760 lines
107 KiB
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760 lines
107 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="0F33E07D37C407A93AD28F35549F5232">Manned submersible dives reveal a singular assemblage of Hexactinellida (Porifera) off the Amazon River mouth, Northern Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BC2A32AF1945CDF69B9E81A749C8C9D5">Moser, Julia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D1618B8D4C1BFF689948A929F844F2EF">Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (MN-UFRJ), Departamento de Invertebrados. Quinta da Boa vista, s / n, CEP 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. & juliamartinsmoser @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5638 - 3758</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="C8BAED43014AF1FA1AE6030495193AA1">Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (MN-UFRJ), Departamento de Invertebrados. Quinta da Boa vista, s / n, CEP 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. & Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 22460 - 030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C91684C02F7857693195557AC4B661E2">Castello-Branco, Cristiana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="200630AADF0B8921EB51911F5ECB5BF6">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, 20560 Washington, D. C., USA. cristianacbranco @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7166 - 183 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="46BDB903C62106CF0356B9445362B2DC">Pequeno, Carolline B.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03A687C1FFE51379B1B1F9EE4E152E2B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6335982" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193878617" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6335982" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687C1FFE51379B1B1F9EE4E152E2B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687C1FFE51379B1B1F9EE4E152E2B" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE5137FB1B1F9EE49952B12" ID-CoL="6BZ27" authority="Stutchbury, 1841" authorityName="Stutchbury" authorityYear="1841" box="[151,652,1554,1581]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pumiceus">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB1B1F9EE49952B12" bold="true" box="[151,652,1554,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB1B1F9EE4AB62B13" bold="true" box="[151,431,1554,1581]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Dactylocalyx pumiceus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB090F9EE49952B12" author="Stutchbury, S." box="[438,652,1554,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="86 - 87" refId="ref14967" refString="Stutchbury, S. (1841) Description of a new sponge from Barbados. Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B, 9, 86 - 87." type="journal article" year="1841">Stutchbury, 1841</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="C315655CFFE5137FB1B1F9CB494D2A99" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE5137FB1B1F9CB4A122B6C" blockId="8.[151,652,1554,1618]" box="[151,267,1591,1618]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13342A52FFE5137FB1B9F9CB4A1A2B6C" box="[159,259,1591,1618]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStart-2="FIGURE 8" captionStart-3="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1899,1923]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,250,1669,1693]" captionStartId-2="12.[151,250,1716,1740]" captionStartId-3="13.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox-0="[196,1391,381,1875]" captionTargetBox-1="[153,1435,181,1645]" captionTargetBox-2="[159,1428,181,1693]" captionTargetBox-3="[150,1437,237,1672]" captionTargetId-0="figure-94@9.[196,1391,381,1875]" captionTargetId-1="figure-28@10.[153,1435,181,1645]" captionTargetId-2="figure-29@12.[159,1428,181,1693]" captionTargetId-3="figure-50@13.[150,1437,237,1672]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionTargetPageId-3="13" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. External morphology of Dactylocalyx pumiceus. A–E, living specimens in situ (A, B off Pará State, C–E off Maranhão State). Arrow in D points to a derelict fishing line threatening the sponge; F, fresh specimen onboard; G, detail of outer surface showing openings of tubules; H, fragment of specimen after fixation with long grooves (A, F, G: MNRJ 21299; C, H: MNRJ 21284; B, D, E: not collected). Photographs by F. Moraes (A–B), and R. Moura (C–E)." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Skeleton of Dactylocalyx pumiceus (SEM). A, B, dictyonalia with long, sinuous, filamentous rays of asymmetrical pentactins and hexactins. C, dictyonalia with few pentactins; D, dictyonalia associated with abundant free hexasters; E, fused hexactin; F, club-shaped spined ray of fused hexactin with terminal knob." captionText-2="FIGURE 8. Megascleres of Dactylocalyx pumiceus (SEM). A, normal pentactin; B, asymmetrical hexactin with long, sinuous, filamentous rays; C, normal hexactin; D, heptactin. Insets: actin tips." captionText-3="FIGURE 9. Microscleres of Dactylocalyx pumiceus (SEM). A, discohexaster; B, onychohexaster; C–D, oxyhexasters. Insets: actin tips." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332311" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332315" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332317" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332319" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6332311/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6332315/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6332317/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/6332319/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Figs 6–9</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE5137FB1B1F98748412BD1" blockId="8.[151,1437,1659,1959]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB1B1F9874A0B2BAD" bold="true" box="[151,274,1659,1683]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Synonymy:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE5137FB03EF98749F82BAD" authority="Stutchbury, 1841: 87" authorityName="Stutchbury" authorityPageNumber="87" authorityYear="1841" box="[280,737,1659,1683]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pumiceus">
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<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB03EF987491D2BAD" box="[280,516,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Dactylocalyx pumiceus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB32DF98749F82BAD" author="Stutchbury, S." box="[523,737,1659,1683]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="86 - 87" refId="ref14967" refString="Stutchbury, S. (1841) Description of a new sponge from Barbados. Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B, 9, 86 - 87." type="journal article" year="1841">Stutchbury, 1841: 87</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB3CAF98748962BAD" author="Gray, J. E." box="[748,911,1659,1683]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="492 - 558" refId="ref12027" refString="Gray, J. E. (1867) Notes on the arrangement of sponges, with the descriptions of some new genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867 (2), 492 - 558." type="journal article" year="1867">Gray 1867: 506</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB2BCF9874F502BAD" author="Carter, H. J." box="[922,1097,1659,1683]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="437 - 472" refId="ref10933" refString="Carter, H. J. (1873) On the Hexactinellidae and Lithistidae generally, and particularly on the Aphrocallistidae, Aulodictyon, and Farreae, together with facts elicited from their deciduous structures and descriptions respectively of three new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 12 (71), 349 - 373, 437 - 472. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937308680804" type="journal article" year="1873">Carter 1873: 357</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB575F9874E182BAD" author="Sollas, W. J." box="[1107,1281,1659,1683]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="122 - 133" refId="ref14907" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1879) Observations on Dactylocalyx pumiceus (Stutchbury), with a description of a new variety, Dactylocalyx stutchburyi. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, 2, 122 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2818.1879. tb 01643. x" type="journal article" year="1879">Sollas 1879: 123</bibRefCitation>
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB42AF9874E842BAD" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[1292,1437,1659,1683]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="1 - 514" refId="ref14731" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1887) Report on the Hexactinellida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 21, 1 - 514." type="journal article" year="1887">Schulze 1887:</bibRefCitation>
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348;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB1DFF9664A8F2B8C" author="Reid, R." box="[249,406,1690,1714]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="821 - 826" refId="ref14067" refString="Reid, R. (1957) Notes on Hexactinellid sponges - II. Dactylocalyx Stutchbury and the family Dactylocalycidae Gray. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 10 (119), 821 - 826. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935708656082" type="journal article" year="1957">Reid 1957: 821</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Mothes de Moraes 1977: 42;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB3E5F96648EB2B8C" author="van Soest, R. & Stentoft, N." box="[707,1010,1690,1714]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="1 - 175" refId="ref15353" refString="van Soest, R. & Stentoft, N. (1988) Barbados deepwater sponges. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 70 (215), 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1988">van Soest & Stentoft 1988: 10</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB2DCF9664FAE2B8C" author="Alcolado, P. M." box="[1018,1207,1690,1714]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="53 - 72" refId="ref10449" refString="Alcolado, P. M. (2002) Catalogo de las esponjas de Cuba. Avicennia, 15, 53 - 72." type="journal article" year="2002">Alcolado 2002: 55</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB5E6F9664E802B8C" author="Reiswig, H." box="[1216,1433,1690,1714]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="1293 - 1300" refId="ref14148" refString="Reiswig, H. (2002 a) Family Dactylocalycidae. In: Hooper, J. & van Soest, R. (Eds.), Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, New York, pp. 1293 - 1300. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 134" type="book chapter" year="2002">Reiswig 2002a: 1296</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB1E1F9444AA82BEE" author="Mothes, B. & Lerner, C. B. & Silva, C. M." box="[199,433,1720,1745]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" refId="ref13411" refString="Mothes, B., Lerner, C. B. & Silva, C. M. (2003) Guia Ilustrado - Esponjas marinhas - Costa sul-brasileira. USEB, Pelotas, 83 pp." type="book" year="2003">
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||
Mothes
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<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB03CF9454A572BEE" box="[282,334,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">et al.</emphasis>
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2003: 63
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB09AF945498E2BEE" author="Lopes, D. & Hajdu, E. & Reiswig, H." box="[444,663,1720,1744]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="43 - 56" refId="ref13128" refString="Lopes, D., Hajdu, E. & Reiswig, H. (2005) Redescription of two Hexactinosida (Porifera, Hexactinellida) from the southwestern Atlantic, collected by Programme REVIZEE. Zootaxa, 1066 (1), 43 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1066.1.2" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Lopes
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB327F945492C2BEE" box="[513,565,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005: 50
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB385F94448952BEE" author="Mothes, B. & Lerner, C. B. & Silva, C. M." box="[675,908,1720,1744]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" refId="ref13448" refString="Mothes, B., Lerner, C. B. & Silva, C. M. (2006) Illustrated guide of the marine sponges from the Southern coast of Brazil / Guia ilustrado de esponjas marinhas da costa sul-brasileira. USEB, Pelotas, 119 pp." type="book" year="2006">
|
||
Mothes
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB3D3F94548302BEE" box="[757,809,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006: 58
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB2B1F9444F952BEE" author="Muricy, G. & Santos, C. & Batista, D. & Lopes, D. & Pagnoncelli, D. & Monteiro, L. & Oliveira, M. & Moreira, M. C. & Carvalho, M. & Melao, M. & Klautau, M. & Rodriguez, P. & Costa, R. & Silvano, R. & Schwientek, S. & Ribeiro, S. & Pinheiro, U. & Hajdu, E." box="[919,1164,1720,1744]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" refId="ref13781" refString="Muricy, G., Santos, C., Batista, D., Lopes, D., Pagnoncelli, D., Monteiro, L., Oliveira, M., Moreira, M. C., Carvalho, M., Melao, M., Klautau, M., Rodriguez, P., Costa, R., Silvano, R., Schwientek, S., Ribeiro, S., Pinheiro, U. & Hajdu, E. (2006) Filo Porifera. In: Lavrado, H. & Ignacio, B. (Eds.), Biodiversidade bentonica da regiao central da Zona Economica Exclusiva brasileira. Serie Livros. Vol. 18. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 109 - 145." type="book" year="2006">
|
||
Muricy
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB2CFF9454F042BEE" box="[1001,1053,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006: 145
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB5B1F9454E202BEE" author="Lopes, D." box="[1175,1337,1720,1745]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="50" refId="ref13003" refString="Lopes, D. (2007) Dactylocalyx pumiceus Stutchbury, 1841. In: Lavrado, H. P. & Viana, M. S. (Eds.), Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da zona economica exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1. Serie Livros. Vol. 25. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, p. 50." type="book chapter" year="2007">Lopes 2007: 50</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB462F9444E842BEF" author="Hajdu, E. & Lopes, D." box="[1348,1437,1720,1745]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" refId="ref12114" refString="Hajdu, E. & Lopes, D. (2007) Checklist of Brazilian deep-sea sponges. In: Custodio, M., Lobo-Hajdu, G., Hajdu, E. & Muricy, G. (Eds.), Porifera Research: Biodiversity, Innovation and Sustainability. Serie Livros. Vol. 28. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 353 - 359." type="book" year="2007">Hajdu &</bibRefCitation>
|
||
Lopes 2007: 354;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB058F92B49412BD1" author="Vieira, W. & Cosme, B. & Hajdu, E." box="[382,600,1751,1775]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="437 - 460" refId="ref15390" refString="Vieira, W., Cosme, B. & Hajdu, E. (2010) Three new Erylus (Demospongiae, Astrophorida, Geodiidae) from the Almirante Saldanha Seamount (off SE Brazil), with further data for a tabular review of worldwide species and comments on Brazilian seamount sponges. Marine Biology Research, 6, 437 - 460. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000903334728" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Vieira
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB0E4F9244AEF2BD1" box="[450,502,1751,1775]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010: 21
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB344F92B484D2BD1" author="Muricy, G. & Lopes, D. & Hajdu, E. & Carvalho, M. & Moraes, F. & Klautau, M. & Menegola, C. M. & Pinheiro, U." box="[610,852,1751,1775]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" refId="ref13925" refString="Muricy, G., Lopes, D., Hajdu, E., Carvalho, M., Moraes, F., Klautau, M., Menegola, C. M. & Pinheiro, U. (2011) Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera. Serie Livros. Vol. 46. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 300 pp." type="book" year="2011">
|
||
Muricy
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB395F92449FF2BD1" box="[691,742,1751,1775]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011: 180
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE5137FB1B1F90A49542A30" blockId="8.[151,1437,1659,1959]" box="[151,589,1782,1806]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE5137FB1B1F90A49502A30" authority="Bowerbank, 1869: 78" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityPageNumber="78" authorityYear="1869" box="[151,585,1782,1806]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ingalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB1B1F90A4A7C2A30" box="[151,357,1782,1806]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Dactylocalyx ingalli</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB04AF90A49502A30" author="Bowerbank, J. S." box="[364,585,1782,1806]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="66 - 100" refId="ref10878" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1869) A monograph of the siliceo-fibrous sponges. Part I. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1869 (1), 66 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1869. tb 07296. x" type="journal article" year="1869">Bowerbank, 1869: 78</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE5137FB1B1F8E849FF2A13" blockId="8.[151,1437,1659,1959]" box="[151,742,1812,1837]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE5137FB1B1F8E849FB2A13" authority="Sollas, 1879: 131" authorityName="Sollas" authorityPageNumber="131" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,738,1812,1837]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="pumiceus" variety="stutchburyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB1B1F8E84A9A2A12" box="[151,387,1812,1836]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Dactylocalyx pumiceus</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB090F8E849312A12" box="[438,552,1812,1836]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">stutchburyi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB308F8E849FB2A13" author="Sollas, W. J." box="[558,738,1812,1837]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="122 - 133" refId="ref14907" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1879) Observations on Dactylocalyx pumiceus (Stutchbury), with a description of a new variety, Dactylocalyx stutchburyi. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, 2, 122 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2818.1879. tb 01643. x" type="journal article" year="1879">Sollas, 1879: 131</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE5137FB1B1F8CF4FEF2A75" blockId="8.[151,1437,1659,1959]" box="[151,1270,1843,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE5137FB1B1F8CF497D2A75" authority=", Schmidt 1880: 53" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityPageNumber="53" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,612,1843,1867]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="subglobosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB1B1F8CF4ABE2A75" box="[151,423,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Dactylocalyx subglobosus,</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB08BF8CF497D2A75" author="Schmidt, O." box="[429,612,1843,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="33 - 90" refId="ref14578" refString="Schmidt, O. (1880) Die Spongien des Meerbusen von Mexico (Und des caraibischen Meeres). Heft II. Abtheilung II. Hexactinelliden. Abtheilung III. Tetractinelliden. Monactinelliden und Anhang. Nachtrage zu Abtheilung I (Lithistide). In: Reports on the dredging under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico, by the USCSS ' Blake'. Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp. 33 - 90." type="book chapter" year="1880">Schmidt 1880: 53</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB349F8CF48322A75" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[623,811,1843,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="1 - 514" refId="ref14731" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1887) Report on the Hexactinellida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 21, 1 - 514." type="journal article" year="1887">Schulze 1887: 349</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(non
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE5137FB240F8CF4FF22A75" authority="Gray, 1867" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[870,1259,1843,1867]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="subglobosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB240F8CF4F762A75" box="[870,1135,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Dactylocalyx subglobosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB550F8CF4FF22A75" author="Gray, J. E." box="[1142,1259,1843,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="492 - 558" refId="ref12027" refString="Gray, J. E. (1867) Notes on the arrangement of sponges, with the descriptions of some new genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867 (2), 492 - 558." type="journal article" year="1867">Gray, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE5137FB1B1F8AE492D2A54" blockId="8.[151,1437,1659,1959]" box="[151,564,1874,1898]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE5137FB1B1F8AE49292A54" authority="Schmidt, 1880: 57" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityPageNumber="57" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,560,1874,1898]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Diplacodium" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mixtum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB1B1F8AE4A742A57" box="[151,365,1874,1898]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Diplacodium mixtum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB055F8AE49292A54" author="Schmidt, O." box="[371,560,1874,1898]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="33 - 90" refId="ref14578" refString="Schmidt, O. (1880) Die Spongien des Meerbusen von Mexico (Und des caraibischen Meeres). Heft II. Abtheilung II. Hexactinelliden. Abtheilung III. Tetractinelliden. Monactinelliden und Anhang. Nachtrage zu Abtheilung I (Lithistide). In: Reports on the dredging under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico, by the USCSS ' Blake'. Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp. 33 - 90." type="book chapter" year="1880">Schmidt, 1880: 57</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE5137FB1B1F88C49342AB6" blockId="8.[151,1437,1659,1959]" box="[151,557,1904,1928]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE5137FB1B1F88C49302AB6" authority="Schulze, 1886: 85" authorityName="Schulze" authorityPageNumber="85" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,553,1904,1928]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="patella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB1B1F88C4A702AB6" box="[151,361,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Dactylocalyx patella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB056F88C49302AB6" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[368,553,1904,1928]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="1 - 97" refId="ref14695" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1886) Uber den Bau und das System der Hexactinelliden. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Physikalisch-Mathematische Classe, 1886, 1 - 97." type="journal article" year="1886">Schulze, 1886: 85</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE5137FB1B1F873494D2A99" blockId="8.[151,1437,1659,1959]" box="[151,596,1935,1959]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE5137FB1B1F87349492A99" authority="Schmidt, 1880: 53" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityPageNumber="53" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,592,1935,1959]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="potatorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB1B1F8734A942A99" box="[151,397,1935,1959]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Dactylocalyx potatorum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB0B5F87349492A99" author="Schmidt, O." box="[403,592,1935,1959]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="33 - 90" refId="ref14578" refString="Schmidt, O. (1880) Die Spongien des Meerbusen von Mexico (Und des caraibischen Meeres). Heft II. Abtheilung II. Hexactinelliden. Abtheilung III. Tetractinelliden. Monactinelliden und Anhang. Nachtrage zu Abtheilung I (Lithistide). In: Reports on the dredging under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico, by the USCSS ' Blake'. Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp. 33 - 90." type="book chapter" year="1880">Schmidt, 1880: 53</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315655CFFE5137EB1B1F8294AA32C5B" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE5137EB1B1F8294A072DC7" blockId="8.[151,1436,2005,2032]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB1B1F8294A992AD1" bold="true" box="[151,384,2005,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B673C8AFFE5137EB0A0F82A48BD2D8F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3697350303" collectingDate="2017-07-18" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="F. Moraes" country="Brazil" elevation="260" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="114" latitude="1.5220166" location="Para State" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-46.737183" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" specimenCode="MNRJ 21299" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBA99EACFFE5137FB0A0F82A49392AD1" box="[390,544,2005,2032]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">MNRJ 21299</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187647FFE5137FB30CF82949682AD1" box="[554,625,2005,2031]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, off
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF835FFE5137FB384F829480C2AD1" box="[674,789,2005,2031]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Pará State</collectingRegion>
|
||
, upper slope,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B5010FFE5137FB288F8294F592AD1" box="[942,1088,2005,2031]" degrees="01" direction="north" minutes="31.321" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" precision="1" value="1.5220166">01°31.321’N</geoCoordinate>
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||
–
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3B5010FFE5137FB57CF8294E192AD1" box="[1114,1280,2005,2031]" degrees="046" direction="west" minutes="44.231" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" precision="1" value="-46.737183">046°44.231’W</geoCoordinate>
|
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,
|
||
<elevation id="0022D1E4FFE5137FB42DF8294E812AD1" box="[1291,1432,2005,2032]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" unit="m" value="260.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B32FFE5137FB42DF8294E482ACE" box="[1291,1361,2005,2032]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" unit="m" value="260.0">260 m</quantity>
|
||
depth
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26FA5301FFE4137EB1F5FF6B4A5F2D8F" box="[211,326,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">F. Moraes</collectorName>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE12FFE4137EB045FF6B4A892D8F" box="[355,400,151,177]" country="0" name="University of Montana Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">MV</collectionCode>
|
||
Alucia, submersible Deep Rover,
|
||
<date id="FFB11017FFE4137EB204FF6B48BD2D8F" box="[802,932,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" value="2017-07-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF5E9FFFFE4137EB204FF6B48BD2D8F" box="[802,932,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" value="2017-07-18">18.vii.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B673C8AFFE4137EB295FF6B4A032DC7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3697350305" collectingDate="2017-07-15" collectionCode="R, MV" collectorName="Moura" country="Brazil" elevation="210" latitude="-0.45373335" location="Maranhao State" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-43.990482" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" specimenCode="MNRJ 21284" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Maranhao">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBA99EACFFE4137EB295FF6B4F482D8F" box="[947,1105,151,177]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">MNRJ 21284</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187647FFE4137EB546FF6B4FBE2D8F" box="[1120,1191,151,177]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, off
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF835FFE4137EB5C7FF6B4E812D8F" box="[1249,1432,151,177]" country="Brazil" name="Maranhao" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">Maranhão State</collectingRegion>
|
||
, upper slope,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B5010FFE4137EB00DFF474AA12DEB" box="[299,440,187,213]" degrees="00" direction="south" minutes="27.224" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" precision="1" value="-0.45373335">00°27.224’S</geoCoordinate>
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||
–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B5010FFE4137EB0FFFF4749662DEB" box="[473,639,186,213]" degrees="043" direction="west" minutes="59.429" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" precision="1" value="-43.990482">043°59.429’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="0022D1E4FFE4137EB3AAFF4748062DEB" box="[652,799,187,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" unit="m" value="210.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B32FFE4137EB3AAFF4749CC2DEB" box="[652,725,187,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" unit="m" value="210.0">210 m</quantity>
|
||
depth
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE12FFE4137EB241FF4748642DEB" box="[871,893,187,213]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26FA5301FFE4137EB2ACFF4748CC2DEB" box="[906,981,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">Moura</collectorName>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE12FFE4137EB2C8FF474F022DEB" box="[1006,1051,187,213]" country="0" name="University of Montana Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">MV</collectionCode>
|
||
Alucia, submersible Deep Rover,
|
||
<date id="FFB11017FFE4137EB1B1FF224A032DC7" box="[151,282,222,249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" value="2017-07-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF5E9FFFFE4137EB1B1FF224A032DC7" box="[151,282,222,249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" value="2017-07-15">15.vii.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE4137EB1E1FEFE4AA32C5B" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE4137EB1E1FEFE49682C22" bold="true" box="[199,625,258,284]" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">Material examined for comparison.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE4137EB35FFEFF48C12C23" authority="USNM" authorityName="USNM" box="[633,984,259,285]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pumiceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE4137EB35FFEFF48662C22" box="[633,895,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">Dactylocalyx pumiceus</emphasis>
|
||
USNM
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1409958,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187647FFE4137EB577FEFF4FDB2C23" box="[1105,1218,259,285]" name="Dominica" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="0022D1E4FFE4137EB5E8FEFF4E462C23" box="[1230,1375,259,285]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.97" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" unit="m" value="197.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B32FFE4137EB5E8FEFF4E0F2C23" box="[1230,1302,259,285]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.97" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" unit="m" value="197.0">197 m</quantity>
|
||
depth
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26FA5301FFE4137EB1B1FEDB4A292C7F" box="[151,304,295,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">B. Hoeksema</collectorName>
|
||
, A.
|
||
<collectorName id="26FA5301FFE4137EB07CFEDB4AD42C7F" box="[346,461,295,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">Schrier, B</collectorName>
|
||
. Brandt &
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE12FFE4137EB362FEDB494F2C7F" box="[580,598,295,321]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">T</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26FA5301FFE4137EB347FEDB49AC2C7F" box="[609,693,295,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">Devine</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB11017FFE4137EB398FEDB48232C7F" box="[702,826,295,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" value="2016-03-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF5E9FFFFE4137EB398FEDB48232C7F" box="[702,826,295,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" value="2016-03-11">11.iii.2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B673C8AFFE4137EB262FEDB4AAE2C5B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3697350308" collectingDate="1879-03-10" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="A. Agassiz & C. Sigsbee" country="Barbados" elevation="225" location="Barbados" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" specimenCode="USNM 5424" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBA99EACFFE4137EB262FEDB48CF2C7F" box="[836,982,294,321]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" type="Museum">USNM 5424</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187647FFE4137EB2C6FEDB4F542C7F" box="[992,1101,295,321]" name="Barbados" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">Barbados</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="0022D1E4FFE4137EB571FEDA4FFD2C7F" box="[1111,1252,294,321]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" unit="m" value="225.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B32FFE4137EB571FEDA4F842C7F" box="[1111,1181,294,321]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" unit="m" value="225.0">225 m</quantity>
|
||
depth
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26FA5301FFE4137EB402FEDB4E842C7F" box="[1316,1437,295,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">A. Agassiz</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="26FA5301FFE4137EB192FEB74A362C5B" box="[180,303,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">C. Sigsbee</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB11017FFE4137EB01CFEB74AAE2C5B" box="[314,439,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" value="1879-03-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF5E9FFFFE4137EB01CFEB74AAE2C5B" box="[314,439,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" value="1879-03-10">10.iii.1879</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF70665FFFE4137EB1B1F8974F4A2AD1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332311" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6332311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332311/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" startId="9.[151,250,1899,1923]" targetBox="[196,1391,381,1875]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE4137EB1B1F8974F4A2AD1" blockId="9.[151,1437,1899,2031]" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE4137EB1B1F8974A0A2ABD" bold="true" box="[151,275,1899,1923]" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
External morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE4137EB330F897481A2ABD" box="[534,771,1899,1923]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pumiceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE4137EB330F897481A2ABD" box="[534,771,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">Dactylocalyx pumiceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A–E, living specimens
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE4137EB2DAF8904F252ABD" box="[1020,1084,1900,1923]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="114">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
(A, B off Pará State, C–E off Maranhão State). Arrow in D points to a derelict fishing line threatening the sponge; F, fresh specimen onboard; G, detail of outer surface showing openings of tubules; H, fragment of specimen after fixation with long grooves (A, F, G: MNRJ 21299; C, H: MNRJ 21284; B, D, E: not collected). Photographs by F. Moraes (A–B), and R. Moura (C–E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF70665FFFE7137DB1B1F97948992BDB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332315" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6332315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332315/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="115" startId="10.[151,250,1669,1693]" targetBox="[153,1435,181,1645]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE7137DB1B1F97948992BDB" blockId="10.[151,1436,1669,1766]" pageId="10" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE7137DB1B1F9794A0A2BA3" bold="true" box="[151,275,1669,1693]" pageId="10" pageNumber="115">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Skeleton of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE7137DB0B4F97949D22BA3" authority="(SEM)" baseAuthorityName="SEM" box="[402,715,1669,1693]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pumiceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE7137DB0B4F97949672BA3" box="[402,638,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="115">Dactylocalyx pumiceus</emphasis>
|
||
(SEM)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, B, dictyonalia with long, sinuous, filamentous rays of asymmetrical pentactins and hexactins. C, dictyonalia with few pentactins; D, dictyonalia associated with abundant free hexasters; E, fused hexactin; F, club-shaped spined ray of fused hexactin with terminal knob.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315655CFFE7137DB1E1F8EF4FD02A4B" pageId="10" pageNumber="115" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE7137DB1E1F8EF4FD02A4B" blockId="10.[151,1437,1811,2018]" pageId="10" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE7137DB1E1F8EF4A5B2A13" bold="true" box="[199,322,1811,1837]" pageId="10" pageNumber="115">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE7137DB06FF8EF4AC42A13" authorityName="Stutchbury" authorityYear="1841" box="[329,477,1811,1837]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="115" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE7137DB06FF8EF4AC42A13" box="[329,477,1811,1837]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="115">Dactylocalyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with thick dictyonal skeleton and fused hexactins; dense small tubule network ramified and irregularly anastomosed. Megascleres asymmetrical pentactins and hexactins, both regular or with long, sinuous, filamentous rays. Microscleres discohexasters, onychohexasters and rare oxyhexasters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315655CFFE7137AB1E1F88348F42DEB" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="10" pageNumber="115" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE7137CB1E1F8834A0A2DEB" blockId="10.[151,1437,1811,2018]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,609]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="10" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE7137DB1E1F8834A402AA7" bold="true" box="[199,345,1919,1945]" pageId="10" pageNumber="115">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Basiphytous, cup- to barrel or vase-shaped, plate-like or calyciform sponge measuring
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B32FFE7137DB40BF8834E852AA4" box="[1325,1436,1919,1946]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="5.3" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="115" unit="cm" value="37.5" valueMax="53.0" valueMin="22.0">22–53 cm</quantity>
|
||
long by
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B32FFE7137DB1D5F85F4A7B2A80" box="[243,354,1955,1982]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="115" unit="cm" value="23.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="17.0">17–30 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B32FFE7137DB0F1F85F493F2A80" box="[471,550,1955,1982]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFE7137DB352F85F49F72A80" box="[628,750,1955,1982]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,381,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-94@9.[196,1391,381,1875]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. External morphology of Dactylocalyx pumiceus. A–E, living specimens in situ (A, B off Pará State, C–E off Maranhão State). Arrow in D points to a derelict fishing line threatening the sponge; F, fresh specimen onboard; G, detail of outer surface showing openings of tubules; H, fragment of specimen after fixation with long grooves (A, F, G: MNRJ 21299; C, H: MNRJ 21284; B, D, E: not collected). Photographs by F. Moraes (A–B), and R. Moura (C–E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332311/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="115">Fig. 6A–F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Surface microhispid, irregular, grooved in both internal and external sides and perforated by small caliber tubules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFE7137DB3D9F83B48402ADC" box="[767,857,1991,2018]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,381,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-94@9.[196,1391,381,1875]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. External morphology of Dactylocalyx pumiceus. A–E, living specimens in situ (A, B off Pará State, C–E off Maranhão State). Arrow in D points to a derelict fishing line threatening the sponge; F, fresh specimen onboard; G, detail of outer surface showing openings of tubules; H, fragment of specimen after fixation with long grooves (A, F, G: MNRJ 21299; C, H: MNRJ 21284; B, D, E: not collected). Photographs by F. Moraes (A–B), and R. Moura (C–E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332311/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="115">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Grooves up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B32FFE7137DB533F83B4F992ADC" box="[1045,1152,1991,2018]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="16.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="3.0">3–30 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B32FFE7137DB5D3F83B4E792ADC" box="[1269,1376,1991,2018]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="29.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="8.0">8–50 mm</quantity>
|
||
deep (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFE6137CB186FF6B4A0C2D8F" box="[160,277,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,381,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-94@9.[196,1391,381,1875]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. External morphology of Dactylocalyx pumiceus. A–E, living specimens in situ (A, B off Pará State, C–E off Maranhão State). Arrow in D points to a derelict fishing line threatening the sponge; F, fresh specimen onboard; G, detail of outer surface showing openings of tubules; H, fragment of specimen after fixation with long grooves (A, F, G: MNRJ 21299; C, H: MNRJ 21284; B, D, E: not collected). Photographs by F. Moraes (A–B), and R. Moura (C–E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332311/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Fig. 6F, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Color
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE6137CB056FF6B4AA52D8E" box="[368,444,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
white, cream or greenish-yellow, becoming white or cream in ethanol. Consistency firm but friable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE6137CB1E1FF224E072CB7" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE6137CB1E1FF224A9A2DC7" bold="true" box="[199,387,222,249]" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
Skeleton (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFE6137CB018FF224A9A2DC7" box="[318,387,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,181,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[153,1435,181,1645]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Skeleton of Dactylocalyx pumiceus (SEM). A, B, dictyonalia with long, sinuous, filamentous rays of asymmetrical pentactins and hexactins. C, dictyonalia with few pentactins; D, dictyonalia associated with abundant free hexasters; E, fused hexactin; F, club-shaped spined ray of fused hexactin with terminal knob." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332315/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
): Dictyonal skeleton thick, stout to thin and fragile, tuberculated, forming polygonal meshes (mainly triangular and quadrangular with rounded corners), and with connections tip-to-tip and tip-to-node (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFE6137CB449FEFF4BF92C7F" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,181,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[153,1435,181,1645]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Skeleton of Dactylocalyx pumiceus (SEM). A, B, dictyonalia with long, sinuous, filamentous rays of asymmetrical pentactins and hexactins. C, dictyonalia with few pentactins; D, dictyonalia associated with abundant free hexasters; E, fused hexactin; F, club-shaped spined ray of fused hexactin with terminal knob." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332315/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Fig. 7A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Network of small tubules dense, ramified, irregularly anastomosed. Siliceous prominences project through the surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFE6137CB038FEB74A6E2C5B" box="[286,375,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,181,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[153,1435,181,1645]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Skeleton of Dactylocalyx pumiceus (SEM). A, B, dictyonalia with long, sinuous, filamentous rays of asymmetrical pentactins and hexactins. C, dictyonalia with few pentactins; D, dictyonalia associated with abundant free hexasters; E, fused hexactin; F, club-shaped spined ray of fused hexactin with terminal knob." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332315/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dermalia with fused hexactins, diactins and discohexasters.Atrialia with spined hexactins and pentactins, free or fused to the dictyonalia, diactins, and free hexasters in variable abundance (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFE6137CB591FE934E082CB7" box="[1207,1297,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,181,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[153,1435,181,1645]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Skeleton of Dactylocalyx pumiceus (SEM). A, B, dictyonalia with long, sinuous, filamentous rays of asymmetrical pentactins and hexactins. C, dictyonalia with few pentactins; D, dictyonalia associated with abundant free hexasters; E, fused hexactin; F, club-shaped spined ray of fused hexactin with terminal knob." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332315/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE6137CB1E1FE6E4FCF2CEF" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE6137CB1E1FE6E4A302C92" bold="true" box="[199,297,402,428]" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Spicules</emphasis>
|
||
: Megascleres are fused hexactins and free large diactins, asymmetrical pentactins and hexactins. Microscleres are discohexasters, onychohexasteres and rare oxyhexasters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFE6137CB29CFE4B4F292CEF" box="[954,1072,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,181,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[153,1435,181,1645]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Skeleton of Dactylocalyx pumiceus (SEM). A, B, dictyonalia with long, sinuous, filamentous rays of asymmetrical pentactins and hexactins. C, dictyonalia with few pentactins; D, dictyonalia associated with abundant free hexasters; E, fused hexactin; F, club-shaped spined ray of fused hexactin with terminal knob." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332315/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Figs 7E–F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFE6137CB51DFE4B4F532CEF" box="[1083,1098,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1716,1740]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,181,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[159,1428,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Megascleres of Dactylocalyx pumiceus (SEM). A, normal pentactin; B, asymmetrical hexactin with long, sinuous, filamentous rays; C, normal hexactin; D, heptactin. Insets: actin tips." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332317/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">8</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFE6137CB571FE4B4F7E2CEF" box="[1111,1127,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,237,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-50@13.[150,1437,237,1672]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Microscleres of Dactylocalyx pumiceus (SEM). A, discohexaster; B, onychohexaster; C–D, oxyhexasters. Insets: actin tips." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332319/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">9</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68D036CFFE6137CB555FE4B4FD02CEF" box="[1139,1225,439,465]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,239,656,680]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule measurements of the two specimens of Dactylocalyx pumiceus (min-average-max in micrometers)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF70665FFFE6137CB1B1FD6C4E912F96" pageId="11" pageNumber="116" tableUuid="DF70665FFFE6137CB1B1FD6C4E912F96">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE6137CB1E1FE2748332F27" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
Fused hexactins irregular, asymmetrical, with straight, microspined actins 55–96 µm long by 7–10 µm thick, club-shaped, with expanded, rounded endings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFE6137CB38EFE0348042F27" box="[680,797,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,181,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[153,1435,181,1645]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Skeleton of Dactylocalyx pumiceus (SEM). A, B, dictyonalia with long, sinuous, filamentous rays of asymmetrical pentactins and hexactins. C, dictyonalia with few pentactins; D, dictyonalia associated with abundant free hexasters; E, fused hexactin; F, club-shaped spined ray of fused hexactin with terminal knob." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332315/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Fig. 7E–F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE6137CB1E1FDDF4A632F5F" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Large diactins smooth, crossing transversally the skeleton, always broken (not shown). Length> 350 µm, width 10.0–42.9–90.0 µm.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF70665FFFE6137CB1B1FD6C4E912F96" ID-Table-UUID="DF70665FFFE6137CB1B1FD6C4E912F96" box="[151,1416,656,680]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF70665FFFE6137CB1B1FD6C4E912F96" pageId="11" pageNumber="116" startId="11.[151,239,656,680]" targetBox="[166,1338,697,1485]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE6137CB1B1FD6C4E912F96" blockId="11.[151,1416,656,680]" box="[151,1416,656,680]" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE6137CB1B1FD6C4A132F96" bold="true" box="[151,266,656,680]" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicule measurements of the two specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE6137CB22AFD6C4F1C2F96" box="[780,1029,656,680]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="11" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pumiceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE6137CB22AFD6C4F1C2F96" box="[780,1029,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Dactylocalyx pumiceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(min-average-max in micrometers).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE6137CB180FD454E1E28F3" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<table id="F90FC477FFE6EC88B180FD454E2328F3" box="[166,1338,697,1485]" gridcols="3" gridrows="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<tr id="353F3495FFE6EC88B180FD454E232FEF" box="[166,1338,697,721]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<th id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B180FD454AB92FEF" box="[166,416,697,721]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Spicules</th>
|
||
<th id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B3F6FD4548A62FEF" box="[720,959,697,721]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">MNRJ 21284</th>
|
||
<th id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B553FD454E232FEF" box="[1141,1338,697,721]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">MNRJ 21299</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353F3495FFE6EC88B180FD1C4E232FC6" box="[166,1338,736,760]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<th id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B180FD1C4E232FC6" box="[166,1338,736,760]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE6137CB180FD1C4BE62FC6" bold="true" box="[166,255,736,760]" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Diactins</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353F3495FFE6EC88B180FCF54E232E1F" box="[166,1338,777,801]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<th id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B180FCF54AB92E1F" box="[166,416,777,801]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Width</th>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B3F6FCF548A62E1F" box="[720,959,777,801]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">10.0–49.0–80.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B553FCF54E232E1F" box="[1141,1338,777,801]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">10.0–36.8–90.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353F3495FFE6EC88B180FCCD4E232E77" box="[166,1338,817,841]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<th id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B180FCCD4E232E77" box="[166,1338,817,841]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE6137CB180FCCD4AAA2E77" bold="true" box="[166,435,817,841]" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Asymmetrical pentactins</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353F3495FFE6EC88B180FCA54E232E4C" box="[166,1338,857,882]" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<th id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B180FCA54AB92E4C" box="[166,416,857,882]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Longer tangential ray</th>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B3F6FCA548A62E4C" box="[720,959,857,882]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">58.0–133.0–390.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B553FCA54E232E4C" box="[1141,1338,857,882]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">77.5–164.8–270.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353F3495FFE6EC88B180FC7E4E232EA4" box="[166,1338,898,922]" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<th id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B180FC7E4AB92EA4" box="[166,416,898,922]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Shorter tangential ray</th>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B3F6FC7E48A62EA4" box="[720,959,898,922]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">30.0–85.0–125.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B553FC7E4E232EA4" box="[1141,1338,898,922]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">35.0–111.0–220.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353F3495FFE6EC88B180FC564E232EFD" box="[166,1338,938,963]" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<th id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B180FC564AB92EFD" box="[166,416,938,963]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Proximal ray</th>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B3F6FC5648A62EFD" box="[720,959,938,963]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">53.0–253.0–730.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B553FC564E232EFD" box="[1141,1338,938,963]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">105.0–299.8–900.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353F3495FFE6EC88B180FC2E4E232ED5" box="[166,1338,978,1003]" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<th id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B180FC2E4AB92ED5" box="[166,416,978,1003]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Rays width</th>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B3F6FC2E48A62ED5" box="[720,959,978,1003]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">3.0–3.0–5.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B553FC2E4E232ED5" box="[1141,1338,978,1003]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">2.5–3.3–6.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353F3495FFE6EC88B180FC064E23292C" box="[166,1338,1018,1042]" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<th id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B180FC064E23292C" box="[166,1338,1018,1042]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE6137CB180FC064AB0292C" bold="true" box="[166,425,1018,1042]" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Asymmetrical hexactins</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353F3495FFE6EC88B180FBDF4E232905" box="[166,1338,1059,1083]" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<th id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B180FBDF4AB92905" box="[166,416,1059,1083]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Longer tangential ray</th>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B3F6FBDF48A62905" box="[720,959,1059,1083]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">73.0–162.0–510.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B553FBDF4E232905" box="[1141,1338,1059,1083]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">80.0–189.6–600.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353F3495FFE6EC88B180FBB74E23295A" box="[166,1338,1099,1124]" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<th id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B180FBB74AB9295A" box="[166,416,1099,1124]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Shorter tangential ray</th>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B3F6FBB748A6295A" box="[720,959,1099,1124]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">23.0–90.0–178.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B553FBB74E23295A" box="[1141,1338,1099,1124]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">45.0–133.6–360.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353F3495FFE6EC88B180FB8F4E2329B2" box="[166,1338,1139,1164]" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<th id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B180FB8F4AB929B2" box="[166,416,1139,1164]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Proximal ray</th>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B3F6FB8F48A629B2" box="[720,959,1139,1164]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">85.0–295.0–690.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B553FB8F4E2329B2" box="[1141,1338,1139,1164]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">107.5–233.7–730.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353F3495FFE6EC88B180FB674E23298A" box="[166,1338,1179,1204]" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<th id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B180FB674AB9298A" box="[166,416,1179,1204]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Distal ray</th>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B3F6FB6748A6298A" box="[720,959,1179,1204]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">13.0–102.0–160.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B553FB674E23298A" box="[1141,1338,1179,1204]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">25.0–109.7–600.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353F3495FFE6EC88B180FB384E2329E2" box="[166,1338,1220,1244]" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<th id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B180FB384AB929E2" box="[166,416,1220,1244]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Rays width</th>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B3F6FB3848A629E2" box="[720,959,1220,1244]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">3.0–3.0–5.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B553FB384E2329E2" box="[1141,1338,1220,1244]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">2.5–4.6–10.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353F3495FFE6EC88B180FB174E23283D" box="[166,1338,1259,1283]" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<th id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B180FB174E23283D" box="[166,1338,1259,1283]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE6137CB180FB174A5F283D" bold="true" box="[166,326,1259,1283]" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Discohexasters</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353F3495FFE6EC88B180FAE84E232812" box="[166,1338,1300,1324]" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<th id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B180FAE84AB92812" box="[166,416,1300,1324]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B3F6FAE848A62812" box="[720,959,1300,1324]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">25.0–49.0–75.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B553FAE84E232812" box="[1141,1338,1300,1324]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">45.0–61.0–80.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353F3495FFE6EC88B180FAC04E23286A" box="[166,1338,1340,1364]" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<th id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B180FAC04E23286A" box="[166,1338,1340,1364]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE6137CB180FAC04A79286A" bold="true" box="[166,352,1340,1364]" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Onychohexasters</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353F3495FFE6EC88B180FA994E232843" box="[166,1338,1381,1405]" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<th id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B180FA994AB92843" box="[166,416,1381,1405]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B3F6FA9948A62843" box="[720,959,1381,1405]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">48.0–60.0–68.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B553FA994E232843" box="[1141,1338,1381,1405]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">25.0–31.9–62.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353F3495FFE6EC88B180FA704E23289A" box="[166,1338,1420,1444]" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<th id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B180FA704E23289A" box="[166,1338,1420,1444]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE6137CB180FA704A21289A" bold="true" box="[166,312,1420,1444]" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Oxyhexasters</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353F3495FFE6EC88B180FA494E2328F3" box="[166,1338,1461,1485]" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<th id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B180FA494AB928F3" box="[166,416,1461,1485]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B3F6FA4948A628F3" box="[720,959,1461,1485]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">43.0–62.2–77.5 (N=14)</td>
|
||
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE6EC88B553FA494E2328F3" box="[1141,1338,1461,1485]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">52 (N=1)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE6137CB1E1FA014FEF2B99" blockId="11.[151,1437,1533,2028]" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
Pentactins asymmetrical, microspined, with tangential rays straight to curved and spines densely distributed along the rays; ends sometimes club-shaped to rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFE6137CB233F9DD48762B05" box="[789,879,1569,1595]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1716,1740]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,181,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[159,1428,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Megascleres of Dactylocalyx pumiceus (SEM). A, normal pentactin; B, asymmetrical hexactin with long, sinuous, filamentous rays; C, normal hexactin; D, heptactin. Insets: actin tips." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332317/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Longer tangential rays 58.0–148.9–390.0 µm in length and shorter tangential rays 30.0–98.0–220.0 µm in length; proximal ray 53.0–276.4–900.0 µm in length. All rays 2.5–3.2–6.3 µm thick. Some pentactins have very long, contorted rays, sometimes branching and forming long, sinuous silica filaments that may connect to the dtctyonalia (present only in MNRJ 21284;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFE6137CB5B4F9714FFE2B99" box="[1170,1255,1677,1703]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1716,1740]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,181,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[159,1428,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Megascleres of Dactylocalyx pumiceus (SEM). A, normal pentactin; B, asymmetrical hexactin with long, sinuous, filamentous rays; C, normal hexactin; D, heptactin. Insets: actin tips." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332317/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE6137CB1E1F94D4BCE2A65" blockId="11.[151,1437,1533,2028]" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
Hexactins asymmetrical, spined, with long, straight to curved rays, that may also branch forming long sinuous filaments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFE6137CB029F9294A712BD1" box="[271,360,1749,1775]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1716,1740]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,181,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[159,1428,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Megascleres of Dactylocalyx pumiceus (SEM). A, normal pentactin; B, asymmetrical hexactin with long, sinuous, filamentous rays; C, normal hexactin; D, heptactin. Insets: actin tips." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332317/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ends can be spherical to rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFE6137CB224F92948422BD1" box="[770,859,1749,1775]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1716,1740]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,181,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[159,1428,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Megascleres of Dactylocalyx pumiceus (SEM). A, normal pentactin; B, asymmetrical hexactin with long, sinuous, filamentous rays; C, normal hexactin; D, heptactin. Insets: actin tips." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332317/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Some spicules have seven actins (heptactins;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFE6137CB456F9294BA42A2D" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1716,1740]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,181,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[159,1428,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Megascleres of Dactylocalyx pumiceus (SEM). A, normal pentactin; B, asymmetrical hexactin with long, sinuous, filamentous rays; C, normal hexactin; D, heptactin. Insets: actin tips." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332317/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Longer tangential rays 73.0–175.8–600.0 µm in length; shorter tangential rays 23.0–111.8–360.0 µm long. Proximal ray 85.0–264.6–730.0 µm in length; distal ray 13.0–105.9–600.0 µm in length. All rays 2.5–3.8–10.0 µm thick.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE6137CB1E1F89949C92A9D" blockId="11.[151,1437,1533,2028]" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
Discohexasters abundant, with short spined primary rays branching in spined secondary rays that end up in umbrellas; diameter 25.0–55.0–80.0 µm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFE6137CB34FF87549DA2A9D" box="[617,707,1929,1955]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,237,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-50@13.[150,1437,237,1672]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Microscleres of Dactylocalyx pumiceus (SEM). A, discohexaster; B, onychohexaster; C–D, oxyhexasters. Insets: actin tips." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332319/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE6137CB1E1F8514F3E2AD5" blockId="11.[151,1437,1533,2028]" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">
|
||
Onychohexasters common, with short, spined primary rays branching on spined secondary rays that end up in anchors with two or three v-shaped teeth; diameter 25.0–45.9–68.0 µm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFE6137CB2E4F82D4F032AD5" box="[962,1050,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,237,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-50@13.[150,1437,237,1672]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Microscleres of Dactylocalyx pumiceus (SEM). A, discohexaster; B, onychohexaster; C–D, oxyhexasters. Insets: actin tips." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332319/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="116">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF70665FFFE1137BB1B1F94848492BCF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332317" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6332317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332317/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="117" startId="12.[151,250,1716,1740]" targetBox="[159,1428,181,1693]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE1137BB1B1F94848492BCF" blockId="12.[151,1436,1716,1777]" pageId="12" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE1137BB1B1F9484A0A2BF2" bold="true" box="[151,275,1716,1740]" pageId="12" pageNumber="117">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Megascleres of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE1137BB09CF94949EA2BF3" authority="(SEM)" baseAuthorityName="SEM" box="[442,755,1717,1741]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="117" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pumiceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE1137BB09CF94949BF2BF2" box="[442,678,1717,1741]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="117">Dactylocalyx pumiceus</emphasis>
|
||
(SEM)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, normal pentactin; B, asymmetrical hexactin with long, sinuous, filamentous rays; C, normal hexactin; D, heptactin. Insets: actin tips.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE1137BB1E1F8E348462A60" blockId="12.[151,1437,1823,2030]" pageId="12" pageNumber="117">
|
||
Oxyhexasters rare, with short microspined primary rays and long microspined secondary rays, terminating in acerate ends (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFE1137BB016F8BF4AB32A63" box="[304,426,1859,1885]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,237,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-50@13.[150,1437,237,1672]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Microscleres of Dactylocalyx pumiceus (SEM). A, discohexaster; B, onychohexaster; C–D, oxyhexasters. Insets: actin tips." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332319/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="117">Fig. 9C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
); diameter 43.0–62.0–78.0 µm (n=16).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE1137AB1E1F89A48F42DEB" blockId="12.[151,1437,1823,2030]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="12" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE1137BB1E1F89A49C02ABE" bold="true" box="[199,729,1894,1921]" pageId="12" pageNumber="117">Geographical and Bathymetric Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Atlantic Ocean:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187647FFE1137BB2B1F89B48EF2ABF" box="[919,1014,1895,1921]" name="Portugal" pageId="12" pageNumber="117">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE1137BB522F89B4FB82ABF" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[1028,1185,1895,1921]" pageId="12" pageNumber="117" pagination="1 - 97" refId="ref14695" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1886) Uber den Bau und das System der Hexactinelliden. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Physikalisch-Mathematische Classe, 1886, 1 - 97." type="journal article" year="1886">Schulze 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE1137BB58DF89B4FFA2ABF" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[1195,1251,1895,1921]" pageId="12" pageNumber="117" pagination="1 - 514" refId="ref14731" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1887) Report on the Hexactinellida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 21, 1 - 514." type="journal article" year="1887">1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE1137BB42FF89B4BFC2A9B" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1886" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="117" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="patella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE1137BB42FF89B4BFC2A9B" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="117">Dactylocalyx patella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187647FFE1137BB1DBF8774A7D2A9B" box="[253,356,1931,1957]" name="Bermuda" pageId="12" pageNumber="117">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE1137BB055F87749082A9B" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[371,529,1931,1957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="117" pagination="1 - 514" refId="ref14731" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1887) Report on the Hexactinellida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 21, 1 - 514." type="journal article" year="1887">Schulze 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF835FFE1137BB303F87749602A9B" box="[549,633,1931,1957]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="12" pageNumber="117">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187647FFE1137BB3A3F87749A22A9B" box="[645,699,1931,1957]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="117">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE1137BB3ECF87748702A9B" author="Schmidt, O." box="[714,873,1931,1957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="117" pagination="33 - 90" refId="ref14578" refString="Schmidt, O. (1880) Die Spongien des Meerbusen von Mexico (Und des caraibischen Meeres). Heft II. Abtheilung II. Hexactinelliden. Abtheilung III. Tetractinelliden. Monactinelliden und Anhang. Nachtrage zu Abtheilung I (Lithistide). In: Reports on the dredging under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico, by the USCSS ' Blake'. Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp. 33 - 90." type="book chapter" year="1880">Schmidt 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE1137BB2B6F8774F652A9B" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1880" box="[912,1148,1931,1957]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Diplacodium" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="117" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mixtum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE1137BB2B6F8774F652A9B" box="[912,1148,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="117">Diplacodium mixtum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187647FFE1137BB5B2F8774FD62A9B" box="[1172,1231,1931,1957]" name="Cuba" pageId="12" pageNumber="117">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE1137BB5F8F8774E642A9B" author="Schmidt, O." box="[1246,1405,1931,1957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="117" pagination="33 - 90" refId="ref14578" refString="Schmidt, O. (1880) Die Spongien des Meerbusen von Mexico (Und des caraibischen Meeres). Heft II. Abtheilung II. Hexactinelliden. Abtheilung III. Tetractinelliden. Monactinelliden und Anhang. Nachtrage zu Abtheilung I (Lithistide). In: Reports on the dredging under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico, by the USCSS ' Blake'. Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp. 33 - 90." type="book chapter" year="1880">Schmidt 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE1137BB1B1F8534A9D2AF7" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,388,1967,1993]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Diplacodium" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="117" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mixtum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE1137BB1B1F8534A9D2AF7" box="[151,388,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="117">Diplacodium mixtum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187647FFE1137BB0B8F85349112AF7" box="[414,520,1967,1993]" name="Barbados" pageId="12" pageNumber="117">Barbados</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE1137BB33EF85349C12AF7" author="Stutchbury, S." box="[536,728,1967,1993]" pageId="12" pageNumber="117" pagination="86 - 87" refId="ref14967" refString="Stutchbury, S. (1841) Description of a new sponge from Barbados. Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B, 9, 86 - 87." type="journal article" year="1841">Stutchbury 1841</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Schulze 1879;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE1137BB2B6F8534FCD2AF7" author="van Soest, R. & Stentoft, N." box="[912,1236,1967,1993]" pageId="12" pageNumber="117" pagination="1 - 175" refId="ref15353" refString="van Soest, R. & Stentoft, N. (1988) Barbados deepwater sponges. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 70 (215), 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1988">van Soest and Stentoft 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187647FFE1137BB47EF8534E852AF7" box="[1368,1436,1967,1993]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="117">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(new record), Southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187647FFE1137BB0F6F82F490D2AD3" box="[464,532,2003,2029]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="117">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE1137BB302F82F49F62AD0" author="Lopes, D. & Hajdu, E. & Reiswig, H." box="[548,751,2003,2030]" pageId="12" pageNumber="117" pagination="43 - 56" refId="ref13128" refString="Lopes, D., Hajdu, E. & Reiswig, H. (2005) Redescription of two Hexactinosida (Porifera, Hexactinellida) from the southwestern Atlantic, collected by Programme REVIZEE. Zootaxa, 1066 (1), 43 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1066.1.2" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Lopes
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE1137BB354F82849B22AD3" box="[626,683,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and Southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187647FFE1137BB287F82F48FC2AD3" box="[929,997,2003,2029]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="117">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE1137BB2D3F82F4E092AD3" author="Mothes-de-Moraes, B." box="[1013,1296,2003,2029]" pageId="12" pageNumber="117" pagination="41 - 49" refId="ref13372" refString="Mothes-de-Moraes, B. (1977) Ocorrencia de Dactylocalyx pumiceus Stutchbury, 1841, no litoral do Rio Grande do Sul (Porifera - Hexactinellida). Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 50, 41 - 49." type="journal article" year="1977">Mothes-de-Moraes 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), from
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B32FFE1137AB444F82F4BF52D8F" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="118" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0285" metricValueMax="1.966" metricValueMin="0.091" pageId="12" pageNumber="117" unit="m" value="1028.5" valueMax="1966.0" valueMin="91.0">91 to 1966 m</quantity>
|
||
depth. The present record in Northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187647FFE0137AB3BBFF6B49F82D8F" box="[669,737,151,177]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="118">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
fills part of the large gap between the southernmost Caribbean records and Southeastern Brazilian specimens, noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE0137AB236FF4748F12DEB" author="Lopes, D. & Hajdu, E. & Reiswig, H." box="[784,1000,186,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="118" pagination="43 - 56" refId="ref13128" refString="Lopes, D., Hajdu, E. & Reiswig, H. (2005) Redescription of two Hexactinosida (Porifera, Hexactinellida) from the southwestern Atlantic, collected by Programme REVIZEE. Zootaxa, 1066 (1), 43 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1066.1.2" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Lopes
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE0137AB27AFF47488D2DEB" box="[860,916,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="118">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF70665FFFE0137AB1B1F95C4BE32BE2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332319" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6332319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332319/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="118" startId="13.[151,250,1696,1720]" targetBox="[150,1437,237,1672]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE0137AB1B1F95C4BE32BE2" blockId="13.[151,1437,1696,1756]" pageId="13" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE0137AB1B1F95C4A0D2B86" bold="true" box="[151,276,1696,1720]" pageId="13" pageNumber="118">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Microscleres of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE0137AB0E4F95C49E42B87" authority="(SEM)" baseAuthorityName="SEM" box="[450,765,1696,1721]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pumiceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE0137AB0E4F95C49B62B86" box="[450,687,1696,1720]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="118">Dactylocalyx pumiceus</emphasis>
|
||
(SEM)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, discohexaster; B, onychohexaster; C–D, oxyhexasters. Insets: actin tips.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315655CFFE01379B1E1F8F74E152E2B" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="13" pageNumber="118" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE0137AB1E1F8F749282A77" blockId="13.[151,1437,1803,2009]" pageId="13" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE0137AB1E1F8F74A352A1B" bold="true" box="[199,300,1803,1829]" pageId="13" pageNumber="118">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
Polychaetes were found associated to the sponge, which was sampled on rocky outcrop and hard carbonate bottoms at
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B32FFE0137AB043F8D24AFD2A77" box="[357,484,1838,1865]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="118" unit="m" value="235.0" valueMax="260.0" valueMin="210.0">210–260 m</quantity>
|
||
depth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE01379B1E1F8AE49152C7F" blockId="13.[151,1437,1803,2009]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="13" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE0137AB1E1F8AE4AA62A53" bold="true" box="[199,447,1874,1901]" pageId="13" pageNumber="118">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE0137AB36EF8AF49C52A53" authorityName="Stutchbury" authorityYear="1841" box="[584,732,1875,1901]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE0137AB36EF8AF49C52A53" box="[584,732,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="118">Dactylocalyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains only two species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE0137AB53DF8AF4E3B2A52" box="[1051,1314,1875,1901]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pumiceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE0137AB53DF8AF4E3B2A52" box="[1051,1314,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="118">Dactylocalyx pumiceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187647FFE0137AB44DF8AF4BC12AAF" name="Barbados" pageId="13" pageNumber="118">Barbados</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE0137AB032F88B49572AAE" authority="Gray, 1867" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[276,590,1910,1937]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="subglobosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE0137AB032F88B4ADB2AAF" box="[276,450,1911,1937]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="118">D. subglobosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE0137AB0EAF88B49572AAE" author="Gray, J. E." box="[460,590,1910,1937]" pageId="13" pageNumber="118" pagination="492 - 558" refId="ref12027" refString="Gray, J. E. (1867) Notes on the arrangement of sponges, with the descriptions of some new genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867 (2), 492 - 558." type="journal article" year="1867">Gray, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, probably from the West Indies, exact location unknown (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE0137AB5CFF88B4E812AAF" author="Reiswig, H." box="[1257,1432,1911,1937]" pageId="13" pageNumber="118" pagination="1293 - 1300" refId="ref14148" refString="Reiswig, H. (2002 a) Family Dactylocalycidae. In: Hooper, J. & van Soest, R. (Eds.), Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, New York, pp. 1293 - 1300. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 134" type="book chapter" year="2002">Reiswig 2002a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE0137AB1B1F8674A9B2A8B" author="de Voogd, N. J. & Alvarez, B. & Boury-Esnault, N. & Carballo, J. L. & Cardenas, P. & Diaz, M. - C. & Dohrmann, M. & Downey, R. & Hajdu, E. & Hooper, J. & Kelly, M. & Klautau, M. & Manconi, R. & Morrow, C. C. & Pisera, A. B. & Rios, P. & Rutzler, K. & Schonberg, C. & Vacelet, J. & van Soest, R." box="[151,386,1947,1973]" pageId="13" pageNumber="118" refId="ref11335" refString="de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez, B. Boury-Esnault, N., Carballo, J. L., Cardenas, P., Diaz, M. - C., Dohrmann, M., Downey, R., Hajdu, E., Hooper, J., Kelly, M., Klautau, M., Manconi, R., Morrow, C. C., Pisera, A. B., Rios, P., Rutzler, K., Schonberg, C., Vacelet, J. & van Soest, R. (2021) World Porifera Database. Hyalonema Gray, 1832. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera / porifera. php? p = taxdetails & id = 132096 (accessed 26 August 2021)" type="url" year="2021">
|
||
de Voogd
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE0137AB02FF8674A5B2A8B" box="[265,322,1947,1973]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="118">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) They are very similar except by a pear-shaped body and two classes of discohexasters in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE0137AB4A7F8674A382AE7" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="subglobosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE0137AB4A7F8674A382AE7" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="118">D. subglobosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
versus one class in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE0137AB0DCF843499C2AE6" box="[506,645,1983,2008]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pumiceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE0137AB0DCF843499C2AE6" box="[506,645,1983,2008]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="118">D. pumiceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; onychohexasters, oxyhexasters, and irregular pentactins and hexactins with long, sinuous, filamentous rays are absent both in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE31379B3DBFF6B48B02D8F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[765,937,151,177]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="subglobosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE31379B3DBFF6B48B02D8F" box="[765,937,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="119">D. subglobosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in most specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE31379B5F7FF6B4E442D8E" box="[1233,1373,151,176]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pumiceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE31379B5F7FF6B4E442D8E" box="[1233,1373,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="119">D. pumiceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE31379B1B1FF474A082DEB" author="Gray, J. E." box="[151,273,187,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="119" pagination="492 - 558" refId="ref12027" refString="Gray, J. E. (1867) Notes on the arrangement of sponges, with the descriptions of some new genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867 (2), 492 - 558." type="journal article" year="1867">Gray 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Schulze 1877;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE31379B0E2FF4749532DEB" author="Sollas, W. J." box="[452,586,187,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="119" pagination="122 - 133" refId="ref14907" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1879) Observations on Dactylocalyx pumiceus (Stutchbury), with a description of a new variety, Dactylocalyx stutchburyi. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, 2, 122 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2818.1879. tb 01643. x" type="journal article" year="1879">Sollas 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE31379B370FF4748742DEB" author="Mothes-de-Moraes, B." box="[598,877,187,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="119" pagination="41 - 49" refId="ref13372" refString="Mothes-de-Moraes, B. (1977) Ocorrencia de Dactylocalyx pumiceus Stutchbury, 1841, no litoral do Rio Grande do Sul (Porifera - Hexactinellida). Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 50, 41 - 49." type="journal article" year="1977">Mothes-de-Moraes 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE31379B25FFF474F3D2DEB" author="Reiswig, H." box="[889,1060,187,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="119" pagination="1293 - 1300" refId="ref14148" refString="Reiswig, H. (2002 a) Family Dactylocalycidae. In: Hooper, J. & van Soest, R. (Eds.), Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, New York, pp. 1293 - 1300. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 134" type="book chapter" year="2002">Reiswig 2002a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE31379B509FF474FEC2DEB" author="Lopes, D. & Hajdu, E. & Reiswig, H." box="[1071,1269,186,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="119" pagination="43 - 56" refId="ref13128" refString="Lopes, D., Hajdu, E. & Reiswig, H. (2005) Redescription of two Hexactinosida (Porifera, Hexactinellida) from the southwestern Atlantic, collected by Programme REVIZEE. Zootaxa, 1066 (1), 43 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1066.1.2" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Lopes
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE31379B55DFF474FAA2DEB" box="[1147,1203,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="119">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE31379B426FF474BE12DC7" author="Tabachnick, K. & Menshenina, L. & Lopes, D. & Hajdu, E." pageId="14" pageNumber="119" pagination="1243 - 1250" refId="ref15136" refString="Tabachnick, K., Menshenina, L., Lopes, D. & Hajdu, E. (2009) Two new Hyalonema species (Hyalonematidae: Amphidiscosida) from eastern and south-eastern Brazil, and further Hexactinellida (Porifera) collected from seamounts off south-eastern Brazil by the RV Marion Dufresne MD 55 expedition. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 89, 1243 - 1250. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315409000253" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Tabachnick
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE31379B4AEFF474BAD2DC7" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="119">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Their status as two distinct species needs verification through revision of spicule variability in the many specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE31379B012FEFF4ADB2C22" box="[308,450,259,284]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pumiceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE31379B012FEFF4ADB2C22" box="[308,450,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="119">D. pumiceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that are deposited in zoological collections worldwide (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE31379B519FEFF4FF22C23" author="Reiswig, H." box="[1087,1259,259,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="119" pagination="1293 - 1300" refId="ref14148" refString="Reiswig, H. (2002 a) Family Dactylocalycidae. In: Hooper, J. & van Soest, R. (Eds.), Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, New York, pp. 1293 - 1300. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 134" type="book chapter" year="2002">Reiswig 2002a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and additional collections for molecular studies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE31379B1E1FEB74E152E2B" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="119">
|
||
The two populations studied here from Northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3187647FFE31379B3D2FEB748212C5B" box="[756,824,331,357]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="119">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
showed variations in body shape, color, substrate and abundance. Specimens sampled off
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF835FFE31379B308FE9349B92CB7" box="[558,672,367,393]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="14" pageNumber="119">Pará State</collectingRegion>
|
||
were white
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE31379B20BFE9348632CB6" box="[813,890,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="119">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
, large cup- to barrel-shaped, sparse, uncommon (only three individuals were observed), and fixed to the rocky substrate by a large portion of the base or side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFE31379B449FE6F4BC42CEF" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,381,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-94@9.[196,1391,381,1875]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. External morphology of Dactylocalyx pumiceus. A–E, living specimens in situ (A, B off Pará State, C–E off Maranhão State). Arrow in D points to a derelict fishing line threatening the sponge; F, fresh specimen onboard; G, detail of outer surface showing openings of tubules; H, fragment of specimen after fixation with long grooves (A, F, G: MNRJ 21299; C, H: MNRJ 21284; B, D, E: not collected). Photographs by F. Moraes (A–B), and R. Moura (C–E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332311/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="119">Fig. 6A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, off
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF835FFE31379B087FE4B494F2CEF" box="[417,598,439,465]" country="Brazil" name="Maranhao" pageId="14" pageNumber="119">Maranhão State</collectingRegion>
|
||
, specimens are cream to greenish-yellow in color, have lower cup- to funnel- or plate shape, are fixed on the substrate by a small area or a short peduncle, and are very abundant on hard substrates covered by a thin layer of carbonate sediments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFE31379B20EFE0348732F24" box="[808,874,511,538]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,381,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-94@9.[196,1391,381,1875]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. External morphology of Dactylocalyx pumiceus. A–E, living specimens in situ (A, B off Pará State, C–E off Maranhão State). Arrow in D points to a derelict fishing line threatening the sponge; F, fresh specimen onboard; G, detail of outer surface showing openings of tubules; H, fragment of specimen after fixation with long grooves (A, F, G: MNRJ 21299; C, H: MNRJ 21284; B, D, E: not collected). Photographs by F. Moraes (A–B), and R. Moura (C–E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332311/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="119">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
C-E). Irregular pentactins and hexactins with long filamentous rays and heptactins are present in MNRJ 21284 from off
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF835FFE31379B28AFDDF4F472F03" box="[940,1118,547,573]" country="Brazil" name="Maranhao" pageId="14" pageNumber="119">Maranhão State</collectingRegion>
|
||
and absent in MNRJ 21299 from off
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF835FFE31379B027FDBB4A612F5F" box="[257,376,583,609]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="14" pageNumber="119">Pará State</collectingRegion>
|
||
, but we cannot extrapolate these characteristics to the whole populations without additional collections. Together, these differences could indicate that our specimens belong to two distinct species, but we described them as conspecific because they fall within the range of variation reported for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE31379B546FD734FF52F96" box="[1120,1260,655,680]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pumiceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE31379B546FD734FF52F96" box="[1120,1260,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="119">D. pumiceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the literature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE31379B187FD4F4A302FF3" author="Sollas, W. J." box="[161,297,691,717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="119" pagination="122 - 133" refId="ref14907" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1879) Observations on Dactylocalyx pumiceus (Stutchbury), with a description of a new variety, Dactylocalyx stutchburyi. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, 2, 122 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2818.1879. tb 01643. x" type="journal article" year="1879">Sollas 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE31379B010FD4F49562FF3" author="Mothes-de-Moraes, B." box="[310,591,691,717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="119" pagination="41 - 49" refId="ref13372" refString="Mothes-de-Moraes, B. (1977) Ocorrencia de Dactylocalyx pumiceus Stutchbury, 1841, no litoral do Rio Grande do Sul (Porifera - Hexactinellida). Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 50, 41 - 49." type="journal article" year="1977">Mothes-de-Moraes 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE31379B37AFD4F48112FF3" author="Reiswig, H." box="[604,776,691,717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="119" pagination="1293 - 1300" refId="ref14148" refString="Reiswig, H. (2002 a) Family Dactylocalycidae. In: Hooper, J. & van Soest, R. (Eds.), Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, New York, pp. 1293 - 1300. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 134" type="book chapter" year="2002">Reiswig 2002a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE31379B233FD4F48F82FF3" author="Lopes, D. & Hajdu, E. & Reiswig, H." box="[789,993,690,717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="119" pagination="43 - 56" refId="ref13128" refString="Lopes, D., Hajdu, E. & Reiswig, H. (2005) Redescription of two Hexactinosida (Porifera, Hexactinellida) from the southwestern Atlantic, collected by Programme REVIZEE. Zootaxa, 1066 (1), 43 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1066.1.2" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Lopes
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE31379B244FD4F48852FF3" box="[866,924,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="119">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Additional collections are required to further investigate this issue. We agree with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE31379B3B3FD2B48482FCF" author="Reiswig, H." box="[661,849,727,753]" pageId="14" pageNumber="119" pagination="1293 - 1300" refId="ref14148" refString="Reiswig, H. (2002 a) Family Dactylocalycidae. In: Hooper, J. & van Soest, R. (Eds.), Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, New York, pp. 1293 - 1300. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 134" type="book chapter" year="2002">Reiswig (2002a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE31379B2ACFD2B4FBB2FCF" author="Tabachnick, K. & Menshenina, L. & Lopes, D. & Hajdu, E." box="[906,1186,727,753]" pageId="14" pageNumber="119" pagination="1243 - 1250" refId="ref15136" refString="Tabachnick, K., Menshenina, L., Lopes, D. & Hajdu, E. (2009) Two new Hyalonema species (Hyalonematidae: Amphidiscosida) from eastern and south-eastern Brazil, and further Hexactinellida (Porifera) collected from seamounts off south-eastern Brazil by the RV Marion Dufresne MD 55 expedition. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 89, 1243 - 1250. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315409000253" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Tabachnick
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE31379B532FD2B4F572FCF" box="[1044,1102,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="119">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that a comprehensive morphological revision of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE31379B0E7FD0749542E2A" box="[449,589,763,788]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pumiceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE31379B0E7FD0749542E2A" box="[449,589,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="119">D. pumiceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is greatly needed, preferably complemented with genetic data.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |