207 lines
19 KiB
XML
207 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFFFDFFFD1689FE1EF843F990" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Vampyrodes caraccioli" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="560" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="560" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>444</mods:start>
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<mods:end>583</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760889" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6760889" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFFFDFFFD1689FE1EF843F990" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFFFDFFFD1689FE1EF843F990" lastPageNumber="560" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<subSubSection box="[1461,1540,420,466]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[1456,2656,420,508]" box="[1461,1540,420,466]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<heading box="[1461,1540,420,466]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<figureCitation box="[1461,1540,420,466]" captionStart="Plate 42: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="69.[132,162,3301,3326]" captionTargetBox="[19,2765,12,3653]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="143. Guadeloupean Big-eyed Bat (Charoderma tmprovisum), 144. Little Big-eyed Bat (Charoderma trinitatum), 145. Salvin’s Big-eyed Bat (Chiroderma salvini), 146. Hairy Big-eyed Bat (Chiroderma villosum), 147. Brazilian Big-eyed Bat (Chiroderma doriae), 148. Vizotto’s Big-eyed Bat (Chiroderma vizottoi), 149. Bidentate Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyriscus bidens), 150. Brock’s Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyriscus brocki), 151. Striped Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyriscus nymphaea), 152. Baker’s Tent-making Bat (Uroderma bakeri), 153. Common Tent-making Bat (Uroderma bilobatum), 154. Pacific Tent-making Bat (Uroderma convexum), 155. Davis’s Tent-making Bat (Uroderma dauvisi), 156. Brown Tent-making Bat (Uroderma magnirostrum), 157. Kalko’s Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa elisabethae), 158. Melissa’s Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa melissa), 159. Quechuan Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa sinchi), 160. Northern Little Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa thyone), 161. Southern Little Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa pusilla), 162. MacConnell’s Bat (Mesophylla macconnelli), 163. Caracciolo’s Stripe-faced Bat (Vampyrodes caraccioli), 164. Great Stripe-faced Bat (Vampyrodes major)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6459035/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">163.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1558,2152,420,466]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[1456,2656,420,508]" box="[1558,2152,420,466]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<heading box="[1558,2152,420,466]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<vernacularName box="[1558,2152,420,466]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Caracciolo’s Stripe-faced Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2207,2608,420,466]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[1456,2656,420,508]" box="[2207,2608,420,466]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<heading box="[2207,2608,420,466]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[2207,2608,420,466]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caraccioli">
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<emphasis box="[2207,2608,420,466]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Vampyrodes caraccioli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1457,2654,484,505]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[1456,2656,420,508]" box="[1457,2654,484,505]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<heading box="[1457,2654,484,505]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1457,1533,484,505]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1539,1794,484,505]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Vampyrode de Caracciolo</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1814,1905,484,505]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1914,2287,484,505]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Caracciolo-Streifengesichtfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2308,2399,484,505]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2406,2654,484,505]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Vampirode de Caracciolo</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="76" pageNumber="560" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[2068,2663,551,978]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2069,2224,551,584]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1889" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1889" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caracciolae">Vampyrops caracciolae Thomas, 1889</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation box="[2154,2308,590,623]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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“
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<collectingCountry box="[2168,2290,590,623]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
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.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="76" pageNumber="560" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[2068,2663,551,978]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<taxonomicName box="[2073,2371,629,662]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caraccioli">Vampyrodes caraccioli</taxonomicName>
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usually included
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<taxonomicName box="[2073,2180,669,702]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">V. major</taxonomicName>
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as a subspecies, but P. M. Velazco and N. B. Simmons in 2011 proved their distinction as valid species.
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<taxonomicName box="[2519,2663,748,781]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Vampyrodes</taxonomicName>
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ornatus (northern
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<collectingCountry box="[2336,2403,787,820]" name="Peru" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Peru</collectingCountry>
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) is a junior synonym. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="76" pageNumber="560" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458928" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458928/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" targetBox="[1454,2045,559,971]" targetPageId="76">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[2068,2663,551,978]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2068,2241,874,899]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Distribution.</emphasis>
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N & E
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<collectingCountry box="[2357,2493,874,899]" name="Colombia" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2510,2654,874,899]" name="Venezuela" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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, the Guianas,
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<collectingCountry box="[2249,2329,909,938]" name="Brazil" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, E
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<collectingCountry box="[2370,2486,909,938]" name="Ecuador" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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, E
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<collectingCountry box="[2527,2593,909,938]" name="Peru" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, and N
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<collectingCountry box="[2101,2195,945,978]" name="Bolivia" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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; also
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<collectingCountry box="[2271,2390,945,978]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
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and TobagoIs.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="76" pageNumber="560" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[1451,2662,984,3028]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1455,1712,984,1017]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 73-79 mm (tailless), ear 19-25 mm, hindfoot 12-19 mm, forearm 47-3-56 mm; weight 29-56 g. Caracciolo’s Stripe-faced Bat is rather large, with bright facial and dorsal stripes. Dorsal fur is pale brown to dark brown. Dorsal hairs are bicolored, with pale bases and dark tips. Wide, brilliant, white median dorsal stripe extends from between ears to rump. Ventral pelage is brownish; hairs are tricolored, with basal pale brownish band (70-80% of hair length), short dark brown subterminal band, and tiny pale brownish terminal band. Head has conspicuous white supraocular and subocular stripes, with entirely white individual hairs. Ears have yellowish bases and margins, and distal one-half is brown. Tragus is small, c¢.25% of ear length, and yellowish. Noseleafis simple, brown, and yellowish on edges of horseshoe and base of spear. Uropatagium is short (5-9 mm wide), with inverted U-shaped posterior margin and fringed with dense short hairs along trailing edge. Tail is absent. Rostrum is broad and slender. Notch on nasal region is small or absent. Postorbital processes are prominent. Palate is short, relatively narrow, and V-shaped at end. Sagittal crest is well developed. Weakly developed groove occurs between occipital condyle and paracondylar process. Mandible has prominent angular and coronoid processes. Mandibular condyle is well above tooth row. Dental formula species of
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<taxonomicName box="[2486,2630,1615,1648]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Vampyrodes</taxonomicName>
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is 12/2,C1/1,P2/2,M 2/3 (
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<date box="[1851,1886,1658,1687]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">x2</date>
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) = 30. I' are buccolingually compressed but broad and convergent, usually contacting at tip. No diastema occurs between maxillary and mandibular post-canine teeth. Cusp of P, is subequalin height with that of C,. M,is small, less than one-half the mesiodistal length of M, and M,. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30 and FN = 56, with ten pairs of metacentric or submetacentric and four pairs of subtelocentric autosomes. X-chromosome is subtelocentric, and Y-chromosome is submetacentric.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="76" pageNumber="560" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[1451,2662,984,3028]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1453,1565,1931,1964]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Humid lowland forests along northern and western margins of the Amazon Basin at elevations of 300-1000 m. In
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<collectingCountry box="[2018,2165,1974,2003]" name="Venezuela" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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, Caracciolo’s Stripe-faced Bat was caught predominantly in tropical and subtropical humid forest habitats, usually at elevations of less than
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<quantity box="[1756,1845,2049,2082]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
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but occasionally as high as
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<quantity box="[2254,2359,2049,2082]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
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. In Eastern
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<collectingCountry box="[2540,2622,2049,2082]" name="Brazil" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, it occurs in humid forests of the Atlantic rainforest. It is strongly associated with tropical evergreen forests with multiple strata and also is found in plantations and gardens.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="76" pageNumber="560" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[1451,2662,984,3028]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1453,1721,2168,2201]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Caracciolo’s Stripe-faced Batis frugivorous and reportedly feeds on at leastsix plant species representing three genera in two families:
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<taxonomicName box="[2435,2550,2207,2240]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Spondias" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Spondias</taxonomicName>
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mombin (
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<taxonomicName box="[1466,1674,2246,2279]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
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) and
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<taxonomicName box="[1764,1831,2246,2279]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
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insipida, F. obtusifolia, F. yoponensis,
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<taxonomicName box="[2334,2401,2246,2279]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
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sp., and
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<taxonomicName box="[2535,2660,2246,2279]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Poulsenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Poulsenia</taxonomicName>
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armata (all
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<taxonomicName box="[1610,1754,2289,2318]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
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). It also eats pollen and nectar.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="76" pageNumber="560" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[1451,2662,984,3028]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1452,1587,2325,2358]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Reproductive data from Caracciolo’s Stripe-faced Bat suggest possible seasonal polyestry; pregnant females have been captured in July and September—January. Lactating females have been captured in October. One young is born per pregnancy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="76" pageNumber="560" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[1451,2662,984,3028]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1451,1687,2443,2476]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Activity of Caracciolo’s Stripe-faced Bat might be similar to its sister species, the Great Stripe-faced Bat (V.
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<taxonomicName box="[1983,2060,2483,2516]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
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), which is more active in the first two hours after sunset and around midnight in
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<collectingCountry box="[1984,2098,2522,2555]" name="Panama" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Panama</collectingCountry>
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. Day roosts of Caracciolo’s Stripe-faced Bat include foliage, branches, and palm fronds where groups of 2—4 individuals have been recorded. Fruits are carried one at a time from a fruiting tree to a feeding night roost. Although sometimes caught in ground-level mist nets, it usually flies
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||
<quantity box="[2557,2612,2641,2674]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="560" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
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or more aboveground.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="76" pageNumber="560" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[1451,2662,984,3028]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1452,2148,2720,2753]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Caracciolo’s Stripe-faced Bat can be found roosting in small groups of adults and their young under foliage oftall trees, shrub branches, and palm leaves; leaves are not modified to form a tent.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="76" pageNumber="560" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[1451,2662,984,3028]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1452,1794,2838,2871]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The [UCN Red List. Caracciolo’s Stripe-faced Bat is widely distributed, seems tolerant ofvarious habitats, and is unlikely to be declining at a rate that would cause it to be classified in a threatened category.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="76" pageNumber="560" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[1451,2662,984,3028]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1452,1605,2965,2990]" pageId="76" pageNumber="560">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Baker (1979), Gardner (2008e), Goodwin & Greenhall (1961), Graham (1987), Handley (1976), Velazco & Simmons (2011), Willis et al. (1990).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
</treatment>
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||
</document> |