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<document id="8528D309D785C295F58C77EE15549320" ID-CLB-Dataset="302314" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7e75c23f-3338-4dbd-9662-2fddc93f4571" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217942" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1722613682073" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Nayana, P. K. &amp; Pradeep, C. K." docDate="2024" docId="03CD253BFFA4E630FF303C23B7F8FEF1" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.659.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 659 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.659.3.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Candolleomyces rubrobrunneus P. K. Nayana &amp; C. K. Pradeep, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="264" masterDocId="FFF45D43FFA3E63AFFB83E51B44EFFD5" masterDocTitle="Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal two new species of Candolleomyces (Psathyrellaceae) from India" masterLastPageNumber="267" masterPageNumber="255" pageNumber="262" updateTime="1725543051841" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="EEEB2AC884CFB6BA78469399FCABC362">Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal two new species of Candolleomyces (Psathyrellaceae) from India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F0B9890895A2716A2A01041E4F2D21EC">Nayana, P. K.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="45CB01A08616FAB86E96BF01E750FE6B">Microbiology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden &amp; Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, &amp; Research center: University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="04A5BE4C6F763DF47EC3DC95932E2E15">Pradeep, C. K.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4019CD5E1838543A1D924B9D67F7C85B">Microbiology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden &amp; Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="45F39E1C8C900A5A65D156703129503B">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9A81B3462A883A4B85F0026BEAF7EFBA">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="6099FF051583997C8194B86452D109BB" type="GBIF-Dataset">7e75c23f-3338-4dbd-9662-2fddc93f4571</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CD253BFFA4E630FF303C23B7F8FEF1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD253BFFA4E630FF303C23B7F8FEF1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD253BFFA4E630FF303C23B7F8FEF1" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="264" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">
<subSubSection id="C37EC7A6FFA4E63DFF303C23B5DDFD64" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDB942DFFA4E63DFF303C23B065FD58" blockId="7.[136,1067,626,653]" box="[136,1067,626,653]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">
<heading id="D0932341FFA4E63DFF303C23B065FD58" box="[136,1067,626,653]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C64EFAEFFA4E63DFF303C23B704FD59" authority="P.K. Nayana &amp; C.K. Pradeep" authorityName="P. K. Nayana &amp; C. K. Pradeep" box="[136,842,626,653]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Psathyrellaceae" genus="Candolleomyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="rubrobrunneus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFA4E63DFF303C23B5B5FD58" bold="true" box="[136,507,626,653]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">Candolleomyces rubrobrunneus</emphasis>
P.K. Nayana &amp; C.K. Pradeep
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B910483FFFA4E63DFCED3C22B7E4FD59" box="[853,938,627,652]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A223F544FFA4E63DFCED3C22B7E4FD59" box="[853,938,627,652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="135F88A8FFA4E63DFC013C23B046FD59" box="[953,1032,626,652]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[136,229,1550,1572]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,192,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[152,1435,190,1526]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Candolleomyces rubrobrunneus (TBGT(M)19475, holotype). A–C. Habit in situ; D. Basidiomata with mature lamellae.Scale bars = 10 mm. Photos by: P.K. Nayana." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217950/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135F88A8FFA4E63DFBAC3C23B06CFD58" box="[1044,1058,626,653]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1435,190,1894]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Candolleomyces rubrobrunneus (TBGT(M)19475, holotype). A. Basidia; B. Basidiospores; C, D. Cheilocystidia; E. Pileipellis; F. Caulocystidia. Scale bars: A, B = 10 µm C–F = 20 µm. Photos by: P.K. Nayana." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217952/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">5</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB942DFFA4E63DFF303CC7B5DDFD64" blockId="7.[136,403,662,689]" box="[136,403,662,689]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">MycoBank: MB854241</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37EC7A6FFA4E63DFF303C8EB01EFC95" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDB942DFFA4E63DFF303C8EB01EFC95" blockId="7.[136,1452,734,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFA4E63DFF303C8EB4B4FD2D" box="[136,250,735,760]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">Diagnosis</emphasis>
:—Differs from similar species such as
<emphasis id="B910483FFFA4E63DFD0E3C8EB7A7FD2D" box="[694,1001,734,761]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">
<taxonomicName id="4C64EFAEFFA4E63DFD0E3C8EB727FD2D" box="[694,873,734,761]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Psathyrellaceae" genus="Candolleomyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sindhudeltae">C. sindhudeltae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C64EFAEFFA4E63DFCCC3C8EB7A7FD2D" box="[884,1001,734,761]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Psathyrellaceae" genus="Candolleomyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sultanii">C. sultanii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C64EFAEFFA4E63DFBA73C8EB08BFD2D" authorityName="Pegler" authorityYear="2133" box="[1055,1221,734,761]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Psathyrellaceae" genus="Candolleomyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="efflorescens">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFA4E63DFBA73C8EB08BFD2D" box="[1055,1221,734,761]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">C. efflorescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by small to medium reddish brown to dark brown hygrophanous pileus with pale brown velar squamules, basidiospores with a distinct germ pore, sterile lamella edge with polymorphic cheilocystidia and terrestrial habitat.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37EC7A6FFA4E63DFF053D1BB7C3FC79" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDB942DFFA4E63DFF053D1BB093FC5D" blockId="7.[136,1452,734,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">
<materialsCitation id="3B0C9E70FFA4E63DFF053D1BB093FC5D" collectingDate="2023-04-13" collectionCode="TBGT, ITS, LSU" country="India" elevation="44" latitude="8.43" location="Sreenivasapuram" longLatPrecision="781" longitude="76.43" municipality="Thiruvananthapuram District" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" specimenCode="PP741636" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFA4E63DFF053D1BB56AFCB1" box="[189,292,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">
<typeStatus id="54DF2A8FFFA4E63DFF053D1BB56AFCB1" box="[189,292,842,868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:—
<collectingCountry id="F373D4BDFFA4E63DFEFE3D1BB5D5FCB1" box="[326,411,842,868]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">INDIA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49A05ACFFFA4E63DFE123D1BB673FCB1" box="[426,573,842,868]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">Kerala State</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBF0E57FFA4E63DFDF43D1BB7D5FCB1" box="[588,923,842,868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">Thiruvananthapuram District</collectingMunicipality>
. Varkala,
<location id="8EBBC2F6FFA4E63DFBAA3D1BB098FCB1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD253BFFA4E630FF303C23B7F8FEF1:8EBBC2F6FFA4E63DFBAA3D1BB098FCB1" box="[1042,1238,842,868]" country="India" latitude="8.43" longLatPrecision="781" longitude="76.43" municipality="Thiruvananthapuram District" name="Sreenivasapuram" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" stateProvince="Kerala">Sreenivasapuram</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE50F2EAFFA4E63DFB5E3D1BB176FCB1" box="[1254,1336,842,868]" degrees="8.43" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" precision="555" value="8.43">8.43°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE50F2EAFFA4E63DFAF13D1BB1E9FCB1" box="[1353,1447,842,868]" degrees="76.43" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" precision="555" value="76.43">76.43°E</geoCoordinate>
, elev.
<quantity id="4C9C39C8FFA4E63DFF7B3D3FB4B0FC5C" box="[195,254,878,905]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" unit="m" value="44.0">
<elevation id="0049731EFFA4E63DFF7B3D3FB4B0FC5C" box="[195,254,878,905]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" unit="m" value="44.0">44 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDAB2EDFFA4E63DFEB23D3FB5E6FC5D" box="[266,424,878,904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" value="2023-04-13">
<collectingDate id="EF9E4B05FFA4E63DFEB23D3FB5E6FC5D" box="[266,424,878,904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" value="2023-04-13">13 April 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B910483FFFA4E63DFE0B3D3EB688FC5D" box="[435,710,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">
Nayana
<collectionCode id="ED750CE8FFA4E63DFDA93D3FB619FC5D" box="[529,599,878,904]" country="India" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14234" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14234" name="Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" type="Herbarium">TBGT</collectionCode>
(M)19475
</emphasis>
! GenBank: PP741633 (
<collectionCode id="ED750CE8FFA4E63DFC693D3FB04EFC5D" box="[977,1024,878,904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">ITS</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCode id="DBC23C56FFA4E63DFBAC3D3FB0C6FC5D" box="[1044,1160,878,904]" collectionCode="ITS" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">PP741636</specimenCode>
(
<collectionCode id="ED750CE8FFA4E63DFB2F3D3FB09CFC5D" box="[1175,1234,878,904]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15590" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15590" name="Louisiana State University - Herbarium" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" type="Herbarium">LSU</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB942DFFA4E63DFF053DC3B7C3FC79" blockId="7.[136,1452,734,2021]" box="[189,909,914,941]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFA4E63DFF053DC3B57BFC79" box="[189,309,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">Etymology</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="4C64EFAEFFA4E63DFEE13DC3B64EFC79" box="[345,512,914,940]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Psathyrellaceae" genus="Candolleomyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="rubrobrunneus">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFA4E63DFEE13DC3B64EFC79" box="[345,512,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">rubrobrunneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, refers to the reddish brown pileus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37EC7A6FFA4E630FF053DE6B7F8FEF1" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="265" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDB942DFFA4E63DFF053DE6B023FB18" blockId="7.[136,1452,734,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFA4E63DFF053DE6B50FFC05" box="[189,321,951,976]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">Description</emphasis>
:—Basidiomata small to medium sized, thin. Pileus
<quantity id="4C9C39C8FFA4E63DFC193DE7B053FC04" box="[929,1053,950,977]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" unit="mm" value="21.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="12.0">12–30 mm</quantity>
diam., conical to convex in buds, turning plano-convex, applanate to slightly uplifted with a small obtuse umbo at centre when mature; surface reddish brown to dark brown (8E4–8E6/8F5–8F7/9E4–9F5), hydrophanous, becoming orange gray (5B2) or brownish orange (5C3) with pale brown fibrillose to floccose evanescent velar squamules scattered throughout, pellucid striate, dry; margin straight, entire. Lamellae adnexed, grayish orange to brown (6C2–6E4), up to
<quantity id="4C9C39C8FFA4E63DFB813A17B0C1FBB4" box="[1081,1167,1094,1121]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
, crowded with lamellulae of different lengths; edge concolourous to the sides, fimbriate. Stipe 20–50 ×
<quantity id="4C9C39C8FFA4E63DFBA93A3BB03DFB50" box="[1041,1139,1130,1157]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 mm</quantity>
, central, cylindrical, equal, straight or slightly curved, hollow, brittle; surface white, pruinose at the apex, minutely floccose towards base in some; base with white strigose hairs. Context concolorous to the pileus,
<quantity id="4C9C39C8FFA4E63DFCD03AE3B7E5FB18" box="[872,939,1202,1229]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
, soft. Odor none.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB942DFFA4E63DFF053A87B0BDF8D9" blockId="7.[136,1452,734,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">Basidiospores 7.2–8.0 × 4.0–4.8 µm (avL= 7.68 µm, avW= 4.38 µm), Q= 1.58–2.0 (Qm= 1.75), ellipsoid to elongate, brownish yellow in water, olive brown in 3% aqueous KOH, thick-walled, smooth, with a small distinct germ pore and minute hilar appendix. Basidia 13.1–15.2 × 6.3–8.1 µm, clavate, 2, 4-spored, thin-walled, hyaline. Lamella edge sterile with crowded cheilocystidia and paracystidia. Cheilocystidia abundant, 18.3–32.3 × 9.1–12.7 µm, polymorphic, utriform, broadly utriform, lageniform, broadly fusiform, ovoid, rarely bifurcate with an obtuse, capitate, subcapitate, flexuose or mucronate apex, thin- or slightly thick-walled, hyaline. Paracystidia moderately abundant, 10.3–15.3 × 6.6–9.4 µm, globose, subglobose to sphaeropedunculate, thin-walled, hyaline. Pleurocystidia absent. Hymenophoral trama regular, thin-walled, hyaline, inflated, 2.4–21.4 µm wide hyphae slightly constricted at septa. Subhymenium pseudoparenchymatous. Pileal trama composed of thin-walled, encrusted, inflated, 4.0–19.5 µm wide, hyaline to brown hyphae. Subcuticular hyphae brown in KOH. Pileipellis an epithelium, made up of clavate, ellipsoid, pyriform elements, 23–50 × 18–30 µm, thin-walled, hyaline. Veil composed of 4.5–9.2 µm wide, branched, rarely encrusted, thin- to moderately thick-walled, hyaline to golden brown hyphae. Stipitipellis a cutis composed of thin-walled, hyaline, 2.6–22.0 µm broad encrusted hyphae slightly constricted at septa. Stipe apex with caulocystidia and paracystidia. Caulocystidia abundant, crowded or scattered, 22.7–53.4 × 8.5–14.6 µm, cylindrical, utriform with an obtuse, subcapitate, rarely mucronate apex, slightly thick-walled, hyaline. Paracystidia scattered, rare, 13.6–17.6 × 8.9–11.7 µm, subglobose, clavate, thin-walled, and hyaline. Clamp connections present in all tissues.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB942DFFA4E63DFF053947B1C2F8E5" blockId="7.[136,1452,734,2021]" box="[189,1420,1814,1841]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFA4E63DFF053947B646F8E5" box="[189,520,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">Habit, habitat and phenology</emphasis>
:—Solitary, scattered in groups or caespitose on soil. This species fruits in April.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB942DFFA4E63DFF05396BB058F8AC" blockId="7.[136,1452,734,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFA4E63DFF05396BB66CF881" box="[189,546,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">Additional specimens examined</emphasis>
:—
<materialsCitation id="3B0C9E70FFA4E63DFDFD396BB60AF8AD" collectingDate="2023-04-21" collectionCode="TBGT" country="India" location="Sreenivasapuram" municipality="Thiruvananthapuram District" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
<collectingCountry id="F373D4BDFFA4E63DFDFD396BB6CDF881" box="[581,643,1850,1876]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">India</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49A05ACFFFA4E63DFD37396BB753F881" box="[655,797,1850,1876]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">Kerala State</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBF0E57FFA4E63DFC91396BB03AF881" box="[809,1140,1850,1876]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">Thiruvananthapuram District</collectingMunicipality>
. Varkala,
<location id="8EBBC2F6FFA4E63DFB5B396BB1E6F881" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD253BFFA4E630FF303C23B7F8FEF1:8EBBC2F6FFA4E63DFB5B396BB1E6F881" box="[1251,1448,1850,1876]" country="India" municipality="Thiruvananthapuram District" name="Sreenivasapuram" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" stateProvince="Kerala">Sreenivasapuram</location>
:
<date id="FFDAB2EDFFA4E63DFF30390FB569F8AD" box="[136,295,1886,1912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" value="2023-04-21">
<collectingDate id="EF9E4B05FFA4E63DFF30390FB569F8AD" box="[136,295,1886,1912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" value="2023-04-21">21 April 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B910483FFFA4E63DFE8A390EB60AF8AD" box="[306,580,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">
Nayana
<collectionCode id="ED750CE8FFA4E63DFE28390FB59BF8AD" box="[400,469,1886,1912]" country="India" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14234" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14234" name="Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" type="Herbarium">TBGT</collectionCode>
(M)19476
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B0C9E70FFA4E63DFDEB390FB05EF8AD" box="[595,1040,1886,1912]" collectingDate="2023-04-22" collectionCode="TBGT" country="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
<date id="FFDAB2EDFFA4E63DFDEB390FB6BCF8AD" box="[595,754,1886,1912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" value="2023-04-22">
<collectingDate id="EF9E4B05FFA4E63DFDEB390FB6BCF8AD" box="[595,754,1886,1912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" value="2023-04-22">22 April 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B910483FFFA4E63DFD45390EB05EF8AD" box="[765,1040,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">
Nayana
<collectionCode id="ED750CE8FFA4E63DFCE3390FB7EEF8AD" box="[859,928,1886,1912]" country="India" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14234" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14234" name="Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" type="Herbarium">TBGT</collectionCode>
(M)19477
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB942DFFA4E63DFF0539D3B76AF830" blockId="7.[136,1452,734,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFA4E63DFF0539D3B54EF849" bold="true" box="[189,256,1922,1948]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">Notes</emphasis>
:—Reddish brown to dark brown hygrophanous pileus, ellipsoid to elongate basidiospores with a distinct germ pore, polymorphic cheilocystidia, abundant cylindrical to utriform caulocystidia, and hyphal velar squamules with golden brown contents characterize
<taxonomicName id="4C64EFAEFFA4E63DFDED399AB753F831" box="[597,797,1994,2021]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Psathyrellaceae" genus="Candolleomyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="rubrobrunneus">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFA4E63DFDED399AB753F831" box="[597,797,1994,2021]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">C. rubrobrunneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1BC4A5FFABE632FF30385FB64DF99D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217950" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217950/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="263" startId="8.[136,229,1550,1572]" targetBox="[153,1435,192,1526]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BDB942DFFABE632FF30385FB64DF99D" blockId="8.[136,1451,1550,1609]" pageId="8" pageNumber="263">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFABE632FF30385FB4B2F9F1" bold="true" box="[136,252,1550,1572]" pageId="8" pageNumber="263">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C64EFAEFFABE632FEB9385EB67DF9F1" box="[257,563,1551,1572]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Psathyrellaceae" genus="Candolleomyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="263" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="rubrobrunneus">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFABE632FEB9385EB67DF9F1" box="[257,563,1551,1572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="263">Candolleomyces rubrobrunneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(TBGT(M)19475, holotype).
<emphasis id="B910483FFFABE632FCEA385FB7C8F9F1" bold="true" box="[850,902,1550,1572]" pageId="8" pageNumber="263">A–C.</emphasis>
Habit
<emphasis id="B910483FFFABE632FC7E385EB04EF9F1" box="[966,1024,1551,1572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="263">in situ</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B910483FFFABE632FBB3385EB06DF9F1" bold="true" box="[1035,1059,1551,1572]" pageId="8" pageNumber="263">D.</emphasis>
Basidiomata with mature lamellae. Scale bars = 10 mm. Photos by: P.K. Nayana.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDB942DFFABE632FF053826B155F82C" blockId="8.[136,1452,1655,2042]" pageId="8" pageNumber="263">
Phylogenetically
<taxonomicName id="4C64EFAEFFABE632FEC73829B608F944" box="[383,582,1655,1682]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Psathyrellaceae" genus="Candolleomyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="263" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="rubrobrunneus">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFABE632FEC73829B608F944" box="[383,582,1655,1682]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="263">C. rubrobrunneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows close relationship to
<taxonomicName id="4C64EFAEFFABE632FCC43829B4FEF960" authority="Haqnawas, Niazi &amp; Khalid (2023: 23)" authorityName="Haqnawas, Niazi &amp; Khalid" authorityPageNumber="23" authorityYear="2023" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Psathyrellaceae" genus="Candolleomyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="263" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sindhudeltae">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFABE632FCC43829B065F944" box="[892,1067,1655,1682]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="263">C. sindhudeltae</emphasis>
Haqnawas, Niazi &amp; Khalid (2023: 23)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C64EFAEFFABE632FF0738CDB6B7F960" authority="A. Izhar, M. Asif &amp; Khalid (2023: 9)" authorityName="A. Izhar, M. Asif &amp; Khalid" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="2023" box="[191,761,1691,1718]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Psathyrellaceae" genus="Candolleomyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="263" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sultanii">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFABE632FF0738CDB579F960" box="[191,311,1691,1718]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="263">C. sultanii</emphasis>
A. Izhar, M. Asif &amp; Khalid (2023: 9)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C64EFAEFFABE632FCB138CDB1E5F960" ID-CoL="B2S7H" authority="(Murrill) D. Wacht. &amp; A. Melzer (2020: 1230)" authorityName="D. Wacht. &amp; A. Melzer (2020:" authorityPageNumber="1230" authorityYear="1230" baseAuthorityName="Murrill" box="[777,1451,1691,1718]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Psathyrellaceae" genus="Candolleomyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="263" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="albipes">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFABE632FCB138CDB730F960" box="[777,894,1691,1718]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="263">C. albipes</emphasis>
(Murrill) D. Wächt. &amp; A. Melzer (2020: 1230)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C64EFAEFFABE632FF023891B73EF90C" ID-CoL="9Z2GF" authority="(Sacc.) D. Wacht. &amp; A. Melzer (2020: 1233)" authorityName="D. Wacht. &amp; A. Melzer (2020:" authorityPageNumber="1233" authorityYear="1233" baseAuthorityName="Sacc." box="[186,880,1727,1754]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Psathyrellaceae" genus="Candolleomyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="263" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="efflorescens">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFABE632FF023891B52FF90C" box="[186,353,1727,1754]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="263">C. efflorescens</emphasis>
(Sacc.) D. Wächt. &amp; A. Melzer (2020: 1233)
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C64EFAEFFABE632FCC538EEB080F90C" authorityName="Haqnawas, Niazi &amp; Khalid" authorityYear="2023" box="[893,1230,1727,1753]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Psathyrellaceae" genus="Candolleomyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="263" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sindhudeltae">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFABE632FCC538EEB080F90C" box="[893,1230,1727,1753]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="263">Candolleomyces sindhudeltae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C64EFAEFFABE632FAB13891B1CEF90C" authorityName="A. Izhar, M. Asif &amp; Khalid" authorityYear="2023" box="[1289,1408,1727,1754]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Psathyrellaceae" genus="Candolleomyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="263" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sultanii">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFABE632FAB13891B1CEF90C" box="[1289,1408,1727,1754]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="263">C. sultanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are recently described species from
<collectingCountry id="F373D4BDFFABE632FDB938B2B62AF928" box="[513,612,1763,1789]" name="Pakistan" pageId="8" pageNumber="263">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
. Slightly larger areolate pileus (
<quantity id="4C9C39C8FFABE632FC6338B2B010F928" box="[987,1118,1763,1789]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="263" unit="mm" value="26.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="13.0">13–40 mm</quantity>
), annulate stipe, and smaller basidiospores (7.0–7.8 × 4.0–4.6 µm) differentiate
<taxonomicName id="4C64EFAEFFABE632FD703959B737F8F4" authorityName="Haqnawas, Niazi &amp; Khalid" authorityYear="2023" box="[712,889,1799,1826]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Psathyrellaceae" genus="Candolleomyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="263" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sindhudeltae">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFABE632FD703959B737F8F4" box="[712,889,1799,1826]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="263">C. sindhudeltae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C64EFAEFFABE632FC073959B0C6F8F4" box="[959,1160,1799,1826]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Psathyrellaceae" genus="Candolleomyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="263" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="rubrobrunneus">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFABE632FC073959B0C6F8F4" box="[959,1160,1799,1826]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="263">C. rubrobrunneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C64EFAEFFABE632FB2E3956B1E5F8F4" authorityName="A. Izhar, M. Asif &amp; Khalid" authorityYear="2023" box="[1174,1451,1799,1825]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Psathyrellaceae" genus="Candolleomyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="263" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sultanii">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFABE632FB2E3956B1E5F8F4" box="[1174,1451,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="263">Candolleomyces sultanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished by its slightly larger pileus (
<quantity id="4C9C39C8FFABE632FD1A397AB751F890" box="[674,799,1835,1861]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="263" unit="mm" value="26.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="13.0">13–40 mm</quantity>
), annulate stipe and slightly smaller basidiospores (7.0–7.8 × 4.0–4.6 µm).
<taxonomicName id="4C64EFAEFFABE632FE8A391EB60FF8BC" ID-CoL="B2S7H" authorityName="D. Wacht. &amp; A. Melzer (2020:" authorityYear="1230" baseAuthorityName="Murrill" box="[306,577,1871,1897]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Psathyrellaceae" genus="Candolleomyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="263" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="albipes">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFABE632FE8A391EB60FF8BC" box="[306,577,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="263">Candolleomyces albipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described from Africa differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C64EFAEFFABE632FC7F3901B0C3F8BC" box="[967,1165,1871,1898]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Psathyrellaceae" genus="Candolleomyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="263" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="rubrobrunneus">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFABE632FC7F3901B0C3F8BC" box="[967,1165,1871,1898]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="263">C. rubrobrunneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its pale grayish orange to pale gray, smaller (04–
<quantity id="4C9C39C8FFABE632FE1A3922B5BEF858" box="[418,496,1907,1933]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="263" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
) convex pileus, slightly smaller (7.0–7.8 × 4.0–4.6 µm) basidiospores, smaller (19–24 × 9.0–13.5 µm) clavate cheilocystidia and lignicolous habitat (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5E9DCFFABE632FC8639C6B001F864" author="Desjardin, D. E. &amp; Perry, B. A." box="[830,1103,1943,1970]" pageId="8" pageNumber="263" pagination="359 - 391" refId="ref6134" refString="Desjardin, D. E. &amp; Perry, B. A. (2016) Dark-spored species of Agaricineae from Republic of Sao Tome and Principe, West Africa. Mycosphere 7 (3): 359 - 391. https: // doi. org / 10.5943 / mycosphere / 7 / 3 / 8" type="journal article" year="2016">Desjardin &amp; Perry 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B910483FFFABE632FBD839C6B1E5F864" box="[1120,1451,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="263">
<taxonomicName id="4C64EFAEFFABE632FBD839C6B1E6F864" ID-CoL="9Z2GF" authorityName="D. Wacht. &amp; A. Melzer (2020:" authorityYear="1233" baseAuthorityName="Sacc." box="[1120,1448,1943,1969]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Psathyrellaceae" genus="Candolleomyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="263" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="efflorescens">Candolleomyces efflorescens</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
originally described from
<collectingCountry id="F373D4BDFFABE632FE1539EAB650F800" box="[429,542,1979,2005]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="8" pageNumber="263">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
, is distinguished by its smaller (05–
<quantity id="4C9C39C8FFABE632FC0A39EAB04BF800" box="[946,1029,1979,2006]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="263" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
), convex, pinkish gray, rugose pileus, truncate basidiospores, smaller subglobose to ovoid cheilocystidia and lignicolous habitat (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5E9DCFFABE632FB3A398EB140F82C" author="Pegler, D. N." box="[1154,1294,2015,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="263" pagination="1 - 519" refId="ref7244" refString="Pegler, D. N. (1986) Agaric flora of Sri Lanka. Kew Bulletin Additional Series 12: 1 - 519." type="book chapter" year="1986">Pegler 1986</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1BC4A5FFAAE633FF30392FB05CF86D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217952" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217952/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="264" startId="9.[136,229,1918,1940]" targetBox="[151,1435,190,1894]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BDB942DFFAAE633FF30392FB05CF86D" blockId="9.[136,1451,1918,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFAAE633FF30392FB54DF841" bold="true" box="[136,259,1918,1940]" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C64EFAEFFAAE633FEB7392EB606F841" box="[271,584,1919,1940]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Psathyrellaceae" genus="Candolleomyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="9" pageNumber="264" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="rubrobrunneus">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFAAE633FEB7392EB606F841" box="[271,584,1919,1940]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">Candolleomyces rubrobrunneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(TBGT(M)19475, holotype).
<emphasis id="B910483FFFAAE633FCC3392EB7DCF841" bold="true" box="[891,914,1919,1940]" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">A.</emphasis>
Basidia;
<emphasis id="B910483FFFAAE633FC40392EB040F841" bold="true" box="[1016,1038,1919,1940]" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">B.</emphasis>
Basidiospores;
<emphasis id="B910483FFFAAE633FB0B392FB0A3F841" bold="true" box="[1203,1261,1918,1940]" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">C, D.</emphasis>
Cheilocystidia;
<emphasis id="B910483FFFAAE633FA2D392EB1E5F841" bold="true" box="[1429,1451,1919,1940]" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">E.</emphasis>
Pileipellis;
<emphasis id="B910483FFFAAE633FF4D39F2B549F86D" bold="true" box="[245,263,1955,1976]" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">F.</emphasis>
Caulocystidia. Scale bars:
<emphasis id="B910483FFFAAE633FDB439F2B677F86D" bold="true" box="[524,569,1955,1976]" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">A, B</emphasis>
= 10 µm
<emphasis id="B910483FFFAAE633FD2F39F3B68AF86D" bold="true" box="[663,708,1954,1976]" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">C–F</emphasis>
= 20 µm. Photos by: P.K. Nayana.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDB942DFFAAE633FF0539B6B1E5F7D4" blockId="9.[136,1452,2023,2086]" box="[189,1451,2023,2050]" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">
<taxonomicName id="4C64EFAEFFAAE633FF0539B6B79AF7D4" ID-CoL="B2QBS" authority="M. Asif, A. Izhar, Niazi &amp; Khalid (2022: 180)" authorityName="M. Asif, A. Izhar, Niazi &amp; Khalid" authorityPageNumber="180" authorityYear="2022" box="[189,980,2023,2050]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Psathyrellaceae" genus="Candolleomyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="9" pageNumber="264" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="asiaticus">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFAAE633FF0539B6B591F7D4" box="[189,479,2023,2049]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">Candolleomyces asiaticus</emphasis>
M.Asif,A. Izhar, Niazi &amp; Khalid (2022: 180)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C64EFAEFFAAE633FBBE39B9B116F7D7" authority="P. K. Nayana" authorityName="P. K. Nayana" box="[1030,1368,2023,2050]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Psathyrellaceae" genus="Candolleomyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="9" pageNumber="264" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="niveofloccosus">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFAAE633FBBE39B9B087F7D4" box="[1030,1225,2023,2050]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">C. niveofloccosus</emphasis>
P.K. Nayana
</taxonomicName>
&amp; C.K.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB942DFFAAE630FF30365AB7F8FEF1" blockId="9.[136,1452,2023,2086]" lastBlockId="10.[136,1451,158,293]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="265" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">
Pradeep (2023: 475) are recently described species and closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C64EFAEFFAAE633FC0D365DB035F7F0" box="[949,1147,2059,2086]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Psathyrellaceae" genus="Candolleomyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="9" pageNumber="264" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="rubrobrunneus">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFAAE633FC0D365DB035F7F0" box="[949,1147,2059,2086]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">C. rubrobrunneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C64EFAEFFAAE633FB31365AB1E2F7F0" authorityName="M. Asif, A. Izhar, Niazi &amp; Khalid" authorityYear="2022" box="[1161,1452,2059,2085]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Psathyrellaceae" genus="Candolleomyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="9" pageNumber="264" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="asiaticus">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFAAE633FB31365AB1E2F7F0" box="[1161,1452,2059,2085]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">Candolleomyces asiaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares similarities in pileus size, basidiospores, cheilocystidia, and caulocystidia; however, it differs in its white pileal veil, basidiospores with an indistinct germ pore and molecularly by 23 base pairs in the ITS region.
<taxonomicName id="4C64EFAEFFA9E630FB4A3E93B563FED5" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Psathyrellaceae" genus="Candolleomyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="10" pageNumber="265" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="niveofloccosus">
<emphasis id="B910483FFFA9E630FB4A3E93B563FED5" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="265">Candolleomyces niveofloccosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished by its slightly larger pileus (
<quantity id="4C9C39C8FFA9E630FCE73EB7B791FED5" box="[863,991,230,256]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="31.0" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="20.0">20–42 mm</quantity>
), white pileal veil, basidiospores with an indistinct germ pore, and molecularly by 20 base pairs in the ITS region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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