207 lines
18 KiB
XML
207 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFFF0FFF013B0F49BF661FA1F" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Sturnira lilium" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="549" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="549" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>444</mods:start>
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<mods:end>583</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760119" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6760119" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFFF0FFF013B0F49BF661FA1F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFFF0FFF013B0F49BF661FA1F" lastPageNumber="549" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">
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<subSubSection box="[140,219,2849,2891]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="65.[136,1159,2849,2931]" box="[140,219,2849,2891]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">
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<heading box="[140,219,2849,2891]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">
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<figureCitation box="[140,219,2849,2891]" captionStart="Plate 41: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="59.[123,153,3247,3272]" captionTargetBox="[22,2764,17,3653]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="119. Bidentate Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bidens), 120. Lesser Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira nana), 121. Arata-Thomas Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira aratathomasi), 122. Honduran Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira hondurensis), 123. Burton's Yellow-shouldered Bat (Stwrnira burtonlimi), 124. Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira ludovici), 125. Adriana’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira adrianae), 126. Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira oporaphilum), 127. Mistratoan Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira mistratensis), 128. Soriano’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira sorianoi), 129. Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira koopmanhilli), 130. Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira mordax), 131. Perla Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira perla), 132. Tilda’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira tildae), 133. Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira erythromos), 134. Bogota Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bogotensis), 135. Greater Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira magna), 136. Northern Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira parvidens), 137. Baker's Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bakeri), 138. Little Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira Lilium), 139. Gianna’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira giannae), 140. Dominica Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira angeli), 141. Paulson’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira paulsoni), 142. Luis’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira luisi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6459033/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">138.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[236,823,2849,2891]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="65.[136,1159,2849,2931]" box="[236,823,2849,2891]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">
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<heading box="[236,823,2849,2891]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">
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<vernacularName box="[236,823,2849,2891]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Little Yellow-shouldered Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[891,1159,2849,2891]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="65.[136,1159,2849,2931]" box="[891,1159,2849,2891]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">
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<heading box="[891,1159,2849,2891]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1810" box="[891,1159,2849,2891]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="549" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lilium">
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<emphasis box="[891,1159,2849,2891]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Sturnira lilium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[137,1153,2909,2930]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="65.[136,1159,2849,2931]" box="[137,1153,2909,2930]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">
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<heading box="[137,1153,2909,2930]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[137,212,2909,2930]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[221,412,2909,2930]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Sturnire fleurde-lys</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[434,524,2909,2930]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[534,859,2909,2930]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Kleinste Gelbschulterfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[880,971,2909,2930]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[981,1058,2909,2930]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Sturniro</vernacularName>
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pequeno
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="65" pageNumber="549" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="65.[750,1342,2975,3403]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[750,905,2975,3008]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810" authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1810" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Phyllostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="549" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lilium">Phyllostoma lilium E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation pageId="65" pageNumber="549">
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“
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<collectingCountry box="[1042,1174,3019,3048]" name="Paraguay" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
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.” Restricted by A. Cabrera in 1958 to
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<collectingRegion box="[1117,1253,3063,3088]" country="Paraguay" name="Asuncion" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Asuncion</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Paraguay" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="65" pageNumber="549" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="65.[750,1342,2975,3403]" lastBlockId="65.[1409,2619,289,2139]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">
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Description of S.
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<taxonomicName box="[1007,1082,3133,3166]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="549" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lilium">lilium</taxonomicName>
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was based on the “chauve-souris quatrieme ou chauvesouris brun-rougeatre” of F. d’Azara in 1801. By 2010, this taxonomic definition represented a species complex that is now recognized to have no less than five species. It also was confused with S.
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<taxonomicName box="[1217,1271,3370,3403]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="549" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luisi">luisi</taxonomicName>
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. Molecular and morphological analyses have solved many of these problems, with some geographical areas needing definitive delimitation among species
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<caption box="[1409,2464,289,322]" inLine="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="549" targetBox="[2429,2433,2114,2139]" targetPageId="65">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1409,1586,289,322]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Distribution.</emphasis>
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E & S
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<collectingCountry box="[1684,1765,289,322]" name="Brazil" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, E
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<collectingCountry box="[1810,1906,289,322]" name="Bolivia" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1922,2048,289,322]" name="Paraguay" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
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, NE
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<collectingCountry box="[2116,2260,289,322]" name="Argentina" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[2339,2460,289,322]" name="Uruguay" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
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.
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</caption>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="65.[1409,2619,289,2139]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1409,1657,332,361]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 50-74 mm (tailless), ear 11-18 mm, hindfoot 9-15 mm, forearm 39-46 mm; weight 14-26 g. The Little Yellow-shouldered Batis small and easily confused with the Northern Yellow-shouldered Bat (S.
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<taxonomicName box="[2237,2363,407,440]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="549" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvidens">parvidens</taxonomicName>
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) or Luis’s Yellowshouldered Bat (S.
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<taxonomicName box="[1696,1755,451,480]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="549" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luisi">luisi</taxonomicName>
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). Dorsal fur is short (4-6 mm between shoulders) and has three color morphs. In the reddish to orange-brown morph, hairs are pale yellowish for almost their entire lengths, with reddish tips; ventrally these individuals are pale orange. In the gray-brown morph, one-half the lengths of dorsal hairs is pale, ash, or dirty white, with dark gray brown tips; ventrally, these look uniform pale gray. In the pale morph, dorsal hairs are generally light ash, with shades of light gray-brown or an orange tinge; venteris light gray. Shoulders patches are deep yellow, orange, or dark red (most obvious in adult males), but they can be faint in some populations. Muzzle is blunt, forehead is rounded, and ears and noseleaf are short. Wing membranes are dark brown to almost blackish but can be paler. Forearm is thinly haired on dorsal surface. Dorsal surfaces of femur, tibia, and feet are densely covered with short hairs, as is free margin of tail membrane. Skull has globular braincase, with broad rostrum and well-developed sagittal crest. I' are unicuspidate, procumbent, and at least twice the height of I’, and I, and I, are tricuspidate and subequal in height. Lingual cusps (metaconid and entoconid) of M, and M, are well defined and separated by a deep notch. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30 and FN = 56, with subtelocentric Xchromosome (as “S.
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<taxonomicName box="[1704,1780,1083,1112]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="549" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lilium">Lilium</taxonomicName>
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” from south-eastern
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<collectingCountry box="[2075,2161,1083,1112]" name="Brazil" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="65" pageNumber="549" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="65.[1409,2619,289,2139]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1411,1522,1118,1151]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Brazilian Shield ecoregions of Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, Caatinga, and
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<collectingRegion box="[2528,2616,1118,1151]" country="Argentina" name="Chaco" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Chaco</collectingRegion>
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and also montane and pre-montane forests near the Andean region from lowlands up to elevations of ¢.
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<quantity box="[1658,1770,1197,1230]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="65" pageNumber="549" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
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. Little Yellow-shouldered Bats have been found roosting in caves, buildings, dense foliage, and hollow trees.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="65" pageNumber="549" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="65.[1409,2619,289,2139]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1411,1683,1276,1309]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Little Yellow-shouldered Bat is predominantly frugivorous, eating fruits of
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<taxonomicName box="[1635,1703,1315,1348]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="65" pageNumber="549" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Piper</taxonomicName>
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spp. (
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<taxonomicName box="[1794,1950,1315,1348]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="65" pageNumber="549" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Piperaceae</taxonomicName>
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) and
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<taxonomicName box="[2043,2157,1315,1348]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="65" pageNumber="549" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanum</taxonomicName>
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spp. (
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<taxonomicName box="[2250,2414,1315,1348]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="65" pageNumber="549" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
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), but it might include species of
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<taxonomicName box="[1671,1914,1359,1388]" family="Melastomataceae" pageId="65" pageNumber="549" rank="family">Melastomataceae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1930,2072,1359,1388]" family="Ulmaceae" pageId="65" pageNumber="549" rank="family">Ulmaceae</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName box="[2151,2295,1359,1388]" family="Rubiaceae" pageId="65" pageNumber="549" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
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and other small fruits. Its diet might also include pollen and nectar but only occasionally.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="65" pageNumber="549" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="65.[1409,2619,289,2139]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1411,1546,1434,1467]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Breeding.</emphasis>
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In south-eastern
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<collectingCountry box="[1807,1889,1434,1467]" name="Brazil" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, young Little Yellow-shouldered Bats were recorded in May-June, September, and November; pregnant females and subadults were observed in all months, suggesting breeding activity throughout the year. In northeastern
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<collectingCountry box="[1525,1667,1552,1585]" name="Argentina" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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and eastern
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<collectingCountry box="[1860,1986,1552,1585]" name="Paraguay" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
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, reproductive activity has been recorded in October-December, with most births by late November; lactating females were found in April. These observations suggest aseasonal polyestry with postpartum estrus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="65" pageNumber="549" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="65.[1409,2619,289,2139]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1410,1646,1671,1704]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Little Yellow-shouldered Bats are nocturnal. Most captures are from mist nets in lower strata (ground level). They are uncommon around urban areas.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="65" pageNumber="549" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="65.[1409,2619,289,2139]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1411,2130,1750,1783]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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The Little Yellow-shouldered Bat seems to be locally common at some specific areas and habitats (lowlands), with no significant differences in seasonal abundance throughout the year. There is some evidence of seasonal elevational migration in mountains of
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<collectingCountry box="[2209,2351,1868,1901]" name="Argentina" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry box="[2423,2506,1868,1901]" name="Brazil" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="65" pageNumber="549" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="65.[1409,2619,289,2139]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1412,1761,1908,1941]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Given current distribution and ecologicalflexibility of the Little Yellow-shouldered Bat,its conservation status appears stable.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="65" pageNumber="549" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="65.[1409,2619,289,2139]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1413,1565,2035,2060]" pageId="65" pageNumber="549">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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d/Azara (1801), Baker (1979), Barquez et al. (1999), Cabrera (1958), Gannon et al. (1989), Gardner (
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<quantity box="[1420,1488,2078,2099]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.008" pageId="65" pageNumber="549" unit="g" value="2008.0">2008g</quantity>
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), Giannini (1999), Godoy et al. (2014), Hernandez-Canchola & Ledn-Paniagua (2017), Sénchez-Hernandez & Romero-Almaraz (2003), Varella-Garcia et al. (1989), Velazco & Patterson (2013, 2014, 2017).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |