210 lines
17 KiB
XML
210 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFF97FF971382F5ADF71BF46C" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Hylonycteris underwoodi Thomas 1903" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="522" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="522" updateTime="1657123119086" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place>
|
||
<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>444</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>583</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="196400454" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFF97FF971382F5ADF71BF46C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFF97FF971382F5ADF71BF46C" lastPageNumber="522" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="38.[187,1394,2413,2716]" box="[190,941,2583,2633]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<heading box="[190,941,2583,2633]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[190,246,2583,2633]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522" type="multiple">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[190,240,2583,2633]" captionStart="Plate 38: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="35.[150,180,3330,3355]" captionTargetBox="[13,2757,14,3657]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="63. Tailed Tailless Bat (Anoura caudifer), 64. Ecuadorian Tailless Bat (Anowra aequatoris), 65. Cadena’s Tailless Bat (Anowra cadenai), 66. Tube-lipped Tailless Bat (Anoura fistulata), 67. Luis Manuel’s Tailless Bat (Anoura luismanueli), 68. Peruvian Tailless Bat (Anowra javier), 69. Handley’s Tailless Bat (Anoura cultrata), 70. Broad-toothed Tailless Bat (Anowra latidens), 71. Geoffroy’s Tailless Bat (Anoura geoffroy), 72. Tschudi’s Tailless Bat (Anoura peruana), 74. Godman’s Long-tailed Bat (Choeroniscus godmani), 75. Lesser Long-tailed Bat (Choeroniscus minor), 76. Greater Long-tailed Bat (Choeroniscus periosus), 77. Mexican Long-tongued Bat (Choeronycteris mexicana), 78. Capixaba Nectarfeeding Bat (Dryadonycteris capixaba), 79. Banana Bat (Musonycteris harrisoni), 80. Pale Brown Long-tongued Bat (Lichonycteris degener), 81. Dark Long-tongued Bat (Lichonycteris obscura), 82. Ega Long-tongued Bat (Scleronycteris ega)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458758/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">73</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[264,941,2583,2633]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522" type="vernacular_names">Underwood’s Long-tongued Bat</subSubSection>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[189,644,2626,2672]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="38.[187,1394,2413,2716]" box="[189,644,2626,2672]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<heading box="[189,644,2626,2672]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1903" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" box="[189,644,2626,2672]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Hylonycteris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="underwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[189,644,2626,2672]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">Hylonycteris underwoodi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[188,1266,2692,2713]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="38.[187,1394,2413,2716]" box="[188,1266,2692,2713]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<heading box="[188,1266,2692,2713]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[188,260,2692,2713]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">French</emphasis>
|
||
: Hylonyctére d’Underwood /
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[558,645,2692,2713]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">German</emphasis>
|
||
: Underwood-Blattnase /
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[897,985,2692,2713]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">Spanish</emphasis>
|
||
: Hilonicterio de Underwood
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="38.[797,1392,2761,3188]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="522" type="reference_group">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[800,955,2761,2794]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1903" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Hylonycteris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="underwoodi">Hylonycteris underwood: Thomas, 1903</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3819564493" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">
|
||
“Rancho Redondo [San José],
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[801,949,2838,2871]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
.”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
"
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[805,1236,2878,2911]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522" type="discussion">Two subspecies are recognized.</subSubSection>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="522" type="synonymic_list">
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458748" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458748" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458748/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="522" targetBox="[183,777,2763,3183]" targetPageId="38">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="38.[797,1392,2761,3188]" box="[799,1200,2922,2951]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[799,1200,2922,2951]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="38.[797,1392,2761,3188]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1903" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" box="[800,1241,2958,2991]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Hylonycteris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="underwoodi" subSpecies="underwoodi">H. uw. underwoodi Thomas, 1903</taxonomicName>
|
||
— disjunct from 8S
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[922,1024,3002,3031]" name="Mexico" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1056,1182,3002,3031]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
) to E
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Guatemala" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
, S
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[910,995,3041,3070]" name="Belize" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and N & W
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1178,1320,3041,3070]" name="Honduras" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and from SE
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[922,1066,3080,3109]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
to W
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1149,1263,3080,3109]" name="Panama" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="38.[797,1392,2761,3188]" lastBlockId="38.[183,1392,3190,3466]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="C. J. Phillips & J. K. Jones, 1971" authorityName="C. J. Phillips & J. K. Jones" authorityYear="1971" box="[799,1385,3116,3149]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Hylonycteris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="underwoodi" subSpecies="minor">H. u. minor C. J. Phillips &J. K.Jones, 1971</taxonomicName>
|
||
— Pacific slope in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1074,1179,3155,3188]" name="Mexico" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, from
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1289,1390,3155,3188]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[241,334,3190,3223]" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
|
||
to S
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[407,513,3190,3223]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="38.[183,1392,3190,3466]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">
|
||
A.p. discontinuous distribution with gap in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[885,1028,3233,3266]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
might just reflect lack of data because Underwood's Long-tongued bat always occursat rather low densities and is therefore not very often captured.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="522" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="38.[183,1392,3190,3466]" lastBlockId="38.[1472,2687,286,1579]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[183,439,3346,3380]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body 48-60 mm, tail 3-10 mm, ear 9-13 mm, hindfoot 7-11 mm, forearm 31-5-36 mm; weight 6-5-8-5 g (adult, non-reproductive). Females are notably larger than males. Underwood’s Long-tongued Batis very small and delicate. Dorsal hairs are dark brown or blackish, faintly three-banded with bases dark gray, middles pale gray, and tips dark. Muzzle is greatly elongated and tapering, and lower jaw extends well beyond upper jaw. Noseleaf is short (3-4 mm) and narrow. Tail is present and shorter than naked uropatagium. Wing membranes attach to ankles. Underwood’s Long-tongued Batis characterized by absence of lower incisors and elongated snout that encloses long tongue. Dental formula is
|
||
<date box="[2386,2430,486,515]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">I 2</date>
|
||
/0, C 1/1, P 2/3, M 3/3 (
|
||
<date box="[1591,1625,518,551]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">x2</date>
|
||
) = 30. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 16 and FN = 24.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="522" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="38.[1472,2687,286,1579]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1479,1590,558,591]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Almost exclusively in vicinity of primary and older secondary forests, ranging from lowland rainforests at sea level up to cloud forests and higher to elevations of
|
||
<quantity box="[1479,1587,638,671]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6399999999999997" pageId="38" pageNumber="522" unit="m" value="2640.0">2640 m</quantity>
|
||
. In
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1650,1755,638,671]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Underwood’s Long-tongued Bats were captured in pine forests while visiting large flowers of a thistle (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2023,2128,675,708]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="38" pageNumber="522" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cirsium</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2189,2348,675,708]" family="Asteraceae" pageId="38" pageNumber="522" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="522" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="38.[1472,2687,286,1579]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1478,1743,716,749]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Underwood's Long-tongued Batis a nectar specialist and uses its long tongue to harvest nectar from a wide variety of flowers. It depends on year-round flower supply and visits flowers that occur in rather low densities scattered throughout forests. All individuals captured in north-eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2235,2383,834,867]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
throughoutthe year carried pollen and more than 80% of pollen from the hemi-epiphyte
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2470,2683,873,906]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Merinthopodium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="38" pageNumber="522" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Merinthopodium</taxonomicName>
|
||
neuranthum (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1659,1818,917,946]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="38" pageNumber="522" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and ¢.70% from canopy liana (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2283,2436,917,946]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Marcgravia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Marcgravia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Macgraviaceae); both flower over rather long periods. Underwood’s Long-tongued Bat very rarely feeds on small and particularly soft fruits, such as those of Conostegia xalapensis (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Melastomataceae" pageId="38" pageNumber="522" rank="family">Melastomataceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1630,1926,1029,1062]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Coussapoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="38" pageNumber="522" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oligocephala">Coussapoa oligocephala</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1946,2104,1029,1062]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="38" pageNumber="522" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="522" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="38.[1472,2687,286,1579]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1475,1610,1066,1099]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
In north-eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1869,2020,1069,1103]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Underwood’s Long-tongued batis bimodally polyestrous, with pregnant females found in January-April and August—-October. A female in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1616,1768,1146,1179]" name="Guatemala" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
had an enlarged uterus from a recent pregnancy in early March.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="522" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="38.[1472,2687,286,1579]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1473,1710,1189,1222]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Underwood’s Long-tongued Batis nocturnal. It often roosts under rotting fallen logs or among buttresses of fallen trees that offer more than one exit. It also roosts in caves or anthropogenic tunnels or culverts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="522" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="38.[1472,2687,286,1579]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1473,2198,1303,1340]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Underwood’s Long-tongued Bat never occurs at high densities. It roosts alone or in very small groups of 1-4 individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="522" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="38.[1472,2687,286,1579]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1473,1812,1382,1416]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List. Underwood’s Long-tongued Bat probably depends on forests that provide year-round sufficient supplies of flowers for nectar, so habitat loss could become a conservation concern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="522" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="38.[1472,2687,286,1579]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1473,1626,1509,1534]" pageId="38" pageNumber="522">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Castro-Luna & Sosa (2009), Jones & Homan (1974), McCarthy et al. (1993), Reid (2009), Simmons (2005), Tschapka (1998, 2004), Turcios-Casco & Medina-Fitoria (2019).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |