491 lines
68 KiB
XML
491 lines
68 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="714A1F13C57E6934B0F6C955C1696554">A stomach plate to divide them all: a phylogenetic reassessment of the family Tritoniidae (Nudibranchia: Cladobranchia)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="24E4A9DE6589929D214CB5A86CAE2BDF">Silva, Felipe De Vasconcelos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3BEBF103D25323E731EA35EEB08B15E1">Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales; Universidad de Cádiz; Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI · MAR), Av. República Saharaui, s / n, Ap. 40. 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0F36CB7312993F338B78C12BEFBBE603" type="email">felipe.devasconcelos@uca.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="19B08ABC70241AD0857D6B51D61512A1">Pola, Marta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C4CE92BF5F3ED50EE4326497FFFFDDD6">Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Campus de Excelencia Internacional UAM + CSIC, C / Darwin, 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B48A6B44E65D74A9D9D45F79A7392A97">Cervera, Juan Lucas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="06CB3091C6096F7E47B8187E61B1BEB1">Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales; Universidad de Cádiz; Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI · MAR), Av. República Saharaui, s / n, Ap. 40. 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain & Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Universidad de Cádiz; Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI · MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui, s / n, Ap. 40. 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="20B35D1C548E5835C84E23EB6FDEBED9">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03A6878CFF826504F840FB60EAF8FC3C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8432411" ID-GBIF-Taxon="213768869" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8432411" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A6878CFF826504F840FB60EAF8FC3C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6878CFF826504F840FB60EAF8FC3C" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="464" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">
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<subSubSection id="C3156511FF826505F840FB60EA8EFB75" box="[1042,1257,1252,1279]" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB0369AFF826505F840FB60EA8EFB75" blockId="18.[1041,1259,1252,1310]" box="[1042,1257,1252,1279]" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF826505F840FB60EA8EFB75" ID-CoL="BG928" authority="Gray 1850" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[1042,1257,1252,1279]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF826505F840FB60EA8EFB75" bold="true" box="[1042,1257,1252,1279]" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">
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<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF826505F840FB60EA13FB74" bold="true" box="[1042,1140,1252,1279]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Candiella</emphasis>
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Gray 1850
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3156511FF826505F843FA87EA8CFA96" box="[1041,1259,1283,1310]" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB0369AFF826505F843FA87EA8CFA96" blockId="18.[1041,1259,1252,1310]" box="[1041,1259,1283,1310]" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">
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<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF826505F843FA87EA8CFA96" bold="true" box="[1041,1259,1283,1310]" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13342A1FFF826505F849FA87EA0EFA96" box="[1051,1129,1283,1309]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1533,1557]" captionTargetBox="[321,1281,144,1505]" captionTargetId="figure-116@12.[321,1281,144,1505]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 3. Representative species of genera of Tritoniidae (with exception of Paratritonia). A, Tritonia hombergii (MNCN15.05/93379) (Portaferry, Ireland); B, Candiella plebeia (MNCN15.05/93393) (Portaferry, Ireland); C, Tritoniopsis elegans (MB28-0045061) (Zavora, Mozambique); D, Tritonidoxa capensis (MNCN15.05/93399) (Scoưburg, South Africa); E, Tritoniella belli (Antarctica); F, Marianina rosea (French Polynesia); G, Myrella challengeriana comb.nov.(Bahía Camarones, Argentina); H, Tochuina gigantea (Agnew Pass, USA); I, Tritonicula khaleesi (MZUSP113165) (Fortaleza, Brazil); J, Marionia cucullata (Golfo Nuevo, Argentina); (K) Marioniopsis levis ‘1’ (MNHNC/ MB28-004895) (Nacala, Mozambique). Photo A and B, courtesy of B. Picton; photo C and K courtesy of Y.Tibiriça; photo D courtesy of V. Fraser; photo E courtesy of M. Caballer; photo F courtesy of G. Rouse; photo G and J, courtesy of N. Baưini; photo H courtesy of S. Thiebaud; photo I by F. Silva." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8432399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8432399/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Figs 3B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13342A1FFF826505F821FA87EAF6FA96" box="[1139,1169,1283,1309]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1528,1552]" captionTargetBox="[309,1263,147,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-134@13.[306,1266,144,1501]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs of radulae of analysed key species of Tritoniinae and Marioniinae subfam. nov.: A, tricuspid rachidian teeth and differentiated first lateral of Tritonia hombergii (ZMBN 83471); B, tricuspid rachidian teeth and differentiated first lateral with single accessory denticle (circled) of Candiella plebeia (MNCN15.05/93393); C, unicuspid rachidian teeth and undifferentiated first lateral of Tritoniopsis elegans (MNHNC/MB28-004506); D, tricuspid rachidian teeth and differentiated first lateral of Tritonidoxa capensis (MNCN15.05/93399); E, unicuspid rachidian teeth and undifferentiated first lateral of Tochuina gigantea (NHMD-115967); F, tricuspid rachidian teeth and differentiated first lateral with several accessory denticles (circled) of Tritonicula hamnerorum (MNCN15.05/93378); G, tricuspid rachidian teeth and differentiated first lateral of Marionia blainvillea (NHMD115968); Scale bars: A, D, E = 60 μm; B, C = 22 μm; F = 20 μm; G = 110 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8432401" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8432401/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">4B</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="13342A1FFF826505F8C9FA80EADEFA95" box="[1179,1209,1284,1310]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1262,1286]" captionTargetBox="[164,1437,147,1230]" captionTargetId="figure-262@14.[161,1441,144,1234]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Digestive system arrangements of analysed key species of Tritoniinae and Marioniinae subfam. nov., dorsal view: A, Tritonia hombergii (ZMBN 83471); B, Candiella plebeia (MNCN15.05/93393); C, Tritoniopsis flydis (GR7-DMC00040); D, Tritonidoxa capensis(MNCN15.05/93399); E, Tochuina gigantea (NHMD-115967); F, Tritonicula hamnerorum (MNCN15.05/93378); G, Marionia blainvillea (NHMD115968). Abbreviations:a, anus; aodg, anterior ODG complex; e, esophagus; i, intestine; odg, ovotestis-digestive gland complex; s, stomach; podg, posterior ODG complex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8432405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8432405/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">5B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13342A1FFF826505F891FA87EA87FA96" box="[1219,1248,1283,1309]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="15.[113,178,1771,1795]" captionTargetBox="[317,1256,144,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-8@15.[316,1256,144,1743]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 6. Reproductive system arrangements of analysed key species of Tritoniinae and Marioniinae subfam. nov., dorsal view:A, Tritonia hombergii (ZMBN 83471); B, Candiella plebeia (ZMBN 83471); C, Tritoniopsis flydis (GR7-DMC00040); D, Tritonidoxa capensis (MNCN15.05/93399); E, Tochuina gigantea (NHMD-115967); F, Tritonicula hamnerorum (MNCN15.05/93378); G, Marionia blainvillea (NHMD115968). Abbreviations: ag, albumen gland; am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; fo, female opening; fgm, female gland mass; hd, hermaphrodite duct; o, oviduct; p, penis; pp, prostatic portion; ps, penial sheath; v, vagina; vd, vas deferens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8432407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8432407/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">6B</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3156511FF826505FF6BFABEEBA4FAD9" box="[825,1475,1338,1362]" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB0369AFF826505FF6BFABEEBA4FAD9" blockId="18.[825,1475,1338,1362]" box="[825,1475,1338,1362]" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF826505FF6BFABEEA5FFAD9" ID-CoL="8cee864e-0735-412f-8280-a9691619247a" authority="Costa 1867" authorityName="Costa" authorityYear="1867" box="[825,1080,1338,1362]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Nemocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF826505FF6BFABEEDD9FAD9" box="[825,958,1338,1362]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Nemocephala</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B673CC7FF826505FF90FABEEA5FFAD9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4437580301" box="[962,1080,1338,1362]" collectorName="Rc. Accad. Sci." location="Costa" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pwani">
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<collectingRegion id="49CBF878FF826505FF90FABEED99FAD9" box="[962,1022,1338,1362]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Costa</collectingRegion>
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1867
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</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<collectorName id="26FA534CFF826505F812FABEEAB2FAD9" box="[1088,1237,1338,1362]" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Rc. Accad. Sci.</collectorName>
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fis. Mat. Napoli, 6: 137.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3156511FF826505FF6BFAF0EB5CFA20" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BB0369AFF826505FF6BFAF0EB5CFA20" blockId="18.[825,1474,1395,1451]" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">
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<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF826505FF6BFAF0EDDEFA00" box="[825,953,1396,1419]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">
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<typeStatus id="54B48838FF826505FF6BFAF0ED0EFA00" box="[825,873,1396,1419]" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF826505FF90FAF7EB21FA00" ID-CoL="3fdceb88-1bc3-48f6-87e2-4b515d578e27" authority="(G. Johnston 1828)" baseAuthorityName="G. Johnston" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[962,1350,1395,1419]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="plebeia">
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<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF826505FF90FAF7EA0AFA00" box="[962,1133,1395,1419]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Candiella plebeia</emphasis>
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(G. Johnston 1828)
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(=
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF826505F920FAF0EA5CFA20" ID-CoL="7TFDZ" authority="G. Johnston 1828" authorityName="G. Johnston" authorityYear="1828" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Tritonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="plebeia">
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||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF826505F920FAF0ED1AFA20" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Tritonia plebeia</emphasis>
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||
G. Johnston 1828
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</taxonomicName>
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||
), by original designation.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3156511FF826505FF6BFA49EBA4F9C9" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BB0369AFF826505FF6BFA49EBA4F9C9" blockId="18.[825,1475,1484,1602]" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">
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||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF826505FF6BFA49EDF8FA6F" box="[825,927,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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First lateral tooth with single accessory denticle. Oesophagus long, connected to stomach in lower right part of ODG complex. Prostatic portion of vas deferens conspicuous, located anterior to distal end of penial sheath. Ampulla U-shaped.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3156511FF826504FF6BF9E7EF45FD91" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="464" pageId="18" pageNumber="463" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB0369AFF826504FF6BF9E7ECD9FECE" blockId="18.[825,1475,1635,1973]" lastBlockId="19.[113,763,144,325]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="464" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">
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<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF826505FF6BF9E7EDDFF9F0" box="[825,952,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Morphology:</emphasis>
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Body slender, length up to
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(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A1FFF826505F967F9E7EB1BF9F0" box="[1333,1404,1635,1659]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1533,1557]" captionTargetBox="[321,1281,144,1505]" captionTargetId="figure-116@12.[321,1281,144,1505]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 3. Representative species of genera of Tritoniidae (with exception of Paratritonia). A, Tritonia hombergii (MNCN15.05/93379) (Portaferry, Ireland); B, Candiella plebeia (MNCN15.05/93393) (Portaferry, Ireland); C, Tritoniopsis elegans (MB28-0045061) (Zavora, Mozambique); D, Tritonidoxa capensis (MNCN15.05/93399) (Scoưburg, South Africa); E, Tritoniella belli (Antarctica); F, Marianina rosea (French Polynesia); G, Myrella challengeriana comb.nov.(Bahía Camarones, Argentina); H, Tochuina gigantea (Agnew Pass, USA); I, Tritonicula khaleesi (MZUSP113165) (Fortaleza, Brazil); J, Marionia cucullata (Golfo Nuevo, Argentina); (K) Marioniopsis levis ‘1’ (MNHNC/ MB28-004895) (Nacala, Mozambique). Photo A and B, courtesy of B. Picton; photo C and K courtesy of Y.Tibiriça; photo D courtesy of V. Fraser; photo E courtesy of M. Caballer; photo F courtesy of G. Rouse; photo G and J, courtesy of N. Baưini; photo H courtesy of S. Thiebaud; photo I by F. Silva." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8432399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8432399/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Oral veil narrow and entire. Four to eight simple velar processes, with the innermost ones oħen longer. Two to 16 pairs of arborescent gills with digitiform branches. Rachidian tooth tricuspid and smooth with a rectangular to quadrangular base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A1FFF826505F93BF965EBD6F972" box="[1385,1457,1761,1785]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1528,1552]" captionTargetBox="[309,1263,147,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-134@13.[306,1266,144,1501]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs of radulae of analysed key species of Tritoniinae and Marioniinae subfam. nov.: A, tricuspid rachidian teeth and differentiated first lateral of Tritonia hombergii (ZMBN 83471); B, tricuspid rachidian teeth and differentiated first lateral with single accessory denticle (circled) of Candiella plebeia (MNCN15.05/93393); C, unicuspid rachidian teeth and undifferentiated first lateral of Tritoniopsis elegans (MNHNC/MB28-004506); D, tricuspid rachidian teeth and differentiated first lateral of Tritonidoxa capensis (MNCN15.05/93399); E, unicuspid rachidian teeth and undifferentiated first lateral of Tochuina gigantea (NHMD-115967); F, tricuspid rachidian teeth and differentiated first lateral with several accessory denticles (circled) of Tritonicula hamnerorum (MNCN15.05/93378); G, tricuspid rachidian teeth and differentiated first lateral of Marionia blainvillea (NHMD115968); Scale bars: A, D, E = 60 μm; B, C = 22 μm; F = 20 μm; G = 110 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8432401" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8432401/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="463">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). First lateral tooth differentiated with a single sharp accessory denticle on the upper region. Moderate number of lateral teeth (about 10–50 per half row). Ratio jaw/body length: 0.03–0.15. Masticatory border of jaws denticulate, with medium-sized (up to 40 µm) denticles with conical bases and sharp cusps. Cuticular folds absent. Stomach oħen located at boưom right region of ODG complex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A1FFF836504FD4DFF14EF0FFF23" box="[287,360,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1262,1286]" captionTargetBox="[164,1437,147,1230]" captionTargetId="figure-262@14.[161,1441,144,1234]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Digestive system arrangements of analysed key species of Tritoniinae and Marioniinae subfam. nov., dorsal view: A, Tritonia hombergii (ZMBN 83471); B, Candiella plebeia (MNCN15.05/93393); C, Tritoniopsis flydis (GR7-DMC00040); D, Tritonidoxa capensis(MNCN15.05/93399); E, Tochuina gigantea (NHMD-115967); F, Tritonicula hamnerorum (MNCN15.05/93378); G, Marionia blainvillea (NHMD115968). Abbreviations:a, anus; aodg, anterior ODG complex; e, esophagus; i, intestine; odg, ovotestis-digestive gland complex; s, stomach; podg, posterior ODG complex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8432405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8432405/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gonopore at beginning of one-third of body length, near rhinophores. Anus and nephroproct slightly anterior to middle of body length. Vas deferens has a conspicuous thickened prostatic portion located anterior to distal end of penial sheath (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A1FFF836504FD18FE89EFF7FEAE" box="[330,400,269,293]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="15.[113,178,1771,1795]" captionTargetBox="[317,1256,144,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-8@15.[316,1256,144,1743]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 6. Reproductive system arrangements of analysed key species of Tritoniinae and Marioniinae subfam. nov., dorsal view:A, Tritonia hombergii (ZMBN 83471); B, Candiella plebeia (ZMBN 83471); C, Tritoniopsis flydis (GR7-DMC00040); D, Tritonidoxa capensis (MNCN15.05/93399); E, Tochuina gigantea (NHMD-115967); F, Tritonicula hamnerorum (MNCN15.05/93378); G, Marionia blainvillea (NHMD115968). Abbreviations: ag, albumen gland; am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; fo, female opening; fgm, female gland mass; hd, hermaphrodite duct; o, oviduct; p, penis; pp, prostatic portion; ps, penial sheath; v, vagina; vd, vas deferens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8432407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8432407/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Bursa copulatrix pyriform or oval. Penis flagelliform or conical. Ampulla U-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A1FFF836504FE35FEA9ECC9FECE" box="[615,686,301,325]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="15.[113,178,1771,1795]" captionTargetBox="[317,1256,144,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-8@15.[316,1256,144,1743]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 6. Reproductive system arrangements of analysed key species of Tritoniinae and Marioniinae subfam. nov., dorsal view:A, Tritonia hombergii (ZMBN 83471); B, Candiella plebeia (ZMBN 83471); C, Tritoniopsis flydis (GR7-DMC00040); D, Tritonidoxa capensis (MNCN15.05/93399); E, Tochuina gigantea (NHMD-115967); F, Tritonicula hamnerorum (MNCN15.05/93378); G, Marionia blainvillea (NHMD115968). Abbreviations: ag, albumen gland; am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; fo, female opening; fgm, female gland mass; hd, hermaphrodite duct; o, oviduct; p, penis; pp, prostatic portion; ps, penial sheath; v, vagina; vd, vas deferens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8432407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8432407/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0369AFF836504FC23FEE2EF45FD91" blockId="19.[113,763,357,539]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FC23FEE2EF51FEF5" box="[113,310,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Species composition:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FD10FEE1ECD6FEF5" authority="(Pruvot-Fol 1937)" authorityName="Silva & Pola & Cervera" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Pruvot-Fol" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[322,689,357,382]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cincta" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FD10FEE1EF8AFEF5" bold="true" box="[322,493,357,382]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Candiella cincta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B6BFF836504FDACFEE2ECC1FEF5" author="Pruvot-Fol A" box="[510,678,358,382]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" pagination="35 - 74" refId="ref27010" refString="Pruvot-Fol A. Etude des opisthobranches des cotes nord de la Mediterranee provenant en majeure partie de Banyuls avec adjonction d'echantillons recoltes a Villefranche ainsi que dans quelques autres localites. Archives du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 1937; 14: 35 - 74." type="journal article" year="1937">Pruvot-Fol 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FEE5FEE2EEC7FE16" bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24857F3FF836504FEE5FEE2EEC7FE16" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FCFCFE01EC16FE16" authority="(Doneddu et al. 2014)" authorityName="Silva & Pola & Cervera" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Silva & Pola & Cervera" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[174,625,389,413]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coralliumrubri" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FCFCFE01EF11FE16" bold="true" box="[174,374,389,413]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Ca. coralliumrubri</emphasis>
|
||
(Doneddu
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FDA4FE02EC44FE16" box="[502,547,389,413]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FE29FE01EC92FE16" bold="true" box="[635,757,389,413]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24857F3FF836504FE29FE01EC92FE16" box="[635,757,389,413]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FC23FE21EF07FE36" bold="true" box="[113,352,420,445]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FC23FE21EE83FE37" authorityName="Silva & Pola & Cervera" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Silva & Pola & Cervera" baseAuthorityYear="2023" box="[113,228,420,445]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Duvaucelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lineata" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FC23FE21EE83FE37" bold="true" box="[113,228,420,445]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Ca. lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24857F3FF836504FCB8FE21EF07FE36" box="[234,352,421,445]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FD39FE21EC13FE36" bold="true" box="[363,628,421,445]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FD39FE21EF9FFE36" authorityName="Silva & Pola & Cervera" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Deshayes" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[363,504,421,445]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="manicata" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FD39FE21EF9FFE36" bold="true" box="[363,504,421,445]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Ca. manicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24857F3FF836504FDACFE21EC13FE36" box="[510,628,421,445]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FE2DFE21EE8EFE57" bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FE2DFE21EC9CFE37" authorityName="Silva & Pola & Cervera" authorityYear="2023" box="[639,763,420,445]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Tritonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="odhneri" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FE2DFE21EC9CFE37" bold="true" box="[639,763,420,445]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Ca. odhneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24857F3FF836504FC23FE40EE8EFE57" box="[113,233,452,476]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FCA4FE40EF9BFE57" authority="Eliot 1906" authorityName="Eliot" authorityYear="1906" baseAuthorityName="Eliot" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[246,508,451,476]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pallescens" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FCA4FE40EFEEFE50" bold="true" box="[246,393,451,476]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Ca. pallescens</emphasis>
|
||
Eliot 1906
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FE51FE40EC1CFE57" bold="true" box="[515,635,452,476]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24857F3FF836504FE51FE40EC1CFE57" box="[515,635,452,476]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FED5FE40EC92FE57" authorityName="G. Johnston" authorityYear="1828" box="[647,757,452,476]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Tritonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="plebeia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FED5FE40EC92FE57" box="[647,757,452,476]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Ca. plebeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FC23FE67EF00FE70" bold="true" box="[113,359,483,507]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FC23FE67EE82FE70" authorityName="Silva & Pola & Cervera" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Haefelfinger" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[113,229,483,507]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="striata" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FC23FE67EE82FE70" bold="true" box="[113,229,483,507]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Ca. striata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24857F3FF836504FCBFFE67EF00FE70" box="[237,359,483,507]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FDF2FE67EEC2FD90" authority="Ortea and Moro 2009" authorityName="Ortea and Moro" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Ortea and Moro" baseAuthorityYear="2009" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="taliartensis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FDF2FE67EC24FE70" bold="true" box="[416,579,483,507]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Ca. taliartensis</emphasis>
|
||
Ortea and Moro 2009
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24857F3FF836504FCF9FD87EF45FD91" box="[171,290,515,539]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FCF9FD87EF7BFD90" bold="true" box="[171,284,515,539]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">comb. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3156511FF836504FC23FDB8EAF8FC3C" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0369AFF836504FC23FDB8EF82FB6E" blockId="19.[113,763,572,1974]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FC23FDB8EEA9FDDF" box="[113,206,572,596]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
We disagree with the taxonomic validity of the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FC23FDDFEEBAFDF8" authorityName="Risso" authorityYear="1826" box="[113,221,603,627]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Duvaucelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FC23FDDFEEBAFDF8" box="[113,221,603,627]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Duvaucelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B6BFF836504FD3FFDDFECB1FDF8" author="Korshunova T & Martynov A" box="[365,726,603,628]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" pagination="0242103" refId="ref25588" refString="Korshunova T, Martynov A. Consolidated data on the phylogeny and evolution of the family Tritoniidae (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) contribute to genera reassessment and clarify the taxonomic status of the neuroscience models Tritonia and Tochuina. PLoS One 2020; 15: e 0242103. hups: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0242103" type="journal article" year="2020">Korshunova and Martynov (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the maximum supported clade (PP = 1; BS = 100), which includes several Atlantic-Mediterranean plate-less tritoniids. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B48838FF836504FC23FD3EEEF9FD59" box="[113,158,698,722]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FCBCFD3DEC73FD5A" authority="Risso 1826" authorityName="Risso" authorityYear="1826" box="[238,532,697,721]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Duvaucelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FCBCFD3DEFC6FD5A" box="[238,417,697,721]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Duvaucelia gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
Risso 1826
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was synonymized with ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FC25FD5CEE85FD7B" authorityName="Risso" authorityYear="1826" box="[119,226,728,752]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Duvaucelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FC25FD5CEE85FD7B" box="[119,226,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Duvaucelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FCBDFD5DEF2EFD7B" authorityName="Silva & Pola & Cervera" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Deshayes" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[239,329,729,752]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="manicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FCBDFD5DEF2EFD7B" box="[239,329,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">manicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(originally ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FD94FD5DEC72FD7B" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1798" box="[454,533,729,752]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Tritonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FD94FD5DEC72FD7B" box="[454,533,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Tritonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FE70FD5DEC1BFD7B" authorityName="Silva & Pola & Cervera" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Deshayes" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[546,636,729,752]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="manicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FE70FD5DEC1BFD7B" box="[546,636,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">manicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B6BFF836504FEFFFD5DEE83FC9B" author="Pruvot-Fol A" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" pagination="35 - 74" refId="ref27010" refString="Pruvot-Fol A. Etude des opisthobranches des cotes nord de la Mediterranee provenant en majeure partie de Banyuls avec adjonction d'echantillons recoltes a Villefranche ainsi que dans quelques autres localites. Archives du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 1937; 14: 35 - 74." type="journal article" year="1937">Pruvot-Fol (1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
without further explanation. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B6BFF836504FE2CFD7CEEDCFCA4" author="Haefelfinger HR" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" pagination="61 - 76" refId="ref25370" refString="Haefelfinger HR. Remarques biologiques et systematiques au sujet de quelques Tritoniidae de la Mediterranee. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 1963; 70: 61 - 76." type="journal article" year="1963">Haefelfinger (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
pointed out that the original description of ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FED5FC9CECCBFCA4" box="[647,684,792,815]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Du.</emphasis>
|
||
’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FEE5FC93EC9DFCA4" authorityName="Risso" authorityYear="1826" box="[695,762,791,815]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Duvaucelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FEE5FC93EC9DFCA4" box="[695,762,791,815]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is different from any reported specimen of ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FE60FCB3EC30FCC5" box="[562,599,823,846]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Du.</emphasis>
|
||
’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FE31FCB3ECDAFCC5" authorityName="Silva & Pola & Cervera" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Deshayes" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[611,701,823,846]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="manicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FE31FCB3ECDAFCC5" box="[611,701,823,846]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">manicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FE83FCB3EC92FCC5" box="[721,757,823,846]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Du.</emphasis>
|
||
’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FC23FCD2EED3FCE5" authorityName="Risso" authorityYear="1826" box="[113,180,854,878]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Duvaucelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FC23FCD2EED3FCE5" box="[113,180,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is described as a yellowish slug, with light brown shading, olive gills and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B7FFF836504FD5BFCF1EF33FC06" box="[265,340,885,909]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
in size. Since
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B7FFF836504FDB8FCF1EC52FC06" box="[490,565,885,909]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
specimens of ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FE83FCF2EC92FC06" box="[721,757,886,909]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Du.</emphasis>
|
||
’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FC23FC11EEACFC27" authorityName="Silva & Pola & Cervera" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Deshayes" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[113,203,917,940]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="manicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FC23FC11EEACFC27" box="[113,203,917,940]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">manicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have never been found and the ambiguous description could fit many other species of sea slugs from the Mediterranean,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B6BFF836504FC23FC57EF5CFC60" author="Haefelfinger HR" box="[113,315,979,1003]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" pagination="61 - 76" refId="ref25370" refString="Haefelfinger HR. Remarques biologiques et systematiques au sujet de quelques Tritoniidae de la Mediterranee. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 1963; 70: 61 - 76." type="journal article" year="1963">Haefelfinger (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
hypothesized that the original description of ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FC25FC77EEFBFB81" box="[119,156,1011,1034]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Du.</emphasis>
|
||
’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FCF4FC77EF67FB81" authorityName="Silva & Pola & Cervera" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Deshayes" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[166,256,1011,1034]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="manicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FCF4FC77EF67FB81" box="[166,256,1011,1034]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">manicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was probably based on a juvenile of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FE22FC77EC93FB81" authorityName="Risso" authorityYear="1818" box="[624,756,1010,1034]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Marionia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="blainvillea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FE22FC77EC93FB81" box="[624,756,1010,1034]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">M. blainvillea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This theory was later agreed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B6BFF836504FDFFFB96EC92FBA1" author="Schmekel L & Portmann A" box="[429,757,1042,1066]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" pagination="1 - 410" refId="ref27453" refString="Schmekel L, Portmann A. Opisthobranchia des Miuelmeeres, Nudibranchia und Saccoglossa. Fauna e Flora del Golfo di Napoli 1982; 40: 1 - 410." type="journal article" year="1982">Schmekel and Portmann (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, although they did not formally synonymize these species. We agree with these authors that the original description of ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FEF7FBD5ECADFBE3" box="[677,714,1105,1128]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Du.</emphasis>
|
||
’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FE86FBD5EEF2FB03" authorityName="Risso" authorityYear="1826" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Duvaucelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FE86FBD5EEF2FB03" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not refer to a specimen of ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FD9CFBF5EF94FB03" box="[462,499,1137,1160]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Du.</emphasis>
|
||
’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FDA9FBF4EC32FB0C" authorityName="Silva & Pola & Cervera" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Deshayes" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[507,597,1136,1159]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="manicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FDA9FBF4EC32FB0C" box="[507,597,1136,1159]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">manicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and we propose the synonym of ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FD44FB14EF5DFB2C" box="[278,314,1168,1191]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Du.</emphasis>
|
||
’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FD11FB0BEFE1FB2C" authorityName="Risso" authorityYear="1826" box="[323,390,1167,1191]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Duvaucelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FD11FB0BEFE1FB2C" box="[323,390,1167,1191]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FDE9FB14EC5AFB2C" authorityName="Risso" authorityYear="1818" box="[443,573,1167,1191]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Marionia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="blainvillea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FDE9FB14EC5AFB2C" box="[443,573,1167,1191]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">M. blainvillea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
instead.Therefore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FC23FB2AEEBAFB4D" authorityName="Risso" authorityYear="1826" box="[113,221,1198,1222]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Duvaucelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FC23FB2AEEBAFB4D" box="[113,221,1198,1222]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Duvaucelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently not valid and the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FE69FB2AECFFFB4D" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[571,664,1198,1222]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FE69FB2AECFFFB4D" box="[571,664,1198,1222]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Candiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is revived based on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B48838FF836504FCA4FB4AEF44FB6D" box="[246,291,1230,1254]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FD27FB4AEFB8FB6D" authorityName="G. Johnston" authorityYear="1828" box="[373,479,1230,1254]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Tritonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="plebeia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FD27FB4AEFB8FB6D" box="[373,479,1230,1254]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Ca. plebeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0369AFF836504FCDFFB69ECD1F971" blockId="19.[113,763,572,1974]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">
|
||
Apart from the diagnostic synapomorphies,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FE6DFB69ECFDFA8E" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[575,666,1261,1285]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FE6DFB69ECFDFA8E" box="[575,666,1261,1285]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Candiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by small species (up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79B7FFF836504FDFAFA88EF94FAAE" box="[424,499,1292,1317]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" unit="mm" value="34.0">34 mm</quantity>
|
||
) with an entire oral veil, a smooth and tricuspid rachidian tooth and a moderate number of lateral teeth. The single accessory denticle in the upper part of the first lateral tooth was oħen broken in the specimens examined and may not be easily recognized. This character was previously mentioned only in the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FDACFA2DEC90FA4A" authority="(Tardy 1963)" baseAuthorityName="Tardy" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[510,759,1449,1473]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Tritonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="odhneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FDACFA2DEC0CFA4A" box="[510,619,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Ca. odhneri</emphasis>
|
||
(Tardy 1963)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, formerly ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FC82FA4CEF5EFA6B" authorityName="Risso" authorityYear="1826" box="[208,313,1480,1504]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Duvaucelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FC82FA4CEF5EFA6B" box="[208,313,1480,1504]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Duvaucelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FD10FA4CEC05FA6B" authority="(Ev. Marcus 1983)" baseAuthorityName="Ev. Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[322,610,1480,1504]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Duvaucelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nilsodhneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FD10FA4CEFCDFA6B" box="[322,426,1480,1504]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">nilsodhneri</emphasis>
|
||
(Ev.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B6BFF836504FD84FA4DEC30FA6B" author="Marcus Ev" box="[470,599,1480,1504]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" pagination="177 - 214" refId="ref25994" refString="Marcus Ev. The Western Atlantic Tritoniidae. Boletim de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo 1983; 6: 177 - 214." type="journal article" year="1983">Marcus 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whose original specific epithet is restored in this study, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FE5AFA6CEC16F98B" authorityName="Risso" authorityYear="1826" box="[520,625,1512,1536]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Duvaucelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FE5AFA6CEC16F98B" box="[520,625,1512,1536]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Duvaucelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FECDFA6CEC9DF98B" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[671,762,1512,1536]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FECDFA6CEC9DF98B" box="[671,762,1512,1536]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Candiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are no longer considered synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FDA6F98CEC26F994" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1798" box="[500,577,1544,1567]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Tritonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FDA6F98CEC26F994" box="[500,577,1544,1567]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Tritonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FE22F983EEFAF9B5" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FE22F983ECACF994" box="[624,715,1543,1567]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Candiella</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have medium-sized denticles with conical bases and sharp cusps on the masticatory border of the jaw. In the reproductive system, the exact location of the prostatic part varies from species to species, from the proximal end of the vas deferens to closer to (but never at) the distal end of the penis sheath. Despite the high value of the minimum
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FD0FF947EFEFF951" box="[349,392,1731,1754]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">COI</emphasis>
|
||
distance between species (Table 3),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FC23F966EEABF971" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[113,204,1762,1786]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FC23F966EEABF971" box="[113,204,1762,1786]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Candiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is predominantly morphologically homogeneous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0369AFF836504FCDFF886EBD4FD17" blockId="19.[113,763,572,1974]" lastBlockId="19.[810,1460,143,951]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">
|
||
Species for which no molecular data are available, namely the Atlantic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FD5EF8A5EFC7F8B2" authorityName="Eliot" authorityYear="1906" baseAuthorityName="Eliot" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[268,416,1825,1849]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pallescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FD5EF8A5EFC7F8B2" box="[268,416,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Ca. pallescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the Atlantic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FE06F8A5EC92F8B2" authorityName="Ortea and Moro" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Ortea and Moro" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[596,757,1825,1849]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="taliartensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FE06F8A5EC92F8B2" box="[596,757,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Ca. taliartensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the Mediterranean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FD01F8C5EC70F8D3" authorityName="Silva & Pola & Cervera" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Silva & Pola & Cervera" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[339,535,1856,1880]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coralliumrubri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FD01F8C5EC70F8D3" box="[339,535,1856,1880]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Ca. coralliumrubri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the AtlanticMediterranean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FD41F8E4EF1FF8FC" authorityName="Silva & Pola & Cervera" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Pruvot-Fol" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[275,376,1888,1911]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FD41F8E4EF1FF8FC" box="[275,376,1888,1911]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Ca. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FE60F8DBECF7F8FC" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[562,656,1887,1911]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FE60F8DBECF7F8FC" box="[562,656,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Candiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on their internal and external morphology, which consistently fit the proposed diagnosis. In particular,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FDADF81BEC05F83D" authorityName="Silva & Pola & Cervera" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Pruvot-Fol" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[511,610,1951,1974]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FDADF81BEC05F83D" box="[511,610,1951,1974]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Ca. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described as ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FFEFFF14EA6AFF2C" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1798" box="[957,1037,144,167]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Tritonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FFEFFF14EA6AFF2C" box="[957,1037,144,167]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Tritonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504F84CFF14EB43FF23" authority="(Pruvot-Fol 1937)" authorityName="Silva & Pola & Cervera" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Pruvot-Fol" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[1054,1316,143,168]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504F84CFF14EA30FF2C" box="[1054,1111,144,167]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">cincta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B6BFF836504F83EFF0BEB7EFF23" author="Pruvot-Fol A" box="[1132,1305,143,168]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" pagination="35 - 74" refId="ref27010" refString="Pruvot-Fol A. Etude des opisthobranches des cotes nord de la Mediterranee provenant en majeure partie de Banyuls avec adjonction d'echantillons recoltes a Villefranche ainsi que dans quelques autres localites. Archives du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 1937; 14: 35 - 74." type="journal article" year="1937">Pruvot-Fol 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and later included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FFDEFF34ED98FF4C" authorityName="Eliot" authorityYear="1905" box="[908,1023,176,199]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Tritoniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FFDEFF34ED98FF4C" box="[908,1023,176,199]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Tritoniopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the similarity of the radular formula, anus position and flagelliform penis with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504F89FFF4BEA63FE8D" authority="(Schmekel and Portmann 1982)" baseAuthorityName="Schmekel and Portmann" baseAuthorityYear="1982" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Tritoniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504F89FFF4BEB27FF6D" box="[1229,1344,207,230]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Tritoniopsis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B6BFF836504F902FF4AED9FFE8D" author="Schmekel L & Portmann A" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" pagination="1 - 410" refId="ref27453" refString="Schmekel L, Portmann A. Opisthobranchia des Miuelmeeres, Nudibranchia und Saccoglossa. Fauna e Flora del Golfo di Napoli 1982; 40: 1 - 410." type="journal article" year="1982">Schmekel and Portmann 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, we do not consider these characters to be consistent with our diagnosis for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504F95DFE8AEBE5FEAE" baseAuthorityName="Schmekel and Portmann" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[1295,1410,270,293]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Tritoniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504F95DFE8AEBE5FEAE" box="[1295,1410,270,293]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Tritoniopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: the rachidian tooth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FFA2FEA9EA2FFECF" authorityName="Silva & Pola & Cervera" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Pruvot-Fol" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[1008,1096,301,324]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FFA2FEA9EA2FFECF" box="[1008,1096,301,324]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">C. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is shaped as an arch, formed by a small plate with five to seven rounded, thin denticles, whereas other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FF3FFEEFEA53FE08" box="[877,1076,363,387]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FF3FFEEFED87FE09" box="[877,992,363,386]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Tritoniopsis</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a strong, unicuspid rachidian tooth with a long and sharp central cusp. As for the flagelliform penis and anus position, they are not exclusive to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504F944FE2EEBEEFE4A" baseAuthorityName="Schmekel and Portmann" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[1302,1417,426,449]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Tritoniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504F944FE2EEBEEFE4A" box="[1302,1417,426,449]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Tritoniopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and also occur in other tritoniids.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504F830FE4DEB65FE6B" authorityName="Silva & Pola & Cervera" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Pruvot-Fol" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[1122,1282,457,481]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504F830FE4DEB65FE6B" box="[1122,1282,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Candiella cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FF78FE6DEDFAFD8B" baseAuthorityName="Schmekel and Portmann" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[810,925,489,512]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Tritoniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FF78FE6DEDFAFD8B" box="[810,925,489,512]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Tritoniopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its external morphology: the species has only two pairs of gills and four pairs of oral veil processes of similar size, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FFD0FDA3ED92FDB5" baseAuthorityName="Schmekel and Portmann" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[898,1013,551,574]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Tritoniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FFD0FDA3ED92FDB5" box="[898,1013,551,574]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Tritoniopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has at least 14 pairs of gills and nine pairs of veil processes of varying size. Finally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504F8FFFDC2EB68FDD5" authorityName="Silva & Pola & Cervera" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Pruvot-Fol" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[1197,1295,582,606]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504F8FFFDC2EB68FDD5" box="[1197,1295,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Ca. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a U-shaped ampulla, and the conspicuous prostatic part is located anterior to the base of the penis sheath, which are characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504F91DFD01EBCAFD16" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[1359,1453,645,669]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504F91DFD01EBCAFD16" box="[1359,1453,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Candiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0369AFF836504FF14FD20EAF8FC3C" blockId="19.[810,1460,143,951]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">
|
||
Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504FFE1FD20EA01FD37" box="[947,1126,676,700]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504FFE1FD20EA76FD37" box="[947,1041,676,700]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Candiella</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occur from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318760AFF836504F90CFD20EBD4FD37" box="[1374,1459,676,700]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B6BFF836504FF67FD47EA2AFD50" author="Picton BE & Morrow CC" box="[821,1101,707,731]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" refId="ref26842" refString="Picton BE, Morrow CC. A field guide to the nudibranchs of the British Isles. London: Immel Publishing, 1994." type="book" year="1994">Picton and Morrow 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to the Atlantic coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318760AFF836504F924FD47ED0FFD70" name="South Africa" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B6BFF836504FF2AFD67EA0FFD70" author="Pola M & Gosliner TM" box="[888,1128,739,763]" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" pagination="931 - 941" refId="ref26866" refString="Pola M, Gosliner TM. The first molecular phylogeny of cladobranchian opisthobranchs (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Nudibranchia). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 2010; 56: 931 - 941." type="journal article" year="2010">Pola and Gosliner 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), our phylogenetic analyses suggest that the genus is distributed mainly in the Mediterranean. Notably, our phylogenetic, species delimitation and morphological analyses indicate a hidden diversity represented by the pseudocryptic speciation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D19FF836504F80DFCE4EA8FFCF3" authorityName="Silva & Pola & Cervera" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Deshayes" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[1119,1256,864,888]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tritoniidae" genus="Candiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="464" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="manicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEA88FF836504F80DFCE4EA8FFCF3" box="[1119,1256,864,888]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Ca. manicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forming a species complex of four distinct species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342A1FFF836504F8C2FCFBEAABFC1C" box="[1168,1228,895,919]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1719,1743]" captionTargetBox="[325,1278,148,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-6@10.[321,1281,144,1692]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 2. Bayesian phylogenetic tree based on the concatenated molecular data (COI + 16S + H3) of Tritoniidae (sensu Odhner 1963). Outgroup taxa are depicted in grey.Tritoniidae genera are independently coloured, and branches with several replicates for each species hypothesis were collapsed for clarity.Names in bold are species which sequences were generated for this study with the number of sequenced specimens showed in brackets. PP are shown right/top and BS leħ/boưom.Unsupported branches are not labelled. Green circles indicate maximum support by both analyses. Solid vertical bars indicate specimens grouped as species entities based on COI dataset. Empty vertical bars indicate the specimens grouped as species based on the 16S dataset." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8432395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8432395/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="464">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), which will be thoroughly investigated in future studies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |