219 lines
17 KiB
XML
219 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFF99FF9816B1F8D8FE85F39B" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Lichonycteris degener G. S. Miller 1931" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="525" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="524" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>444</mods:start>
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<mods:end>583</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6727300" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6727300" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFF99FF9816B1F8D8FE85F39B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFF99FF9816B1F8D8FE85F39B" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="525" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">
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<subSubSection box="[1421,1478,1890,1936]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="40.[1419,2574,1890,2016]" box="[1421,1478,1890,1936]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">
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<heading box="[1421,1478,1890,1936]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">
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<figureCitation box="[1421,1478,1890,1936]" captionStart="Plate 38: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="35.[150,180,3330,3355]" captionTargetBox="[13,2757,14,3657]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="63. Tailed Tailless Bat (Anoura caudifer), 64. Ecuadorian Tailless Bat (Anowra aequatoris), 65. Cadena’s Tailless Bat (Anowra cadenai), 66. Tube-lipped Tailless Bat (Anoura fistulata), 67. Luis Manuel’s Tailless Bat (Anoura luismanueli), 68. Peruvian Tailless Bat (Anowra javier), 69. Handley’s Tailless Bat (Anoura cultrata), 70. Broad-toothed Tailless Bat (Anowra latidens), 71. Geoffroy’s Tailless Bat (Anoura geoffroy), 72. Tschudi’s Tailless Bat (Anoura peruana), 74. Godman’s Long-tailed Bat (Choeroniscus godmani), 75. Lesser Long-tailed Bat (Choeroniscus minor), 76. Greater Long-tailed Bat (Choeroniscus periosus), 77. Mexican Long-tongued Bat (Choeronycteris mexicana), 78. Capixaba Nectarfeeding Bat (Dryadonycteris capixaba), 79. Banana Bat (Musonycteris harrisoni), 80. Pale Brown Long-tongued Bat (Lichonycteris degener), 81. Dark Long-tongued Bat (Lichonycteris obscura), 82. Ega Long-tongued Bat (Scleronycteris ega)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458758/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">80.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[1495,2128,1890,1936]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="40.[1419,2574,1890,2016]" box="[1495,2128,1890,1936]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">
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<heading box="[1495,2128,1890,1936]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">
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<vernacularName box="[1495,2128,1890,1936]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Pale Brown Long-tongued Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2178,2573,1890,1936]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="40.[1419,2574,1890,2016]" box="[2178,2573,1890,1936]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">
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<heading box="[2178,2573,1890,1936]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">
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<taxonomicName authority="G. S. Miller, 1931" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1931" box="[2178,2573,1890,1936]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lichonycteris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="degener">
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<emphasis box="[2178,2573,1890,1936]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Lichonycteris degener</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="524" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="40.[1419,2574,1890,2016]" box="[1421,2526,1954,1975]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">
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<heading box="[1421,2526,1954,1975]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1421,1496,1954,1975]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1506,1726,1954,1975]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">
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Lichonyctére du
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<collectingCountry box="[1672,1726,1954,1975]" name="Brazil" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Brésil</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1747,1838,1954,1975]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1848,2197,1954,1975]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Hellbraune Langzungenfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2218,2309,1954,1975]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2319,2433,1954,1975]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Liconicterio</vernacularName>
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de
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<collectingCountry box="[2474,2526,1954,1975]" name="Brazil" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Brasil</collectingCountry>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="40.[1419,2574,1890,2016]" box="[1420,1955,1993,2014]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">
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<heading box="[1420,1955,1993,2014]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1420,1667,1993,2014]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1677,1955,1993,2014]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Pale Brown Long-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="524" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="40.[2030,2626,2062,2490]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2032,2188,2062,2095]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="G. S. Miller, 1931" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1931" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lichonycteris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="degener">Lichonycteris degener G. S. Miller, 1931</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation box="[2161,2432,2105,2134]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">
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“Para,” Parj,
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<collectingCountry box="[2346,2428,2105,2134]" name="Brazil" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="524" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="40.[2030,2626,2062,2490]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">
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Although based on a South American specimen, J. E. Hill in 1986 synonymized
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<taxonomicName box="[2032,2175,2219,2252]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lichonycteris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="degener">L. degener</taxonomicName>
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under
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<taxonomicName box="[2297,2440,2219,2252]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lichonycteris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura">Ll. obscura</taxonomicName>
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. Taxonomic changes suggested by T. A. Griffiths and A. L. Gardner in 2008 again differentiate
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<taxonomicName box="[2090,2229,2338,2371]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lichonycteris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura">L. obscura</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName box="[2330,2468,2338,2371]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lichonycteris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="degener">L. degener</taxonomicName>
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, based on cheekteeth morphology and distribution of
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<taxonomicName box="[2069,2201,2417,2450]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lichonycteris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="degener">L. degener</taxonomicName>
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east of the Andes. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="524" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458770" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458770" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458770/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="524" targetBox="[1416,2008,2067,2481]" targetPageId="40">
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<paragraph blockId="40.[2030,2626,2062,2490]" lastBlockId="40.[1413,2625,2503,3475]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2031,2207,2465,2490]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Recorded from E
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<collectingCountry box="[2478,2617,2465,2490]" name="Colombia" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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, N
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<collectingCountry box="[1449,1596,2503,2528]" name="Venezuela" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1612,1720,2503,2528]" name="Guyana" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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, French Guiana, N & E
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<collectingCountry box="[2058,2140,2503,2528]" name="Brazil" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, E
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<collectingCountry box="[2183,2301,2503,2528]" name="Ecuador" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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, E
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<collectingCountry box="[2345,2413,2503,2528]" name="Peru" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, and C
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<collectingCountry box="[2521,2617,2503,2528]" name="Bolivia" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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. Reported from
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<collectingCountry box="[1641,1778,2534,2567]" name="Suriname" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Suriname</collectingCountry>
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, but this could be a mistaken locality, probably a confusion between
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<collectingCountry box="[1546,1747,2577,2606]" name="Suriname" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Dutch Guiana</collectingCountry>
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and the Dutch Colony in E
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<collectingRegion box="[2157,2339,2577,2606]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2358,2439,2577,2606]" name="Brazil" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, considering travels made by the collector of the specimen.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="524" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="40.[1413,2625,2503,3475]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1417,1671,2652,2685]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 46-55 mm, tail 6-10 mm, ear 10-6 mm (from dried specimen), hindfoot 8:
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<quantity box="[1748,1839,2692,2725]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="524" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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, forearm 33-35 mm; weight 6-10 g. The Pale Brown Long-tongued Bat is small. Dorsum is blackish or dark brown, with clearly tricolored hairs having dark gray to black bases, whitish middles, and dark tips. Underparts are dark gray-brown,slightly paler than dorsum. Muzzle is slightly elongated; lower jaw extends just beyond upper jaw. Noseleaf is small (c.
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<quantity box="[2137,2220,2850,2883]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="524" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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tall). Tail is shorter than naked uropatagium. Wings attach to feet, near bases of toes. Dental formula for species of Lichonycterisis12/0,C1/1,P 2/3, M 2/2 (
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<date box="[2059,2094,2933,2962]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">x2</date>
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) = 26. Anteroposterior length of Cis about equalto or longer than anteroposterior length of P,; anteroposterior length of M, is equal to orless than 1-3 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="524" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="40.[1413,2625,2503,3475]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1416,1527,3048,3081]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Primary and secondary evergreen forests and savannas from lowlandsto elevations of ¢.
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<quantity box="[1548,1641,3085,3118]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="524" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="524" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="40.[1413,2625,2503,3475]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1415,1675,3127,3160]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Pale Brown Long-tongued Bat supposedly feeds on pollen and nectar and occasionally insects and small fruits as other species of
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<taxonomicName box="[2377,2541,3166,3199]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lichonycteris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lichonycteris</taxonomicName>
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. One individual was captured with unidentified grains of pollen on its hair.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="524" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="40.[1413,2625,2503,3475]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1415,1550,3245,3278]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Pregnant Pale Brown Long-tongued Bats have been captured in August (
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<collectingCountry box="[1428,1511,3287,3316]" name="Brazil" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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) and October (
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<collectingCountry box="[1735,1861,3287,3316]" name="Ecuador" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1413,1888,3322,3355]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="40.[1413,2625,2503,3475]" box="[1413,1888,3322,3355]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1413,1648,3322,3355]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1414,2355,3363,3396]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="40.[1413,2625,2503,3475]" box="[1414,2355,3363,3396]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1414,2116,3363,3396]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="525" pageId="40" pageNumber="524" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="40.[1413,2625,2503,3475]" lastBlockId="41.[144,1350,287,479]" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="525" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1415,1770,3403,3436]" pageId="40" pageNumber="524">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Not assessed on The IUCN Red List. The Pale Brown Longtongued Bat was recently separated from the Dark Long-tongued Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[2451,2605,3442,3475]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lichonycteris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura">M. obscura</taxonomicName>
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), which is classified as Least Concern. In
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<collectingCountry box="[724,805,287,320]" name="Brazil" pageId="41" pageNumber="525">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, the Pale Brown Long-tongued Bat is listed as data deficient. In general, it is rare in its known distribution.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="525" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="41.[144,1350,287,479]" pageId="41" pageNumber="525">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,300,374,399]" pageId="41" pageNumber="525">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Gardner (1977b), Griffiths & Gardner (2008a), Hill (1986a), Mantilla-Meluk, Jiménez-Ortega & Baker (2009b), Reid et al. (2000), Reis (1984), Reis & Peracchi (1987), Reis et al. (2017), Taddei &
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<collectingRegion box="[1208,1268,413,438]" country="Montserrat" name="Saint Peter" pageId="41" pageNumber="525">Pedro</collectingRegion>
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(1993), Zortéa et al. (1998).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |