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<mods:title id="56822CD3E9C08CAC8C31F85C7A1A8F74">Updating the knowledge of the flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Chile: Illustrated catalog, extinction risk and biological notes</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F298F31CED0AD88027D60DB5019730DA">Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="203B97AA7B5D0E4DA9E4CBA3A3F7F033">Riera, Pamela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="62F49BA18B941D655A35DF649AFFF877">Pañinao-Monsálvez, Laura</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FF2218C0FF270FA1FDE6FF64" ID-CoL="57LXF" authority="(Fabricius, 1798)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[151,598,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Toxomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floralis">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2218C0FF270FA1FDE6FF64" bold="true" box="[151,598,151,178]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2218C0FF270FA1FECBFF67" bold="true" box="[151,379,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Toxomerus floralis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2218C0FE3A0FA1FDFEFF64" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[394,590,151,177]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refId="ref127988" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1798) Supplementum entomologiae systematicae. C. G. Proft et Storch, Hafniae [Copenhagen], 572 pp." type="book" year="1798">Fabricius, 1798</bibRefCitation>
)
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF5D447FF2218C0FF270FEAFDA0FF26" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[151,528,219,244]" page="563" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" year="1798">
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FF2218C0FF270FEAFDA0FF26" ID-CoL="897N6" authority="Fabricius, 1798: 563" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="563" authorityYear="1798" box="[151,528,219,244]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Syrphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floralis">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2218C0FF270FEAFE88FF21" box="[151,312,220,244]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Syrphus floralis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2218C0FE8F0FEAFDA0FF26" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[319,528,219,244]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refId="ref127988" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1798) Supplementum entomologiae systematicae. C. G. Proft et Storch, Hafniae [Copenhagen], 572 pp." type="book" year="1798">Fabricius, 1798: 563</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB44D578FF2218C0FF270FCDFDA2FEC7" box="[151,530,250,274]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF5D447FF2218C0FF270FCDFDB8FEC7" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[151,520,250,274]" page="253" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" year="1805">
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FF2218C0FF270FCDFDB8FEC7" authority="Fabricius, 1805: 253" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="253" authorityYear="1805" box="[151,520,250,274]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Scaeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floralis">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2218C0FF270FCDFE9EFEC7" box="[151,302,250,274]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Scaeva floralis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2218C0FE850FCCFDB8FEC7" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[309,520,250,274]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refId="ref128080" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1805) Systema antliatorum: secundum ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. C. Reichard, Brunsvigae, 30 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15806" type="book" year="1805">Fabricius, 1805: 253</bibRefCitation>
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*
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB44D578FF2218C0FF270E2FFD8EFEE4" box="[151,574,281,305]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF5D447FF2218C0FF270E2FFD8EFEE4" author="Bigot, J. M. F." box="[151,574,281,305]" page="337" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" year="1857">
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FF2218C0FF270E2FFD8EFEE4" ID-CoL="543RG" authority="Bigot, 1857: 337" authorityName="Bigot" authorityPageNumber="337" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,574,281,305]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Syrphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrifasciatus">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2218C0FF270E2FFE3DFEE4" box="[151,397,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Syrphus quadrifasciatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2218C0FE230E2FFD8EFEE4" author="Bigot, J. M. F." box="[403,574,281,305]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="277 - 308" refId="ref124446" refString="Bigot, J. M. F. (1857) Dipteres nouveaux provenant du Chili. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Series 3, 5, 277 - 308." type="journal article" year="1857">Bigot, 1857: 337</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB44D578FF2218C0FF270E0EFDE7FE9A" box="[151,599,311,336]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF5D447FF2218C0FF270E0EFDE7FE9A" author="Loew, H." box="[151,599,311,336]" page="157" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" year="1866">
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FF2218C0FF270E0EFDE7FE9A" authority="Loew, 1866: 157" authorityName="Loew" authorityPageNumber="157" authorityYear="1866" box="[151,599,311,336]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Mesogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Asterales" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subannulata">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2218C0FF270E0EFE16FE85" box="[151,422,312,336]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Mesogramma subannulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2218C0FE1C0E0EFDE7FE9A" author="Loew, H." box="[428,599,311,335]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="127 - 186" refId="ref132251" refString="Loew, H. (1866) Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena. Centuria sexta. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 9, 127 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 18650090303." type="journal article" year="1866">Loew, 1866: 157</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB44D578FF2218C0FF270E61FDF4FEBB" box="[151,580,342,366]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF5D447FF2218C0FF270E61FD89FEBB" author="Schiner, I. R." box="[151,569,342,366]" page="347" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" year="1868">
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FF2218C0FF270E61FD89FEBB" authority="Schiner, 1868: 347" authorityName="Schiner" authorityPageNumber="347" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,569,342,366]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Mesogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Asterales" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="floralis">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2218C0FF270E61FEC2FEBB" box="[151,370,342,366]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Mesogramma floralis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2218C0FEC80E60FD89FEBB" author="Schiner, I. R." box="[376,569,342,366]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refId="ref138832" refString="Schiner, I. R. (1868) Diptera. In: von Wullerstorf-Urbair, B. (Ed.), Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859, unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wullerstorf-Urbair. K. Gerold, Vienna, pp. 1 - 388." type="journal volume" year="1868">Schiner, 1868: 347</bibRefCitation>
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*
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2218C0FF270E40FDD6FE58" blockId="152.[151,614,219,458]" box="[151,614,373,397]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB44D578FF2218C0FF270E40FDD6FE58" box="[151,614,373,397]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF5D447FF2218C0FF270E40FDEBFE58" author="Kertesz, K." box="[151,603,373,397]" page="150" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" year="1910">
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FF2218C0FF270E40FDEBFE58" authority="Kertesz, 1910: 150" authorityName="Kertesz" authorityPageNumber="150" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,603,373,397]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Toxomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subannulatus">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2218C0FF270E40FE23FE58" box="[151,403,373,397]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Toxomerus subannulatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2218C0FE290E43FDEBFE58" author="Kertesz, K." box="[409,603,373,397]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refId="ref131114" refString="Kertesz, K. (1910) Catalogus dipterorum hucusque descriptorum. Vol. 7. G. Engelmann Budapestini, 470 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5141" type="book" year="1910">Kertész, 1910: 150</bibRefCitation>
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*
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2218C0FF270EA2FDF5FE79" blockId="152.[151,614,219,458]" box="[151,581,404,428]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB44D578FF2218C0FF270EA2FDF5FE79" box="[151,581,404,428]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF5D447FF2218C0FF270EA2FDF5FE79" author="Hull, F. M." box="[151,581,404,428]" page="312" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" year="1941">
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FF2218C0FF270EA2FDF5FE79" authority="Hull, 1941 a: 312" authorityName="Hull" authorityPageNumber="312" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,581,404,428]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Mesogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Asterales" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flamminea">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2218C0FF270EA2FE24FE79" box="[151,404,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Mesogramma flamminea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2218C0FE2A0EA2FDF5FE79" author="Hull, F. M." box="[410,581,404,428]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="61 - 63" refId="ref130027" refString="Hull, F. M. (1941 a) Some new species of Syrphidae. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 14, 61 - 63." type="journal article" year="1941">Hull, 1941a: 312</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2218C0FF270E85FD90FE1F" blockId="152.[151,614,219,458]" box="[151,544,434,458]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FF2218C0FF270E85FDA6FE1F" authority="Fluke, 1956: 223" authorityName="Fluke" authorityPageNumber="223" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,534,434,458]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Mesograpta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floralis">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2218C0FF270E85FED1FE1F" box="[151,353,434,458]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Mesograpta floralis</emphasis>
Fluke, 1956: 223
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*
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<typeStatus id="54EF4CF4FF2218C0FF270ECFFF62FDC6" box="[151,210,505,531]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Type</typeStatus>
locality and data.
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“Cajenne” (HT,
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFF2218C0FDD40ECFFDCBFDC6" box="[612,635,505,531]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFF2218C0FD370ECFFD2CFDC6" box="[647,668,505,531]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED456A93FF2218C0FD1A0ECFFCB0FDC6" box="[682,768,505,531]" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/e6k7-be53" name="Universidad del Zulia" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">UZMC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2218C0FF770D2AFCA5FDAA" blockId="152.[151,1437,504,1106]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2218C0FF770D2AFE07FDE3" bold="true" box="[199,439,540,566]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49903CB4FF2218C0FE740D2AFD15FDE3" box="[452,677,540,567]" country="Chile" name="Arica y Parinacota" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Arica y Parinacota</collectingRegion>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B3CF80BFF2218C0FD050D2BFCA1FDAA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080455323" collectingDate="1967-09" collectingDateMax="1976-02-25" collectingDateMin="1967-09" collectorName=" N. Hichins " location="UTA" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Utah">
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFF2218C0FD050D2BFD6AFDE2" box="[693,730,541,567]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFF2218C0FD5C0D2BFCBFFDE2" box="[748,783,541,567]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Cica,
<date id="FFEAD496FF2218C0FCDB0D2AFC5DFDE3" box="[875,1005,540,566]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" value="1968-06-12">
<collectingDate id="EFAE2D7EFF2218C0FCDB0D2AFC5DFDE3" box="[875,1005,540,566]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" value="1968-06-12">12.VI.1968</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26A19780FF2218C0FC4F0D2BFB0EFDE3" box="[1023,1214,540,567]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Leg. N. Hichins</collectorName>
(
<collectingRegion id="49903CB4FF2218C0FB630D2BFAA1FDE2" box="[1235,1297,541,567]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">UTA</collectingRegion>
);
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFF2218C0FA9A0D2BFAFDFDE2" box="[1322,1357,541,567]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Lluta CAMPEX,
<date id="FFEAD496FF2218C0FEAE0D76FECDFD8F" box="[286,381,576,602]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" value="1967-09">
<collectingDate id="EFAE2D7EFF2218C0FEAE0D76FECDFD8F" box="[286,381,576,602]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" value="1967-09">IX.1967</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26A19780FF2218C0FE3C0D77FDFFFD8F" box="[396,591,576,603]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Leg. A. Aguilera</collectorName>
(
<collectingRegion id="49903CB4FF2218C0FDD20D77FD10FD8E" box="[610,672,577,603]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">UTA</collectingRegion>
);
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFF2218C0FD070D77FD6AFD8E" box="[695,730,577,603]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Cuya, Camarones,
<date id="FFEAD496FF2218C0FC790D76FBF0FD8E" box="[969,1088,576,603]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" value="1976-02-25">
<collectingDate id="EFAE2D7EFF2218C0FC790D76FBF0FD8E" box="[969,1088,576,603]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" value="1976-02-25">25.II.1976</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26A19780FF2218C0FBE00D77FABAFD8F" box="[1104,1290,576,603]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Leg. N. Hichins</collectorName>
(
<collectingRegion id="49903CB4FF2218C0FAAD0D77FAEBFD8E" box="[1309,1371,577,603]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">UTA</collectingRegion>
);
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFF2218C0FAC20D77FA28FD8E" box="[1394,1432,577,603]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectorName id="26A19780FF2218C0FF270D52FF6BFDAB" box="[151,219,612,638]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Chica</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26A19780FF2218C0FF570D52FE98FDAB" box="[231,296,612,638]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Picha</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26A19780FF2218C0FE830D52FEC1FDAB" box="[307,369,612,638]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Lluta</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFEAD496FF2218C0FECC0D52FE4EFDAB" box="[380,510,612,638]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" value="1969-11-12">
<collectingDate id="EFAE2D7EFF2218C0FECC0D52FE4EFDAB" box="[380,510,612,638]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" value="1969-11-12">12.XI.1969</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26A19780FF2218C0FDB90D53FD0CFDAB" box="[521,700,612,639]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Leg. N. Hichins</collectorName>
(
<collectingRegion id="49903CB4FF2218C0FD7B0D53FCB9FDAA" box="[715,777,613,639]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">UTA</collectingRegion>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34EA1DDFF2218C0FF770DBEFB9FFC4A" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2218C0FF770DBEFEBAFCDA" blockId="152.[151,1437,504,1106]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2218C0FF770DBEFEE0FD77" bold="true" box="[199,336,648,674]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">References.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2218C0FEE90DBEFDF3FD76" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[345,579,648,675]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refId="ref127988" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1798) Supplementum entomologiae systematicae. C. G. Proft et Storch, Hafniae [Copenhagen], 572 pp." type="book" year="1798">Fabricius, 1798: 563</bibRefCitation>
(desc.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2218C0FD160DBEFC3FFD76" author="Williston, S. W." box="[678,911,648,675]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="308 - 324" refId="ref142863" refString="Williston, S. W. (1886) Catalog of the described species of South American Syrphidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 14, 308 - 324. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076478" type="journal article" year="1886">Williston, 1886: 312</bibRefCitation>
(cat.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2218C0FC520DBEFB14FD76" author="Hull, F. M." box="[994,1188,648,675]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="311 - 315" refId="ref130128" refString="Hull, F. M. (1941 d) Some new species of Syrphidae from South America. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 31, 311 - 315." type="journal article" year="1941">Hull, 1941d: 312</bibRefCitation>
(desc.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2218C0FAB80DBEFE9AFD12" author="Thompson, F. &amp; Vockeroth, J. R. &amp; Sedman, Y. S." pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="1 - 195" refId="ref141458" refString="Thompson, F. C, Vockeroth, J. R. &amp; Sedman, Y. S. (1976) Family Syrphidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalog of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Edanee, Sao Paulo, pp. 1 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49898" type="book chapter" year="1976">
Thompson
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2218C0FA380DBFFF04FD13" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
, 1976: 50
</bibRefCitation>
(cat.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2218C0FECF0D9AFDDFFD13" author="Thompson, F. C." box="[383,623,684,711]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref140476" refString="Thompson, F. C. (1981) The Flower Flies of the West Indies (Diptera, Syrphidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 9, 1 - 200." type="journal article" year="1981">Thompson, 1981: 68</bibRefCitation>
, (desc.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2218C0FD6A0D9AFBC7FD12" author="Thompson, F. C. &amp; Thompson, B. J." box="[730,1143,684,711]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="317 - 331" refId="ref141043" refString="Thompson, F. C. &amp; Thompson, B. J. (2006) A new Toxomerus species from Chile (Diptera, Syrphidae). Studia Dipterologica, 13, 317 - 331." type="journal article" year="2006">Thompson &amp; Thompson, 2006: 323</bibRefCitation>
(desc.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2218C0FB6D0D9BFF49FD3E" author="Borges, Z. M. &amp; Couri, M. S." pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref124925" refString="Borges, Z. M. &amp; Couri, M. S. (2009) Revision of Toxomerus Macquart, 1855 (Diptera, Syrphidae) from Brazil with synonymic notes, identification key to the species and description of three new species. Zootaxa, 2179 (1), 1 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2179.1.1" type="journal article" year="2009">Borges &amp; Couri, 2009: 35</bibRefCitation>
(desc.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2218C0FEE70DE7FD99FD3E" author="Reemer, M." box="[343,553,721,747]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="163 - 196" refId="ref136923" refString="Reemer, M. (2010) A second survey of Surinam Syrphidae (Diptera): Introduction and Syrphinae. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 153, 163 - 196. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 900000295" type="journal article" year="2010">Reemer, 2010: 191</bibRefCitation>
(desc.); Arcaya
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2218C0FD6C0DE7FCA3FD3F" box="[732,787,720,746]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015: 146 (ecological study);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2218C0FBDA0DE6FF71FCDA" author="Marin-Armijos, D. &amp; Quezada-Rios, N. &amp; Soto-Armijos, C. &amp; Mengual, X." pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="163 - 199" refId="ref132981" refString="Marin-Armijos, D., Quezada-Rios, N., Soto-Armijos, C. &amp; Mengual, X. (2017) Checklist of the flower flies of Ecuador (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys, 691, 163 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 691.13328" type="journal article" year="2017">
Marín-Armijos
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2218C0FAA90DE7FAE0FD3F" box="[1305,1360,720,746]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
, 2017: 180
</bibRefCitation>
(cat.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2218C0FF770C2FFB11FC83" blockId="152.[151,1437,504,1106]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2218C0FF770C2FFE07FCE7" bold="true" box="[199,439,792,819]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">World distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2218C0FE750C2EFD9EFCE7" box="[453,558,792,818]" name="Bahamas" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2218C0FDF20C2EFD39FCE7" box="[578,649,792,818]" name="Brazil" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2218C0FD2C0C2EFCBDFCE7" box="[668,781,792,818]" name="Colombia" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2218C0FC900C2FFC15FCE7" box="[800,933,792,819]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2218C0FC080C2EFC46FCE7" box="[952,1014,792,818]" name="Cuba" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Cuba</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2218C0FBB80C2EFBD9FCE7" box="[1032,1129,792,818]" name="Ecuador" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2218C0FBCC0C2EFAB9FCE7" box="[1148,1289,792,818]" name="El Salvador" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2218C0FAAC0C2EFA28FCE7" box="[1308,1432,792,818]" name="Guatemala" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
, Hispaniola,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2218C0FEAF0C0AFECCFC83" box="[287,380,828,854]" name="Jamaica" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
, Lesser Antilles,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2218C0FD8C0C0AFD24FC83" box="[572,660,828,854]" name="Mexico" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2218C0FD2F0C0AFCA5FC83" box="[671,789,828,854]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2218C0FC900C0BFC19FC83" box="[800,937,828,855]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2218C0FC030C0AFB96FC83" box="[947,1062,828,854]" name="Venezuela" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2218C0FBEC0C0AFB2CFC83" box="[1116,1180,828,854]" name="Chile" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Chile</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2218C0FF770C56FB83FCAE" blockId="152.[151,1437,504,1106]" box="[199,1075,864,891]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2218C0FF770C56FE70FCAF" bold="true" box="[199,448,864,890]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Chilean distribution.</emphasis>
Only recorded for
<collectingRegion id="49903CB4FF2218C0FD250C56FC05FCAF" box="[661,949,864,891]" country="Chile" name="Arica y Parinacota" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Arica y Parinacota region</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="136FEED3FF2218C0FC730C56FB97FCAE" box="[963,1063,864,891]" captionStart="FIGURE 220" captionStartId="158.[151,250,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[210,1373,200,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-23@158.[201,1386,181,1860]" captionTargetPageId="158" captionText="FIGURE 220. Distribution map of Toxomerus species in Chile: Toxomerus calceolatus (Macquart, 1842) (green circles); Toxomerus floralis (Fabricius, 1798) (light blue circles); Toxomerus politus (violet triangle); Toxomerus productus (Curran, 1930) (yellow circles); Toxomerus schlingeri Thompson &amp; Thompson, 2006 (blue circles); Toxomerus vertebratus (Rondani, 1863) (red triangle)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4693676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4693676/files/figure.png" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Fig. 220</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2218C0FF770CB2FB9FFC4A" blockId="152.[151,1437,504,1106]" box="[199,1071,900,927]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2218C0FF770CB2FE2CFC4A" bold="true" box="[199,412,900,927]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Altitudinal range.</emphasis>
From coastal to inland valley ecosystems (
<quantity id="4CAC5FB3FF2218C0FCCF0CB2FC5BFC4A" box="[895,1003,900,927]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.525" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.05" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" unit="m" value="252.5" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="5.0">
5–
<specimenCount id="9D5239DFFF2218C0FC2B0CB2FC5BFC4A" box="[923,1003,900,927]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" type="generic">500 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.a.s.l.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34EA1DDFF2218C0FF770C9EFD18FB87" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2218C0FF770C9EFA90FBDF" blockId="152.[151,1437,504,1106]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2218C0FF770C9EFE1AFC16" bold="true" box="[199,426,936,963]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Biology and notes.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FF2218C0FE050C9FFD3BFC17" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[437,651,936,962]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Toxomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floralis">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2218C0FE050C9FFD3BFC17" box="[437,651,936,962]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Toxomerus floralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a flower fly species widely distributed in Neotropical areas and probably associated with crops in Azapa, Camarones and Lluta valley.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FF2218C0FC700CFBFB17FC32" author="Arcaya, E. &amp; Mengual, X. &amp; Perez-Banon, C. &amp; Rojo, S." box="[960,1191,972,999]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="143 - 148" refId="ref123840" refString="Arcaya, E., Mengual, X., Perez-Banon, C. &amp; Rojo, S. (2013) Registros y distribucion de sirfidos depredadores (Diptera: Syrphidae: Syrphinae) en el estado Lara, Venezuela. Bioagro, 25, 143 - 148." type="journal article" year="2013">
Arcaya
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2218C0FBAA0CFBFBE4FC33" box="[1050,1108,972,998]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
recorded this species feeding on
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FF2218C0FEA40CC6FEC3FBDF" baseAuthorityName="Leach" baseAuthorityYear="1815" box="[276,371,1008,1034]" class="Insecta" family="Aphidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aphidae</taxonomicName>
and leafhopper insects. Biological aspects and potential prey in
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FF2218C0FBF30CC6FB30FBDF" box="[1091,1152,1008,1034]" name="Chile" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Chile</collectingCountry>
are unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FF2218C0FF770B22FD18FB87" blockId="152.[151,1437,504,1106]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FF2218C0FF770B22FE0AFBFA" bold="true" box="[199,442,1044,1071]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Conservation status.</emphasis>
LC; EOO =
<quantity id="4CAC5FB3FF2218C0FDF60B22FD2AFBFB" box="[582,666,1044,1070]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.08" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" unit="km" value="608.0">608 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C215F1EFF2218C0FD290B22FD11FBF7" attach="left" box="[665,673,1044,1058]" fontSize="6" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">2</superScript>
, AOO =
<quantity id="4CAC5FB3FF2218C0FCB50B23FCFAFBFB" box="[773,842,1044,1071]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C215F1EFF2218C0FCFA0B22FCE2FBF7" attach="left" box="[842,850,1044,1058]" fontSize="6" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">2</superScript>
and three localities (or subpopulations). This species is widely distributed for all Neotropical region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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