262 lines
24 KiB
XML
262 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFFFEFFE11646F8B6FABBF60B" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Platyrrhinus helleri" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="564" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="563" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>444</mods:start>
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<mods:end>583</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6761577" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6761577" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFFFEFFE11646F8B6FABBF60B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFFFEFFE11646F8B6FABBF60B" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="564" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">
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<subSubSection box="[1402,1482,1804,1854]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563" type="multiple">
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||
<paragraph blockId="79.[1398,2433,1804,1896]" box="[1402,1482,1804,1854]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">
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||
<heading box="[1402,1482,1804,1854]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">
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||
<figureCitation box="[1402,1482,1804,1854]" captionStart="Plate 43: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="79.[122,152,3291,3316]" captionTargetBox="[12,2757,15,3657]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="165. White-lined Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus lineatus), 166. Short-headed Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhainus brachycephalus), 167. Heller's Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus helleri), 168. Matapalo Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus matapalensis), 169. Recife Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus recifinus), 170. Guianan Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus guianensis), 171. Incan Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus incarum), 172. Slender Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus angustirostris), 173. Brown-bellied Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrriunus fuscrventris), 174. Alberico’s Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus albericoi), 175. Greater Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus vittatus), 176. Choco Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus chocoensis), 177. Thomas’s Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus dorsalis), 178. Bufty Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus infuscus), 179. Darien Broad-nosed Bat (Platyriunus aquilus), 180. Eldorado Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus aurarius), 181. Ismael’s Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus ismaeli), 182. Quechuan Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus masu), 183. Shadowy Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus umbratus), 184. Western Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhinus nitelinea), 185. Velvety Fruit-eating Bat (Enchisthenes hart), 186. Honduran White Bat (Ectophylla alba)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6459037/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">167.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[1499,2021,1804,1854]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="79.[1398,2433,1804,1896]" box="[1499,2021,1804,1854]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">
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||
<heading box="[1499,2021,1804,1854]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">
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<vernacularName box="[1499,2021,1804,1854]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">Heller's Broad-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2088,2431,1804,1854]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="79.[1398,2433,1804,1896]" box="[2088,2431,1804,1854]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">
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<heading box="[2088,2431,1804,1854]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[2088,2431,1804,1854]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Platyrrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="helleri">
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<emphasis box="[2088,2431,1804,1854]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">Platyrrhinus helleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1399,2415,1873,1894]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="79.[1398,2433,1804,1896]" box="[1399,2415,1873,1894]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">
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||
<heading box="[1399,2415,1873,1894]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1399,1474,1873,1894]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1483,1705,1873,1894]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">Sténoderme de Heller</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1725,1816,1873,1894]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1826,2109,1873,1894]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">Heller-Breitnasenfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2130,2221,1873,1894]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2231,2415,1873,1894]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">Platirrino de Heller</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="79" pageNumber="563" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="79.[2010,2606,1940,2368]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2011,2166,1940,1973]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Peters, 1866" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1866" box="[2187,2596,1940,1973]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="helleri">Vampyrops helleri Peters, 1866</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation box="[2012,2148,1979,2012]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">
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“
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<collectingCountry box="[2025,2129,1979,2012]" name="Mexico" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="79" pageNumber="563" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="79.[2010,2606,1940,2368]" box="[2012,2601,2019,2052]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">Prior to a phylogenetic review by P. M.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="79.[2010,2606,1940,2368]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">
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Velazco and colleagues in 2010, P. heller: included populations assigned to P. incarum and to two new species from northern South America:
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<taxonomicName box="[2313,2522,2177,2210]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Platyrrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustirostris">P. angustirostris</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry box="[2012,2151,2225,2250]" name="Colombia" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2168,2286,2225,2250]" name="Ecuador" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2303,2370,2225,2250]" name="Peru" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[2450,2597,2225,2250]" name="Venezuela" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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, and P. fusciventris from the Guianas,
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<collectingCountry name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2295,2376,2299,2328]" name="Brazil" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2404,2522,2299,2328]" name="Ecuador" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[2010,2157,2335,2368]" name="Venezuela" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="79" pageNumber="563" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458936" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458936/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="563" targetBox="[1396,1986,1948,2362]" targetPageId="79">
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<paragraph blockId="79.[1397,2604,2382,3196]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1398,1570,2382,2407]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">Distribution.</emphasis>
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From
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<collectingRegion box="[1662,1764,2382,2407]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
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and
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<collectingRegion box="[1830,1952,2382,2407]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
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in S
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<collectingCountry box="[2018,2120,2382,2407]" name="Mexico" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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, S (but excluding N
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<collectingRegion box="[2397,2507,2382,2407]" country="Mexico" name="Yucatan" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">Yucatan</collectingRegion>
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Peninsula) through Central America to W & N
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<collectingCountry box="[1958,2094,2422,2447]" name="Colombia" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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, NW & N
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<collectingCountry box="[2228,2372,2422,2447]" name="Venezuela" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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, and W
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<collectingCountry box="[2482,2598,2422,2447]" name="Ecuador" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="79" pageNumber="563" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="79.[1397,2604,2382,3196]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1398,1646,2457,2486]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 55-65 mm (tailless), ear 13-18 mm, hindfoot 9-13 mm, forearm 37-41 mm; weight 11-21 g. Heller's Broad-nosed Batis fairly small, with relatively narrow and broad rostrum. Upperparts are pale to dark brown; hairs are unicolored. Narrow but conspicuous brilliant white back stripe extends from crown to rump. Facial stripes are broad and white, distinct and extending just beyond front of ear; lower facial stripe is less prominent. Ventral pelage is gray; hairs are typically unicolored on abdomen but sometimes with paler tips. Heller's Broad-nosed Bat has more distinctive facial markings and is smaller in size than other species of
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<taxonomicName box="[2437,2598,2729,2762]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Platyrrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Platyrrhinus</taxonomicName>
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. Ears and noseleaf have cream or white edges, and tragusis short, triangular, and 25-33% oftotal length of ear. Proximal one-half of forearm is densely covered with short hair. Tail membrane is very short (3-5 mm), with distinct V-shape, and densely fringed with long whitish hairs. Upper surfaces of feet have long and moderately dense hair. Plagiopatagium attaches to metatarsal region similar to other stenodermatines. There is no tail. Upper incisors are unequal in size, convergent but not in contact. M' protocone is small and blunt. Twostylar cuspules occur on posterior cristid of P*. Only one stylid cuspulid occurs on anterior cristid of P,, but two occur on its posterior cristid.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="79" pageNumber="563" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="79.[1397,2604,2382,3196]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1398,1509,3088,3117]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Evergreen and semideciduous forests, forest edges, and fruit groves in lowlands up to elevations up to
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<quantity box="[1800,1902,3132,3157]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="79" pageNumber="563" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
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. In seasonally dry areas, Heller's Broad-nosed Bat 1s usually caught in mist nets set over or near streams.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459037" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6459037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6459037/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="563" startId="79.[122,152,3291,3316]" targetBox="[12,2757,15,3657]" targetPageId="78">
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<paragraph blockId="79.[121,2543,3291,3475]" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">
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On following pages: 168. Matapalo Broad-nosed Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[711,993,3291,3316]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Platyrrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matapalensis">Platyrrhinus matapalensis</taxonomicName>
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); 169. Recife Broad-nosed Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[1342,1573,3291,3316]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Platyrrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="recifinus">Platyrrhinus recifinus</taxonomicName>
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); 170. Guianan Broad-nosed Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[1942,2195,3291,3316]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Platyrrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">Platyrrhinus guianensis</taxonomicName>
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); 171. Incan Broad-nosed Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[129,258,3330,3355]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Platyrrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Platyrrhinus</taxonomicName>
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incarum); 172. Slender Broad-nosed Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[717,1003,3330,3355]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Platyrrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustirostris">Platyrrhinus angustirostris</taxonomicName>
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); 173. Brown-bellied Broad-nosed Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[1435,1564,3330,3355]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Platyrrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Platyrrhinus</taxonomicName>
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fusciventris); 174. Alberico’s Broad-nosed Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[2080,2209,3330,3355]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Platyrrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Platyrrhinus</taxonomicName>
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albericoi); 175. Greater Broad-nosed Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[247,464,3370,3395]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Platyrrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittatus">Platyrrhinus vittatus</taxonomicName>
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||
); 176.
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<collectingRegion box="[537,605,3370,3395]" country="Panama" name="Embera-Wounaan" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">Choco</collectingRegion>
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Broad-nosed Bat (
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||
<taxonomicName box="[813,1071,3370,3395]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Platyrrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chocoensis">Platyrrhinus chocoensis</taxonomicName>
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); 177. Thomas's Broad-nosed Bat (
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||
<taxonomicName box="[1448,1668,3370,3395]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Platyrrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">Platyrrhinus dorsalis</taxonomicName>
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||
); 178. Buffy Broad-nosed Bat (
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||
<taxonomicName box="[2007,2235,3370,3395]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Platyrrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infuscus">Platyrrhinus infuscus</taxonomicName>
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||
); 179.
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<collectingRegion box="[2312,2380,3370,3395]" country="Panama" name="Darien" pageId="79" pageNumber="563">Darien</collectingRegion>
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Broad-nosed Bat (
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||
<taxonomicName box="[172,387,3409,3434]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Platyrrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquilus">Platyrrhinus aquilus</taxonomicName>
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||
); 180. Eldorado Broad-nosed Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[764,987,3409,3434]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Platyrrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurarius">Platyrrhinus aurarius</taxonomicName>
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||
); 181. Ismael’'s Broad-nosed Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[1355,1569,3409,3434]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Platyrrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ismaeli">Platyrrhinus ismaeli</taxonomicName>
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); 182. Quechuan Broad-nosed Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[1962,2159,3409,3434]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Platyrrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="masu">Platyrrhinus masu</taxonomicName>
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); 183. Shadowy Broad-nosed Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[129,369,3449,3474]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Platyrrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="umbratus">Platyrrhinus umbratus</taxonomicName>
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); 184. Western Broad-nosed Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[743,972,3449,3474]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Platyrrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nitelinea">Platyrrhinus nitelinea</taxonomicName>
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); 185. Velvety Fruit-eating Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1313,1459,3449,3474]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Enchisthenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Enchisthenes</taxonomicName>
|
||
harti); 186. Honduran White Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1835,1999,3449,3474]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Ectophylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="569" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alba">Ectophylla alba</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="80" pageNumber="564" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="80.[182,1390,281,1104]" pageId="80" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[184,446,281,314]" pageId="80" pageNumber="564">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Heller's Broad-nosed Bat is strongly frugivorous, but it eats pollen, nectar, and insects (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[469,651,325,354]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Fruits of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[809,964,325,354]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Centropogon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="80" pageNumber="564" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Centropogon</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[986,1219,325,354]" family="Campanulaceae" pageId="80" pageNumber="564" rank="family">Campanulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="80" pageNumber="546" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Araceae">Anthurium (Araceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[347,451,364,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cecropia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="80" pageNumber="564" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cecropia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[474,631,364,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="80" pageNumber="564" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and banana (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[848,925,364,393]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" genus="Musa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="80" pageNumber="564" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Musa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[942,1080,364,393]" family="Musaceae" pageId="80" pageNumber="564" rank="family">Musaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are eaten. It was categorized as a canopy frugivore and eats fruits that grow on canopy and subcanopy trees. It is a fig (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[419,488,443,472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="80" pageNumber="564" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[506,644,443,472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="80" pageNumber="564" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) specialist; the most important species consumed is E insipida.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="80" pageNumber="564" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="80.[182,1390,281,1104]" pageId="80" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[184,318,518,551]" pageId="80" pageNumber="564">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Pregnant Heller's Broad-nosed Bats have been found mostly in March-August (depending on locality). Its reproductive pattern is considered bimodal polyestry. First birth period begins during second one-half of dry season (March-April), and second birth period begins in middle of wet season (July-August). Females usually have one young per pregnancy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="80" pageNumber="564" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="80.[182,1390,281,1104]" pageId="80" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[182,419,715,748]" pageId="80" pageNumber="564">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Heller’s Broad-nosed Batis probably active from late evening to c.1 hour before dawn. It roosts in small groups in caves, buildings, and tunnels and among foliage. It is known to build tents.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[184,1123,833,866]" pageId="80" pageNumber="564" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="80.[182,1390,281,1104]" box="[184,1123,833,866]" pageId="80" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[184,884,833,866]" pageId="80" pageNumber="564">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="80" pageNumber="564" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="80.[182,1390,281,1104]" pageId="80" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[184,538,873,906]" pageId="80" pageNumber="564">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Heller's Broad-nosed Bat is considered fairly common throughout its distribution (sometimes abundant in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[366,485,951,984]" name="Panama" pageId="80" pageNumber="564">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
). No specific threats have been identified.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="80" pageNumber="564" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="80.[182,1390,281,1104]" pageId="80" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[184,337,999,1024]" pageId="80" pageNumber="564">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Allen, H. (1891), Arroyo-Cabrales & Reid (2016), Bonaccorso (1979), Fenton & Kunz (1977), Fleming et al. (1972), Gardner (2008c), Goldman (1920), Hall & Kelson (1959), Howell & Burch (1974), Husson (1962), Owen (1987), Reid (2009), Simmons (2005), Velazco (2005), Velazco & Patterson (2008), Velazco et al. (2010).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |