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<document id="3CFADF3DD1BD71ADDEB1696E735E5CA0" ID-CLB-Dataset="30623" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4387.3.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7548c751-764f-4dc4-95a5-614d17d80c8f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1187739" ID-ZooBank="DA75D56E-22BB-487E-8BA3-42C5C98F9E53" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1520059648244" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Yamasaki, Hiroshi, Neuhaus, Birger &amp; George, Kai Horst" docDate="2018" docId="03CD87E02442FFD43D862BF208FAFDD7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4387.3.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4387 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Echinoderes Yamasaki &amp; Neuhaus &amp; George 2018" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="564" masterDocId="FFF4FF982456FFC33D11283B0B42FFCF" masterDocTitle="New species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from Mediterranean seamounts and from the deep-sea floor in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, including notes on two undescribed species" masterLastPageNumber="566" masterPageNumber="541" pageNumber="561" updateTime="1698526505608" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="BB909F0C3D366C0180ADBD31D55E4014" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="6DAED648D7BF8B85201BC76836CDCB5E">New species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from Mediterranean seamounts and from the deep-sea floor in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, including notes on two undescribed species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="3F824F91EB510A15EA232CC4082AA2F8" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="1D1A80834043045EC42BB7FF1E63862A">Yamasaki, Hiroshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0967C687C04B9BF2BBB0BBE72AC3BAC7">Neuhaus, Birger</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="84CCF6A278D71962F57FBC37F031C0E3">George, Kai Horst</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D44A9A039FE4B05F66D417CF097483AA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A9AC16234F87B1516419323F59CF3F73">
<mods:date id="C5D9C3012B652CFB7E8BDDAF63E11F8A">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="381A45D917E91C13F05624946CF719D3">2018-02-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="4B7CA1815547D79538585147221BF694" type="volume">
<mods:number id="E059E25BA5FE3B2F556943A4755E3A49">4387</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7117A57A4C4D1B1A902579BA56DECEB7">3</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="43253D82D2E3CC7060E582FF48241C5E">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="FEAEC616762DE04B44D4D69438BECCF5" type="CLB-Dataset">30623</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C35AD658E16A00F36C8FC2FC12FF1B5A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4387.3.8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="749E67F652636D64E5C2DCF19AB11695" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CD87E02442FFD43D862BF208FAFDD7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5952909" ID-GBIF-Taxon="141264087" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5952909" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD87E02442FFD43D862BF208FAFDD7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD87E02442FFD43D862BF208FAFDD7" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="564" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">
<subSubSection id="C37E657D2442FFD73D862BF20AC0FBCB" pageId="20" pageNumber="561" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDB36F62442FFD73D862BF20A2DFC2C" blockId="20.[151,386,969,1029]" box="[151,367,969,995]" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">
<heading id="D093819A2442FFD73D862BF20A2DFC2C" bold="true" box="[151,367,969,995]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="561" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42442FFD73D862BF20A2DFC2C" bold="true" box="[151,367,969,995]" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">
<taxonomicName id="4C644D752442FFD73D862BF20A6CFC2C" authorityName="Yamasaki &amp; Neuhaus &amp; George" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,302,969,995]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="20" pageNumber="561" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42442FFD73D862BF20A6CFC2C" bold="true" box="[151,302,969,995]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">Echinoderes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 2
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB36F62442FFD73D862BD70AC0FBCB" blockId="20.[151,386,969,1029]" box="[151,386,1004,1029]" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">
(
<figureCitation id="135F2A732442FFD73D8E2BD70BB1FBCB" box="[159,243,1004,1029]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 12. Echinoderes sp. 2, Nomarski photomicrographs of a female specimen (ZMB 11595). A, entire animal; B, segments 1–6, lateral view (rightside); C, segments 3–7, lateralview (rightside); D, segments 6and 7, lateral view (right side); E, segments 8–11, dorsal view; F, segments 8–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral acicular spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal acicular spine. Digits after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment number. Black arrows, sensory spots; white arrowheads, type-1 glandular cell outlets; black arrowhead, type-2 glandular cell outlet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187763/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6E6034D2442FFD73DEF2BD70A1CFBCB" box="[254,350,1004,1029]" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,239,1178,1201]" captionText="TABLE 8.Measurements for adult Echinoderes sp. 2 (in micrometers).Abbreviations:(ac),acicular spine; LD, lengthof laterodorsal tube; LTAS, length of lateral terminal accessory spine; LTS, length of lateral terminal spine; LV, length of lateroventral spine/tube; MD, length of middorsal spine; S, segment length; SW, standard width; (tu), tube." pageId="20" pageNumber="561">Tables 8</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6E6034D2442FFD73C7B2BD70A3BFBCB" box="[362,377,1004,1028]" captionStart="TABLE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,239,980,1003]" captionText="TABLE 9. Partial information of locations of cuticular structures and spines in Echinoderes sp. 2. Note that some of the sensory spots and the type-1 glandular cell outlets may not be included due to the bad condition of the specimen. Abbreviations: ac, acicular spine; (f), potential female condition of sexually dimorphic character; gco1, type-1 glandular cell outlet; gco2, type-2 glandular cell outlet; LA, lateral accessory; LD, laterodorsal; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; LV, lateroventral; MD, middorsal; ML, midlateral; PD, paradorsal; SD, subdorsal; SL, sublateral; ss, sensory spot; tu, tube; VL, ventrolateral; VM, ventromedial." pageId="20" pageNumber="561">9</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E657D2442FFD53D862C150FEEFC6B" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="563" pageId="20" pageNumber="561" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDB36F62442FFD73D862C150F88FBA4" blockId="20.[151,1436,1070,1131]" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42442FFD73D862C150AC3FB88" bold="true" box="[151,385,1070,1095]" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">Material examined.</emphasis>
One adult female (ZMB 11595), collected at station
<quantity id="4C9C9B132442FFD73EC92C140F62FB88" box="[984,1056,1070,1095]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88468" pageId="20" pageNumber="561" unit="in" value="742.0">742 in</quantity>
the deep-sea plain near the Sedlo Seamount (
<figureCitation id="135F2A732442FFD73C072C690AD2FBA5" box="[278,400,1106,1131]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1247,1269]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,253,1229]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[191,1396,253,1233]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE1. Map of the sampling localities.A, map of northeast Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea; B, enlarged map of the Sedlo seamount and surrounding deep-sea floor; C, enlarged map of the Anaximenes Seamount; D, enlarged map of the Eratosthenes Seamount." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187741/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">Fig. 1A, B</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6E6034D2442FFD73C8D2C690AACFBA4" box="[412,494,1106,1131]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,239,820,843]" captionText="TABLE 1. Data of sampling stations." pageId="20" pageNumber="561">Table 1</tableCitation>
), mounted as glycerol-paraffin slide on a Cobb aluminum frame.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1B667E2442FFD73D862CA10E48FB3E" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">
<paragraph id="8BDB36F62442FFD73D862CA10E48FB3E" blockId="20.[151,1435,1177,1265]" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42442FFD73D862CA10A48FB7E" bold="true" box="[151,266,1178,1201]" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">TABLE 8.</emphasis>
Measurements for adult
<taxonomicName id="4C644D752442FFD73F002CA209D7FB7E" authorityName="Yamasaki &amp; Neuhaus &amp; George" authorityYear="2018" box="[529,661,1177,1201]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="20" pageNumber="561" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42442FFD73F002CA209D7FB7E" box="[529,661,1177,1201]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">Echinoderes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 2 (in micrometers). Abbreviations: (ac), acicular spine; LD, length of laterodorsal tube; LTAS, length of lateral terminal accessory spine; LTS, length of lateral terminal spine; LV, length of lateroventral spine/tube; MD, length of middorsal spine; S, segment length; SW, standard width; (tu), tube.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDB36F62442FFD73D8E2D3709BCF822" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">
<table id="F964C4562442003C3D8E2D370833F822" box="[159,881,1292,2029]" gridcols="2" gridrows="19" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">
<tr id="355434B42442003C3D8E2D370833FAED" box="[159,881,1292,1314]" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">
<th id="76855DC82442003C3D8E2D370A46FAED" box="[159,260,1292,1314]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">Character</th>
<th id="76855DC82442003C3FF62D370833FAED" box="[743,881,1292,1314]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">Measurement</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42442003C3D8E2D0F0833FA85" box="[159,881,1332,1354]" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">
<td id="76855DC82442003C3D8E2D0F0A46FA85" box="[159,260,1332,1354]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">SW-10</td>
<td id="76855DC82442003C3FF62D0F0833FA85" box="[743,881,1332,1354]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">42</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42442003C3D8E2D670833FABD" box="[159,881,1372,1394]" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">
<td id="76855DC82442003C3D8E2D670A46FABD" box="[159,260,1372,1394]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">S8</td>
<td id="76855DC82442003C3FF62D670833FABD" box="[743,881,1372,1394]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">36</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42442003C3D8E2DBF0833FA55" box="[159,881,1412,1434]" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">
<td id="76855DC82442003C3D8E2DBF0A46FA55" box="[159,260,1412,1434]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">S9</td>
<td id="76855DC82442003C3FF62DBF0833FA55" box="[743,881,1412,1434]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">33</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42442003C3D8E2D900833FA0E" box="[159,881,1451,1473]" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">
<td id="76855DC82442003C3D8E2D900A46FA0E" box="[159,260,1451,1473]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">S10</td>
<td id="76855DC82442003C3FF62D900833FA0E" box="[743,881,1451,1473]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">38</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42442003C3D8E2DE80833FA26" box="[159,881,1491,1513]" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">
<td id="76855DC82442003C3D8E2DE80A46FA26" box="[159,260,1491,1513]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">S11</td>
<td id="76855DC82442003C3FF62DE80833FA26" box="[743,881,1491,1513]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">26</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42442003C3D8E2DC00833F9DE" box="[159,881,1531,1553]" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">
<td id="76855DC82442003C3D8E2DC00A46F9DE" box="[159,260,1531,1553]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">MD4 (ac)</td>
<td id="76855DC82442003C3FF62DC00833F9DE" box="[743,881,1531,1553]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">35</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42442003C3D8E2E190833F9F7" box="[159,881,1570,1592]" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">
<td id="76855DC82442003C3D8E2E190A46F9F7" box="[159,260,1570,1592]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">MD5 (ac)</td>
<td id="76855DC82442003C3FF62E190833F9F7" box="[743,881,1570,1592]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">broken</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42442003C3D8E2E710833F9AF" box="[159,881,1610,1632]" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">
<td id="76855DC82442003C3D8E2E710A46F9AF" box="[159,260,1610,1632]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">MD6 (ac)</td>
<td id="76855DC82442003C3FF62E710833F9AF" box="[743,881,1610,1632]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">broken</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42442003C3D8E2E490833F947" box="[159,881,1650,1672]" gridrow="9" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">
<td id="76855DC82442003C3D8E2E490A46F947" box="[159,260,1650,1672]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">MD7 (ac)</td>
<td id="76855DC82442003C3FF62E490833F947" box="[743,881,1650,1672]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">86</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42442003C3D8E2EA10833F97F" box="[159,881,1690,1712]" gridrow="10" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">
<td id="76855DC82442003C3D8E2EA10A46F97F" box="[159,260,1690,1712]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">MD8 (ac)</td>
<td id="76855DC82442003C3FF62EA10833F97F" box="[743,881,1690,1712]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">110</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42442003C3D8E2EFA0833F918" box="[159,881,1729,1751]" gridrow="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">
<td id="76855DC82442003C3D8E2EFA0A46F918" box="[159,260,1729,1751]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">LV5 (tu)</td>
<td id="76855DC82442003C3FF62EFA0833F918" box="[743,881,1729,1751]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">13</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42442003C3D8E2ED20833F930" box="[159,881,1769,1791]" gridrow="12" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">
<td id="76855DC82442003C3D8E2ED20A46F930" box="[159,260,1769,1791]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">LV6 (ac)</td>
<td id="76855DC82442003C3FF62ED20833F930" box="[743,881,1769,1791]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">39</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42442003C3D8E2F2A0833F8E8" box="[159,881,1809,1831]" gridrow="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">
<td id="76855DC82442003C3D8E2F2A0A46F8E8" box="[159,260,1809,1831]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">LV7 (ac)</td>
<td id="76855DC82442003C3FF62F2A0833F8E8" box="[743,881,1809,1831]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">48</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42442003C3D8E2F030833F881" box="[159,881,1848,1870]" gridrow="14" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">
<td id="76855DC82442003C3D8E2F030A46F881" box="[159,260,1848,1870]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">LV8 (ac)</td>
<td id="76855DC82442003C3FF62F030833F881" box="[743,881,1848,1870]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">59</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42442003C3D8E2F5B0833F8B9" box="[159,881,1888,1910]" gridrow="15" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">
<td id="76855DC82442003C3D8E2F5B0A46F8B9" box="[159,260,1888,1910]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">LV9 (ac)</td>
<td id="76855DC82442003C3FF62F5B0833F8B9" box="[743,881,1888,1910]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">66</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42442003C3D8E2FB30833F851" box="[159,881,1928,1950]" gridrow="16" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">
<td id="76855DC82442003C3D8E2FB30A46F851" box="[159,260,1928,1950]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">LD10 (tu)</td>
<td id="76855DC82442003C3FF62FB30833F851" box="[743,881,1928,1950]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">11</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42442003C3D8E2F8B0833F809" box="[159,881,1968,1990]" gridrow="17" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">
<td id="76855DC82442003C3D8E2F8B0A46F809" box="[159,260,1968,1990]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">LTS</td>
<td id="76855DC82442003C3FF62F8B0833F809" box="[743,881,1968,1990]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">224</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42442003C3D8E2FEC0833F822" box="[159,881,2007,2029]" gridrow="18" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">
<td id="76855DC82442003C3D8E2FEC0A46F822" box="[159,260,2007,2029]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">LTAS</td>
<td id="76855DC82442003C3FF62FEC0833F822" box="[743,881,2007,2029]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="20" pageNumber="561">74</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB36F62443FFD63DD628AC0801FED2" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="21" pageNumber="562">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42443FFD63DD628AC0AE3FF7F" bold="true" box="[199,417,151,176]" pageId="21" pageNumber="562">Brief description.</emphasis>
Adult with head, neck, and eleven trunk segments (
<figureCitation id="135F2A732443FFD6395228AC0FF4FF7F" box="[1091,1206,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 12. Echinoderes sp. 2, Nomarski photomicrographs of a female specimen (ZMB 11595). A, entire animal; B, segments 1–6, lateral view (rightside); C, segments 3–7, lateralview (rightside); D, segments 6and 7, lateral view (right side); E, segments 8–11, dorsal view; F, segments 8–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral acicular spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal acicular spine. Digits after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment number. Black arrows, sensory spots; white arrowheads, type-1 glandular cell outlets; black arrowhead, type-2 glandular cell outlet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187763/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="562">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
). See
<tableCitation id="C6E6034D2443FFD6381C28AC0E28FF7F" box="[1293,1386,151,176]" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,239,1178,1201]" captionText="TABLE 8.Measurements for adult Echinoderes sp. 2 (in micrometers).Abbreviations:(ac),acicular spine; LD, lengthof laterodorsal tube; LTAS, length of lateral terminal accessory spine; LTS, length of lateral terminal spine; LV, length of lateroventral spine/tube; MD, length of middorsal spine; S, segment length; SW, standard width; (tu), tube." pageId="21" pageNumber="562">Table 8</tableCitation>
for measurements and
<tableCitation id="C6E6034D2443FFD63C7F28870A83FF1B" box="[366,449,188,213]" captionStart="TABLE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,239,980,1003]" captionText="TABLE 9. Partial information of locations of cuticular structures and spines in Echinoderes sp. 2. Note that some of the sensory spots and the type-1 glandular cell outlets may not be included due to the bad condition of the specimen. Abbreviations: ac, acicular spine; (f), potential female condition of sexually dimorphic character; gco1, type-1 glandular cell outlet; gco2, type-2 glandular cell outlet; LA, lateral accessory; LD, laterodorsal; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; LV, lateroventral; MD, middorsal; ML, midlateral; PD, paradorsal; SD, subdorsal; SL, sublateral; ss, sensory spot; tu, tube; VL, ventrolateral; VM, ventromedial." pageId="21" pageNumber="562">Table 9</tableCitation>
for cuticular structures (sensory spots, glandular cell outlets, spines, and tubes). Further cuticular structures may be present especially on segments 3–7 as well as on the ventral side of segment 2, but these were difficult to study because of the broken specimen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB36F62443FFD63DD6291C0948FE8F" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,357]" box="[199,522,295,320]" pageId="21" pageNumber="562">Head not examined in detail.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB36F62443FFD63DD629770F39FEAA" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,357]" box="[199,1147,332,357]" pageId="21" pageNumber="562">Neck with 16 placids. Midventral placid broadest. Remaining placids similar in size.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1B667E2443FFD63D862ED608CFF853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187763/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="562" startId="21.[151,250,1773,1795]" targetBox="[170,1417,409,1751]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="8BDB36F62443FFD63D862ED608CFF853" blockId="21.[151,1436,1772,1948]" pageId="21" pageNumber="562">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42443FFD63D862ED60A66F8CD" bold="true" box="[151,292,1773,1795]" pageId="21" pageNumber="562">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C644D752443FFD63C3E2ED70AEEF8CD" authorityName="Yamasaki &amp; Neuhaus &amp; George" authorityYear="2018" box="[303,428,1772,1794]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="21" pageNumber="562" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42443FFD63C3E2ED70AEEF8CD" box="[303,428,1772,1794]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="562">Echinoderes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 2, Nomarski photomicrographs of a female specimen (ZMB 11595).
<emphasis id="B910EAE42443FFD639D42ED60F95F8CD" bold="true" box="[1221,1239,1773,1794]" pageId="21" pageNumber="562">A</emphasis>
, entire animal;
<emphasis id="B910EAE42443FFD638952ED60ED7F8CD" bold="true" box="[1412,1429,1773,1794]" pageId="21" pageNumber="562">B</emphasis>
, segments 1–6, lateral view (right side);
<emphasis id="B910EAE42443FFD63F342F300975F8EE" bold="true" box="[549,567,1803,1825]" pageId="21" pageNumber="562">C</emphasis>
, segments 3–7, lateral view (right side);
<emphasis id="B910EAE42443FFD63EC32F3708A6F8EE" bold="true" box="[978,996,1804,1825]" pageId="21" pageNumber="562">D</emphasis>
, segments 6 and 7, lateral view (right side);
<emphasis id="B910EAE42443FFD63D862F110BEAF8F0" bold="true" box="[151,168,1834,1855]" pageId="21" pageNumber="562">E</emphasis>
, segments 8–11, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B910EAE42443FFD63CCD2F110AABF8F0" bold="true" box="[476,489,1834,1855]" pageId="21" pageNumber="562">F</emphasis>
, segments 8–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral acicular spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal acicular spine. Digits after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment number. Black arrows, sensory spots; white arrowheads, type-1 glandular cell outlets; black arrowhead, type-2 glandular cell outlet.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDB36F62440FFD53DD628A30BADFF38" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">Segment 1 consisting of complete cuticular ring. Sensory spots located at least in subdorsal and laterodorsal position. Type-1 glandular cell outlets present at least in middorsal and lateroventral position. No spines and tubes present.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB36F62440FFD53DD6293F0962FEAA" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">Segment 2 with complete cuticular ring as segment 1. Sensory spots present at least in middorsal position. Type-2 glandular cell outlets in laterodorsal position. No spines and tubes on the dorsal to lateral area, but the ventral area could not be observed.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB36F62440FFD53DD6294B0A9DFE63" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">Segment 3 and following eight segments consisting of one tergal and two sternal plates. Cuticular structures not observable on segment 3.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB36F62440FFD53DD629830FE4FE1F" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,933]" box="[199,1190,439,464]" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">
Segment 4 with middorsal acicular spine (
<figureCitation id="135F2A732440FFD53F8E298C0847FE1F" box="[671,773,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 12. Echinoderes sp. 2, Nomarski photomicrographs of a female specimen (ZMB 11595). A, entire animal; B, segments 1–6, lateral view (rightside); C, segments 3–7, lateralview (rightside); D, segments 6and 7, lateral view (right side); E, segments 8–11, dorsal view; F, segments 8–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral acicular spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal acicular spine. Digits after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment number. Black arrows, sensory spots; white arrowheads, type-1 glandular cell outlets; black arrowhead, type-2 glandular cell outlet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187763/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
). Additional spines and tubes absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB36F62440FFD53DD629E70BA4FDD7" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">
Segment 5 with middorsal acicular spine and lateroventral tubes (
<figureCitation id="135F2A732440FFD53EAD29E70F0AFE3B" box="[956,1096,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 12. Echinoderes sp. 2, Nomarski photomicrographs of a female specimen (ZMB 11595). A, entire animal; B, segments 1–6, lateral view (rightside); C, segments 3–7, lateralview (rightside); D, segments 6and 7, lateral view (right side); E, segments 8–11, dorsal view; F, segments 8–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral acicular spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal acicular spine. Digits after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment number. Black arrows, sensory spots; white arrowheads, type-1 glandular cell outlets; black arrowhead, type-2 glandular cell outlet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187763/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">Fig. 12B, C</figureCitation>
). Additional spines and tubes absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB36F62440FFD53DD62A1F0ED4FDF2" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,933]" box="[199,1430,548,573]" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">
Segment 6 with middorsal and lateroventral acicular spines (
<figureCitation id="135F2A732440FFD53E7C2A1F08B5FDF3" box="[877,1015,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 12. Echinoderes sp. 2, Nomarski photomicrographs of a female specimen (ZMB 11595). A, entire animal; B, segments 1–6, lateral view (rightside); C, segments 3–7, lateralview (rightside); D, segments 6and 7, lateral view (right side); E, segments 8–11, dorsal view; F, segments 8–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral acicular spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal acicular spine. Digits after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment number. Black arrows, sensory spots; white arrowheads, type-1 glandular cell outlets; black arrowhead, type-2 glandular cell outlet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187763/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">Fig. 12B–D</figureCitation>
). Additional spines and tubes absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB36F62440FFD53DD62A730FB2FDAF" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,933]" box="[199,1264,583,608]" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">
Segment 7 with lateroventral acicular spines (
<figureCitation id="135F2A732440FFD53FD62A7C0812FDAF" box="[711,848,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 12. Echinoderes sp. 2, Nomarski photomicrographs of a female specimen (ZMB 11595). A, entire animal; B, segments 1–6, lateral view (rightside); C, segments 3–7, lateralview (rightside); D, segments 6and 7, lateral view (right side); E, segments 8–11, dorsal view; F, segments 8–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral acicular spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal acicular spine. Digits after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment number. Black arrows, sensory spots; white arrowheads, type-1 glandular cell outlets; black arrowhead, type-2 glandular cell outlet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187763/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">Fig. 12C, D</figureCitation>
). Additional spines and tubes absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB36F62440FFD53DD62A570FF4FD67" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">
Segment 8 with middorsal and lateroventral acicular spines (
<figureCitation id="135F2A732440FFD53E7C2A5708ADFD4B" box="[877,1007,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 12. Echinoderes sp. 2, Nomarski photomicrographs of a female specimen (ZMB 11595). A, entire animal; B, segments 1–6, lateral view (rightside); C, segments 3–7, lateralview (rightside); D, segments 6and 7, lateral view (right side); E, segments 8–11, dorsal view; F, segments 8–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral acicular spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal acicular spine. Digits after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment number. Black arrows, sensory spots; white arrowheads, type-1 glandular cell outlets; black arrowhead, type-2 glandular cell outlet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187763/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">Fig. 12E, F</figureCitation>
). Lateral accessory tubes present (
<figureCitation id="135F2A732440FFD5387E2A570B84FD67" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 12. Echinoderes sp. 2, Nomarski photomicrographs of a female specimen (ZMB 11595). A, entire animal; B, segments 1–6, lateral view (rightside); C, segments 3–7, lateralview (rightside); D, segments 6and 7, lateral view (right side); E, segments 8–11, dorsal view; F, segments 8–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral acicular spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal acicular spine. Digits after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment number. Black arrows, sensory spots; white arrowheads, type-1 glandular cell outlets; black arrowhead, type-2 glandular cell outlet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187763/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">Fig. 12F</figureCitation>
). Type-1 glandular cell outlets present in paradorsal and ventromedial position (
<figureCitation id="135F2A732440FFD539572AB40FEBFD67" box="[1094,1193,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 12. Echinoderes sp. 2, Nomarski photomicrographs of a female specimen (ZMB 11595). A, entire animal; B, segments 1–6, lateral view (rightside); C, segments 3–7, lateralview (rightside); D, segments 6and 7, lateral view (right side); E, segments 8–11, dorsal view; F, segments 8–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral acicular spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal acicular spine. Digits after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment number. Black arrows, sensory spots; white arrowheads, type-1 glandular cell outlets; black arrowhead, type-2 glandular cell outlet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187763/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">Fig. 12F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB36F62440FFD53DD62A8F0FD8FD3F" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">
Segment 9 with lateroventral acicular spines (
<figureCitation id="135F2A732440FFD53FCC2A8F0806FD03" box="[733,836,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 12. Echinoderes sp. 2, Nomarski photomicrographs of a female specimen (ZMB 11595). A, entire animal; B, segments 1–6, lateral view (rightside); C, segments 3–7, lateralview (rightside); D, segments 6and 7, lateral view (right side); E, segments 8–11, dorsal view; F, segments 8–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral acicular spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal acicular spine. Digits after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment number. Black arrows, sensory spots; white arrowheads, type-1 glandular cell outlets; black arrowhead, type-2 glandular cell outlet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187763/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">Fig. 12F</figureCitation>
). Paradorsal and ventrolateral sensory spots present (
<figureCitation id="135F2A732440FFD53D8E2AEC0A63FD3F" box="[159,289,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 12. Echinoderes sp. 2, Nomarski photomicrographs of a female specimen (ZMB 11595). A, entire animal; B, segments 1–6, lateral view (rightside); C, segments 3–7, lateralview (rightside); D, segments 6and 7, lateral view (right side); E, segments 8–11, dorsal view; F, segments 8–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral acicular spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal acicular spine. Digits after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment number. Black arrows, sensory spots; white arrowheads, type-1 glandular cell outlets; black arrowhead, type-2 glandular cell outlet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187763/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">Fig. 12E, F</figureCitation>
). Type-1 glandular cell outlets present in paradorsal and ventromedial position.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB36F62440FFD53DD62AC70AF2FC92" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">
Segment 10 with laterodorsal tubes. Sensory spots present at least in ventrolateral position (
<figureCitation id="135F2A732440FFD539FF2AC70E16FCDB" box="[1262,1364,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 12. Echinoderes sp. 2, Nomarski photomicrographs of a female specimen (ZMB 11595). A, entire animal; B, segments 1–6, lateral view (rightside); C, segments 3–7, lateralview (rightside); D, segments 6and 7, lateral view (right side); E, segments 8–11, dorsal view; F, segments 8–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral acicular spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal acicular spine. Digits after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment number. Black arrows, sensory spots; white arrowheads, type-1 glandular cell outlets; black arrowhead, type-2 glandular cell outlet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187763/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">Fig. 12F</figureCitation>
). Two type-1 glandular cell outlets aligned middorsally (
<figureCitation id="135F2A732440FFD53FD52B240868FCF7" box="[708,810,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 12. Echinoderes sp. 2, Nomarski photomicrographs of a female specimen (ZMB 11595). A, entire animal; B, segments 1–6, lateral view (rightside); C, segments 3–7, lateralview (rightside); D, segments 6and 7, lateral view (right side); E, segments 8–11, dorsal view; F, segments 8–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral acicular spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal acicular spine. Digits after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment number. Black arrows, sensory spots; white arrowheads, type-1 glandular cell outlets; black arrowhead, type-2 glandular cell outlet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187763/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">Fig. 12E</figureCitation>
). Additional pair of type-1 glandular cell outlets present in ventromedial position.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB36F62440FFD53DD62B530FEEFC6B" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">
Segment 11 with lateral terminal spines (
<figureCitation id="135F2A732440FFD53FBE2B5C085EFC4F" box="[687,796,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 12. Echinoderes sp. 2, Nomarski photomicrographs of a female specimen (ZMB 11595). A, entire animal; B, segments 1–6, lateral view (rightside); C, segments 3–7, lateralview (rightside); D, segments 6and 7, lateral view (right side); E, segments 8–11, dorsal view; F, segments 8–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral acicular spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal acicular spine. Digits after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment number. Black arrows, sensory spots; white arrowheads, type-1 glandular cell outlets; black arrowhead, type-2 glandular cell outlet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187763/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
). Lateral terminal accessory spine present in observed female specimen (
<figureCitation id="135F2A732440FFD53C722BB70A8EFC6B" box="[355,460,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 12. Echinoderes sp. 2, Nomarski photomicrographs of a female specimen (ZMB 11595). A, entire animal; B, segments 1–6, lateral view (rightside); C, segments 3–7, lateralview (rightside); D, segments 6and 7, lateral view (right side); E, segments 8–11, dorsal view; F, segments 8–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral acicular spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal acicular spine. Digits after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment number. Black arrows, sensory spots; white arrowheads, type-1 glandular cell outlets; black arrowhead, type-2 glandular cell outlet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187763/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
). Two type-1 glandular cell outlet present middorsally (
<figureCitation id="135F2A732440FFD5392B2BB70FE2FC6B" box="[1082,1184,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[170,1417,409,1751]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 12. Echinoderes sp. 2, Nomarski photomicrographs of a female specimen (ZMB 11595). A, entire animal; B, segments 1–6, lateral view (rightside); C, segments 3–7, lateralview (rightside); D, segments 6and 7, lateral view (right side); E, segments 8–11, dorsal view; F, segments 8–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral acicular spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal acicular spine. Digits after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment number. Black arrows, sensory spots; white arrowheads, type-1 glandular cell outlets; black arrowhead, type-2 glandular cell outlet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187763/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">Fig. 12E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF1B667E2440FFD53D862BEF08F3FB57" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">
<paragraph id="8BDB36F62440FFD53D862BEF08F3FB57" blockId="22.[151,1436,979,1176]" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42440FFD53D862BEF0A49FC24" bold="true" box="[151,267,980,1003]" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">TABLE 9.</emphasis>
Partial information of locations of cuticular structures and spines in
<taxonomicName id="4C644D752440FFD53EFB2BE80F2CFC24" authorityName="Yamasaki &amp; Neuhaus &amp; George" authorityYear="2018" box="[1002,1134,979,1003]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="22" pageNumber="563" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42440FFD53EFB2BE80F2CFC24" box="[1002,1134,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">Echinoderes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 2. Note that some of the sensory spots and the type-1 glandular cell outlets may not be included due to the bad condition of the specimen. Abbreviations: ac, acicular spine; (f), potential female condition of sexually dimorphic character; gco1, type-1 glandular cell outlet; gco2, type-2 glandular cell outlet; LA, lateral accessory; LD, laterodorsal; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; LV, lateroventral; MD, middorsal; ML, midlateral; PD, paradorsal; SD, subdorsal; SL, sublateral; ss, sensory spot; tu, tube; VL, ventrolateral; VM, ventromedial.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDB36F62440FFD53D8E2C8F0FCBF975" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">
<table id="F964C4562440003C3D8E2C8F0E0BF975" box="[159,1353,1204,1722]" colsContinueFrom="19.[159,1383,330,848]" gridcols="11" gridrows="13" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">
<tr id="355434B42440003C3D8E2C8F0E0BFB05" box="[159,1353,1204,1226]" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">
<th id="76855DC82440003C3D8E2C8F0BB0FB05" box="[159,242,1204,1226]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">Position</th>
<th id="76855DC82440003C3C452C8F0A81FB05" box="[340,451,1204,1226]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">MD</th>
<th id="76855DC82440003C3F172C8F091AFB05" box="[518,600,1204,1226]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">PD</th>
<th id="76855DC82440003C3F852C8F09F6FB05" box="[660,692,1204,1226]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">SD</th>
<th id="76855DC82440003C3FF72C8F0855FB05" box="[742,791,1204,1226]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">LD</th>
<th id="76855DC82440003C3E5C2C8F0830FB05" box="[845,882,1204,1226]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">ML</th>
<th id="76855DC82440003C3EB72C8F0881FB05" box="[934,963,1204,1226]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">SL</th>
<th id="76855DC82440003C3EE52C8F0F75FB05" box="[1012,1079,1204,1226]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">LA</th>
<th id="76855DC82440003C39602C8F0FD2FB05" box="[1137,1168,1204,1226]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">LV</th>
<th id="76855DC82440003C39D52C8F0FA7FB05" box="[1220,1253,1204,1226]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">VL</th>
<th id="76855DC82440003C38092C8F0E0BFB05" box="[1304,1353,1204,1226]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">VM</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42440003C3D8E2CE50E0BFB3C" box="[159,1353,1246,1267]" gridrow="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">
<th id="76855DC82440003C3D8E2CE50E0BFB3C" box="[159,1353,1246,1267]" colspan="11" colspanRight="10" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">segment</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42440003C3D8E2D3D0E0BFAD3" box="[159,1353,1286,1308]" gridrow="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="563" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76855DC82440003C3D8E2D3D0BB0FAD3" box="[159,242,1286,1308]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">1</th>
<td id="76855DC82440003C3C452D3D0A81FAD3" box="[340,451,1286,1308]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">gco1</td>
<td id="76855DC82440003C3F852D3D09F6FAD3" box="[660,692,1286,1308]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">ss</td>
<td id="76855DC82440003C3FF72D3D0855FAD3" box="[742,791,1286,1308]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">ss</td>
<td id="76855DC82440003C3EE52D3D0F75FAD3" box="[1012,1079,1286,1308]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">gco1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42440003C3D8E2D0B0E0BFA89" box="[159,1353,1328,1350]" gridrow="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="563" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76855DC82440003C3D8E2D0B0BB0FA89" box="[159,242,1328,1350]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">2</th>
<td id="76855DC82440003C3C452D0B0A81FA89" box="[340,451,1328,1350]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">ss</td>
<td id="76855DC82440003C3FF72D0B0855FA89" box="[742,791,1328,1350]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">gco2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42440003C3D8E2D620E0BFAA0" box="[159,1353,1369,1391]" gridrow="4" pageId="22" pageNumber="563" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76855DC82440003C3D8E2D620BB0FAA0" box="[159,242,1369,1391]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">3</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42440003C3D8E2DB90E0BFA57" box="[159,1353,1410,1432]" gridrow="5" pageId="22" pageNumber="563" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76855DC82440003C3D8E2DB90BB0FA57" box="[159,242,1410,1432]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">4</th>
<td id="76855DC82440003C3C452DB90A81FA57" box="[340,451,1410,1432]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">ac</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42440003C3D8E2D970E0BFA0D" box="[159,1353,1452,1474]" gridrow="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="563" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76855DC82440003C3D8E2D970BB0FA0D" box="[159,242,1452,1474]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">5</th>
<td id="76855DC82440003C3C452D970A81FA0D" box="[340,451,1452,1474]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">ac</td>
<td id="76855DC82440003C39602D970FD2FA0D" box="[1137,1168,1452,1474]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">tu</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42440003C3D8E2DEE0E0BFA24" box="[159,1353,1493,1515]" gridrow="7" pageId="22" pageNumber="563" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76855DC82440003C3D8E2DEE0BB0FA24" box="[159,242,1493,1515]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">6</th>
<td id="76855DC82440003C3C452DEE0A81FA24" box="[340,451,1493,1515]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">ac</td>
<td id="76855DC82440003C39602DEE0FD2FA24" box="[1137,1168,1493,1515]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">ac</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42440003C3D8E2DC40E0BF9DB" box="[159,1353,1535,1556]" gridrow="8" pageId="22" pageNumber="563" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76855DC82440003C3D8E2DC40BB0F9DB" box="[159,242,1535,1556]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">7</th>
<td id="76855DC82440003C3C452DC40A81F9DB" box="[340,451,1535,1556]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">ac</td>
<td id="76855DC82440003C39602DC40FD2F9DB" box="[1137,1168,1535,1556]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">ac</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42440003C3D8E2E130E0BF9F1" box="[159,1353,1576,1598]" gridrow="9" pageId="22" pageNumber="563" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76855DC82440003C3D8E2E130BB0F9F1" box="[159,242,1576,1598]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">8</th>
<td id="76855DC82440003C3C452E130A81F9F1" box="[340,451,1576,1598]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">ac</td>
<td id="76855DC82440003C3F172E13091AF9F1" box="[518,600,1576,1598]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">gco1</td>
<td id="76855DC82440003C3EE52E130F75F9F1" box="[1012,1079,1576,1598]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">tu</td>
<td id="76855DC82440003C39602E130FD2F9F1" box="[1137,1168,1576,1598]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">ac</td>
<td id="76855DC82440003C38092E130E0BF9F1" box="[1304,1353,1576,1598]" gridcol="10" gridrow="9" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">gco1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42440003C3D8E2E6A0E0BF9A8" box="[159,1353,1617,1639]" gridrow="10" pageId="22" pageNumber="563" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="76855DC82440003C3D8E2E6A0BB0F9A8" box="[159,242,1617,1639]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">9</th>
<td id="76855DC82440003C3F172E6A091AF9A8" box="[518,600,1617,1639]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">gco1, ss</td>
<td id="76855DC82440003C39602E6A0FD2F9A8" box="[1137,1168,1617,1639]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">ac</td>
<td id="76855DC82440003C39D52E6A0FA7F9A8" box="[1220,1253,1617,1639]" gridcol="9" gridrow="10" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">ss</td>
<td id="76855DC82440003C38092E6A0E0BF9A8" box="[1304,1353,1617,1639]" gridcol="10" gridrow="10" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">gco1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42440003C3D8E2E410E0BF95F" box="[159,1353,1658,1680]" gridrow="11" pageId="22" pageNumber="563" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<th id="76855DC82440003C3D8E2E410BB0F95F" box="[159,242,1658,1680]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">10</th>
<td id="76855DC82440003C3C452E410A81F95F" box="[340,451,1658,1680]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">gco1, gco1</td>
<td id="76855DC82440003C3FF72E410855F95F" box="[742,791,1658,1680]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">tu</td>
<td id="76855DC82440003C39D52E410FA7F95F" box="[1220,1253,1658,1680]" gridcol="9" gridrow="11" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">ss</td>
<td id="76855DC82440003C38092E410E0BF95F" box="[1304,1353,1658,1680]" gridcol="10" gridrow="11" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">gco1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355434B42440003C3D8E2E9F0E0BF975" box="[159,1353,1700,1722]" gridrow="12" pageId="22" pageNumber="563" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76855DC82440003C3D8E2E9F0BB0F975" box="[159,242,1700,1722]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">11</th>
<td id="76855DC82440003C3C452E9F0A81F975" box="[340,451,1700,1722]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">gco1, gco1</td>
<td id="76855DC82440003C3EE52E9F0F75F975" box="[1012,1079,1700,1722]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">ltas (f)</td>
<td id="76855DC82440003C39602E9F0FD2F975" box="[1137,1168,1700,1722]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">lts</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C37E657D2440FFD53DD62F3A08DFF865" pageId="22" pageNumber="563" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDB36F62440FFD53DD62F3A08DFF865" blockId="22.[151,1437,1793,2034]" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42440FFD53DD62F3A0A79F8D5" bold="true" box="[199,315,1793,1818]" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C644D752440FFD53C562F3A0A90F8D6" authorityName="Yamasaki &amp; Neuhaus &amp; George" authorityYear="2018" box="[327,466,1793,1817]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="22" pageNumber="563" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42440FFD53C562F3A0A90F8D6" box="[327,466,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">Echinoderes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 2 shares with
<taxonomicName id="4C644D752440FFD53FA92F3A0E42F8D5" authority="Sorensen &amp; Landers, 2014" authorityName="Sorensen &amp; Landers" authorityYear="2014" box="[696,1280,1793,1818]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="22" pageNumber="563" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="augustae">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42440FFD53FA92F3A08F6F8D6" box="[696,948,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">Echinoderes augustae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B072440FFD53ED02F390E42F8D5" box="[961,1280,1793,1818]" pageId="22" pageNumber="563" refId="ref9246" refString="Neuhaus, B., Pardos, F., Sorensen, M. V. &amp; Higgins, R. P. (2014) New species of Centroderes (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida) from the Northwest Atlantic Ocean, life cycle, and ground pattern of the genus. Zootaxa, 3901 (1), 1 ¯ 69. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3901.1.1" type="journal article">Sørensen &amp; Landers, 2014</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C644D752440FFD538002F3A0A8CF8F1" authority="Claparede, 1863" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1863" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="22" pageNumber="563" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="dujardinii">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42440FFD538002F3A0A44F8F2" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">Echinoderes dujardinii</emphasis>
Claparède, 1863
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C644D752440FFD53CCC2F1E0837F8F1" authority="Higgins, 1978" authorityName="Higgins" authorityYear="1978" box="[477,885,1829,1854]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="22" pageNumber="563" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="gerardi">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42440FFD53CCC2F1E0987F8F2" box="[477,709,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">Echinoderes gerardi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B072440FFD53FC12F1E0837F8F1" box="[720,885,1829,1854]" pageId="22" pageNumber="563" refId="ref8639" refString="Higgins, R. P. (1978) Echinoderes gerardi n. sp. and E. riedli (Kinorhyncha) from the Gulf of Tunis. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 97, 171 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3225589" type="journal article">Higgins, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C644D752440FFD53E952F1E0E2DF8F1" authority="Pardos et al., 2016" authorityName="Pardos et al." authorityYear="2016" box="[900,1391,1829,1854]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="22" pageNumber="563" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="muricatus">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42440FFD53E952F1E0FCBF8F2" box="[900,1161,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">Echinoderes muricatus</emphasis>
Pardos
<emphasis id="B910EAE42440FFD539FB2F1D0E5CF8F2" box="[1258,1310,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">et al</emphasis>
., 2016
</taxonomicName>
the presence of middorsal acicular spines on segments 4–8, lateroventral spines/tubes on segments 5–9, lateral accessory spines/tubes on segment 8 and the absence of any tube on the dorsal side on segment 2 (Claparède 1863;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B072440FFD53D862FAA0A73F865" box="[151,305,1937,1962]" pageId="22" pageNumber="563" refId="ref8593" refString="Higgins, R. P. (1977) Redescription of Echinoderes dujardinii (Kinorhyncha) with descriptions of closely related species. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 248, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.248" type="journal article">Higgins 1977</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B072440FFD53C2C2FA90A3AF865" box="[317,376,1938,1962]" pageId="22" pageNumber="563" refId="ref8639" refString="Higgins, R. P. (1978) Echinoderes gerardi n. sp. and E. riedli (Kinorhyncha) from the Gulf of Tunis. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 97, 171 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3225589" type="journal article">1978</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B072440FFD53C922FA909E9F865" box="[387,683,1937,1962]" pageId="22" pageNumber="563" refId="ref9246" refString="Neuhaus, B., Pardos, F., Sorensen, M. V. &amp; Higgins, R. P. (2014) New species of Centroderes (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida) from the Northwest Atlantic Ocean, life cycle, and ground pattern of the genus. Zootaxa, 3901 (1), 1 ¯ 69. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3901.1.1" type="journal article">Sørensen &amp; Landers 2014</bibRefCitation>
; Pardos
<emphasis id="B910EAE42440FFD53E182FA90878F866" box="[777,826,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">et al</emphasis>
. 2016a).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E657D2440FFD43DD62F8E0EDEFE62" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="564" pageId="22" pageNumber="563" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BDB36F62440FFD43DD62F8E0A89FEAB" blockId="22.[151,1437,1793,2034]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1436,151,536]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="564" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">
<taxonomicName id="4C644D752440FFD53DD62F8E0A10F802" authorityName="Yamasaki &amp; Neuhaus &amp; George" authorityYear="2018" box="[199,338,1973,1997]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="22" pageNumber="563" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42440FFD53DD62F8E0A10F802" box="[199,338,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">Echinoderes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 2 can be easily distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C644D752440FFD53E312F8D08EAF802" authorityName="Sorensen &amp; Landers" authorityYear="2014" box="[800,936,1974,1997]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="22" pageNumber="563" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="augustae">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42440FFD53E312F8D08EAF802" box="[800,936,1974,1997]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">E. augustae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C644D752440FFD53EA82F8D0F09F802" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1863" box="[953,1099,1973,1997]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="22" pageNumber="563" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="dujardinii">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42440FFD53EA82F8D0F09F802" box="[953,1099,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">E. dujardinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C644D752440FFD5399F2F8D0E46F802" authorityName="Higgins" authorityYear="1978" box="[1166,1284,1973,1997]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="22" pageNumber="563" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="gerardi">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42440FFD5399F2F8D0FDDF802" box="[1166,1183,1974,1997]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B910EAE42440FFD539A02F8E0E46F802" box="[1201,1284,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">gerardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the spine lengths:
<taxonomicName id="4C644D752440FFD53DE62FE20AC0F83E" authorityName="Yamasaki &amp; Neuhaus &amp; George" authorityYear="2018" box="[247,386,2009,2033]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="22" pageNumber="563" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42440FFD53DE62FE20AC0F83E" box="[247,386,2009,2033]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="563">Echinoderes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 2 has relatively long middorsal spines (e.g., 86 µm on segment 7 and 110 µm on segment 8) and long lateral terminal spines (224 µm), whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C644D752441FFD43FEA28A2083DFF7F" authorityName="Sorensen &amp; Landers" authorityYear="2014" box="[763,895,153,176]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="23" pageNumber="564" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="augustae">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42441FFD43FEA28A2083DFF7F" box="[763,895,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="564">E. augustae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has short middorsal spines (e.g., 44–63 µm and 51–74 µm on segments 7 and 8, respectively) and very short lateral terminal spines (31–44 µm), and
<taxonomicName id="4C644D752441FFD4381C28860EDEFF1B" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1863" box="[1293,1436,188,212]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="23" pageNumber="564" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="dujardinii">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42441FFD4381C28860EDEFF1B" box="[1293,1436,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="564">E. dujardinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C644D752441FFD43DD828DA0A7CFF37" authorityName="Higgins" authorityYear="1978" box="[201,318,224,248]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="23" pageNumber="564" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="gerardi">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42441FFD43DD828DA0A7CFF37" box="[201,318,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="564">E. gerardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have very short middorsal acicular spines (e.g., 13–23 µm and 16–27 µm on segments 7 and 8, respectively in
<taxonomicName id="4C644D752441FFD43C55293E0A96FED3" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1863" box="[324,468,260,284]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="23" pageNumber="564" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="dujardinii">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42441FFD43C55293E0A96FED3" box="[324,468,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="564">E. dujardinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and 10 µm and 12 µm on segments 7 and 8, respectively in
<taxonomicName id="4C644D752441FFD43983293E0E44FED3" authorityName="Higgins" authorityYear="1978" box="[1170,1286,260,284]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="23" pageNumber="564" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="gerardi">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42441FFD43983293E0E44FED3" box="[1170,1286,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="564">E. gerardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and slightly shorter lateral terminal spines (160–192 µm in
<taxonomicName id="4C644D752441FFD43FD229120817FE8F" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1863" box="[707,853,296,320]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="23" pageNumber="564" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="dujardinii">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42441FFD43FD229120817FE8F" box="[707,853,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="564">E. dujardinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 172 µm in
<taxonomicName id="4C644D752441FFD4390B29120FD2FE8F" authorityName="Higgins" authorityYear="1978" box="[1050,1168,296,320]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="23" pageNumber="564" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="gerardi">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42441FFD4390B29120FD2FE8F" box="[1050,1168,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="564">E. gerardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B072441FFD439BD291C0E0FFE8F" box="[1196,1357,295,320]" pageId="23" pageNumber="564" refId="ref8593" refString="Higgins, R. P. (1977) Redescription of Echinoderes dujardinii (Kinorhyncha) with descriptions of closely related species. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 248, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.248" type="journal article">Higgins 1977</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B072441FFD4384D29130ED5FE8F" box="[1372,1431,296,320]" pageId="23" pageNumber="564" refId="ref8639" refString="Higgins, R. P. (1978) Echinoderes gerardi n. sp. and E. riedli (Kinorhyncha) from the Gulf of Tunis. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 97, 171 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3225589" type="journal article">1978</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B072441FFD43D8629770AFDFEAB" box="[151,447,332,357]" pageId="23" pageNumber="564" refId="ref9246" refString="Neuhaus, B., Pardos, F., Sorensen, M. V. &amp; Higgins, R. P. (2014) New species of Centroderes (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida) from the Northwest Atlantic Ocean, life cycle, and ground pattern of the genus. Zootaxa, 3901 (1), 1 ¯ 69. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3901.1.1" type="journal article">Sørensen &amp; Landers 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB36F62441FFD43DD6294B0EDEFE62" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="23" pageNumber="564">
<taxonomicName id="4C644D752441FFD43DD6294B0A10FE47" authorityName="Yamasaki &amp; Neuhaus &amp; George" authorityYear="2018" box="[199,338,368,392]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="23" pageNumber="564" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42441FFD43DD6294B0A10FE47" box="[199,338,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="564">Echinoderes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 2 and
<taxonomicName id="4C644D752441FFD43CC3294A0926FE48" box="[466,612,368,392]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="23" pageNumber="564" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="muricatus">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42441FFD43CC3294A0926FE48" box="[466,612,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="564">E. muricatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reveal more or less a similar lengths of spines. But
<taxonomicName id="4C644D752441FFD439DF294B0E1BFE47" authorityName="Yamasaki &amp; Neuhaus &amp; George" authorityYear="2018" box="[1230,1369,368,392]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="23" pageNumber="564" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42441FFD439DF294B0E1BFE47" box="[1230,1369,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="564">Echinoderes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 2 differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C644D752441FFD43C3329AE0AF3FE63" box="[290,433,405,428]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="23" pageNumber="564" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="muricatus">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42441FFD43C3329AE0AF3FE63" box="[290,433,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="564">E. muricatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at least in the presence of type-2 glandular cell outlets on segment 2 (Pardos
<emphasis id="B910EAE42441FFD4381B29AE0E7BFE63" box="[1290,1337,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="564">et al</emphasis>
. 2016a).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E657D2441FFD43DD6298C08FAFDD7" pageId="23" pageNumber="564" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDB36F62441FFD43DD6298C08FAFDD7" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="23" pageNumber="564">
Although many characters could not be observed because of the broken specimen,
<taxonomicName id="4C644D752441FFD4396F29830E4BFE1F" authorityName="Yamasaki &amp; Neuhaus &amp; George" authorityYear="2018" box="[1150,1289,440,464]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="23" pageNumber="564" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B910EAE42441FFD4396F29830E4BFE1F" box="[1150,1289,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="564">Echinoderes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 2 can be assumed to represent an undescribed species. However, we do not formally describe the species as a new species, because we had only a single deteriorated specimen available for study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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