247 lines
22 KiB
XML
247 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFF82FF8516BFF412FC03F4A3" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Carollia subrufa" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="536" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="535" updateTime="1657123119086" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place>
|
||
<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>444</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>583</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="196400235" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFF82FF8516BFF412FC03F4A3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFF82FF8516BFF412FC03F4A3" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="536" pageId="51" pageNumber="535">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1411,1491,2984,3030]" pageId="51" pageNumber="535" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="51.[1406,2337,2984,3109]" box="[1411,1491,2984,3030]" pageId="51" pageNumber="535">
|
||
<heading box="[1411,1491,2984,3030]" pageId="51" pageNumber="535">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1411,1491,2984,3030]" captionStart="Plate 40: Phyl" captionStartId="51.[131,161,3360,3385]" captionTargetBox="[14,2758,14,3657]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="103. Ben Keith's Short-tailed Bat (Carollia benkeithi), 104. Chestnut Short-tailed Bat (Carollia castanea), 105. Gray Short-tailed Bat (Carollia subrufa), 106. Manu Short-tailed Bat (Carolia manu), 107. Sowell’s Short-tailed Bat (Carollia sowelli), 108. Silky Short-tailed Bat (Carollia brevicaudum), 109. Hernandez’s Short-tailed Bat (Carollia monohernandez), 110. Seba’s Short-tailed Bat (Carollia perspicillata), 111. Behn' ’ s Big-eared Bat (Glyphonycteris behnii), 112. Davies’s Big-eared Bat (Glyphonycteris daviesi), 113. Tricolored Big-eared Bat (Glyphonycteris sylvestris), 114. Niceforo’s Big-eared Bat (Trinycteris nicefori), 115. Least Big-eared Bat (Neonycteris pusilla), 116. Hairy Little Fruit Bat (Rhinmophylla alethina), 117. Fischer's Little Fruit Bat (Rhinophylla fischerae), 118. Dwarf Little Fruit Bat (Rhinophylla pumilio)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6459031/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="535">105.</figureCitation>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1509,1944,2984,3030]" pageId="51" pageNumber="535" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="51.[1406,2337,2984,3109]" box="[1509,1944,2984,3030]" pageId="51" pageNumber="535">
|
||
<heading box="[1509,1944,2984,3030]" pageId="51" pageNumber="535">
|
||
<vernacularName box="[1509,1944,2984,3030]" pageId="51" pageNumber="535">Gray Short-tailed Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1999,2304,2984,3030]" pageId="51" pageNumber="535" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="51.[1406,2337,2984,3109]" box="[1999,2304,2984,3030]" pageId="51" pageNumber="535">
|
||
<heading box="[1999,2304,2984,3030]" pageId="51" pageNumber="535">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hahn" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1999,2304,2984,3030]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Carollia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subrufa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1999,2304,2984,3030]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="535">Carollia subrufa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="51" pageNumber="535" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="51.[1406,2337,2984,3109]" box="[1408,2336,3048,3069]" pageId="51" pageNumber="535">
|
||
<heading box="[1408,2336,3048,3069]" pageId="51" pageNumber="535">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1408,1484,3048,3069]" pageId="51" pageNumber="535">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[1493,1655,3048,3069]" pageId="51" pageNumber="535">Carollia de Hahn</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1676,1767,3048,3069]" pageId="51" pageNumber="535">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[1777,2057,3048,3069]" pageId="51" pageNumber="535">Hahn-Kurzschwanzblattnase</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[2078,2169,3048,3069]" pageId="51" pageNumber="535">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[2178,2336,3048,3069]" pageId="51" pageNumber="535">Carolia de Hahn</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="51.[1406,2337,2984,3109]" box="[1407,1892,3088,3109]" pageId="51" pageNumber="535">
|
||
<heading box="[1407,1892,3088,3109]" pageId="51" pageNumber="535">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1407,1655,3088,3109]" pageId="51" pageNumber="535">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[1665,1892,3088,3109]" pageId="51" pageNumber="535">Hahn's Short-tailed Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="51.[1406,2615,3159,3274]" pageId="51" pageNumber="535">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="51" pageNumber="535" type="reference_group">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1407,1563,3159,3188]" pageId="51" pageNumber="535">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Hahn, 1905" authorityName="Hahn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1576,2033,3159,3188]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Hemiderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subrufum">Hemiderma subrufum Hahn, 1905</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3819564392" pageId="51" pageNumber="535">
|
||
“Santa Ifigenia [= Santa Efigenia],
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="51" pageNumber="535">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1470,1579,3197,3226]" name="Mexico" pageId="51" pageNumber="535">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
.”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1407,1770,3232,3265]" pageId="51" pageNumber="535" type="discussion">This species is monotypic.</subSubSection>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459031" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6459031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6459031/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="535" startId="51.[131,161,3360,3385]" targetBox="[14,2758,14,3657]" targetPageId="50">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="51.[130,2604,3360,3468]" pageId="51" pageNumber="535">
|
||
On following pages: 106. Manu Short-tailed Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[649,792,3360,3385]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Carollia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manu">Carollia manu</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 107. Sowell's Short-tailed Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1131,1207,3360,3385]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Carollia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Carollia</taxonomicName>
|
||
sowell); 108. Silky Short-tailed Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[309,517,3403,3424]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Carollia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perspicillata">Carollia perspicillata</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 111. Behn's Big-eared Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[817,1045,3403,3424]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="behnii">Glyphonycteris behnii</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 112. Davies's Big-eared Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1366,1523,3403,3424]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Glyphonycteris</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[138,329,3438,3463]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Trinycteris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nicefori">Trinycteris nicefori</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 115. Least Big-eared Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[621,821,3438,3463]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Neonycteris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusilla">Neonycteris pusilla</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 116. Hairy Little Fruit Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1113,1324,3438,3463]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Rhinophylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="539" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alethina">Rhinophylla alethina</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 117 Short-tailed Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1593,1670,3360,3385]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Carollia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Carollia</taxonomicName>
|
||
brevicaudum); 109. Hernandez's Short-tailed Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2203,2466,3360,3385]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Carollia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monohernandezi">Carollia monohernandezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 110. Seba’s davies); 113. Tricolored Big-eared Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1937,2200,3403,3424]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvestris">Glyphonycteris sylvestris</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 114. Niceforo’s Big-eared Bat. Fischer's Little Fruit Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1648,1874,3438,3463]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Rhinophylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fischerae">Rhinophylla fischerae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 118. Dwarf Little Fruit Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2175,2382,3438,3463]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Rhinophylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pumilio">Rhinophylla pumilio</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="536" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458821" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458821" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458821/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="536" targetBox="[167,758,280,695]" targetPageId="52">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="52.[782,1373,274,701]" pageId="52" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[782,958,274,307]" pageId="52" pageNumber="536">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Pacific slope from
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1227,1320,274,307]" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="52" pageNumber="536">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
|
||
(W
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[783,887,317,346]" name="Mexico" pageId="52" pageNumber="536">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
) to NW
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1009,1158,317,346]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="52" pageNumber="536">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="536" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="52.[782,1373,274,701]" lastBlockId="52.[165,1375,708,1767]" pageId="52" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[782,1032,352,385]" pageId="52" pageNumber="536">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body 56-78 mm, tail
|
||
<quantity box="[834,963,396,425]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="52" pageNumber="536" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="5.0">5—15 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ear 12-19 mm, hindfoot 10-15 mm, forearm 34-40 mm; weight
|
||
<quantity box="[1307,1366,436,465]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.8" pageId="52" pageNumber="536" unit="g" value="18.0">18 g</quantity>
|
||
. The Gray Short-tailed Bat is intermediate in size between the Chestnut Short-tailed Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[856,1011,554,583]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Carollia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="536" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="castanea">C. castanea</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and Seba’s Short-tailed Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[858,1064,593,622]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Carollia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perspicillata">C. perspicillata</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It has three dorsal bands, with short gray hair, but basal and intermediate bands are not clearly distinguished. Fur between shoulders is red-brown to dark brown. Forearms are generally hairless. Rostrum is short, and lower lip has central papillae surrounded by smaller warts in a V-shape. Skull is robust, and zygomatic arches are incomplete. Over the palate, half of the tooth row is divergent, and I, are clearly visible in the jaw.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="536" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="52.[165,1375,708,1767]" pageId="52" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[168,279,865,898]" pageId="52" pageNumber="536">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Dry, evergreen, pine-oak primary forests and also cultivated areas and secondary woodlands from sea level to elevations of ¢.
|
||
<quantity box="[826,936,905,938]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="52" pageNumber="536" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
|
||
. In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[993,1141,905,938]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="52" pageNumber="536">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the Gray Shorttailed Bat has been found in lowland dry forests. In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[909,1067,945,978]" name="El Salvador" pageId="52" pageNumber="536">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it has been found in hollow
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[275,342,988,1017]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Ceiba" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="52" pageNumber="536" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ceiba</taxonomicName>
|
||
pentandra (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[502,655,988,1017]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="52" pageNumber="536" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="536" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="52.[165,1375,708,1767]" pageId="52" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[168,429,1024,1057]" pageId="52" pageNumber="536">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Gray Short-tailed Bat is mainly frugivorous and nectarivorous, and it occasionally eats insects. It is reported to prefer fruits of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1098,1227,1063,1096]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Brosimum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="52" pageNumber="536" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Brosimum</taxonomicName>
|
||
alicastrum (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[181,326,1107,1136]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="52" pageNumber="536" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[357,462,1107,1136]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cecropia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="52" pageNumber="536" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cecropia</taxonomicName>
|
||
peltate (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[575,733,1107,1136]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="52" pageNumber="536" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[760,827,1107,1136]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="52" pageNumber="536" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
|
||
morazaniana and FE ovalis (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1211,1356,1107,1136]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="52" pageNumber="536" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[169,310,1142,1175]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Muntingiaceae" genus="Muntingia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="52" pageNumber="536" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Muntingia</taxonomicName>
|
||
calabura (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[455,672,1142,1175]" family="Muntingiaceae" pageId="52" pageNumber="536" rank="family">Muntingiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[700,768,1142,1175]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="52" pageNumber="536" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Piper</taxonomicName>
|
||
amalago and P. pseudofuligineum (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="52" pageNumber="536" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Piperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Mastichodendron sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[519,684,1182,1215]" family="Sapotaceae" pageId="52" pageNumber="536" rank="family">Sapotaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[776,861,1182,1215]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Vismia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="536" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vismia</taxonomicName>
|
||
baccifera (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[998,1196,1182,1215]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="536" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Hypericaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="536" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="52.[165,1375,708,1767]" pageId="52" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[168,302,1220,1253]" pageId="52" pageNumber="536">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Gray Short-tailed Bat seems to have a bimodal polyestrous reproductive cycle. Pregnant females were found in December—March andJuly—October. It is monotocous (one young at a time). In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[651,809,1300,1333]" name="El Salvador" pageId="52" pageNumber="536">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, juveniles have been reported in April, September, and October, and males with scrotal testes in January, March, August, and December. In Mexico, pregnant females have been reported in May.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="536" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="52.[165,1375,708,1767]" pageId="52" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[165,405,1418,1451]" pageId="52" pageNumber="536">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Gray Short-tailed Bat becomes active at the beginning of the night. It roosts in caves, hollow trees, and human structures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="536" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="52.[165,1375,708,1767]" pageId="52" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[167,866,1497,1530]" pageId="52" pageNumber="536">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Gray Short-tailed Bat is considered gregarious and shares roosts with Pallas’s Long-tongued Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1097,1360,1536,1569]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glossophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="536" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="soricina">Glossophaga soricina</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the Long-legged Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[544,925,1576,1609]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Macrophyllum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="536" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrophyllum">Macrophyllum macrophyllum</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Gray Short-tailed Bats are not present in caves with Seba’s Short-tailed Bats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[168,1218,1655,1688]" pageId="52" pageNumber="536" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="52.[165,1375,708,1767]" box="[168,1218,1655,1688]" pageId="52" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[168,517,1655,1688]" pageId="52" pageNumber="536">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Lust.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="536" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="52.[165,1375,708,1767]" pageId="52" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[168,321,1703,1728]" pageId="52" pageNumber="536">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bonaccorso & Gush (1987), Hahn (1905), LaVal & Rodriguez-Herrera (2002), Miller et al. (2015a), Ortega et al. (2008), Pine (1972), Starrett & de la Torre (1964), Tellez (2014b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |