166 lines
16 KiB
XML
166 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="7D6123909EF01ECD522126123C02994C" ID-CLB-Dataset="58517" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6514377" ID-GBIF-Dataset="58bf4faf-7498-4c12-bcb3-b6f085b58978" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-77-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6514377" IM.illustrations_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1635374545975" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2011" docId="03A087C4FFCDFFCDFA4FF6BBE511FDBD" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_2_Cervidae_0350.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Axis kuhlii" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="416" masterDocId="FF99FFBCFFC5FFC4FFCBFFB7E63DFFF9" masterDocTitle="Cervidae" masterLastPageNumber="443" masterPageNumber="350" pageNumber="415" updateTime="1699464900173" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="C9600627C26380EDC8E2558FC5923557" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E4786A4287DD5D43A64633FCF91493FC">
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<mods:title id="C3DC730F777A59A465C20CADDB7E6C01">Cervidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C6A074C23651A9ED767A910929765148" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AE5870EFC17460AB9146819B461EFD64">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F70BA9799523E96B9EE47D236E5EE8E9">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="F9E3423C42238972A21DFF9478245D16" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="51975CBB271F45828A1C858A374DD8CB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5541103064C35D37F33F9721C50E7880">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8044C18331FF300F991E3C81D997BE64">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="CAE12B832DE30ADE476C2D3845D2823A">2011</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="C3B82AFFF0FFB33956D7B640F2F36BB9" type="pubDate">2011-08-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="53017628569924D1CE34BE9B0CC8A938">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="2851290919BABE2C6A91F7191B33FC80">
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<mods:placeTerm id="8684BEC30045A53944BFE7EDBD1149A9">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="F357961AF8D115C6944BC29E4F235BC4">
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<mods:title id="CA6C2E4FE7594CD3125AE1BF49742BED">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="DB47BAA36909879BDA0FE07F8E8D663D">
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<mods:start id="1095EA5355C62FA3278A477E520CFDA5">350</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="C58D65611BEAB274BC104892ACBD9E34" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6514377</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EA54DAFE94AAD6C6784427992F3364D7" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-77-4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A087C4FFCDFFCDFA4FF6BBE511FDBD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6514639" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195657953" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6514639" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A087C4FFCDFFCDFA4FF6BBE511FDBD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A087C4FFCDFFCDFA4FF6BBE511FDBD" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="416" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCDFFCCFA4FF6BBE387F6CB" box="[1412,1466,2316,2354]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCFA4FF6BBE387F6CB" blockId="8.[1408,2265,2316,2396]" box="[1412,1466,2316,2354]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<heading id="D0FE81BEFFCDFFCCFA4FF6BBE387F6CB" box="[1412,1466,2316,2354]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<figureCitation id="13322A57FFCDFFCCFA4FF6BBE387F6CB" box="[1412,1466,2316,2354]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="8.[137,169,3395,3416]" captionTargetBox="[13,2763,16,3636]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="On followıng pages 16 Calamıan Deer (Axıs calamıanensıs) 17 Common Fallow Deer (Dama dama) 18 Persnun Fallow Deer (Dama mesopotamıca) 19 Sambar (Rusa unıoolon 20 Javan Deer (Rusa tlmoœnsls). 21 Phılıppıne Spotted Deer (Rusa alfredh 22 Phılıppıne Brown Deer (Husa manannal" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6554879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6554879/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">15.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCDFFCCFA00F6BBE0E3F6CB" box="[1483,1758,2316,2354]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCFA00F6BBE0E3F6CB" blockId="8.[1408,2265,2316,2396]" box="[1483,1758,2316,2354]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<heading id="D0FE81BEFFCDFFCCFA00F6BBE0E3F6CB" box="[1483,1758,2316,2354]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFCDFFCCFA00F6BBE0E3F6CB" box="[1483,1758,2316,2354]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Bawean Deer</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCDFFCCF8C4F6BBE1E2F6CB" box="[1807,2015,2316,2354]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCF8C4F6BBE1E2F6CB" blockId="8.[1408,2265,2316,2396]" box="[1807,2015,2316,2354]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<heading id="D0FE81BEFFCDFFCCF8C4F6BBE1E2F6CB" box="[1807,2015,2316,2354]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFCDFFCCF8C4F6BBE1E2F6CB" ID-CoL="67Z9J" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[1807,2015,2316,2354]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kuhlii">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCDFFCCF8C4F6BBE1E2F6CB" box="[1807,2015,2316,2354]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Axis kuhlii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCDFFCCFA4AF6F3EEE5F6A0" box="[1409,2264,2372,2393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCFA4AF6F3EEE5F6A0" blockId="8.[1408,2265,2316,2396]" box="[1409,2264,2372,2393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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||
<heading id="D0FE81BEFFCDFFCCFA4AF6F3EEE5F6A0" box="[1409,2264,2372,2393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCDFFCCFA4AF6F3E3F0F6A0" bold="true" box="[1409,1485,2372,2393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFCDFFCCFA1DF6F3E06DF6A0" box="[1494,1616,2372,2393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Cerf de Kuhl</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCDFFCCF9AEF6F3E0FCF6A0" bold="true" box="[1637,1729,2372,2393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFCDFFCCF900F6F3E183F6A0" box="[1739,1982,2372,2393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Bawean-Schweinshirsch</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCDFFCCF81FF6F3EE12F6A0" bold="true" box="[2004,2095,2372,2393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFCDFFCCF7F3F6F3EEE5F6A0" authority="de Bawean" authorityName="de Bawean" box="[2104,2264,2372,2393]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFCDFFCCF7F3F6F3EEE5F6A0" box="[2104,2264,2372,2393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Axis de Bawean</vernacularName>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCDFFCCF82CF639EC12F65E" box="[2023,2607,2446,2471]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCF82CF639EC12F65E" blockId="8.[2023,2612,2446,2863]" box="[2023,2607,2446,2471]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCDFFCCF82CF639EEBFF65E" bold="true" box="[2023,2178,2446,2471]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFCDFFCCF75BF639EC17F65E" authority="Temminck, 1836" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1836" box="[2192,2602,2446,2471]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kuhlii">Cervus kuhlii Temminck, 1836</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCDFFCCF823F606EE8AF637" box="[2024,2231,2481,2510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCF823F606EE8AF637" blockId="8.[2023,2612,2446,2863]" box="[2024,2231,2481,2510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<materialsCitation id="3B613C8FFFCDFFCCF823F606EE8AF637" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3785196334" box="[2024,2231,2481,2510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Bawean Island.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCDFFCCF822F66FEEB9F4F1" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCF822F66FEEB9F4F1" blockId="8.[2023,2612,2446,2863]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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It has often been treated as a subspecies of A.
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFCDFFCCF78AF64BEE93F5E4" authorityName="Zimmermann" authorityYear="1780" box="[2113,2222,2556,2589]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porcinus">porcinus</taxonomicName>
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and more recently it has been related to the extinct A. lydekkerii of Pleistocene. Fossils document an ancient occurrence in
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<collectingRegion id="49CDF830FFCDFFCCF770F5C2EEC4F56B" box="[2235,2297,2677,2706]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Java</collectingRegion>
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. The scientific name refers to the German naturalist H. Kuhl, who visited the East Indies in 1820-1821. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCDFFCCF823F4A5EF9DF4D6" box="[2024,2464,2834,2863]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF76665AFFCDFFCCF823F4A5EF9DF4D6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6514427" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6514427" box="[2024,2464,2834,2863]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6514427/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" targetBox="[1407,1999,2448,2862]" targetPageId="8">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCF823F4A5EF9DF4D6" blockId="8.[2023,2612,2446,2863]" box="[2024,2464,2834,2863]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCDFFCCF823F4A5EEAAF4D6" bold="true" box="[2024,2199,2834,2863]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Bawean I, offJava.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCDFFCCFA4AF481EF6DF40D" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCFA4AF481EF6DF40D" blockId="8.[1408,2610,2870,3296]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCDFFCCFA4AF481E044F4AE" bold="true" box="[1409,1657,2870,2903]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 130-140 cm, tail 17-20 cm, shoulder height 60-70 cm; weight of adult bucks 40-60 kg. Medium-sized short-legged deer with a bushy tail; males with prominent pedicles and relatively short three-tined antlers 30-45 cm in length. The coat is brown. Newborn fawns are not spotted. Pedicles begin to grow at six months of age, the first set of antlers at about eight months of age.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCDFFCCFA4AF448EE4DF3E5" box="[1409,2160,3071,3100]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCFA4AF448EE4DF3E5" blockId="8.[1408,2610,2870,3296]" box="[1409,2160,3071,3100]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCDFFCCFA4AF448E3D2F3E5" bold="true" box="[1409,1519,3071,3100]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Habitat.</emphasis>
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It is more common in hilly secondary forests.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCDFFCCFA4AF391EC2BF3BA" box="[1409,2582,3110,3139]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCFA4AF391EC2BF3BA" blockId="8.[1408,2610,2870,3296]" box="[1409,2582,3110,3139]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCDFFCCFA4AF391E0B8F3BA" bold="true" box="[1409,1669,3110,3139]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Primarily feeds on forbs and grasses but also on leaves and twigs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCDFFCCFA4AF3FAEEAEF319" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCFA4AF3FAEEAEF319" blockId="8.[1408,2610,2870,3296]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCDFFCCFA4AF3FAE03AF393" bold="true" box="[1409,1543,3149,3178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Males may reproduce in every month of the year. Mating season peaks between July and December and births between February and June. Pregnancy lasts about 225-230 days. There is a postpartum estrus; interbirth intervals are about nine months. Feral dogs and pythons are the main predators.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF76665AFFCDFFCCFF42F2F4E20CF279" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6554879" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6554879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6554879/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" startId="8.[137,169,3395,3416]" targetBox="[13,2763,16,3636]" targetPageId="7">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCDFFCCFF42F2F4E20CF279" blockId="8.[137,2468,3393,3459]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">On followıng pages 16 Calamıan Deer (Axıs calamıanensıs) 17 Common Fallow Deer (Dama dama) 18 Persnun Fallow Deer (Dama mesopotamıca) 19 Sambar (Rusa unıoolon 20 Javan Deer (Rusa tlmoœnsls). 21 Phılıppıne Spotted Deer (Rusa alfredh 22 Phılıppıne Brown Deer (Husa manannal</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCCFFCDFF0FFEA3E48FFEC8" box="[196,690,276,305]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" type="activity">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCCFFCDFF0FFEA3E48FFEC8" blockId="9.[196,1403,276,584]" box="[196,690,276,305]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCCFFCDFF0FFEA3E792FEC8" bold="true" box="[196,431,276,305]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Mainly nocturnal.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCCFFCDFF0DFE80E294FEA1" box="[198,1193,311,344]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCCFFCDFF0DFE80E294FEA1" blockId="9.[196,1403,276,584]" box="[198,1193,311,344]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCCFFCDFF0DFE80E5BCFEA1" bold="true" box="[198,897,311,344]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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It is typically solitary.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCCFFCDFF0DFED4E7EDFE0C" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" type="conservation">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCCFFCDFF0DFED4E7EDFE0C" blockId="9.[196,1403,276,584]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">
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||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCCFFCDFF0DFED4E41AFE79" bold="true" box="[198,551,355,384]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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CITES Annex I. Classified as Critically Endangered on The IUCN Red List. In the 1960s—-1970s hunting and conversion to teak plantations caused a decline of the population, which now numbers around 300-500 individuals. Hunting ban began in 1977.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCCFFCDFF0CFDB3E511FDBD" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCCFFCDFF0CFDB3E511FDBD" blockId="9.[196,1403,276,584]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">
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||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCCFFCDFF0CFDB3E75DFDE4" bold="true" box="[199,352,516,541]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Blouch & Atmosoedirdjo (1987), Groves & Grubb (1987), Meijaard & Groves (2004), Semiadi, Pudyatmoko et al. (2008), Semiadi, Subekti et al. (2003).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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||
</document> |