242 lines
22 KiB
XML
242 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFFECFFEF1643F9B0FBA4F0BF" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Artibeus phaeotis" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="578" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="577" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>444</mods:start>
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<mods:end>583</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6762016" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6762016" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFFECFFEF1643F9B0FBA4F0BF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFFECFFEF1643F9B0FBA4F0BF" lastPageId="94" lastPageNumber="578" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
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<subSubSection box="[1407,1489,1546,1596]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="93.[1405,2347,1546,1639]" box="[1407,1489,1546,1596]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
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<heading box="[1407,1489,1546,1596]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
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<figureCitation box="[1407,1489,1546,1596]" captionStart="Plate 44: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="87.[142,171,3248,3273]" captionTargetBox="[12,2759,16,3658]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="187. Brown Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus concolor), 188. Honduran Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus inopinatus), 189. Fraternal Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus fraterculus), 190. Hairy Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus hirsutus), 192. Ecuadorian Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus aequatorialis), 193. Jamaican Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus jamaicenss), 194. Dark Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus obscurus), 195. Schwartz’s Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus schwartzi), 196. Great Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus lLituratus), 197. Large Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus amplus), 198. Flat-faced Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus planirostris), 199. Rosenberg’s Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus rosenberg), 200. Thomas's Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus watsoni), 201. Toltec Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus toltecus), 202. Pygmy Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus phaeotis), 203. Gervais’s Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus cinereus), 204. Andersen’s Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus anderseni), 205. Little Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus ravus), 206. Aztec Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus aztecus), 207. Bogota Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus bogotensis), 208. Silvery Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus glaucus), 209. Dwarf Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus gnomus), 210. Jamaican Fig-eating Bat (Ariteus flavescens), 211. Tree Bat (Ardops nichollsi), 212. Red Fruit Bat (Stenoderma rufum), 213. Wrinkle-faced Bat (Centurio senex), 214. Ipanema Broad-nosed Bat (Pygoderma bilabiatum), 215. Visored Bat (Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum), 216. Little White-shouldered Bat (Ametrida centurio), 217. Cuban Fig-eating Bat (Phyllops falcatus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6459039/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">202.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1506,1977,1546,1596]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="93.[1405,2347,1546,1639]" box="[1506,1977,1546,1596]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
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<heading box="[1506,1977,1546,1596]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
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<vernacularName box="[1506,1977,1546,1596]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Pygmy Fruit-eating Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2044,2346,1546,1596]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="93.[1405,2347,1546,1639]" box="[2044,2346,1546,1596]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
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<heading box="[2044,2346,1546,1596]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="G.S. Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[2044,2346,1546,1596]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phaeotis">
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<emphasis box="[2044,2346,1546,1596]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Artibeus phaeotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1406,2274,1613,1634]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="93.[1405,2347,1546,1639]" box="[1406,2274,1613,1634]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
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<heading box="[1406,2274,1613,1634]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1406,1482,1613,1634]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1491,1690,1613,1634]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Dermanure pygmée</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1711,1802,1613,1634]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1811,1999,1613,1634]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Zwergfruchtvampir</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2020,2111,1613,1634]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2119,2191,1613,1634]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Artibeo</vernacularName>
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pigmeo
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="93" pageNumber="577" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="93.[2017,2612,1680,2108]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2017,2172,1680,1713]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="G. S. Miller, 1902" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Dermanura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phaeotis">Dermanura phaeotis G. S. Miller, 1902</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
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“Chichen Itza [= Chichén-Itzd],
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<collectingRegion country="Mexico" name="Yucatan" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Yucatan</collectingRegion>
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,”
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<collectingCountry box="[2123,2228,1763,1792]" name="Mexico" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="93" pageNumber="577" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="93.[2017,2612,1680,2108]" lastBlockId="93.[1403,2610,2114,3487]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
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<taxonomicName box="[2017,2218,1803,1832]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turpis">Artibeus turpis</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingRegion box="[2333,2444,1803,1832]" country="Mexico" name="Tabasco" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Tabasco</collectingRegion>
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(southern
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<collectingCountry box="[2017,2126,1846,1871]" name="Mexico" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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), described by RK. Andersen in 1906, 1s a junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName box="[2426,2603,1882,1911]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Dermanura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phaeotis">A. p. phaeotis</taxonomicName>
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. Considered in the genus
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<taxonomicName box="[2412,2559,1917,1950]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Dermanura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dermanura</taxonomicName>
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by some authors but reassigned to
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<taxonomicName box="[2505,2611,1956,1989]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Artibeus</taxonomicName>
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(subgenus
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<taxonomicName box="[2176,2324,2000,2029]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Dermanura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dermanura</taxonomicName>
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) after reinterpretation of molecular results. Some authors recognized A. ravus as a synonym of A.
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<taxonomicName box="[1441,1545,2114,2147]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Dermanura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phaeotis">phaeotis</taxonomicName>
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, but according to molecular evidence, they are considered different species. Three subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="93" pageNumber="577" type="synonymic_list">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458999" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458999/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" targetBox="[1401,1993,1690,2105]" targetPageId="93">
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<paragraph blockId="93.[1403,2610,2114,3487]" box="[1405,1805,2192,2225]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1405,1805,2192,2225]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="93.[1403,2610,2114,3487]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
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<taxonomicName authority="G. S. Miller, 1902" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1902" box="[1405,1821,2232,2265]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="phaeotis" subSpecies="phaeotis">A.p.phaeotisG.S.Miller,1902—E&SEMexico(fromVeracruztoYucatanPeninsula),NGuatemala,Belize,Honduras,ENicaragua,ECostaRica,PanamaandWColombia.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="93.[1403,2610,2114,3487]" box="[1404,2462,2310,2343]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
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<taxonomicName authority="K. Andersen, 1906" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1906" box="[1404,1824,2310,2343]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="phaeotis" subSpecies="nanus">A.p.nanusK.Andersen,1906—W&SWMexico(fromSinaloatoOaxaca).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="93.[1403,2610,2114,3487]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
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<taxonomicName authority="W. B. Davis, 1970" authorityName="W. B. Davis" authorityYear="1970" box="[1405,1838,2350,2383]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="phaeotis" subSpecies="palatinus">A. p. palatinus W. B. Davis, 1970</taxonomicName>
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— S
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<collectingCountry box="[1895,1997,2350,2383]" name="Mexico" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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(SW
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<collectingRegion box="[2075,2192,2350,2383]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
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), S
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<collectingCountry box="[2242,2395,2350,2383]" name="Guatemala" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
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, W
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<collectingCountry box="[2447,2603,2350,2383]" name="El Salvador" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
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, W
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<collectingCountry box="[1442,1587,2389,2422]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
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, and W
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<collectingCountry box="[1704,1852,2389,2422]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="93.[1403,2610,2114,3487]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
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Records from W
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<collectingCountry box="[1649,1768,2429,2462]" name="Ecuador" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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and N
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<collectingCountry box="[1878,1943,2429,2462]" name="Peru" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Peru</collectingCountry>
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are unverified; they could represent the Little Fruit-eating Bat (A. ravus), which was thought to be part of this taxon. Those from
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<collectingCountry box="[1403,1550,2508,2541]" name="Venezuela" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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, N
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<collectingCountry box="[1599,1680,2508,2541]" name="Brazil" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[1759,1865,2508,2541]" name="Guyana" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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probably represent misidentifications.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="93" pageNumber="577" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="93.[1403,2610,2114,3487]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1404,1652,2547,2580]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 51-60 mm (tailless), ear 14-18 mm, hindfoot 8-12 mm, forearm 35-2-41-8 mm; weight 8-15-6 g. Skull of the Pygmy Fruit-eating Batis small, with short and broad rostrum, and is characterized by high cranial dome. Dorsal fur is light pale brown or grayish, short (4-6 mm), faintly tricolored, and soft; it extends to base of forearm. Light brown ocular ring is present, with two well-marked white facial stripes. Ventralfur is slightly paler than dorsum. Noseleaf is thick and pointed compared with other species of Stenodermatinae. Ears are rounded, moderated in size, and brown and usually have conspicuous whitish or pale yellow tips. Tragus is pointed, with many lobes of different sizes on the outside, giving a serrated appearance. Fur covers more than one-half of each forearm. Wing membranes are black, except for second interdigital membrane that lacks pigmentation. Tail membrane is pale, moderated in size (9-11 mm), U-shaped, and almost completely naked. Dental formulais12/2,C1/1,P 2/2, M 2/2 (
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<date box="[1947,1982,3021,3054]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">x2</date>
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) = 28. Upper and lower molars are relatively small compared with other species of similarly sized
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<taxonomicName box="[2139,2245,3059,3092]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Artibeus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="93" pageNumber="577" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="93.[1403,2610,2114,3487]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1403,1514,3099,3132]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Seemingly associated with tropical deciduous forest, tropical rainforest, tropical dry forests, shrublands, and second growth forests and plantations (banana). The Pygmy Fruit-eating Bat might occur in dryareas (e.g.
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<collectingRegion box="[2155,2266,3183,3212]" country="Mexico" name="Yucatan" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Yucatan</collectingRegion>
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Peninsula), using tropical forest islands or “petenes” of coastal wetlands.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="93" pageNumber="577" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="93.[1403,2610,2114,3487]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1403,1665,3261,3290]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Pygmy Fruit-eating Bat is mainly frugivorous and occasionally eats insects and pollen. In dry forests of
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<collectingCountry box="[1973,2121,3296,3329]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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, eleven plants species are used for food and ten plant genera in
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<collectingCountry box="[1828,1941,3336,3369]" name="Panama" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Panama</collectingCountry>
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, including
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<taxonomicName box="[2105,2171,3336,3369]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
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spp. (
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<taxonomicName box="[2261,2406,3336,3369]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName box="[2436,2541,3336,3369]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cecropia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cecropia</taxonomicName>
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spp. (
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<taxonomicName box="[1416,1573,3375,3408]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
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), and
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<taxonomicName box="[1663,1778,3375,3408]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Spondias" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Spondias</taxonomicName>
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spp. (
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<taxonomicName box="[1864,2078,3375,3408]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="94" lastPageNumber="578" pageId="93" pageNumber="577" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="93.[1403,2610,2114,3487]" lastBlockId="94.[169,1378,296,769]" lastPageId="94" lastPageNumber="578" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1403,1537,3415,3448]" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Breeding pattern of the PygmyFruit-eating Bat has been characterized as bimodal polyestry. In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1680,1827,3454,3487]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="93" pageNumber="577">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, there is information of births at the end of dry seasons (April) and middle of rainy seasons (August-September). Females have one young per pregnancy. In the Yucatan Peninsula, breeding season occurs in rainy season.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="94" pageNumber="578" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="94.[169,1378,296,769]" pageId="94" pageNumber="578">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[169,405,375,408]" pageId="94" pageNumber="578">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Pygmy Fruit-eating Bat is nocturnal. It uses caves or tents made from leaves of bananas,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[510,632,423,448]" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" genus="Heliconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="94" pageNumber="578" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Heliconia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[653,861,423,448]" family="Heliconiaceae" pageId="94" pageNumber="578" rank="family">Heliconiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[887,1056,423,448]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Philodendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="94" pageNumber="578" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Philodendron</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1077,1197,423,448]" family="Araceae" pageId="94" pageNumber="578" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and palms. Long leaves are chewed along edge of midrib to form an “upturned boat” shape; fanshaped leaves are cut in a polygonal shape around their bases.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="94" pageNumber="578" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="94.[169,1378,296,769]" pageId="94" pageNumber="578">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[171,870,533,566]" pageId="94" pageNumber="578">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Pygmy Fruit-eating Bats roost alone or in small groups.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="94" pageNumber="578" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="94.[169,1378,296,769]" pageId="94" pageNumber="578">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[171,522,616,645]" pageId="94" pageNumber="578">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List (as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Dermanura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="578" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phaeotis">Dermanura phaeotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="94" pageNumber="578" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="94.[169,1378,296,769]" pageId="94" pageNumber="578">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[172,325,699,724]" pageId="94" pageNumber="578">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Andersen (1906b), Davis (1970a), LaVal & Rodriguez-Herrera (2002), Le6én & Montiel (2006), Miller et al. (2015c), Reid (2009), Rodriguez-Herrera et al. (2007), Timm (1985, 1987).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |