphasis>
|
||
. OU 39347a (Firth of Lorne, Scotland).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FCFB2E1D79514D6E" bold="true" box="[858,875,796,818]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Close-up of latent posterior adductor muscle scars and ‘bat-wing’ outline of latent rostellum.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FD812E3B78104D0C" bold="true" box="[544,554,826,848]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">I</emphasis>
|
||
. Very-close-up of shell surface texture within ‘bat-wing’—no myotest.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FAA82E3B7F2C4D0C" bold="true" box="[1289,1302,826,848]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">F</emphasis>
|
||
. OU 39347b (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). Close-up of latent posterior adductor muscle scar—no myotest.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FBED2E587E674D33" bold="true" box="[1100,1117,857,879]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">G</emphasis>
|
||
. NHMUK ZB 134 (Scotland). Valve with partly organic valve floor, tuberculate rim and ‘bat-wing’ outline of latent rostellum.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FB252E797EA24DD2" bold="true" box="[1156,1176,888,910]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">H</emphasis>
|
||
. USNM 111024 (Florida Keys, ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A68FF88FF412E997B514DF0" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1871" box="[224,363,918,941]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Crania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="pourtalesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FF412E997B514DF0" box="[224,363,918,941]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">N. pourtalesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’). Partial valve with tuberculate rim and ‘bat-wing’outline.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FC6D2E9779E34DF0" bold="true" box="[972,985,918,940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">J</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FC442E9779C34DF0" bold="true" box="[997,1017,918,940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">K</emphasis>
|
||
. OU 39355 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FA282E977FAF4DF0" bold="true" box="[1417,1429,918,940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">J</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal valve posterior adductor muscle scarwith myotest.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FD482EB478C74D97" bold="true" box="[745,765,949,971]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">K</emphasis>
|
||
. Close-up of myotest.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FC472EB479CD4D97" bold="true" box="[998,1015,949,971]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">L</emphasis>
|
||
. OU 44522 (Tyrenian Sea, Italy). Micro- CT scan, cutaway down midline showing conical dorsal valve, calcitic ventral valve, hollow where organic rostellum is latent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FF362EF37A934A54" bold="true" box="[151,169,1010,1032]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">N</emphasis>
|
||
. NMNZ BR.001525 (New Caledonia).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A68FF88FD9A2EF379274A54" baseAuthorityName="Poli" baseAuthorityYear="1795" box="[571,797,1010,1032]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="turbinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FD9A2EF379274A54" bold="true" box="[571,797,1010,1032]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">NOvOcrania turbinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens on coral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A68FF88FF3629107E094A38" blockId="10.[151,1437,673,1216]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B673CB80A68FF88FF36291078AF4A1A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1671736956" country="New Zealand" location="Wellington" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wellington">
|
||
All scale bars
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A68FF88FE9029107B544A7B" box="[305,366,1041,1063]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
unless stated otherwise. NHMUK—Natural History Museum, London; NMNZ—Te Papa Tongarewa, National Museum of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A68FF88FE20293078284A1A" box="[385,530,1072,1094]" name="New Zealand" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A68FF88FD83293178AF4A1A" box="[546,661,1072,1094]" country="New Zealand" name="Wellington" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Wellington</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B673CB80A68FF88FD0729317FA24A1A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1671736962" box="[678,1432,1072,1094]" country="New Zealand" location="Otago" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Otago">
|
||
OU—Geology Museum, University of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A68FF88FBED29317EB64A1A" box="[1100,1164,1072,1094]" country="New Zealand" name="Otago" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Otago</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Dunedin,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A68FF88FAA629307FA24A1A" box="[1287,1432,1072,1094]" name="New Zealand" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B673CB80A68FF88FF36294F7E154A38" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1671736949" box="[151,1071,1102,1124]" country="United States of America" location="Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Washington">
|
||
USNM—National
|
||
<location id="8ED0603E0A68FF88FEF6294E784A4A38" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687F30A64FF8EFF362B627F724E88:8ED0603E0A68FF88FEF6294E784A4A38" box="[343,624,1102,1124]" country="United States of America" name="Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" stateProvince="Washington">Museum of Natural History</location>
|
||
, Smithsonian Institution,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8070A68FF88FCD5294F79D54A38" box="[884,1007,1102,1124]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A68FF88FC58294F7E154A38" box="[1017,1071,1102,1124]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A68FF88FF36296C78684A9C" blockId="10.[151,1437,673,1216]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FF36296C7B5B4ADF" bold="true" box="[151,353,1133,1155]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Abbreviations: bw</emphasis>
|
||
—calcitic ‘batwing’ outline of latent rostellum,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FCF5296C79554ADF" bold="true" box="[852,879,1133,1155]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">dv</emphasis>
|
||
—dorsal valve,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FBB5296C7E0C4ADF" bold="true" box="[1044,1078,1133,1155]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">lpa</emphasis>
|
||
—latent posterior adductor muscle scar,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FF6D298D7AD04AFE" bold="true" box="[204,234,1164,1186]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">lro</emphasis>
|
||
—latent rostellum,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FE13298D7BEE4AFE" bold="true" box="[434,468,1164,1186]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">my</emphasis>
|
||
—myotest,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FDEA298D784E4AFE" bold="true" box="[587,628,1164,1186]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">pap</emphasis>
|
||
—posterior adductor organic pad,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FC74298D79C04AFE" bold="true" box="[981,1018,1164,1186]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">rop</emphasis>
|
||
—rostellum pad,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FB0F298D7EF04AFE" bold="true" box="[1198,1226,1164,1186]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">pu</emphasis>
|
||
—punctae,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FAE1298D7F6F4AFE" bold="true" box="[1344,1365,1164,1186]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">rs</emphasis>
|
||
—rock substrate,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FF5C29AB7B294A9C" bold="true" box="[253,275,1194,1216]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">tu</emphasis>
|
||
—tubercles,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FE3429AB7B944A9C" bold="true" box="[405,430,1194,1216]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">vv</emphasis>
|
||
—ventral valve.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A68FF88FF3629E67AC14B1E" blockId="10.[151,1437,1255,1984]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
|
||
each side of, or at the apex of, a tiny median septum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A68FF88FD4929E6797B4B5C" box="[744,833,1255,1280]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,182,204]" captionText="FIGURE 6. NOvOcrania anOmala dorsal valves. A, D, F, G. OU 39355 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). A. Valve exterior showing low, parallel xenomorphic ridges and near-central apex. D. Lateral view showing conical form. F. Valve interior with flush muscle scars, tiny septum, dense punctae and fine mantle canals. G. Line drawing of muscle scars. B. OU 44525 a (Sagres, Portugal). Valve exterior. C, J, K, N. USNM 61225 (Gulf of Mexico, ‘ N. pourtalesii ’). C. White dorsal valve exterior with apex near posterior margin. J. Valve interior. K. Line drawing of muscle scars. N. Close-up showing slightly raised anterior adductor muscle scars, support structure scars and small anterior muscle scars on tiny septum. E. OU 39359 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). Three specimens (arrowed) attached to mussel valve. H, I. OU 44525 b (Sagres, Portugal). H. Valve interior with dense punctae and anterior muscle scars flush to slightly raised. I. Line drawing of muscle scars. L, M. USNM 111023 (holotype ‘ N. pourtalesii ’, off Cuba). L. Valve interior. M. Line drawing of muscle scars." pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Fig. 6N</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal mantle canals sometimes leave many thin radial impressions anterior of the anterior adductor muscle scars (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A68FF88FCCF280879F84B7E" box="[878,962,1289,1314]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,182,204]" captionText="FIGURE 6. NOvOcrania anOmala dorsal valves. A, D, F, G. OU 39355 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). A. Valve exterior showing low, parallel xenomorphic ridges and near-central apex. D. Lateral view showing conical form. F. Valve interior with flush muscle scars, tiny septum, dense punctae and fine mantle canals. G. Line drawing of muscle scars. B. OU 44525 a (Sagres, Portugal). Valve exterior. C, J, K, N. USNM 61225 (Gulf of Mexico, ‘ N. pourtalesii ’). C. White dorsal valve exterior with apex near posterior margin. J. Valve interior. K. Line drawing of muscle scars. N. Close-up showing slightly raised anterior adductor muscle scars, support structure scars and small anterior muscle scars on tiny septum. E. OU 39359 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). Three specimens (arrowed) attached to mussel valve. H, I. OU 44525 b (Sagres, Portugal). H. Valve interior with dense punctae and anterior muscle scars flush to slightly raised. I. Line drawing of muscle scars. L, M. USNM 111023 (holotype ‘ N. pourtalesii ’, off Cuba). L. Valve interior. M. Line drawing of muscle scars." pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal valve inner surface is densely punctate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A68FF88FF66284C7BD848CC" blockId="10.[151,1437,1255,1984]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
|
||
In the ventral valves the posterior adductor muscle attachment surfaces and the rostellum, where the anterior adductor and oblique internal muscles attach, are usually organic pads of muscle attachment tissue (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A68FF88FB57286C7F4B4BDA" box="[1270,1393,1389,1414]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,673,695]" captionText="FIGURE 7. A – M. NOvOcrania anOmala ventral valves. A – C. OU 44526 (Sagres, Portugal). A. Ventral valve with organic posterior adductor muscle attachment surfaces and organic rostellum. B. Close-up of organic structures. C. Close-up of organic rostellum. D, M. OU 44525 c (Sagres, Portugal). D. Ventral valve with tuberculate rim, latent posterior adductor muscle scars and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of calcite surrounding where organic rostellum has decayed away. M. Close-up of tuberculate and punctate anterior margin. E, I. OU 39347 a (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). E. Close-up of latent posterior adductor muscle scars and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of latent rostellum. I. Very-close-up of shell surface texture within ‘ bat-wing’ — no myotest. F. OU 39347 b (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). Close-up of latent posterior adductor muscle scar—no myotest. G. NHMUK ZB 134 (Scotland). Valve with partly organic valve floor, tuberculate rim and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of latent rostellum. H. USNM 111024 (Florida Keys, ‘ N. pourtalesii ’). Partial valve with tuberculate rim and ‘ bat-wing’outline. J, K. OU 39355 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). J. Dorsal valve posterior adductor muscle scarwith myotest. K. Close-up of myotest. L. OU 44522 (Tyrenian Sea, Italy). Micro- CT scan, cutaway down midline showing conical dorsal valve, calcitic ventral valve, hollow where organic rostellum is latent. N. NMNZ BR. 001525 (New Caledonia). NOvOcrania turbinata specimens on coral." pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Fig. 7A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
). In specimens where the pads have decayed away there are latent muscle scars, variably shaped for the latent posterior adductor muscle scars (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A68FF88FE3F28AE782E4B94" box="[414,532,1455,1480]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,673,695]" captionText="FIGURE 7. A – M. NOvOcrania anOmala ventral valves. A – C. OU 44526 (Sagres, Portugal). A. Ventral valve with organic posterior adductor muscle attachment surfaces and organic rostellum. B. Close-up of organic structures. C. Close-up of organic rostellum. D, M. OU 44525 c (Sagres, Portugal). D. Ventral valve with tuberculate rim, latent posterior adductor muscle scars and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of calcite surrounding where organic rostellum has decayed away. M. Close-up of tuberculate and punctate anterior margin. E, I. OU 39347 a (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). E. Close-up of latent posterior adductor muscle scars and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of latent rostellum. I. Very-close-up of shell surface texture within ‘ bat-wing’ — no myotest. F. OU 39347 b (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). Close-up of latent posterior adductor muscle scar—no myotest. G. NHMUK ZB 134 (Scotland). Valve with partly organic valve floor, tuberculate rim and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of latent rostellum. H. USNM 111024 (Florida Keys, ‘ N. pourtalesii ’). Partial valve with tuberculate rim and ‘ bat-wing’outline. J, K. OU 39355 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). J. Dorsal valve posterior adductor muscle scarwith myotest. K. Close-up of myotest. L. OU 44522 (Tyrenian Sea, Italy). Micro- CT scan, cutaway down midline showing conical dorsal valve, calcitic ventral valve, hollow where organic rostellum is latent. N. NMNZ BR. 001525 (New Caledonia). NOvOcrania turbinata specimens on coral." pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Fig. 7D–F</figureCitation>
|
||
) and a characteristic ‘bat-wing’ shape with a calcitic rim for the latent rostellum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A68FF88FF3E28D07B5B4BB6" box="[159,353,1489,1514]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,673,695]" captionText="FIGURE 7. A – M. NOvOcrania anOmala ventral valves. A – C. OU 44526 (Sagres, Portugal). A. Ventral valve with organic posterior adductor muscle attachment surfaces and organic rostellum. B. Close-up of organic structures. C. Close-up of organic rostellum. D, M. OU 44525 c (Sagres, Portugal). D. Ventral valve with tuberculate rim, latent posterior adductor muscle scars and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of calcite surrounding where organic rostellum has decayed away. M. Close-up of tuberculate and punctate anterior margin. E, I. OU 39347 a (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). E. Close-up of latent posterior adductor muscle scars and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of latent rostellum. I. Very-close-up of shell surface texture within ‘ bat-wing’ — no myotest. F. OU 39347 b (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). Close-up of latent posterior adductor muscle scar—no myotest. G. NHMUK ZB 134 (Scotland). Valve with partly organic valve floor, tuberculate rim and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of latent rostellum. H. USNM 111024 (Florida Keys, ‘ N. pourtalesii ’). Partial valve with tuberculate rim and ‘ bat-wing’outline. J, K. OU 39355 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). J. Dorsal valve posterior adductor muscle scarwith myotest. K. Close-up of myotest. L. OU 44522 (Tyrenian Sea, Italy). Micro- CT scan, cutaway down midline showing conical dorsal valve, calcitic ventral valve, hollow where organic rostellum is latent. N. NMNZ BR. 001525 (New Caledonia). NOvOcrania turbinata specimens on coral." pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Fig. 7D, E, G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). The shell surface of the latent muscle scar may be smooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A68FF88FB8028D07E4C4BB6" box="[1057,1142,1489,1514]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,673,695]" captionText="FIGURE 7. A – M. NOvOcrania anOmala ventral valves. A – C. OU 44526 (Sagres, Portugal). A. Ventral valve with organic posterior adductor muscle attachment surfaces and organic rostellum. B. Close-up of organic structures. C. Close-up of organic rostellum. D, M. OU 44525 c (Sagres, Portugal). D. Ventral valve with tuberculate rim, latent posterior adductor muscle scars and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of calcite surrounding where organic rostellum has decayed away. M. Close-up of tuberculate and punctate anterior margin. E, I. OU 39347 a (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). E. Close-up of latent posterior adductor muscle scars and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of latent rostellum. I. Very-close-up of shell surface texture within ‘ bat-wing’ — no myotest. F. OU 39347 b (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). Close-up of latent posterior adductor muscle scar—no myotest. G. NHMUK ZB 134 (Scotland). Valve with partly organic valve floor, tuberculate rim and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of latent rostellum. H. USNM 111024 (Florida Keys, ‘ N. pourtalesii ’). Partial valve with tuberculate rim and ‘ bat-wing’outline. J, K. OU 39355 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). J. Dorsal valve posterior adductor muscle scarwith myotest. K. Close-up of myotest. L. OU 44522 (Tyrenian Sea, Italy). Micro- CT scan, cutaway down midline showing conical dorsal valve, calcitic ventral valve, hollow where organic rostellum is latent. N. NMNZ BR. 001525 (New Caledonia). NOvOcrania turbinata specimens on coral." pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
|
||
) or irregular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A68FF88FAB828D07F5D4BB6" box="[1305,1383,1489,1514]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,673,695]" captionText="FIGURE 7. A – M. NOvOcrania anOmala ventral valves. A – C. OU 44526 (Sagres, Portugal). A. Ventral valve with organic posterior adductor muscle attachment surfaces and organic rostellum. B. Close-up of organic structures. C. Close-up of organic rostellum. D, M. OU 44525 c (Sagres, Portugal). D. Ventral valve with tuberculate rim, latent posterior adductor muscle scars and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of calcite surrounding where organic rostellum has decayed away. M. Close-up of tuberculate and punctate anterior margin. E, I. OU 39347 a (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). E. Close-up of latent posterior adductor muscle scars and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of latent rostellum. I. Very-close-up of shell surface texture within ‘ bat-wing’ — no myotest. F. OU 39347 b (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). Close-up of latent posterior adductor muscle scar—no myotest. G. NHMUK ZB 134 (Scotland). Valve with partly organic valve floor, tuberculate rim and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of latent rostellum. H. USNM 111024 (Florida Keys, ‘ N. pourtalesii ’). Partial valve with tuberculate rim and ‘ bat-wing’outline. J, K. OU 39355 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). J. Dorsal valve posterior adductor muscle scarwith myotest. K. Close-up of myotest. L. OU 44522 (Tyrenian Sea, Italy). Micro- CT scan, cutaway down midline showing conical dorsal valve, calcitic ventral valve, hollow where organic rostellum is latent. N. NMNZ BR. 001525 (New Caledonia). NOvOcrania turbinata specimens on coral." pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FFB110250A68FF88FAEE28D37F5D4BB6" box="[1359,1383,1490,1514]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">7I</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) but there is no myotest, the characteristic surface texture of calcitic muscle scars (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A68FF88FBA828F37E444857" box="[1033,1150,1522,1547]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,673,695]" captionText="FIGURE 7. A – M. NOvOcrania anOmala ventral valves. A – C. OU 44526 (Sagres, Portugal). A. Ventral valve with organic posterior adductor muscle attachment surfaces and organic rostellum. B. Close-up of organic structures. C. Close-up of organic rostellum. D, M. OU 44525 c (Sagres, Portugal). D. Ventral valve with tuberculate rim, latent posterior adductor muscle scars and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of calcite surrounding where organic rostellum has decayed away. M. Close-up of tuberculate and punctate anterior margin. E, I. OU 39347 a (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). E. Close-up of latent posterior adductor muscle scars and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of latent rostellum. I. Very-close-up of shell surface texture within ‘ bat-wing’ — no myotest. F. OU 39347 b (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). Close-up of latent posterior adductor muscle scar—no myotest. G. NHMUK ZB 134 (Scotland). Valve with partly organic valve floor, tuberculate rim and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of latent rostellum. H. USNM 111024 (Florida Keys, ‘ N. pourtalesii ’). Partial valve with tuberculate rim and ‘ bat-wing’outline. J, K. OU 39355 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). J. Dorsal valve posterior adductor muscle scarwith myotest. K. Close-up of myotest. L. OU 44522 (Tyrenian Sea, Italy). Micro- CT scan, cutaway down midline showing conical dorsal valve, calcitic ventral valve, hollow where organic rostellum is latent. N. NMNZ BR. 001525 (New Caledonia). NOvOcrania turbinata specimens on coral." pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Fig. 7J, K</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ventral valves vary in thickness and calcification, ranging from only a thin organic membrane to an outer calcitic ring with varying amounts of organic membrane/calcitic valve in the middle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A68FF88FCE42B3479FA4812" box="[837,960,1589,1614]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,673,695]" captionText="FIGURE 7. A – M. NOvOcrania anOmala ventral valves. A – C. OU 44526 (Sagres, Portugal). A. Ventral valve with organic posterior adductor muscle attachment surfaces and organic rostellum. B. Close-up of organic structures. C. Close-up of organic rostellum. D, M. OU 44525 c (Sagres, Portugal). D. Ventral valve with tuberculate rim, latent posterior adductor muscle scars and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of calcite surrounding where organic rostellum has decayed away. M. Close-up of tuberculate and punctate anterior margin. E, I. OU 39347 a (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). E. Close-up of latent posterior adductor muscle scars and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of latent rostellum. I. Very-close-up of shell surface texture within ‘ bat-wing’ — no myotest. F. OU 39347 b (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). Close-up of latent posterior adductor muscle scar—no myotest. G. NHMUK ZB 134 (Scotland). Valve with partly organic valve floor, tuberculate rim and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of latent rostellum. H. USNM 111024 (Florida Keys, ‘ N. pourtalesii ’). Partial valve with tuberculate rim and ‘ bat-wing’outline. J, K. OU 39355 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). J. Dorsal valve posterior adductor muscle scarwith myotest. K. Close-up of myotest. L. OU 44522 (Tyrenian Sea, Italy). Micro- CT scan, cutaway down midline showing conical dorsal valve, calcitic ventral valve, hollow where organic rostellum is latent. N. NMNZ BR. 001525 (New Caledonia). NOvOcrania turbinata specimens on coral." pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Fig. 7G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
) to a fully calcitic valve that may be flat (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A68FF88FF3E2B577B274833" box="[159,285,1622,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,673,695]" captionText="FIGURE 7. A – M. NOvOcrania anOmala ventral valves. A – C. OU 44526 (Sagres, Portugal). A. Ventral valve with organic posterior adductor muscle attachment surfaces and organic rostellum. B. Close-up of organic structures. C. Close-up of organic rostellum. D, M. OU 44525 c (Sagres, Portugal). D. Ventral valve with tuberculate rim, latent posterior adductor muscle scars and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of calcite surrounding where organic rostellum has decayed away. M. Close-up of tuberculate and punctate anterior margin. E, I. OU 39347 a (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). E. Close-up of latent posterior adductor muscle scars and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of latent rostellum. I. Very-close-up of shell surface texture within ‘ bat-wing’ — no myotest. F. OU 39347 b (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). Close-up of latent posterior adductor muscle scar—no myotest. G. NHMUK ZB 134 (Scotland). Valve with partly organic valve floor, tuberculate rim and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of latent rostellum. H. USNM 111024 (Florida Keys, ‘ N. pourtalesii ’). Partial valve with tuberculate rim and ‘ bat-wing’outline. J, K. OU 39355 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). J. Dorsal valve posterior adductor muscle scarwith myotest. K. Close-up of myotest. L. OU 44522 (Tyrenian Sea, Italy). Micro- CT scan, cutaway down midline showing conical dorsal valve, calcitic ventral valve, hollow where organic rostellum is latent. N. NMNZ BR. 001525 (New Caledonia). NOvOcrania turbinata specimens on coral." pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Fig. 7D, L</figureCitation>
|
||
) or form a shallow bowl (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A68FF88FDF72B5778894833" box="[598,691,1622,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,673,695]" captionText="FIGURE 7. A – M. NOvOcrania anOmala ventral valves. A – C. OU 44526 (Sagres, Portugal). A. Ventral valve with organic posterior adductor muscle attachment surfaces and organic rostellum. B. Close-up of organic structures. C. Close-up of organic rostellum. D, M. OU 44525 c (Sagres, Portugal). D. Ventral valve with tuberculate rim, latent posterior adductor muscle scars and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of calcite surrounding where organic rostellum has decayed away. M. Close-up of tuberculate and punctate anterior margin. E, I. OU 39347 a (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). E. Close-up of latent posterior adductor muscle scars and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of latent rostellum. I. Very-close-up of shell surface texture within ‘ bat-wing’ — no myotest. F. OU 39347 b (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). Close-up of latent posterior adductor muscle scar—no myotest. G. NHMUK ZB 134 (Scotland). Valve with partly organic valve floor, tuberculate rim and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of latent rostellum. H. USNM 111024 (Florida Keys, ‘ N. pourtalesii ’). Partial valve with tuberculate rim and ‘ bat-wing’outline. J, K. OU 39355 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). J. Dorsal valve posterior adductor muscle scarwith myotest. K. Close-up of myotest. L. OU 44522 (Tyrenian Sea, Italy). Micro- CT scan, cutaway down midline showing conical dorsal valve, calcitic ventral valve, hollow where organic rostellum is latent. N. NMNZ BR. 001525 (New Caledonia). NOvOcrania turbinata specimens on coral." pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The valve margins are tuberculate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A68FF88FBC92B577ED74833" box="[1128,1261,1622,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,673,695]" captionText="FIGURE 7. A – M. NOvOcrania anOmala ventral valves. A – C. OU 44526 (Sagres, Portugal). A. Ventral valve with organic posterior adductor muscle attachment surfaces and organic rostellum. B. Close-up of organic structures. C. Close-up of organic rostellum. D, M. OU 44525 c (Sagres, Portugal). D. Ventral valve with tuberculate rim, latent posterior adductor muscle scars and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of calcite surrounding where organic rostellum has decayed away. M. Close-up of tuberculate and punctate anterior margin. E, I. OU 39347 a (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). E. Close-up of latent posterior adductor muscle scars and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of latent rostellum. I. Very-close-up of shell surface texture within ‘ bat-wing’ — no myotest. F. OU 39347 b (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). Close-up of latent posterior adductor muscle scar—no myotest. G. NHMUK ZB 134 (Scotland). Valve with partly organic valve floor, tuberculate rim and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of latent rostellum. H. USNM 111024 (Florida Keys, ‘ N. pourtalesii ’). Partial valve with tuberculate rim and ‘ bat-wing’outline. J, K. OU 39355 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). J. Dorsal valve posterior adductor muscle scarwith myotest. K. Close-up of myotest. L. OU 44522 (Tyrenian Sea, Italy). Micro- CT scan, cutaway down midline showing conical dorsal valve, calcitic ventral valve, hollow where organic rostellum is latent. N. NMNZ BR. 001525 (New Caledonia). NOvOcrania turbinata specimens on coral." pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Fig. 7D, M</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the valve surface is punctate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A600A68FF88FED72B767BEF48CC" box="[374,469,1655,1680]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,673,695]" captionText="FIGURE 7. A – M. NOvOcrania anOmala ventral valves. A – C. OU 44526 (Sagres, Portugal). A. Ventral valve with organic posterior adductor muscle attachment surfaces and organic rostellum. B. Close-up of organic structures. C. Close-up of organic rostellum. D, M. OU 44525 c (Sagres, Portugal). D. Ventral valve with tuberculate rim, latent posterior adductor muscle scars and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of calcite surrounding where organic rostellum has decayed away. M. Close-up of tuberculate and punctate anterior margin. E, I. OU 39347 a (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). E. Close-up of latent posterior adductor muscle scars and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of latent rostellum. I. Very-close-up of shell surface texture within ‘ bat-wing’ — no myotest. F. OU 39347 b (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). Close-up of latent posterior adductor muscle scar—no myotest. G. NHMUK ZB 134 (Scotland). Valve with partly organic valve floor, tuberculate rim and ‘ bat-wing’ outline of latent rostellum. H. USNM 111024 (Florida Keys, ‘ N. pourtalesii ’). Partial valve with tuberculate rim and ‘ bat-wing’outline. J, K. OU 39355 (Firth of Lorne, Scotland). J. Dorsal valve posterior adductor muscle scarwith myotest. K. Close-up of myotest. L. OU 44522 (Tyrenian Sea, Italy). Micro- CT scan, cutaway down midline showing conical dorsal valve, calcitic ventral valve, hollow where organic rostellum is latent. N. NMNZ BR. 001525 (New Caledonia). NOvOcrania turbinata specimens on coral." pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Fig. 7M</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315656E0A68FF88FF662B987F6B49E3" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A68FF88FF662B987F6B49E3" blockId="10.[151,1437,1255,1984]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FF662B987B1148EE" bold="true" box="[199,299,1689,1714]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A68FF88FE942B9B7B8148ED" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[309,443,1689,1713]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FE942B9B7B8148ED" box="[309,443,1689,1713]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">N. anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
attaches to hard substrates and is often found in cryptic habitats; in caves in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A68FF88FAE32B987FA648EE" box="[1346,1436,1689,1714]" name="Jamaica" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Jackson
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FEA32BBA7B0E488F" box="[258,308,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1971) and the Mediterranean Sea (Taddei Ruggerio 2001; Legac 2012; Rosso
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FB6B2BBA7F3E488F" box="[1226,1284,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013), on or under boulders (Sánchez-Tocino & Figueroa 2013) and on rock walls (Jonsson 2014).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A68FF88FBF82BDC7EE148A8" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[1113,1243,1756,1780]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FBF82BDC7EE148A8" box="[1113,1243,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">N. anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a wide depth range; from very shallow water,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A68FF88FDAF2BFF786F4949" box="[526,597,1790,1814]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
|
||
below low tide level in a sea cave at Isca Island,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A68FF88FB382BFC7EF6494A" box="[1177,1228,1789,1814]" name="Italy" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Taddei Ruggerio 2001) to deep water,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B000A68FF88FE302A1F7BD0496A" box="[401,490,1822,1847]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6649999999999998" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" unit="m" value="1665.0">1665 m</quantity>
|
||
in the North Atlantic (Logan 1993).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A68FF88FC012A1E7E1C496A" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[928,1062,1822,1846]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FC012A1E7E1C496A" box="[928,1062,1822,1846]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">N. anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been found associated with hydrocarbon seeps in the North Atlantic on “hard crusts, chimneys and slabs” (Rueda
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FBCD2A407EA44904" box="[1132,1182,1856,1880]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012, p. 838). Logan (1979) recorded densities of up to 250/m2 on the sides and lower surfaces of boulders on the coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A68FF88FAAF2A657F694921" box="[1294,1363,1892,1917]" name="Malta" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Malta</collectingCountry>
|
||
. A ten year period of observation of live
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A68FF88FDB72A8778A349C1" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[534,665,1925,1949]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A68FF88FDB72A8778A349C1" box="[534,665,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">N. anomala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a shallow submarine cave in south
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31876750A68FF88FBE82A847E4649C2" box="[1097,1148,1925,1950]" name="Italy" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
suggests that this species may live for 40 years and that for the last part of its life it does not grow any larger (Taddei Ruggiero 2001).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315656E0A6EFF8EFF662D967F724E88" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036E50A6EFF8EFF662D967F724E88" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFF662D967B014EEC" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Three ventral valves attached to a small rock (NHMUK ZB 3956) had posterior adductor muscle scars with calcitic myotest rather than latent muscle scars, but this appears to be uncommon in
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAF70A6EFF8EFB1F2DBC7F724E88" box="[1214,1352,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D660A6EFF8EFB1F2DBC7F7E4E88" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[1214,1348,188,212]" class="Craniata" family="Craniidae" genus="Novocrania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="anomala">N. anomala</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |