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<document id="A139D25EE5218D3A5C20CF28DAF7F1F8" ID-CLB-Dataset="29741" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4443.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fb772898-fe24-438e-9a4a-1a98c5b393a8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1305628" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8CF7D069-783C-4D20-8A10-6987529AB4BE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1530775745819" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chris J. Hodgson &amp; Douglas J. Williams" docDate="2018" docId="03A687D07B34034AEEA8FE76FBCCF9CF" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4443.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4443 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Paralecanium Cockerell" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="77" masterDocId="FF9FFFA87B780306EE3FFFACFFC6FFFD" masterDocTitle="Revision of the soft scale genus Paralecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) with the introduction of three new genera and twenty new species" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="77" updateTime="1698552844880" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="4CFCA85637D81AA0DB1CAAE4ABB2B6AA">Revision of the soft scale genus Paralecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) with the introduction of three new genera and twenty new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A06E5312C99700602407AED0537D5E7C">Chris J. Hodgson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FC00366A126685793C707BBFBF5C65D0">Douglas J. Williams</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="214CC1CC3B2831B154CD2E1EE6778D1D">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="53AD8754A47D9CD6AEAB436A74B3EE9C">4443</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03A687D07B34034AEEA8FE76FBCCF9CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5981488" ID-GBIF-Taxon="146071255" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5981488" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687D07B34034AEEA8FE76FBCCF9CF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687D07B34034AEEA8FE76FBCCF9CF" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<subSubSection id="C315654D7B34034AEEA8FE76FE3BFE09" box="[151,509,474,500]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB036C67B34034AEEA8FE76FE3BFE09" blockId="76.[151,509,474,500]" box="[151,509,474,500]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<heading id="D0F881AA7B34034AEEA8FE76FE3BFE09" bold="true" box="[151,509,474,500]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D457B34034AEEA8FE76FE3BFE09" ID-CoL="6F6N" ID-ENA="759724" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" box="[151,509,474,500]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47B34034AEEA8FE76FE3BFE09" bold="true" box="[151,509,474,500]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47B34034AEEA8FE76FEB8FE09" bold="true" box="[151,382,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">PARALECANIUM</emphasis>
Cockerell
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C315654D7B34034AEEA8FD8CFEF2FD8E" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB036C67B34034AEEA8FD8CFCB3FDCB" blockId="76.[151,1436,544,627]" box="[151,885,544,566]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1F11E87B34034AEEA8FD8CFCB3FDCB" box="[151,885,544,566]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D457B34034AEEA8FD8CFCB7FDCB" authority="Cockerell in Cockerell &amp; Parrott, 1899: 227" authorityName="Cockerell in Cockerell &amp; Parrott" authorityPageNumber="227" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,881,544,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" genus="Lecanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Paralecanium">
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47B34034AEEA8FD8CFEC7FDCB" bold="true" box="[151,257,544,566]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Lecanium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47B34034AEF30FD8CFE65FDCB" bold="true" box="[271,419,544,566]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Paralecanium</emphasis>
) Cockerell
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47B34034AEC25FD8DFDE8FDCB" box="[538,558,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">in</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AAE10D77B34034AEC0BFD8CFCB7FDCB" author="" box="[564,881,544,566]" page="227" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B377B34034AEC0BFD8CFCF9FDCB" box="[564,831,544,566]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" refId="ref102518" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. &amp; Parrott, P. J. (1899) Contribution to the knowledge of the Coccidae. The Industrialist, 25, 227 - 237." type="journal article">Cockerell &amp; Parrott, 1899</bibRefCitation>
: 227
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036C67B34034AEEA8FD92FEF2FD8E" blockId="76.[151,1436,544,627]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1F11E87B34034AEEA8FD92FEF2FD8E" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D457B34034AEEA8FD92FDF6FDA8" ID-CoL="63NKG" authority="Tao &amp; Wong, 1983" authorityName="Tao &amp; Wong" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,560,574,597]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Podoparalecanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47B34034AEEA8FD92FE98FDA9" bold="true" box="[151,350,574,596]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Podoparalecanium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B377B34034AEF59FDECFDF6FDA8" box="[358,560,575,597]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" refId="ref104757" refString="Tao, C. C. C., Wong, C. Y &amp; Chang, Y. C. (1983) Monograph of Coccidae of Taiwan, Republic of China (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Journal of Taiwan Museum, 36, 57 - 107." type="journal article">Tao &amp; Wong, 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47B34034AEC02FDECFD97FDA8" box="[573,593,576,597]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">in</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AAE10D77B34034AEC66FDECFCF7FDA8" author="" box="[601,817,575,597]" page="100" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B377B34034AEC66FDECFD3DFDA8" box="[601,763,575,597]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" refId="ref104757" refString="Tao, C. C. C., Wong, C. Y &amp; Chang, Y. C. (1983) Monograph of Coccidae of Taiwan, Republic of China (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Journal of Taiwan Museum, 36, 57 - 107." type="journal article">
Tao
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47B34034AECB7FDECFD71FDA8" box="[648,695,575,597]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">et al</emphasis>
. 1983
</bibRefCitation>
: 100
</treatmentCitation>
. Type species
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D457B34034AEDF5FDECFAFFFDA8" ID-CoL="4CY9C" authority="Takahashi. Synonymised" authorityName="Takahashi. Synonymised" authorityYear="1933" box="[970,1337,575,597]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machili">
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47B34034AEDF5FDECFBF7FDA8" box="[970,1073,575,597]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">P. machili</emphasis>
Takahashi. Synonymised
</taxonomicName>
by
<treatmentCitation id="0AAE10D77B34034AEB5CFDECFEF6FD8E" author="" page="126" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B377B34034AEB5CFDECFF3BFD8E" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" refId="ref104731" refString="Tang, F. T. (1991) [The Coccidae of China]. Shanxi United Universities Press, Taiyuan, 377 pp." type="book">Tang, 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 126
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C315654D7B34034AEEA8FD37FC8EFD4C" box="[151,840,667,689]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB036C67B34034AEEA8FD37FC8EFD4C" blockId="76.[151,840,667,689]" box="[151,840,667,689]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47B34034AEEA8FD37FD8CFD4C" bold="true" box="[151,586,667,689]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
Type species:
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D457B34034AEF14FD37FD8CFD4C" authority="Maskell" authorityName="Maskell" box="[299,586,667,689]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" genus="Lecanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frenchii">
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47B34034AEF14FD37FE28FD4C" bold="true" box="[299,494,667,689]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Lecanium frenchii</emphasis>
Maskell
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, by original designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C315654D7B34034AEEA8FD71FBCCF9CF" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB036C67B34034AEEA8FD71FD96FA14" blockId="76.[151,1437,733,1586]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47B34034AEEA8FD71FEB4FD0B" bold="true" box="[151,370,733,758]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Generic diagnosis.</emphasis>
Adult females showing most character-states typical of this group of genera but with following combination of characters. Test glassy, probably composed of a series of polygonal plates, probably in 7 or 8 longitudinal lines. Body mostly broadest across abdomen with a more pointed anterior end; often asymmetrical. Dorsum becoming sclerotised at maturity; areolations all round to oval, extending medially where they become smaller and less distinct. Marginal radial lines occasionally distinct but usually only indicated by arrangement of dorsal setae and pores,
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47B34034AEFA5FC3DFBD9FC57" box="[410,1055,913,938]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">with almost invariably 11 around anterior margin of head</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47B34034AEA13FC3EFDFBFC33" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">3 on each side between stigmatic clefts and 11 on each side of abdomen</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47B34034AEC73FC1AFCFDFC33" box="[588,827,949,974]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Stigmatic rays absent</emphasis>
. Clear areas present or absent. Dorsal setae variable in shape, occasionally of two distinct sizes; those submarginally and submedially not situated in an obvious membranous area of derm.
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47B34034AEFF2FC51FD31FBEB" box="[461,759,1021,1046]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Preopercular pores absent</emphasis>
. With 2 or 3 other pore
<typeStatus id="54B488647B34034AEA35FC53FB8FFBEA" box="[1034,1097,1023,1047]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">types</typeStatus>
: when 3, largest
<typeStatus id="54B488647B34034AEB37FC53FAFEFBEA" box="[1288,1336,1023,1047]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">type</typeStatus>
a closed pore with a sclerotised margin and often with visible micropores, present in a broad submedial band; also with a small simple pore; and a smaller pore, perhaps a microduct. Pores and setae forming a sparse polygonal pattern similar to that of test. Anal plates variable in shape, usually longer than combined width; anogenital fold with 1 or 2 pairs of setae on anterior margin, each lateral margin with 1 seta anteriorly and another posteriorly. Marginal ornamentation variable but generally consisting of sclerotisations along margin, usually appearing as corrugations but some species with sclerotised dashes or arrow-heads lying radially. Marginal setae fan-shaped, round to broadly oval (spatulate in
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D457B34034AEF5BFB57FD9CFAEF" authority="Hodgson" authorityName="Hodgson" box="[356,602,1273,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comperei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47B34034AEF5BFB57FE2FFAEF" box="[356,489,1275,1298]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">P. comperei</emphasis>
Hodgson
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47B34034AEC58FB55FD04FAEF" bold="true" box="[615,706,1273,1298]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24857AF7B34034AEC58FB55FD04FAEF" box="[615,706,1273,1298]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" rank="species">spec. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
). Stigmatic clefts deep and sclerotised, each with 13 stigmatic spines in a transverse line along base of cleft. Multilocular disc-pores in transverse bands medially on abdominal segments V, VI and VII or just VI and VII.
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47B34034AEC99FAEDFE64FA83" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Both spiracular disc-pore bands complete, each without any gap without pores medially</emphasis>
. Ventral microducts few. Ventral setae few. Antennae 6 segmented and usually well developed, with a full complement of setae, but occasionally reduced and then with some setose setae missing. Spiracles usually rather small but sometimes significantly larger.
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47B34034AED40FA03FD8FFA17" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Legs always present, each with 5 segments, but occasionally somewhat reduced in size</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036C67B34034AEEF8FA59FBCCF9CF" blockId="76.[151,1437,733,1586]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<materialsCitation id="3B673C9B7B34034AEEF8FA59FBCCF9CF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1872522442" country="India" location="southern Asia" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" specimenCount="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D457B34034AEEF8FA59FEA0F9F3" box="[199,358,1525,1550]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47B34034AEEF8FA59FEA0F9F3" box="[199,358,1525,1550]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Paralecanium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
currently includes 30 species (of which two are synonyms), all from
<collectingCountry id="F31876567B34034AEA96FA59FB24F9F3" box="[1193,1250,1525,1550]" name="India" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">India</collectingCountry>
and the rest of
<location id="8ED0601D7B34034AEEA8F9B5FEF4F9CF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687D07B34034AEEA8FE76FBCCF9CF:8ED0601D7B34034AEEA8F9B5FEF4F9CF" box="[151,306,1561,1586]" country="India" name="southern Asia" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">southern Asia</location>
plus Australasia. They can be separated using the following key.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>