515 lines
62 KiB
XML
515 lines
62 KiB
XML
<document id="C958BE9316E9868F52AE98FC9ECEB51C" ID-DOI="10.5194/fr-21-291-2018" ID-ISSN="2193-0074" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11359617" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1716845932071" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Nishioka, Yuichiro & Correspondence, Chavalit Vidthayanon" docDate="2018" docId="03A687C4F910FFE0FF6EB5E2FD60C73F" docLanguage="en" docName="FossRec.21.2.291-299.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Record 21 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-21-291-2018" docStyle="DocumentStyle:1B3764FFAC190C6D25C29F616DE4358D.2:FossRec.2014-2021.journal_article" docStyleId="1B3764FFAC190C6D25C29F616DE4358D" docStyleName="FossRec.2014-2021.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Duboisia santeng" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="295" masterDocId="FF9FFFBCF913FFE5FFDFB376FF91C068" masterDocTitle="First occurrence of Duboisia (Bovidae, Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from Thailand" masterLastPageNumber="299" masterPageNumber="291" pageNumber="294" updateTime="1726104862846" updateUser="karina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C4275295C0EBE2EA018ECD6B70A87F9B">
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<mods:title id="CF7777156EED48F0EEE90906145F691D">First occurrence of Duboisia (Bovidae, Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from Thailand</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="E75EBFC7943E432B43B99F0E9AB40579" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="12622933AE79E1FC9F303003B935D652">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C22434E1C9977A9545C9A7B8DD919053">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2546BC7F86F12A90EBAB1F8A48FA9F65">Nishioka, Yuichiro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AD3976982696D2D7A757D8E386E0547E">Chavalit Vidthayanon & Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, Shinjuku, 169 - 8050, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="EE4C9095252AB52BF721F555826812E2" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8AD08A43F32392145406ECCE11F52478">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C1A76B70254F1001B005C0689AF22795">Correspondence, Chavalit Vidthayanon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="99F581A069EA7A10BFFD02FB79FDAABD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="AD30AA3D55F4534BFF79A1B891A9E671">
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<mods:title id="4B8B78055599BD7E4CEEB6ECE1342622">Fossil Record</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="1FABA263370B057B2A88CF41D3A39830">
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<mods:date id="458A70DFED500170848F94BE36F3E78D">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="D593166DA4B2D22CFBBE9F1CF581299C" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="164B5119AAA547D7F272307587ED656F">2018-10-24</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="A445252CE016A64BF242E1488102AEF3" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="CC21A3D07F7EFA7E7DB0F16CE24B5633">21</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="6460F26CFC7D19DE58094CD06807C623" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="8F34752D06DBF38FCBA7941E43B0F196">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="004512643FE511F3E83F1C0984354145">291</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="8552C9EBD83940C7B94F85CA73FA82B9">299</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="1BDF00427E0DF872D4DA516F42B2136C">
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<mods:url id="68E0241973D4E40E047305F1A3D52C44">http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-21-291-2018</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="82E5F54FD72C0C87EEE567E5AB44F43D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9CA4942B277F99903787193C585D0C3F" type="DOI">10.5194/fr-21-291-2018</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="498CE48B98A409DC5F10AAB9311AD368" type="ISSN">2193-0074</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="18DA86DC49B61BDA4667827A1694A7C2" type="Zenodo-Dep">11359617</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03A687C4F910FFE0FF6EB5E2FD60C73F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687C4F910FFE0FF6EB5E2FD60C73F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687C4F910FFE0FF6EB5E2FD60C73F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="295" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
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<subSubSection id="C3156559F910FFE6FF6EB5E2FDAFC6C3" box="[177,574,1684,1708]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB036D2F910FFE6FF6EB5E2FDAFC6C3" blockId="3.[177,574,1684,1747]" box="[177,574,1684,1708]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
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<heading id="D0F881BEF910FFE6FF6EB5E2FDAFC6C3" box="[177,574,1684,1708]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" reason="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F910FFE6FF6EB5E2FDAFC6C3" authority="(Dubois, 1891)" baseAuthorityName="Dubois" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[177,574,1684,1708]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Duboisia" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santeng">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F910FFE6FF6EB5E2FE83C6C4" box="[177,274,1684,1708]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Duboisia</emphasis>
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aff.
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<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F910FFE6FE9CB5E2FE07C6C4" box="[323,406,1684,1708]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">santeng</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B23F910FFE6FE7BB5E2FDA4C6C3" author="Dubois, E." box="[420,565,1684,1707]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" pagination="93 - 100" refId="ref5919" refString="Dubois, E.: Voorloopig bericht omtrent het onderzoek naar de Pleistocene en Tertiaire vertebraten-fauna van Sumatra en Java, gedurende het jaar 1890, Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind., 51, 93 - 100, 1891." type="journal article" year="1891">Dubois, 1891</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3156559F910FFE6FF6EB5CAFE90C6BB" box="[177,257,1724,1747]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB036D2F910FFE6FF6EB5CAFE90C6BB" blockId="3.[177,574,1684,1747]" box="[177,257,1724,1747]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13342A57F910FFE6FF66B5CAFF69C6BB" box="[185,248,1724,1747]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[124,191,1296,1318]" captionTargetBox="[329,1257,190,1248]" captionTargetId="figure-12@3.[321,1266,177,1264]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Calvarium with right and left horn cores of Duboisia aff. santeng (PPN 01-000109). (a) Anterior view; (b) cross section of the left horn core (an., anterior; me., medial.); (c) left lateral view; (d) posterior view; (e) schematic drawing of the posterior surface; (f) dorsal view; (g) schematic drawing of the dorsal surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359623/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3156559F910FFE6FFA3B59FFEE4C7E9" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB036D2F910FFE6FFA3B59FFE12C749" blockId="3.[124,766,1769,1825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F910FFE6FFA3B59FFEF6C769" bold="true" box="[124,359,1769,1793]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Examined material:</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED1EAE17F910FFE6FEAAB59CFE37C769" box="[373,422,1770,1793]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">PPN</collectionCode>
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01-000109, a calvarium with right and left horn cores.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB036D2F910FFE6FFA3B43FFEE4C7E9" blockId="3.[124,767,1865,1921]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F910FFE6FFA3B43FFF73C709" bold="true" box="[124,226,1865,1889]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Locality:</emphasis>
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A sandpit at Tha Chang,
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<collectingRegion id="49CBF830F910FFE6FE30B43CFD57C709" box="[495,710,1866,1889]" country="Thailand" name="Nakhon Ratchasima" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Nakhon Ratchasima</collectingRegion>
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City, north-eastern
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<collectingCountry id="F3187642F910FFE6FED0B41CFEE0C7E9" box="[271,369,1898,1921]" name="Thailand" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3156559F910FFE1FCECB6D4FDE8C38C" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="295" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB036D2F910FFE6FCECB6D4FB96C5B2" blockId="3.[819,1461,1442,1498]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F910FFE6FCECB6D4FCF9C5D2" bold="true" box="[819,872,1442,1466]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Age:</emphasis>
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Younger than the Middle Miocene and older than the Middle Pleistocene.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB036D2F910FFE6FCECB574FB53C6D1" blockId="3.[819,1462,1538,1721]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F910FFE6FCECB574FC72C672" bold="true" box="[819,995,1538,1562]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Measurements:</emphasis>
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Antero-posterior diameter of the left horn core: 18.5 mm; medio-lateral diameter of the left horn core: 33.6 mm; length of brain case (between bregma and superior nuchal line): 65.1 mm; maximum width of brain case: 68.7 mm; height of the occipital without the foramen magnum: 38.1 mm (see also
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<tableCitation id="C68D0369F910FFE6FBBBB5D4FB23C6D1" box="[1124,1202,1698,1721]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[819,875,177,199]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of brain-case dimensions (in mm) among boselaphins. Measuring points (L, length; W, width; H, height) are shown in Fig. 3." pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Table 1</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB036D2F910FFE1FCECB597FD67C20E" blockId="3.[819,1462,1761,1913]" lastBlockId="4.[124,767,176,996]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="295" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F910FFE6FCECB597FC51C691" bold="true" box="[819,960,1761,1785]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Description:</emphasis>
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The present specimen is a calvarium with complete right and left horn cores, including the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital bones. The basioccipital part is broken. The dorsal surface on the fronto-parietal region is flat and faintly depressed. The frontal surface is rugose, with weak precornual ridges extending from the anterior ridge of the horn cores (
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||
<figureCitation id="13342A57F917FFE1FDD7B3A6FDF1C08F" box="[520,608,208,231]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[124,191,1296,1318]" captionTargetBox="[329,1257,190,1248]" captionTargetId="figure-12@3.[321,1266,177,1264]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Calvarium with right and left horn cores of Duboisia aff. santeng (PPN 01-000109). (a) Anterior view; (b) cross section of the left horn core (an., anterior; me., medial.); (c) left lateral view; (d) posterior view; (e) schematic drawing of the posterior surface; (f) dorsal view; (g) schematic drawing of the dorsal surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359623/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
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Fig.
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<quantity id="4CF79B37F917FFE1FD9DB3A6FDF1C08F" box="[578,608,208,231]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" unit="g" value="3.0">3g</quantity>
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</figureCitation>
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||
). Supraorbital foramina are not found on the preserved parts: that means they are situated further towards the front than the horn pedicels. The postero-dorsal rims of the orbits weakly project outwards. Temporal crests are moderately developed, slightly overhanging along the superior nuchal line on the occipital. The external occipital protuberance is projected posteriorly. The median nuchal line forms a sharp ridge and gently inclines below the centre. The brain case is squared in dorsal view (length/width = 0.95). The height of the occipital without the foramen magnum is low relative to the brain-case width (height/width = 0.55). The mastoid processes project laterally, with shallow squamosal shelves.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF70665AF917FFE1FCECB3C7FC5FC169" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" startId="4.[819,875,177,199]" targetBox="[869,1406,298,843]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4" targetType="table">
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<paragraph id="8BB036D2F917FFE1FCECB3C7FC5FC169" blockId="4.[819,1462,177,257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FCECB3C7FC18C0AF" bold="true" box="[819,905,177,199]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Table 1.</emphasis>
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Comparison of brain-case dimensions (in mm) among boselaphins. Measuring points (
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<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FBBBB3B9FBE5C08C" box="[1124,1140,207,228]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">L</emphasis>
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, length;
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<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FB17B3B9FB4CC08C" box="[1224,1245,207,228]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">W</emphasis>
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, width;
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<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FAF1B3B9FAD0C08C" box="[1326,1345,207,228]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">H</emphasis>
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, height) are shown in Fig. 3.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BB036D2F917FFE1FB97B25DFAEFC323" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
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<table id="F90FC472F917001AFCBAB25CFAEFC323" box="[869,1406,298,843]" gridcols="6" gridrows="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
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<tr id="353F3490F917001AFCBAB25CFAEFC156" box="[869,1406,298,318]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" rowspan-0="1">
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<th id="76EE5DECF917001AFBFAB25CFBC6C156" box="[1061,1111,298,318]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FB97B25DFBC6C155" box="[1096,1111,299,317]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">L</emphasis>
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</th>
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||
<th id="76EE5DECF917001AFBABB25CFB0BC156" box="[1140,1178,298,318]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FB5AB25DFB09C155" box="[1157,1176,299,317]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">W</emphasis>
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||
</th>
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||
<th id="76EE5DECF917001AFB67B25CFB4FC156" box="[1208,1246,298,318]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
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||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FB14B25DFB4DC155" box="[1227,1244,299,317]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">H</emphasis>
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||
</th>
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||
<th id="76EE5DECF917001AFB23B25CFABDC156" box="[1276,1324,298,318]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
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||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FB23B25CFABBC156" box="[1276,1322,298,318]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">L/W</emphasis>
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||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76EE5DECF917001AFA95B25CFAEFC156" box="[1354,1406,298,318]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FA95B25CFAEDC156" box="[1354,1404,298,318]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">H/W</emphasis>
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||
</th>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr id="353F3490F917001AFCBAB222FAEFC10F" box="[869,1406,340,359]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<th id="76EE5DECF917001AFCBAB222FAEFC10F" box="[869,1406,340,359]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FCBAB223FC65C10F" authority="BNHS" authorityName="BNHS" box="[869,1012,340,359]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Boselaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tragocamelus">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FCBAB223FC65C10F" box="[869,1012,340,359]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">B. tragocamelus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</th>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr id="353F3490F917001AFCBAB208FAEFC1AF" box="[869,1406,382,455]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
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||
<th id="76EE5DECF917001AFCBAB208FB99C1AF" box="[869,1032,382,455]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">BNHS 18183 BNHS 18184 BNHS 18186</th>
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||
<td id="76EE5DECF917001AFBFAB208FBC6C1AF" box="[1061,1111,382,455]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">107.2 93.5 89.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DECF917001AFBABB208FB0BC1AF" box="[1140,1178,382,455]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">81.5 74.4 87.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DECF917001AFB67B208FB4FC1AF" box="[1208,1246,382,455]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">51.6 53.9 52.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DECF917001AFB23B208FABDC1AF" box="[1276,1324,382,455]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">1.32 1.26 1.02</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DECF917001AFA95B208FAEFC1AF" box="[1354,1406,382,455]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">0.63 0.72 0.60</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353F3490F917001AFCBAB2ABFAEFC198" box="[869,1406,477,496]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<th id="76EE5DECF917001AFCBAB2ABFAEFC198" box="[869,1406,477,496]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FCBAB2A8FC4DC198" authority="BMNH" authorityName="BMNH" box="[869,988,477,496]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Boselaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="namadicus">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FCBAB2A8FC4DC198" box="[869,988,477,496]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">B. namadicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353F3490F917001AFCBAB171FAEFC25D" box="[869,1406,519,565]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<th id="76EE5DECF917001AFCBAB171FB99C25D" box="[869,1032,519,565]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">BMNH 36851 BMNH M486</th>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DECF917001AFBFAB171FBC6C25D" box="[1061,1111,519,565]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">83.0 86.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DECF917001AFBABB171FB0BC25D" box="[1140,1178,519,565]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">91.9 77.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DECF917001AFB67B171FB4FC25D" box="[1208,1246,519,565]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">58.0 56.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DECF917001AFB23B171FABDC25D" box="[1276,1324,519,565]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">0.90 1.11</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DECF917001AFA95B171FAEFC25D" box="[1354,1406,519,565]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">0.63 0.73</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353F3490F917001AFCBAB13AFAEFC237" box="[869,1406,588,607]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<th id="76EE5DECF917001AFCBAB13AFAEFC237" box="[869,1406,588,607]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FCBAB13BFC7CC237" authority="BNHS" authorityName="BNHS" box="[869,1005,588,607]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Tetracerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadricornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FCBAB13BFC7CC237" box="[869,1005,588,607]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">T. quadricornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353F3490F917001AFCBAB100FAEFC2CC" box="[869,1406,630,676]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<th id="76EE5DECF917001AFCBAB100FB99C2CC" box="[869,1032,630,676]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">BNHS 18004 BNHS 18125</th>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DECF917001AFBFAB100FBC6C2CC" box="[1061,1111,630,676]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">58.6 63.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DECF917001AFBABB100FB0BC2CC" box="[1140,1178,630,676]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">59.7 53.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DECF917001AFB67B100FB4FC2CC" box="[1208,1246,630,676]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">22.6 19.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DECF917001AFB23B100FABDC2CC" box="[1276,1324,630,676]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">0.98 1.19</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DECF917001AFA95B100FAEFC2CC" box="[1354,1406,630,676]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">0.38 0.36</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353F3490F917001AFCBAB1CDFAEFC2A5" box="[869,1406,699,717]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<th id="76EE5DECF917001AFCBAB1CDFAEFC2A5" box="[869,1406,699,717]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FCBAB1CDFC55C2A5" authority="MGB. Dbs." authorityName="MGB. Dbs." box="[869,964,699,717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Duboisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FCBAB1CDFC55C2A5" box="[869,964,699,717]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">D. santeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353F3490F917001AFCBAB192FAEFC29F" box="[869,1406,740,759]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<th id="76EE5DECF917001AFCBAB192FB99C29F" box="[869,1032,740,759]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">MGB.Dbs.</th>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DECF917001AFBFAB192FBC6C29F" box="[1061,1111,740,759]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">68.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DECF917001AFBABB192FB0BC29F" box="[1140,1178,740,759]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">79.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DECF917001AFB67B192FB4FC29F" box="[1208,1246,740,759]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">41.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DECF917001AFB23B192FABDC29F" box="[1276,1324,740,759]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">0.85</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DECF917001AFA95B192FAEFC29F" box="[1354,1406,740,759]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">0.52</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353F3490F917001AFCBAB078FAEFC349" box="[869,1406,782,801]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<th id="76EE5DECF917001AFCBAB078FAEFC349" box="[869,1406,782,801]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FCBAB079FC76C349" authority="PPN" authorityName="PPN" box="[869,999,782,801]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Duboisia" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FCBAB079FCEAC349" box="[869,891,783,801]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">D.</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FC7CB079FC76C349" box="[931,999,783,801]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">santeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353F3490F917001AFCBAB04EFAEFC323" box="[869,1406,824,843]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<th id="76EE5DECF917001AFCBAB04EFB99C323" box="[869,1032,824,843]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">PPN 01-000109</th>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DECF917001AFBFAB04EFBC6C323" box="[1061,1111,824,843]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">65.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DECF917001AFBABB04EFB0BC323" box="[1140,1178,824,843]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">68.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DECF917001AFB67B04EFB4FC323" box="[1208,1246,824,843]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">38.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DECF917001AFB23B04EFABDC323" box="[1276,1324,824,843]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">0.95</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DECF917001AFA95B04EFAEFC323" box="[1354,1406,824,843]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">0.55</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D2F917FFE1FF48B119FDE8C38C" blockId="4.[124,767,176,996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
|
||
The horn cores insert caudolaterally from the orbits, strongly inclined backwards being parallel to the frontal surface at the base, and bend upwards at the middle part. In the antero-dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A57F917FFE1FEA7B1B8FE54C28D" box="[376,453,718,741]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[124,191,1296,1318]" captionTargetBox="[329,1257,190,1248]" captionTargetId="figure-12@3.[321,1266,177,1264]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Calvarium with right and left horn cores of Duboisia aff. santeng (PPN 01-000109). (a) Anterior view; (b) cross section of the left horn core (an., anterior; me., medial.); (c) left lateral view; (d) posterior view; (e) schematic drawing of the posterior surface; (f) dorsal view; (g) schematic drawing of the dorsal surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359623/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
|
||
), the horn cores diverge at an angle of 95
|
||
<superScript id="7C7A9B9AF917FFE1FF2AB199FF6EC293" attach="left" box="[245,255,751,763]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">◦</superScript>
|
||
at the base, and curve inwards after the middle part. The horn core is weakly twisted clockwise (right side). Right and left horn cores have a wide interval at the frontal surface (56.0 mm between the medial keels). The cross section of the horn cores has a rounded triangular outline antero-posteriorly compressed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A57F917FFE1FE09B0F8FDBBC3CD" box="[470,554,910,933]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[124,191,980,1002]" captionTargetBox="[319,1257,592,878]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Comparison of skulls between Duboisia aff.santeng (A–B: PPN 01-000109) and D. santeng (C–D: MGB.SA 290709) from Pucung (Java). Panels (a) and (c), left lateral view; (b) and (d), anterior view and cross section of the left horn core. Abbreviations: an., anterior; me., medial." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359625/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Fig. 4b</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are medial and lateral keels from the base to the top. The anterior surface is convex but does not have a clear keel.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3156559F917FFE0FFA3B77AFD60C73F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="296" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D2F917FFE1FFA3B77AFE11C6AA" blockId="4.[124,767,1036,1921]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FFA3B77AFF7DC44C" bold="true" box="[124,236,1036,1060]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
Most antelope-sized species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FDBAB77BFD2CC44C" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[613,701,1037,1060]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bovinae">Bovinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
were traditionally included in the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FE02B75BFF68C40C" authority="(McKenna and Bell, 1997)" baseAuthorityName="McKenna and Bell" baseAuthorityYear="1997" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" rank="tribe" tribe="Boselaphini">
|
||
Boselaphini (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B23F917FFE1FDB7B75BFF60C40C" author="McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K." pageId="4" pageNumber="295" refId="ref6668" refString="McKenna, M. C. and Bell, S. K.: Classification of mammals: above the species level, Columbia University Press, USA, 631 pp., 1997." type="book" year="1997">McKenna and Bell, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, it is currently accepted that the tribe encompasses only the following crown genera:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FDA2B71AFD66C4EC" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[637,759,1132,1156]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Boselaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FDA2B71AFD66C4EC" box="[637,759,1132,1156]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Boselaphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FFA3B7FAFF7DC4CC" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1825" box="[124,236,1164,1188]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Tetracerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FFA3B7FAFF7DC4CC" box="[124,236,1164,1188]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Tetracerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FEEDB7FAFE02C4CC" authorityName="Stremme" authorityYear="1911" box="[306,403,1164,1188]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Duboisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FEEDB7FAFE02C4CC" box="[306,403,1164,1188]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Duboisia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Bibi, 2009;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B23F917FFE1FDECB7FBFD65C4CC" author="Bibi, F. & Bukhsianidze, M. & Gentry, A. W. & Geraads, D. & Kostopoulos, D. S. & Vrba, E. S." box="[563,756,1165,1188]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" refId="ref5422" refString="Bibi, F., Bukhsianidze, M., Gentry, A. W., Geraads, D., Kostopoulos, D. S., and Vrba, E. S.: The fossil record and evolution of Bovidae: state of the field, Palaeont. Elect., 11 pp., 12.3.10 A, 2009." type="book" year="2009">Bibi et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There are some bovines whose taxonomic positions are formally pending.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B23F917FFE1FE93B7BAFD94C48B" author="Schlosser, M." box="[332,517,1228,1251]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" pagination="1 - 221" refId="ref7309" refString="Schlosser, M.: Die fossilen Saugethiere Chinas nebst einer odontographie der recenten antilopen, Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Math. - Natur. Klas., 22, 1 - 221, 1903." type="journal article" year="1903">Schlosser (1903)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FDA1B7BAFEB5C56C" class="Mammalia" genus="Paraboselaphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ameghinoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FDA1B7BAFEB5C56C" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Paraboselaphus ameghinoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, referring to some isolated cheek teeth from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187642F917FFE1FFA3B67AFF2FC54B" box="[124,190,1292,1315]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but his materials and description are insufficient to define an independent taxon based on apomorphies of the genus.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B23F917FFE1FF10B63AFE0CC50B" author="Matsumoto, H." box="[207,413,1356,1379]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref6703" refString="Matsumoto, H.: On some fossil mammals from Sze-chuan, China, Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ., 2 nd Ser., Geol., 3, 1 - 28, 1915." type="journal article" year="1915">Matsumoto (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FDC0B63DFD2CC50B" authorityName="Matsumoto" authorityYear="1915" box="[543,701,1355,1379]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Proboselaphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FDC0B63DFD2CC50B" box="[543,701,1355,1379]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Proboselaphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Pleistocene of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF830F917FFE1FE92B61AFE34C5EB" box="[333,421,1388,1411]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187642F917FFE1FE6BB61AFE67C5EB" box="[436,502,1388,1411]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, as a primitive form of living
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FF1CB6FDFEACC5CB" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[195,317,1419,1443]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Boselaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FF1CB6FDFEACC5CB" box="[195,317,1419,1443]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Boselaphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B48870F917FFE1FE7EB6FAFE6FC5CB" box="[417,510,1420,1443]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FDBBB6FDFD43C5CB" authorityName="Matsumoto" authorityYear="1915" box="[612,722,1419,1443]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Proboselaphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watasei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FDBBB6FDFD43C5CB" box="[612,722,1419,1443]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">P. watasei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has neither cranial nor tooth characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FDB0B6DAFD5BC5AB" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[623,714,1452,1475]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Bovidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but rather those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FEC1B6BDFD15C58A" authority="(Nishioka et al., 2018 a)" baseAuthorityName="Nishioka" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[286,644,1483,1506]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
|
||
Cervidae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B23F917FFE1FE53B6BDFDEDC58A" author="Nishioka, Y. & Kohno, N. & Kudo, Y." box="[396,636,1483,1506]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" refId="ref6954" refString="Nishioka, Y., Kohno, N., and Kudo, Y.: Taxonomic revision of the holotype of Proboselaphus watasei Matsumoto, 1915 (Bovidae, Artiodactyla) from Sichuan, China, in preparation, 2018 a." type="book" year="2018">Nishioka et al., 2018a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B23F917FFE1FF45B69DFEAAC66A" author="Pilgrim, G. E." box="[154,315,1515,1538]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" pagination="1 - 356" refId="ref7098" refString="Pilgrim, G. E.: The fossil Bovidae of India, Palaeo. Ind., 26, 1 - 356, 1939." type="journal article" year="1939">Pilgrim (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FE96B69DFE2DC66B" authorityName="Pilgrim" authorityYear="1939" box="[329,444,1515,1539]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Sivaportax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FE96B69DFE2DC66B" box="[329,444,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Sivaportax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Neogene
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF830F917FFE1FD4DB69DFD6FC66A" box="[658,766,1515,1538]" country="Myanmar" name="Ayeyawady" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Irrawaddy</collectingRegion>
|
||
beds of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187642F917FFE1FF0DB57DFEA8C64A" box="[210,313,1547,1570]" name="Myanmar" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
is phylogenetically related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FDA2B57DFD66C64B" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[637,759,1547,1571]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Boselaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FDA2B57DFD66C64B" box="[637,759,1547,1571]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Boselaphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but our recent studies indicated that the former shares horn core morphology with Miocene Tragoportacini or Stem Bovini rather than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FE93B51DFE5AC6EA" baseAuthorityName="McKenna and Bell" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[332,459,1643,1666]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" rank="tribe" tribe="Boselaphini">Boselaphini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B23F917FFE1FE04B51DFD45C6EA" author="Nishioka, Y. & Takai, M. & Tsubamoto, T. & Egi, N. & Nishimura, T. & Kono, R. & Ogino, S. & Thaung-Htike, Zin-Maung-Maung-Thein & Vidthayanon, C." box="[475,724,1643,1666]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" refId="ref6997" refString="Nishioka, Y., Takai, M., Tsubamoto, T., Egi, N., Nishimura, T., Kono, R., Ogino, S., Thaung-Htike, Zin-Maung-Maung-Thein, and Vidthayanon, C.: Bovidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the Neogene Irrawaddy beds, Myanmar, Palaeontogr. Abt. A, in press, 2018 b." type="book" year="2018">Nishioka et al., 2018b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In this study, we accept that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FE4EB5FCFE63C6CA" authorityName="Stremme" authorityYear="1911" box="[401,498,1674,1698]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Duboisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FE4EB5FCFE63C6CA" box="[401,498,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Duboisia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only extinct genus included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FF26B5DDFEEAC6AA" baseAuthorityName="McKenna and Bell" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[249,379,1707,1730]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" rank="tribe" tribe="Boselaphini">Boselaphini</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D2F917FFE1FF48B5BCFB7DC729" blockId="4.[124,767,1036,1921]" lastBlockId="4.[819,1463,941,1921]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
|
||
Regarding cranial morphology,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE17F917FFE1FE2AB5BCFDB7C689" box="[501,550,1738,1761]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">PPN</collectionCode>
|
||
01-000109 has the precornual ridges extending from the anterior keels (or ridges) of the horn cores which are a synapomorphy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FD1EB47CFF58C729" baseAuthorityName="McKenna and Bell" baseAuthorityYear="1997" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" rank="tribe" tribe="Boselaphini">Boselaphini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Rugosity on the fronto-parietal surface is a symplesiomorphy of Tragoportacini (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FE3AB43CFDEFC70A" authorityName="Depéret" authorityYear="1887" box="[485,638,1866,1890]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Protragocerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FE3AB43CFDEFC70A" box="[485,638,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Protragocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FD55B43CFF0DC7E9" authorityName="Pilgrim" authorityYear="1937" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Helicoportax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FD55B43CFF0DC7E9" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Helicoportax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FF73B41FFEA1C7E9" authorityName="Pilgrim" authorityYear="1937" box="[172,304,1897,1921]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Tragoportax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FF73B41FFEA1C7E9" box="[172,304,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Tragoportax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FEAFB41FFD9CC7E9" authorityName="Stromer" authorityYear="1928" box="[368,525,1897,1921]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Miotragocerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FEAFB41FFD9CC7E9" box="[368,525,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Miotragocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FD91B41CFD41C7E9" baseAuthorityName="McKenna and Bell" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[590,720,1898,1921]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" rank="tribe" tribe="Boselaphini">Boselaphini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but that of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE17F917FFE1FCA0B0DBFC21C3AC" box="[895,944,941,964]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">PPN</collectionCode>
|
||
01-000109 is finer than that of the tragoportacin genera. Moreover,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE17F917FFE1FBD6B0BBFBABC38C" box="[1033,1082,973,996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">PPN</collectionCode>
|
||
01-000109 has relatively weaker temporal crests on the parietals and an antero-posteriorly shorter brain case than the tragoportacin genera listed above. According to previous studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B23F917FFE1FB41B75BFADDC42C" author="Stremme, H." box="[1182,1356,1069,1092]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" pagination="82 - 150" refId="ref7476" refString="Stremme, H.: Die Saugetiere mit Ausnahme der Proboscidier, in: Die Pithecanthropus - Schichten auf Java, edited by: Selenka, L. and Blanckenhorn, M., Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 82 - 150, 1911." type="book chapter" year="1911">Stremme, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B23F917FFE1FA80B75BFCF8C40C" author="Hooijer, D. A." pageId="4" pageNumber="295" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref6338" refString="Hooijer, D. A.: Fossil Bovidae from the Malay Archipelago and the Punjab, Zool. Verh. Mus. Leid., 38, 1 - 112, 1958." type="journal article" year="1958">Hooijer, 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and our observation, a combination of the following characteristics of the horn cores is diagnostic to distinguish the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FC32B7FAFBDFC4CC" authorityName="Stremme" authorityYear="1911" box="[1005,1102,1164,1188]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Duboisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FC32B7FAFBDFC4CC" box="[1005,1102,1164,1188]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Duboisia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from all of the other genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FCECB7DBFC1EC4AC" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[819,911,1197,1220]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bovinae">Bovinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
: the lower half inclined backwards; the upper half curved upwards; and the cross section rounded triangular, compressed antero-posteriorly, and with medial and lateral keels.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FCA8B67AFBFDC54C" box="[887,1132,1292,1316]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Boselaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="namadicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FCA8B67AFBFDC54C" box="[887,1132,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Boselaphus namadicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known as an extinct form of boselaphins from the older alluvium (Middle Pleistocene) of the Narmada basin,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187642F917FFE1FBD1B63AFBD4C50B" box="[1038,1093,1356,1379]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Rütimeyer, 1878;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B23F917FFE1FAC5B63AFA20C50B" author="Pilgrim, G. E." box="[1306,1457,1356,1379]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" pagination="1 - 356" refId="ref7098" refString="Pilgrim, G. E.: The fossil Bovidae of India, Palaeo. Ind., 26, 1 - 356, 1939." type="journal article" year="1939">Pilgrim, 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B23F917FFE1FCECB61AFC4AC5EB" author="Chauhan, P. R." box="[819,987,1388,1411]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" pagination="20 - 42" refId="ref5668" refString="Chauhan, P. R.: Large mammal fossil occurrences and associated archaeological evidence in the Pleistocene contexts of peninsular India and Sri Lanka, Quat. Int., 192, 20 - 42, 2008." type="journal article" year="2008">Chauhan, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and from the Plio-Pleistocene deposits of Sardhok,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187642F917FFE1FC41B6FAFC69C5CB" box="[926,1016,1420,1443]" name="Pakistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B23F917FFE1FBD5B6FAFB71C5CB" author="Siddiq, M. K. & Riaz, A. & Khan, M. A. & Babar, M. A. & Mahmood, K. & Akhtar, M." box="[1034,1248,1420,1443]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" pagination="2327 - 2330" refId="ref7349" refString="Siddiq, M. K., Riaz, A., Khan, M. A., Babar, M. A., Mahmood, K., and Akhtar, M.: Fossils of Boselaphus (Bovini: Bovidae: Ruminantia) from Sardhok Pleistocene of Pakistan, Pakistan J. Zool., 49, 2327 - 2330, 2017." type="journal article" year="2017">Siddiq et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The horn core of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B48870F917FFE1FC82B6DAFC2BC5AB" box="[861,954,1452,1475]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE17F917FFE1FC14B6DAFB8DC5AB" box="[971,1052,1452,1475]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
36851) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FB44B6DDFABFC5AB" box="[1179,1326,1451,1475]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Boselaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="namadicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FB44B6DDFABFC5AB" box="[1179,1326,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">B. namadicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has equilateral triangular cross section with a sharp anterior keel and is less compressed antero-posteriorly than that of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE17F917FFE1FA87B69DFA18C66A" box="[1368,1417,1515,1538]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">PPN</collectionCode>
|
||
01- 000109 or the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FBC3B57DFBECC64B" authorityName="Stremme" authorityYear="1911" box="[1052,1149,1547,1571]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Duboisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FBC3B57DFBECC64B" box="[1052,1149,1547,1571]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Duboisia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In measurements (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68D0369F917FFE1FA8BB57DFA34C64A" box="[1364,1445,1547,1570]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[819,875,177,199]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of brain-case dimensions (in mm) among boselaphins. Measuring points (L, length; W, width; H, height) are shown in Fig. 3." pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), the brain case of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE17F917FFE1FC3CB55DFB85C62A" box="[995,1044,1579,1602]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">PPN</collectionCode>
|
||
01-000109 is antero-posteriorly shorter than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FC69B53CFB58C60A" box="[950,1225,1610,1634]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Boselaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tragocamelus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FC69B53CFB58C60A" box="[950,1225,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Boselaphus tragocamelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and approximately as long as that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FC0BB51CFB58C6EA" box="[980,1225,1642,1666]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Boselaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="namadicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FC0BB51CFB58C6EA" box="[980,1225,1642,1666]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Boselaphus namadicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FB30B51CFCE4C6CA" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Tetracerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadricornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FB30B51CFCE4C6CA" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Tetracerus quadricornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on dividing length by width. In the occipital height divided by width,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE17F917FFE1FBE1B5DDFBFEC6AA" box="[1086,1135,1707,1730]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">PPN</collectionCode>
|
||
01-000109 is intermediate between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FCA3B5BCFC66C68A" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[892,1015,1738,1762]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Boselaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FCA3B5BCFC66C68A" box="[892,1015,1738,1762]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Boselaphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FBF0B5BCFB0EC68A" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1825" box="[1071,1183,1738,1762]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Tetracerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FBF0B5BCFB0EC68A" box="[1071,1183,1738,1762]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Tetracerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Based on the qualitative and quantitative comparisons in horn core and brain-case morphology, as mentioned above,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE17F917FFE1FB7AB47CFB47C749" box="[1189,1238,1802,1825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">PPN</collectionCode>
|
||
01-000109 is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FC18B45CFBD3C72A" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[967,1090,1834,1858]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Boselaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FC18B45CFBD3C72A" box="[967,1090,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Boselaphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FBAAB45CFB74C72A" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1825" box="[1141,1253,1834,1858]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Tetracerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FBAAB45CFB74C72A" box="[1141,1253,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Tetracerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D2F917FFE0FC91B43CFD60C73F" blockId="4.[819,1463,941,1921]" lastBlockId="5.[124,767,1122,1879]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="296" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FC11B43CFBBEC70A" authorityName="Stremme" authorityYear="1911" box="[974,1071,1866,1890]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Duboisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FC11B43CFBBEC70A" box="[974,1071,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">Duboisia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
formally contains two species i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FCECB41FFBC5C7E9" authority="(Dubois, 1891)" baseAuthorityName="Dubois" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[819,1108,1897,1921]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Duboisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FCECB41FFC38C7E9" box="[819,937,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">D. santeng</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B23F917FFE1FC67B41CFBDDC7E9" author="Dubois, E." box="[952,1100,1898,1921]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" pagination="93 - 100" refId="ref5919" refString="Dubois, E.: Voorloopig bericht omtrent het onderzoek naar de Pleistocene en Tertiaire vertebraten-fauna van Sumatra en Java, gedurende het jaar 1890, Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind., 51, 93 - 100, 1891." type="journal article" year="1891">Dubois, 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F917FFE1FB54B41FFA27C7E9" authority="Geraads, 1979" authorityName="Geraads" authorityYear="1979" box="[1163,1462,1897,1921]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Duboisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sartonoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FB54B41FFB0FC7E9" box="[1163,1182,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">D</emphasis>
|
||
.?
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F917FFE1FB66B41FFA83C7E9" box="[1209,1298,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">sartonoi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B23F917FFE1FAC4B41CFA27C7E9" author="Geraads, D." box="[1307,1462,1898,1921]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" pagination="371 - 376" refId="ref6077" refString="Geraads, D.: Un nouveau BovidO (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) du Plio-PlOistocLne de Java: Duboisia (?) sartonoi n. sp., B. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 4, 371 - 376, 1979." type="journal article" year="1979">Geraads, 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F916FFE0FF7BB714FDA6C411" authority="Von Koenigswald, 1934" authorityName="Von Koenigswald" authorityYear="1934" box="[164,567,1122,1146]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Duboisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saatensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F916FFE0FF7BB714FEB6C412" box="[164,295,1122,1146]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">D. saatensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B23F916FFE0FEEEB714FDA6C411" author="Von Koenigswald, G. H. R." box="[305,567,1122,1145]" pageId="5" pageNumber="296" pagination="185 - 201" refId="ref7953" refString="Von Koenigswald, G. H. R.: Zur stratigraphie des Javanischen Pleistochan, Ingen. Neder. - Ind., 1, 185 - 201, 1934." type="journal article" year="1934">Von Koenigswald, 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), although the latter was established based on some isolated teeth.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B23F916FFE0FD7AB7F4FE81C4D1" author="Van den Bergh, G. D." pageId="5" pageNumber="296" refId="ref7747" refString="Van den Bergh, G. D.: Duboisia santeng, the endemic Pleistocene bovid from Java (Indonesia), Master thesis, Utrecht University, the Netherlands, 72 pp., 1988." type="book" year="1988">Van den Bergh (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in his unpublished master dissertation, suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F916FFE0FF23B7B4FD6AC4B1" authority="Von Koenigswald, 1933" authorityName="Von Koenigswald" authorityYear="1933" box="[252,763,1218,1242]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="296" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="problematicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F916FFE0FF23B7B4FE79C4B2" box="[252,488,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">Cervus problematicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B23F916FFE0FE2DB7B4FD6AC4B1" author="Von Koenigswald, G. H. R." box="[498,763,1218,1241]" pageId="5" pageNumber="296" pagination="1 - 127" refId="ref7913" refString="Von Koenigswald, G. H. R.: Beitrag zur kenntniss der fossilen wirbeltiere Javas, Wetensch. Meded. Dien. Mijn. Neder. - Ind., 23, 1 - 127, 1933." type="journal article" year="1933">Von Koenigswald, 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Bumiayu, Java, should be combined with the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F916FFE0FFA3B677FF4CC571" authorityName="Stremme" authorityYear="1911" box="[124,221,1281,1305]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Duboisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F916FFE0FFA3B677FF4CC571" box="[124,221,1281,1305]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">Duboisia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on a large skull fragment. Both?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F916FFE0FD5AB677FD6EC571" authorityName="Geraads" authorityYear="1979" box="[645,767,1281,1305]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Duboisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sartonoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F916FFE0FD5AB677FD6EC571" box="[645,767,1281,1305]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">D. sartonoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F916FFE0FF74B657FEF4C551" authorityName="Von Koenigswald" authorityYear="1933" box="[171,357,1313,1337]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="296" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="problematicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F916FFE0FF74B657FEF4C551" box="[171,357,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">D. problematicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are likely larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F916FFE0FD87B657FD5FC551" baseAuthorityName="Dubois" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[600,718,1313,1337]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Duboisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F916FFE0FD87B657FD5FC551" box="[600,718,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">D. santeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but these species are still debatable taxonomically (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B23F916FFE0FDA3B634FF27C510" author="Rozzi, R. & Winkler, D. E. & de Vos, J. & Schulz, E. & Palombo, M. R." pageId="5" pageNumber="296" pagination="73 - 85" refId="ref7161" refString="Rozzi, R., Winkler, D. E., de Vos, J., Schulz, E., and Palombo, M. R.: The enigmatic bovid Duboisia santeng (Dubois, 1891) from the Early-Middle Pleistocene of Java: A multiproxy approach to its paleoecology, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 377, 73 - 85, 2013." type="journal article" year="2013">Rozzi et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE17F916FFE0FF14B617FF6DC510" box="[203,252,1377,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">PPN</collectionCode>
|
||
01-000109 is almost as large as the specimen
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE17F916FFE0FFA3B6F7FF2CC5F0" box="[124,189,1409,1432]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/d3z2-v7v8" name="Museo de Geologia (del Seminario Diocesano) de Barcelona" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">MGB</collectionCode>
|
||
.Dbs. of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F916FFE0FECAB6F7FE18C5F1" baseAuthorityName="Dubois" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[277,393,1409,1433]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Duboisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F916FFE0FECAB6F7FE18C5F1" box="[277,393,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">D. santeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Sangiran (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68D0369F916FFE0FDE9B6F7FD16C5F0" box="[566,647,1409,1432]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[819,875,177,199]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of brain-case dimensions (in mm) among boselaphins. Measuring points (L, length; W, width; H, height) are shown in Fig. 3." pageId="5" pageNumber="296">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The horn cores of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE17F916FFE0FF3FB6D7FE80C5D0" box="[224,273,1441,1464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">PPN</collectionCode>
|
||
01-000109 are primarily similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F916FFE0FFA3B6B7FF63C5B1" baseAuthorityName="Dubois" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[124,242,1473,1497]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Duboisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F916FFE0FFA3B6B7FF63C5B1" box="[124,242,1473,1497]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">D. santeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in having keels on the medial and lateral sides and cross section compressed antero-posteriorly, but there are some minor differences between
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE17F916FFE0FDDAB577FDA7C670" box="[517,566,1537,1560]" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">PPN</collectionCode>
|
||
01-000109 and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F916FFE0FD3AB576FF5EC650" baseAuthorityName="Dubois" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Duboisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F916FFE0FD3AB576FF5EC650" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">D. santeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE17F916FFE0FF00B557FE8EC650" box="[223,287,1569,1592]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/d3z2-v7v8" name="Museo de Geologia (del Seminario Diocesano) de Barcelona" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">MGB</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE17F916FFE0FEFDB557FED4C650" box="[290,325,1569,1592]" country="France" name="Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratiore de Paleontologie" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">SA</collectionCode>
|
||
290709) from Pucung. Compared to the latter, the former has slender horn cores, curved prominently, and incomplete anterior and medial keels (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A57F916FFE0FDE2B517FDEFC610" box="[573,638,1633,1656]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[124,191,980,1002]" captionTargetBox="[319,1257,592,878]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Comparison of skulls between Duboisia aff.santeng (A–B: PPN 01-000109) and D. santeng (C–D: MGB.SA 290709) from Pucung (Java). Panels (a) and (c), left lateral view; (b) and (d), anterior view and cross section of the left horn core. Abbreviations: an., anterior; me., medial." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359625/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Moreover, precornual ridges of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE17F916FFE0FE81B5F6FE1EC6FF" box="[350,399,1664,1687]" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">PPN</collectionCode>
|
||
01-000109 are weaker than those of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE17F916FFE0FF48B5D6FF47C6DF" box="[151,214,1696,1719]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/d3z2-v7v8" name="Museo de Geologia (del Seminario Diocesano) de Barcelona" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">MGB</collectionCode>
|
||
.SA 290709. These differences of horn cores are possibly due to intraspecific variation. Although a species identification of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE17F916FFE0FED9B596FEA6C69F" box="[262,311,1760,1783]" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">PPN</collectionCode>
|
||
01-000109 should be discussed in detail based on additional specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187642F916FFE0FDD0B476FDFCC77F" box="[527,621,1792,1815]" name="Thailand" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
and comparing with a sufficient number of specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F916FFE0FD8CB469FD57C75F" baseAuthorityName="Dubois" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[595,710,1823,1847]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Duboisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F916FFE0FD8CB469FD57C75F" box="[595,710,1823,1847]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">D. santeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Java,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE17F916FFE0FF68B436FF79C73F" box="[183,232,1856,1879]" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">PPN</collectionCode>
|
||
01-000109 has a strong affinity with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D51F916FFE0FDA8B449FD7BC73F" baseAuthorityName="Dubois" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[631,746,1855,1879]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Duboisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santeng">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC0F916FFE0FDA8B449FD7BC73F" box="[631,746,1855,1879]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">D. santeng</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |