208 lines
18 KiB
XML
208 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFFA7FFA71392F674F862F6AE" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Phylloderma stenops Peters 1865" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="506" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="506" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place>
|
||
<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>444</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>583</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6726940" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6726940" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFFA7FFA71392F674F862F6AE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFFA7FFA71392F674F862F6AE" lastPageNumber="506" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[174,231,2510,2560]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[172,1081,2510,2602]" box="[174,231,2510,2560]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<heading box="[174,231,2510,2560]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[174,231,2510,2560]" captionStart="Plate 36: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="17.[137,167,3288,3313]" captionTargetBox="[23,2765,17,3655]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="24. Long-legged Bat (Macrophyllum macrophyllum), 25. Fringe-lipped Bat (Trachops cirrhosus), 26. Striped Hairy-nosed Bat (Gardnerycteris crenulatum), 27. Keenan's Hairy-nosed Bat (Gardnerycteris keenani), 28. Koepcke’s Hairy-nosed Bat (Gardnerycteris koepckeae), 29. Kalko’s Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma kalkoae), 30. Pygmy Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma brasiliense), 31. Carriker’s Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma carrikeri), 32. Schulz’s Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma schulzi), 33. Western Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma occidentale), 34. Davis's Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma evotis), 35. White-throated Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma silvicola), 36. Greater Round-eared Bat (Tonatia bidens), 37. Stripe-headed Round-eared Bat (Tonatia saurophila), 38. Pale-faced Bat (Phylloderma stenops), 39. Pale Spear-nosed Bat (Phyllostomus discolor), 40. Lesser Spear-nosed Bat (Phyllostomus elongatus), 41. Greater Spear-nosed Bat (Phyllostomus hastatus), 42. Guianan Spear-nosed Bat (Phyllostomus latifolius), 43. Woolly False Vampire Bat (Chrotopterus auritus), 44. Southern Golden Bat (Mimon bennettii), 45. Cozumelan Golden Bat (Mimon cozumelae), 46. Spectral Bat (Vampyrum spectrum)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458675" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458675/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">38.</figureCitation>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[248,542,2510,2560]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[172,1081,2510,2602]" box="[248,542,2510,2560]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<heading box="[248,542,2510,2560]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<vernacularName box="[248,542,2510,2560]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">Pale-faced Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[610,968,2510,2560]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[172,1081,2510,2602]" box="[610,968,2510,2560]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<heading box="[610,968,2510,2560]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1865" box="[610,968,2510,2560]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Phylloderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenops">
|
||
<emphasis box="[610,968,2510,2560]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">Phylloderma stenops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[173,1080,2578,2599]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[172,1081,2510,2602]" box="[173,1080,2578,2599]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<heading box="[173,1080,2578,2599]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[173,249,2578,2599]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[259,485,2578,2599]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">Phylloderme de Peters</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[506,596,2578,2599]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[606,794,2578,2599]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">Peters-Lanzennase</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[815,906,2578,2599]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[916,1013,2578,2599]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">Filoderma</vernacularName>
|
||
pélido
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="506" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[784,1379,2645,3072]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[785,938,2645,2678]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Peters, 1865" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1865" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Phyllostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenops" subGenus="Phylloderma">Phyllostoma (Phylloderma) stenops Peters, 1865</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation box="[969,1343,2693,2718]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">
|
||
“Cayenne,”
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1130,1339,2693,2718]" name="French Guiana" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="506" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[784,1379,2645,3072]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">
|
||
Widely used subspecific names boliviensis and septentrionalis have been changed for gender agreement. R. J. Baker and collaborators in 1988 included
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1193,1282,2842,2875]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Phylloderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenops">stenops</taxonomicName>
|
||
under
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[786,951,2882,2915]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Phyllostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Phyllostomus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but reanalysis placed it back as the sole species in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1113,1270,2921,2954]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Phylloderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Phylloderma</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Three subspecies recognized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="506" type="synonymic_list">
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458679" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458679" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458679/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="506" targetBox="[170,761,2654,3067]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[784,1379,2645,3072]" box="[786,1186,3000,3033]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[786,1186,3000,3033]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[784,1379,2645,3072]" lastBlockId="22.[172,1378,3082,3466]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Peters, 1865" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1865" box="[786,1103,3043,3072]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Phylloderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="stenops" subSpecies="stenops">P.s.stenopsPeters,1865—EColombia,Venezuela,theGuianas,EEcuador,EPeru,N&EBrazil,andNBolivia;alsoonTrinidadI.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[172,1378,3082,3466]" box="[173,851,3118,3151]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Barquez & Ojeda, 1979" authorityName="Barquez & Ojeda" authorityYear="1979" box="[173,687,3118,3151]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Phylloderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="stenops" subSpecies="boliviense">P.s.bolivienseBarquez&Ojeda,1979—EBolivia.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[172,1378,3082,3466]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="G. G. Goodwin, 1940" authorityName="G. G. Goodwin" authorityYear="1940" box="[173,692,3157,3190]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Phylloderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="stenops" subSpecies="septentrionale">P. s. septentrionale G. G. Goodwin, 1940</taxonomicName>
|
||
— from S
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[822,924,3157,3190]" name="Mexico" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[943,1068,3157,3190]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1136,1241,3157,3190]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
) through Central America to NW South America in W
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[808,947,3201,3230]" name="Colombia" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, W
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1001,1118,3201,3230]" name="Ecuador" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and NW
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1259,1327,3201,3230]" name="Peru" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="506" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[172,1378,3082,3466]" lastBlockId="22.[1447,2656,283,1261]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[172,412,3236,3269]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body 83-109 mm, tail 14-21 mm, ear 24-29 mm, hindfoot
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="22" pageNumber="506" unit="mm" value="21.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="18.0">18— 25 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm 66-81 mm; weight 25-39 g. The Pale-faced Bat is large and robust and externally can be confused with species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[752,909,3315,3348]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Phyllostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Phyllostomus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It has prominent chin and lip excrescences (but not like those found in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[733,845,3354,3387]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Trachops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Trachops</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and ears are triangular, with pointed tips; these and anterior part of face are almost naked. Noseleaf is wide at base, with pointed tip and horseshoe fused to upperlip below nostrils. Dorsal fur has short brown to reddish brown hairs, often marked with white flecks; ventral fur is usually paler, with grayish hairs, well frosted with pale tips. Wing membranes are blackish, with conspicuous white wingtips. One-half of forearm is hairy. Calcars are shorter or nearly equal to feet, and short tail reaches only one-half of uropatagium. Pale-faced Bats can be distinguished from species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Phyllostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Phyllostomus</taxonomicName>
|
||
by conspicuously expanded braincase, bifid I, three lower premolars (P, small), and narrow-crowned molars. Dental formulais12/2,C1/1,P2/3,M 3/3 (
|
||
<date box="[2465,2498,480,509]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">x2</date>
|
||
) = 34.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="506" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[1447,2656,283,1261]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1450,1556,516,549]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Variety of habitats, mostly lowland and humid formations, most commonly ever green or riparian forests, but also drier regions, such as dry and xeric shrublands, from sea level up to ¢.
|
||
<quantity box="[1676,1783,595,628]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="22" pageNumber="506" unit="m" value="1750.0">1750 m</quantity>
|
||
. Pale-faced Bats are strongly associated with multistrata tropical evergreen forests but are broadly tolerant of man-made clearings in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2378,2520,634,667]" name="Venezuela" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
. A few records come from highly transformed areas such as forest patches or agricultural clearings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="506" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[1447,2656,283,1261]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1450,1703,713,746]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Diet includes insects, with mainly beetles dominating diets in wet seasons; some fruits are also eaten. One individual caught in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2225,2364,760,785]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
had eaten fruit, especially those of cucurbit vines, and also
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1970,2144,800,825]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="22" pageNumber="506" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Annonaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2198,2276,800,825]" name="Brazil" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, another individual chewed its way into the nest of a social wasp, where it ate larvae and pupae. A Pale-faced Bat was collected while it was attacking a large rat, apparently a spiny-rat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2325,2460,870,903]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="22" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Proechimys</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2473,2638,870,903]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="22" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Echimyidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1450,1823,910,943]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[1447,2656,283,1261]" box="[1450,1823,910,943]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1450,1584,910,943]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="506" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[1447,2656,283,1261]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1448,1687,949,982]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Palefaced Bat is nocturnal; some studies suggest it leaves the roost shortly after sunset and often flies in groups. It appears to roost in hollow trees.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1450,2390,1028,1061]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[1447,2656,283,1261]" box="[1450,2390,1028,1061]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1450,2151,1028,1061]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="506" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[1447,2656,283,1261]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1450,1789,1075,1100]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The [UCNRed List, as it 1s considered locally rare, with few records from specific localities but with a broad distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="506" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[1447,2656,283,1261]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1450,1603,1154,1179]" pageId="22" pageNumber="506">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Baker, Dunn & Nelson (1988), Barquez & Ojeda (1979), Brito & Arguero (2012), Clarke & Downie (2001), Goodwin (1940), LaVal (1977), Reid (2009), Salas et al. (2014), Simmons (2005), Van Den Bussche & Baker (1993), Williams & Genoways (2008).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |