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<mods:title id="21B3853A9ACA11925CF084A3FA426CC4">Morphological and molecular analysis of Willowsia nigromaculata (Collembola, Entomobryidae, Entomobryinae) reveals a new cryptic species from the United States</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="05259261BB142AAD9547D015A567EFCA">Cipola, Nikolas G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D4E4B70A13AB5C853CB15D142BFF6417">Laboratório de Sistemática e Ecologia de Invertebrados do Solo, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, CPEN. Av. André Araújo, 2936, Aleixo, CEP 69067 ‾ 375, Manaus, AM, Brazil. Engineer Research and Development Center, 2902 Newmark Drive, Champaign, IL 61826, USA. Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2B3A79E8177B9CDB7803B43A0F26DA43">Katz, Aron D.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BE136C91D01D96CFE6A68578169FAD5" blockId="12.[350,1238,1346,1445]" box="[482,1105,1346,1373]" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">
<heading id="D0A981A51D01D96CFE6A68578169FAD5" box="[482,1105,1346,1373]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="104" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D4A1D01D96CFE6A68578606FAD5" authority="Cipola &amp; Katz, 2021" authorityName="Cipola &amp; Katz" authorityYear="2021" box="[482,830,1346,1373]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="12" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neonigromaculata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D01D96CFE6A68578606FAD5" bold="true" box="[482,830,1346,1373]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">Willowsia neonigromaculata</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21957A01D01D96CFCCD685686A7FAD5" box="[837,927,1347,1373]" pageId="12" pageNumber="104" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Katz &amp; Cipola
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<paragraph id="8BE136C91D01D96CFED6687281EEFA0A" blockId="12.[350,1238,1346,1445]" box="[350,1238,1383,1410]" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">
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<figureCitation id="13652A4C1D01D96CFD11689E8637FA2D" box="[665,783,1419,1445]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStartId-0="13.[189,232,1962,1988]" captionStartId-1="14.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionStartId-2="18.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionStartId-3="19.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1397,302,1863]" captionTargetBox-1="[251,1319,274,1857]" captionTargetBox-2="[190,1393,887,1816]" captionTargetBox-3="[237,1332,267,1791]" captionTargetId-0="figure-44@13.[189,1398,302,1863]" captionTargetId-1="figure-53@14.[251,1319,265,1857]" captionTargetId-2="figure-271@18.[189,1398,881,1818]" captionTargetId-3="figure-85@19.[237,1332,265,1791]" captionTargetPageId-0="13" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionTargetPageId-2="18" captionTargetPageId-3="19" captionText-0="Fig. 8. Willowsia neonigromaculata sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (INHS 810158), habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." captionText-1="Fig. 9. Willowsia neonigromaculata sp. nov., body parts (left side). A. Cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy. B. Maxillary outer lobe. C. Complete postlabial chaetotaxy. D. Abd V dorsal chaetotaxy. E. Manubrium dorsal chaetotaxy. Abbreviations: see Material and methods." captionText-2="Fig. 10. COI p-distance (uncorrected) frequency histogram (in gray) and boxplots comparing p-distances between A. Entomobryinae species. B. Entomobryinae sister species. C. Willowsia nigromaculata (Lubbock, 1873) (France and Toronto, Canada) and W. neonigromaculata sp. nov (USA and Brockville, Canada) clades (inter-specific distances). D. Lineages within the same W. nigromaculata or W. neonigromaculata sp. nov. clade (intra-specific distances)." captionText-3="Fig.11.BayesianconsensustreeestimatedwithMrBayesforEntomobryinae,includingthecladecomprised of Willowsia nigromaculata (Lubbock, 1873) from France and Canada and W. neonigromaculata sp. nov. from the USA and Canada (highlighted). MrBayes and BEAST posterior probabilities and RAxML bootstraps are indicated at each node, respectively. The ingroup node constrained as monophyletic for all phylogenetic analyses is indicated with an asterisk (*)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4611561" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4611565" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4611569" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4611573" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4611561/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4611565/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4611569/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4611573/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">Figs 8–11</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C6DC03721D01D96CFC93689E86A3FA2D" box="[795,923,1419,1445]" captionStart-0="Table 2" captionStart-1="Table 3" captionStartId-0="17.[189,258,265,291]" captionStartId-1="20.[189,255,265,291]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="20" captionText-0="Table 2. Morphological comparison between Willowsia nigromaculata (Lubbock, 1873) and W. neonigromaculata sp. nov. (‘+’ is present; ‘–’ is absent)." captionText-1="Table 3. COI p-distances between Willowsia nigromaculata (Lubbock, 1873) and W. neonigromaculata sp. nov. References: Katz et al. 2015a 1; Ding et al. 2018 2; deWaard et al. 20193. Abbreviations: CA = Canada; FR = France." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2166411D1CD971FF356C1C8649FECF" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2166411D19D974FF356C1C8433FEE1" pageId="12" pageNumber="104" tableUuid-0="DF2166411D1CD971FF356C1C8649FECF" tableUuid-1="DF2166411D19D974FF356C1C8433FEE1">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D4A1D01D96CFF3568D884DFFA6F" box="[189,487,1485,1511]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="12" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D01D96CFF3568D884DFFA6F" box="[189,487,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">Willowsia nigromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFF10D81D01D96CFD8168D887EBFA6F" author="Katz A. D. &amp; Giordano R. &amp; Soto-Adames F. N." box="[521,723,1485,1512]" page="829" pageId="12" pageNumber="104" year="2015">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B381D01D96CFD8168D887EBFA6F" author="Katz A. D. &amp; Giordano R. &amp; Soto-Adames F. N." box="[521,723,1485,1512]" pageId="12" pageNumber="104" pagination="810 - 840" refId="ref10469" refString="Katz A. D., Giordano R. &amp; Soto-Adames F. N. 2015 a. Operational criteria for cryptic species delimitation when evidence is limited, as exemplified by North American Entomobrya (Collembola: Entomobryidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (4): 810 - 840. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12220" type="journal article" year="2015">Katz 2015a: 829</bibRefCitation>
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, 
<collectingRegion id="499AF82B1D01D96CFD6968D8860FFA6F" box="[737,823,1485,1511]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">Illinois</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34976591D01D96CFCCE68D88647FA6F" box="[838,895,1485,1511]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">USA</collectingCountry>
(phylogeny). — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFF10D81D01D96CFBD968D88035FA6F" author="Katz A. D. &amp; Giordano R. &amp; Soto-Adames F." box="[1105,1293,1485,1512]" page="64" pageId="12" pageNumber="104" year="2015">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B381D01D96CFBD968D88035FA6F" author="Katz A. D. &amp; Giordano R. &amp; Soto-Adames F." box="[1105,1293,1485,1512]" pageId="12" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref10537" refString="Katz A. D., Giordano R. &amp; Soto-Adames F. 2015 b. Taxonomic review and phylogenetic analysis of fifteen North American Entomobrya (Collembola, Entomobryidae), including four new species. ZooKeys 525: 1 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 525.6020" type="journal article" year="2015">Katz 2015b: 64</bibRefCitation>
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, 
<collectingRegion id="499AF82B1D01D96CFA9468D8804AFA6F" box="[1308,1394,1485,1511]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">Illinois</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34976591D01D96CFF6268E4841BF983" box="[234,291,1521,1547]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">USA</collectingCountry>
(phylogeny). — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFF10D81D01D96CFE7A68E48795F983" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6046160" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6046160" author="Katz A. D." box="[498,685,1520,1547]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E58E29FFF3FF9A9EF6FBA04321FE30" page="553" pageId="12" pageNumber="104" year="2017">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B381D01D96CFE7A68E48795F983" author="Katz A. D." box="[498,685,1520,1547]" pageId="12" pageNumber="104" pagination="549 - 562" refId="ref10415" refString="Katz A. D. 2017. A new endemic species of Willowsia from Florida (USA) and descriptive notes on all New World Willowsia (Collembola: Entomobryidae). Zootaxa 4350 (3): 549 - 562. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4350.3.7" type="journal article" year="2017">Katz 2017: 553</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 
<collectingRegion id="499AF82B1D01D96CFD3268E48628F983" box="[698,784,1521,1547]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">Illinois</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34976591D01D96CFC9668E4866FF983" box="[798,855,1521,1547]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">USA</collectingCountry>
(descr.). — 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B381D01D96CFC6568E481DAF983" author="deWaard J. R. &amp; Ratnasingham S. &amp; Zakharov E. V. &amp; Borisenko A. V. &amp; Steinke D. &amp; Telfer A. C. &amp; Perez K. H. J. &amp; Sones J. E. &amp; Monica R. &amp; Young M. R. &amp; Valerie Levesque-Beaudin V. &amp; Crystal N. &amp; Sobel C. N. &amp; Abrahamyan A. &amp; Bessonov K. &amp; Blagoev G. &amp; deWaard S. L. &amp; Ho C. &amp; Ivanova N. V. &amp; Layton K. K. S. &amp; Lu L. &amp; Manjunath R. &amp; McKeown J. T. A. &amp; Milton M. A. &amp; Miskie R. &amp; Monkhouse N. &amp; Naik S. &amp; Nikolova N. &amp; Pentinsaari M. &amp; Prosser S. W. J. &amp; Radulovici A. E. &amp; Steinke C. &amp; Warne C. P. &amp; Hebert P. D. N." box="[1005,1250,1521,1547]" pageId="12" pageNumber="104" pagination="308" refId="ref9747" refString="deWaard J. R., Ratnasingham S., Zakharov E. V., Borisenko A. V., Steinke D., Telfer A. C., Perez K. H. J., Sones J. E., Monica R. Young M. R., Valerie Levesque-Beaudin V., Crystal N. Sobel C. N., Abrahamyan A., Bessonov K., Blagoev G., deWaard S. L., Ho C., Ivanova N. V., Layton K. K. S., Lu L., Manjunath R., McKeown J. T. A., Milton M. A., Miskie R., Monkhouse N., Naik S., Nikolova N., Pentinsaari M., Prosser S. W. J., Radulovici A. E., Steinke C., Warne C. P. &amp; Hebert P. D. N. 2019. A reference library for Canadian invertebrates with 1.5 million barcodes, voucher specimens, and DNA samples. Scientific Data 6: 308. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41597 - 019 - 0320 - 2" type="journal article" year="2019">
deWaard 
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D01D96CFBD768E481A4F983" box="[1119,1180,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
: suppl. data, Brockville, 
<collectingCountry id="F34976591D01D96CFEFE6B0184F6F9A6" box="[374,462,1556,1582]" name="Canada" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">Canada</collectingCountry>
(DNA barcode, GenBank 
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).
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<subSubSection id="C34465421D01D96CFF356B43840BF8DB" pageId="12" pageNumber="104" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE136C91D01D96CFF356B43840EF9F8" blockId="12.[189,310,1622,1648]" box="[189,310,1622,1648]" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">
<heading id="D0A981A51D01D96CFF356B43840EF9F8" bold="true" box="[189,310,1622,1648]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="104" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D01D96CFF356B43840EF9F8" bold="true" box="[189,310,1622,1648]" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE136C91D01D96CFF356B93840BF8DB" blockId="12.[188,1399,1670,1875]" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">
Body with pigments laterally on head to Abd III, and spots on Abd IV, femur and tibiotarsus (
<figureCitation id="13652A4C1D01D96CFA966B93805EF928" box="[1310,1382,1670,1696]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1962,1988]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,302,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-44@13.[189,1398,302,1863]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 8. Willowsia neonigromaculata sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (INHS 810158), habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4611561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4611561/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
), sometimes with piment covering nearly all Abd II–III medially and posterior half of Abd IV; head mac S0 present or absent, Ps3 mes and Ps5 mac absent (
<figureCitation id="13652A4C1D01D96CFCA06BD886B2F960" box="[808,906,1741,1768]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[251,1319,274,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-53@14.[251,1319,265,1857]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Willowsia neonigromaculata sp. nov., body parts (left side). A. Cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy. B. Maxillary outer lobe. C. Complete postlabial chaetotaxy. D. Abd V dorsal chaetotaxy. E. Manubrium dorsal chaetotaxy. Abbreviations: see Material and methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4611565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4611565/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
); sublobal plate with 3 inner appendages (
<figureCitation id="13652A4C1D01D96CFF4E6BE48412F884" box="[198,298,1777,1804]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[251,1319,274,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-53@14.[251,1319,265,1857]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Willowsia neonigromaculata sp. nov., body parts (left side). A. Cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy. B. Maxillary outer lobe. C. Complete postlabial chaetotaxy. D. Abd V dorsal chaetotaxy. E. Manubrium dorsal chaetotaxy. Abbreviations: see Material and methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4611565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4611565/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
); Th II–Abd IV formula with 9,8|3,3,3+7,7+14 mac, p2a present on Th III; manubrium dorsally with 9 lateral chaetae abruptly acuminate at the tip, manubrial plate with 4 chaetae, 2 mac (
<figureCitation id="13652A4C1D01D96CFF406A2C841DF8DB" box="[200,293,1849,1875]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[251,1319,274,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-53@14.[251,1319,265,1857]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Willowsia neonigromaculata sp. nov., body parts (left side). A. Cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy. B. Maxillary outer lobe. C. Complete postlabial chaetotaxy. D. Abd V dorsal chaetotaxy. E. Manubrium dorsal chaetotaxy. Abbreviations: see Material and methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4611565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4611565/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34465421D01D96FFF356A6E8760FEC0" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="12" pageNumber="104" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE136C91D01D96CFF356A6E847CF81D" blockId="12.[189,324,1915,1941]" box="[189,324,1915,1941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">
<heading id="D0A981A51D01D96CFF356A6E847CF81D" bold="true" box="[189,324,1915,1941]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="104" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D01D96CFF356A6E847CF81D" bold="true" box="[189,324,1915,1941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE136C91D01D96CFF356ABF804FF860" blockId="12.[189,1401,1962,2025]" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">
The specific epithet is derived from the Greek adjective ‘νέος, -α, -ον’, Latinized ‘ 
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D01D96CFB436ABE8039F84C" box="[1227,1281,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">neos</emphasis>
, - 
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D01D96CFA966ABE8015F84C" box="[1310,1325,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">a</emphasis>
, - 
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D01D96CFAC36ABE8057F84C" box="[1355,1391,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">um</emphasis>
’ (combining form 
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D01D96CFE1E6ADA84F8F860" box="[406,448,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">neo</emphasis>
-), ‘new, recent, young’ + the epithet of the species 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D4A1D01D96CFBC36ADB804FF860" box="[1099,1399,1998,2024]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="12" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D01D96CFBC36ADB804FF860" box="[1099,1399,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="104">Willowsia nigromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2166411D00D96DFF356ABF875BF860" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4611561" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4611561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4611561/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="105" startId="13.[189,232,1962,1988]" targetBox="[189,1397,302,1863]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8BE136C91D00D96DFF356ABF875BF860" blockId="13.[189,1399,1962,2024]" pageId="13" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D00D96DFF356ABF8436F84C" bold="true" box="[189,270,1962,1988]" pageId="13" pageNumber="105">Fig. 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D4A1D00D96DFE916ABF8755F84C" authority="Cipola &amp; Katz, 2021" authorityName="Cipola &amp; Katz" authorityYear="2021" box="[281,621,1962,1988]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="13" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neonigromaculata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D00D96DFE916ABF8755F84C" box="[281,621,1962,1988]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="105">Willowsia neonigromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21957A01D00D96DFDF06ABE87E0F84D" box="[632,728,1963,1989]" pageId="13" pageNumber="105" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype, ♀ (INHS 810158), habitus. 
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D00D96DFB3B6ABF81F0F84C" bold="true" box="[1203,1224,1962,1988]" pageId="13" pageNumber="105">A</emphasis>
. Lateral view. 
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D00D96DFF356ADB85E9F860" bold="true" box="[189,209,1998,2024]" pageId="13" pageNumber="105">B</emphasis>
. Dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2166411D03D96EFF356A9D86B8F860" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4611565" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4611565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4611565/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="106" startId="14.[189,232,1928,1954]" targetBox="[251,1319,274,1857]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8BE136C91D03D96EFF356A9D86B8F860" blockId="14.[189,1399,1928,2025]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D03D96EFF356A9D8437F82A" bold="true" box="[189,271,1928,1954]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">Fig. 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D4A1D03D96EFE936A9D8748F82A" authority="Cipola &amp; Katz, 2021" authorityName="Cipola &amp; Katz" authorityYear="2021" box="[283,624,1928,1954]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="14" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neonigromaculata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D03D96EFE936A9D8748F82A" box="[283,624,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">Willowsia neonigromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21957A01D03D96EFDF46A9C87E6F82B" box="[636,734,1929,1955]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, body parts (left side). 
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D03D96EFB8A6A9D812FF82A" bold="true" box="[1026,1047,1928,1954]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">A</emphasis>
. Cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy. 
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D03D96EFF356ABE85E9F84D" bold="true" box="[189,209,1963,1989]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">B</emphasis>
. Maxillary outer lobe. 
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D03D96EFE546ABE84C9F84D" bold="true" box="[476,497,1963,1989]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">C</emphasis>
. Complete postlabial chaetotaxy. 
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D03D96EFCF36ABE86A8F84D" bold="true" box="[891,912,1963,1989]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">D</emphasis>
. Abd V dorsal chaetotaxy. 
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D03D96EFB426ABE81E6F84D" bold="true" box="[1226,1246,1963,1989]" pageId="14" pageNumber="106">E</emphasis>
. Manubrium dorsal chaetotaxy. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE136C91D02D96FFF356C1C8760FEC0" blockId="15.[189,1399,265,328]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B381D02D96FFF4D6C1C8445FEAB" author="Lubbock J." box="[197,381,265,291]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" refId="ref10773" refString="Lubbock J. 1873. Monograph of the Collembola and Thysanura. Ray Society, London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11583" type="book" year="1873">Lubbock, 1873</bibRefCitation>
). The name references the new species’ morphological affinity with 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D4A1D02D96FFB2E6C1F804FFEAB" box="[1190,1399,265,291]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D02D96FFB2E6C1F804FFEAB" box="[1190,1399,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">W. nigromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its presence in the New World.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34465421D02D96FFF356C65869CFCEF" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE136C91D02D96FFF356C658492FE02" blockId="15.[189,426,368,394]" box="[189,426,368,394]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">
<heading id="D0A981A51D02D96FFF356C658492FE02" bold="true" box="[189,426,368,394]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D02D96FFF356C658492FE02" bold="true" box="[189,426,368,394]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE136C91D02D96FFF626CB487ABFDA1" blockId="15.[189,1399,417,554]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">
<materialsCitation id="3B363C941D02D96FFF626CB487ABFDA1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3053842301" collectedFrom="hand collected on pavement on dying Arilus cristatus" collectingDate="2011-09-23" collectionCode="INHS" collectorName="A. Katz" country="United States of America" county="Pope Co." elevation="524" latitude="37.43435" location="Dixon Springs Agricultural Center" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-88.667175" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" specimenCode="INHS 810161" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Illinois" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D02D96FFF626CB48464FE33" bold="true" box="[234,348,417,443]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">
<typeStatus id="54E5886B1D02D96FFF626CB48464FE33" box="[234,348,417,443]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F34976591D02D96FFF356CD385CEFE68" box="[189,246,454,480]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">USA</collectingCountry>
• 
<specimenCount id="9D58FD401D02D96FFEAB6CD38460FE68" box="[291,344,454,480]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
on slide; 
<collectingRegion id="499AF82B1D02D96FFE616CD08707FE57" box="[489,575,453,479]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">Illinois</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62804E451D02D96FFDDC6CD387F4FE68" box="[596,716,454,480]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">Pope Co.</collectingCounty>
, 
<location id="8E8160121D02D96FFD6A6CD081A0FE68" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F787DF1D01D970FE6A685784A6FB9B:8E8160121D02D96FFD6A6CD081A0FE68" box="[738,1176,453,480]" country="United States of America" county="Pope Co." latitude="37.43435" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-88.667175" name="Dixon Springs Agricultural Center" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" stateProvince="Illinois">Dixon Springs Agricultural Center</location>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6A500E1D02D96FFB266CD1804AFE68" box="[1198,1394,452,480]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" precision="1" seconds="03.65" value="37.43435">37°26′03.65″ N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6A500E1D02D96FFF356CFC8446FD8D" box="[189,382,489,517]" degrees="88" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" precision="1" seconds="01.84" value="-88.667175">88°40′01.84″ W</geoCoordinate>
; altitude 
<quantity id="4CA69B2C1D02D96FFE646CFF8701FD8D" box="[492,569,490,517]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.24" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" unit="m" value="524.0">
<elevation id="0073D1FA1D02D96FFE646CFF8701FD8D" box="[492,569,490,517]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.24" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" unit="m" value="524.0">524 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectedFrom id="384275341D02D96FFDCF6CFF81FAFD8C" box="[583,1218,490,517]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">
hand collected on pavement on dying 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D4A1D02D96FFB866CFF81FAFD8C" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[1038,1218,490,516]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Arilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristatus">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D02D96FFB866CFF81FAFD8C" box="[1038,1218,490,516]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">Arilus cristatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
; 
<date id="FFE010091D02D96FFB5B6CFF804AFD8C" box="[1235,1394,490,516]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" value="2011-09-23">
<collectingDate id="EFA4E9E11D02D96FFB5B6CFF804AFD8C" box="[1235,1394,490,516]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" value="2011-09-23">23 Sep. 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<collectorName id="26AB531F1D02D96FFF366F1A8421FDA1" box="[190,281,527,553]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">A. Katz</collectorName>
leg.; adk11-159; 
<specimenCode id="DBF89EB21D02D96FFE6F6F1A87B7FDA1" box="[487,655,527,553]" collectionCode="INHS" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" name="Illinois Natural History Survey" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">INHS 810161</specimenCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE136C91D02D96FFF626F47860CFD3D" blockId="15.[189,1398,594,694]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">
<materialsCitation id="3B363C941D02D96FFF626F478608FD3D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3053842305" collectedFrom="hand collected on pavement on dying Arilus cristatus" collectingDate="2011-09-23" collectionCode="INHS" collectorName="A. Katz" country="United States of America" county="Pope Co." elevation="524" latitude="37.43435" location="USA" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-88.667175" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" specimenCode="INHS 810157-810160, INHS 810162, INHS 810163" specimenCount="35" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Illinois" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D02D96FFF626F47845FFDE4" bold="true" box="[234,359,594,620]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">
<typeStatus id="54E5886B1D02D96FFF626F47845FFDE4" box="[234,359,594,620]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F34976591D02D96FFF356F6285CEFD19" box="[189,246,631,657]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">USA</collectingCountry>
• 
<specimenCount id="9D58FD401D02D96FFE986F628401FD1B" box="[272,313,631,659]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D58FD401D02D96FFEC36F62844FFD19" box="[331,375,631,657]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D58FD401D02D96FFE0E6F628706FD18" box="[390,574,630,657]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">2 undetermined</specimenCount>
sex on slides and 
<specimenCount id="9D58FD401D02D96FFC9E6F62868DFD18" box="[790,949,630,657]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" type="generic">30 specimens</specimenCount>
in alcohol; same data as for holotype; 
<specimenCode id="DBF89EB21D02D96FFF356F8E84F3FD3E" box="[189,459,667,694]" collectionCode="INHS" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" name="Illinois Natural History Survey" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">INHS 810157–810160</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBF89EB21D02D96FFE5E6F8E8745FD3D" box="[470,637,667,693]" collectionCode="INHS" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" name="Illinois Natural History Survey" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">INHS 810162</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBF89EB21D02D96FFD016F8E8608FD3D" box="[649,816,667,693]" collectionCode="INHS" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" name="Illinois Natural History Survey" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">INHS 810163</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE136C91D02D96FFF626FCB849EFD70" blockId="15.[189,1400,734,871]" box="[234,422,734,760]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D02D96FFF626FCB849EFD70" bold="true" box="[234,422,734,760]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">Other material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE136C91D02D96FFF356E16869CFCEF" blockId="15.[189,1400,734,871]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">
<materialsCitation id="3B363C941D02D96FFF356E16868FFCCA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3053842303" collectedFrom="kitchen sink" collectingDate="2008-07-06" collectionCode="INHS" collectorName="F Soto-Adames" country="United States of America" latitude="40.09486" location="19 Montclair Rd" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-88.206856" municipality="Urbana" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" specimenCode="INHS 810,164" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Illinois">
<collectingCountry id="F34976591D02D96FFF356E1685CEFC95" box="[189,246,771,797]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">USA</collectingCountry>
• 
<specimenCount id="9D58FD401D02D96FFE986E1684F0FC95" box="[272,456,771,797]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">1 undetermined</specimenCount>
sex on slide; 
<collectingRegion id="499AF82B1D02D96FFDE46E1687FAFC95" box="[620,706,771,797]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">Illinois</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B85ACB31D02D96FFD466E16861FFC95" box="[718,807,771,797]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">Urbana</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8E8160121D02D96FFCBC6E1686C3FC95" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F787DF1D01D970FE6A685784A6FB9B:8E8160121D02D96FFCBC6E1686C3FC95" box="[820,1019,771,797]" country="United States of America" latitude="40.09486" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-88.206856" municipality="Urbana" name="19 Montclair Rd" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" stateProvince="Illinois">19 Montclair Rd</location>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6A500E1D02D96FFB8F6E14818BFC95" box="[1031,1203,769,797]" degrees="40" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" precision="1" seconds="41.5" value="40.09486">40°05′41.5″ N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6A500E1D02D96FFB486E14804BFC95" box="[1216,1395,769,797]" degrees="88" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" precision="1" seconds="24.7" value="-88.206856">88°12′24.7″ W</geoCoordinate>
; 
<date id="FFE010091D02D96FFF356E3D847AFCCA" box="[189,322,808,834]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" value="2008-07-06">
<collectingDate id="EFA4E9E11D02D96FFF356E3D847AFCCA" box="[189,322,808,834]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" value="2008-07-06">6 Jul. 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
; by 
<collectedFrom id="384275341D02D96FFEFC6E3D873EFCCA" box="[372,518,808,834]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">kitchen sink</collectedFrom>
; 
<collectorName id="26AB531F1D02D96FFD9A6E3D87F2FCCA" box="[530,714,808,834]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">F Soto-Adames</collectorName>
leg.; 
<specimenCode id="DBF89EB21D02D96FFC846E3D868FFCCA" box="[780,951,808,834]" collectionCode="INHS" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" name="Illinois Natural History Survey" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">INHS 810,164</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B363C941D02D96FFC596E3D8698FCEF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3053842302" collectedFrom="kitchen sink" collectingDate="2008-07-06" collectionCode="INHS" collectorName="F Soto-Adames" country="United States of America" latitude="40.09486" location="Montclair Rd" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-88.206856" municipality="Urbana" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" specimenCode="INHS 810165" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Illinois">
<specimenCount id="9D58FD401D02D96FFC596E3D812BFCCA" box="[977,1043,808,834]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
on slide; same collection data as for preceding, except 2012 (no specific date); 
<specimenCode id="DBF89EB21D02D96FFD706E598698FCEF" box="[760,928,844,871]" collectionCode="INHS" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" name="Illinois Natural History Survey" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">INHS 810165</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34465421D02D970FF356E9A867CFDA8" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE136C91D02D96FFF356E9A8476FC21" blockId="15.[189,334,911,937]" box="[189,334,911,937]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">
<heading id="D0A981A51D02D96FFF356E9A8476FC21" bold="true" box="[189,334,911,937]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D02D96FFF356E9A8476FC21" bold="true" box="[189,334,911,937]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE136C91D02D96FFF356ED586B9FB3E" blockId="15.[189,1400,959,1206]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">
LENGTH. Total length (head + trunk) of specimens 
<quantity id="4CA69B2C1D02D96FFCA86EAA86F6FC52" box="[800,974,959,986]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" metricValueMax="1.85" metricValueMin="1.51" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" unit="mm" value="1.68" valueMax="1.85" valueMin="1.51">1.51–1.85 mm</quantity>
(n = 3). Specimens pale yellowish white with violet pigments on distal half of the Ant I to Ant IV, head laterally, margins of Th II–Abd II, Abd III with one transverse band that expands laterally, Abd IV dorsally with one irregular lateral spot and one weak central spot, irregular spots on dorsoventral plate and posterior margin; distal half of Abd V to VI, distal femur and tibiotarsus medially; eyepatches black (
<figureCitation id="13652A4C1D02D96FFC436947812CFBE4" box="[971,1044,1106,1132]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1962,1988]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,302,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-44@13.[189,1398,302,1863]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 8. Willowsia neonigromaculata sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (INHS 810158), habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4611561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4611561/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Sometimes depigmented on proximal part of the Ant II; pigments on posterior one third of the Th II and Abd I, almost all Abd II–III medially, and posterior half of Abd IV (see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B381D02D96FFD336989864CFB3E" author="Katz A. D." box="[699,884,1179,1206]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" pagination="549 - 562" refId="ref10415" refString="Katz A. D. 2017. A new endemic species of Willowsia from Florida (USA) and descriptive notes on all New World Willowsia (Collembola: Entomobryidae). Zootaxa 4350 (3): 549 - 562. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4350.3.7" type="journal article" year="2017">Katz 2017: 551</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE136C91D02D96FFF3569CA8408F9CB" blockId="15.[187,1400,1247,1603]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">
HEAD. Antennal ratio as I: II: III: IV = 1: 1.83–2.00: 1.68–2.12: 1.81–2.36 (n = 3). Ant IV not annulated, with apical bulb simple or bilobed, rarely retracted. Six interocular chaetae (q, v, s, p, r, t); head dorsal macrochaetotaxy (
<figureCitation id="13652A4C1D02D96FFE1D683D84C8FACA" box="[405,496,1320,1346]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[251,1319,274,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-53@14.[251,1319,265,1857]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Willowsia neonigromaculata sp. nov., body parts (left side). A. Cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy. B. Maxillary outer lobe. C. Complete postlabial chaetotaxy. D. Abd V dorsal chaetotaxy. E. Manubrium dorsal chaetotaxy. Abbreviations: see Material and methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4611565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4611565/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
) with 5 ‘An’ (An1a–3), 4 ‘A’ (A0, A2–3, A5), 3 ‘M’ (M1–2, M4), 6–7 ‘S’ (S0, S2–6), 0 ‘Ps’, 5 ‘Pa’ (Pa1–5), 2 ‘Pm’ (Pm1, Pm3), 4 ‘Pp’ (Pp1–3, Pp5), and 4 ‘Pe’ (Pe2–3 plus 1 unnamed) mac; An2a?, A1, A4? mic absent. Maxillary palp with t.a. smooth and b.c. weakly striated, thicker and 1.10 longer than t.a.; sublobal plate with 3 inner (sb.1–3) and 1 outer (sb.4) smooth appendages, sb.1 gently smaller, sb.3 thin, and sb.4 minute (
<figureCitation id="13652A4C1D02D96FFD3768AE8625FA5D" box="[703,797,1467,1493]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[251,1319,274,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-53@14.[251,1319,265,1857]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Willowsia neonigromaculata sp. nov., body parts (left side). A. Cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy. B. Maxillary outer lobe. C. Complete postlabial chaetotaxy. D. Abd V dorsal chaetotaxy. E. Manubrium dorsal chaetotaxy. Abbreviations: see Material and methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4611565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4611565/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
). Ventral chaetotaxy with about 74 ciliate chaetae, 23 thin, 18 slightly smaller, and 33 normal and subequal in length (including b.c.), cephalic groove with 8 chaetae; postlabial formula with 4 (G1–4), 4 (X, X2–4), 4 (H2–4), 4 (J1–4), 2 (X’, X4’) chaetae (
<figureCitation id="13652A4C1D02D96FFF4E6B3C841AF9CB" box="[198,290,1577,1603]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[251,1319,274,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-53@14.[251,1319,265,1857]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Willowsia neonigromaculata sp. nov., body parts (left side). A. Cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy. B. Maxillary outer lobe. C. Complete postlabial chaetotaxy. D. Abd V dorsal chaetotaxy. E. Manubrium dorsal chaetotaxy. Abbreviations: see Material and methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4611565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4611565/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE136C91D02D96FFF356B78813FF923" blockId="15.[189,1399,1644,1707]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">
THORAX CHAETOTAXY (as 
<figureCitation id="13652A4C1D02D96FFE6C6B79877EF90F" box="[484,582,1644,1671]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[276,1315,265,1895]" captionTargetId="figure-57@10.[272,1315,265,1902]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 6. Willowsia nigromaculata (Lubbock, 1873), dorsal chaetotaxy (left side). A. Th II–III. B. Abd I–III. C. Abd IV–V. D–F. Bothriotrichal complex. D. Abd II. E. Abd III. F. Abd IV. Abbreviations: see Material and methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4611557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4611557/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Th II and III similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D4A1D02D96FFC096B78816DF90E" box="[897,1109,1644,1670]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D02D96FFC096B78816DF90E" box="[897,1109,1644,1670]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">W. nigromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, except Th III p2a mac always present. Ratio Th II: III = 1.48–1.30: 1 (n = 3), 
<typeStatus id="54E5886B1D02D96FFCC96B848690F923" box="[833,936,1681,1707]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
1.30: 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE136C91D02D96FFF356BC186E3F82D" blockId="15.[188,1400,1748,1958]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">
ABDOMEN CHAETOTAXY (as 
<figureCitation id="13652A4C1D02D96FFE636BC1875EF966" box="[491,614,1748,1774]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[276,1315,265,1895]" captionTargetId="figure-57@10.[272,1315,265,1902]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 6. Willowsia nigromaculata (Lubbock, 1873), dorsal chaetotaxy (left side). A. Th II–III. B. Abd I–III. C. Abd IV–V. D–F. Bothriotrichal complex. D. Abd II. E. Abd III. F. Abd IV. Abbreviations: see Material and methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4611557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4611557/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">Figs 6B–F</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="13652A4C1D02D96FFD156BC187F9F966" box="[669,705,1748,1774]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[251,1319,274,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-53@14.[251,1319,265,1857]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Willowsia neonigromaculata sp. nov., body parts (left side). A. Cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy. B. Maxillary outer lobe. C. Complete postlabial chaetotaxy. D. Abd V dorsal chaetotaxy. E. Manubrium dorsal chaetotaxy. Abbreviations: see Material and methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4611565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4611565/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">9D</figureCitation>
). Abd I to IV similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D4A1D02D96FFC506BC08190F966" box="[984,1192,1748,1774]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D02D96FFC506BC08190F966" box="[984,1192,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">W. nigromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, except Abd I m2 smaller in length and socket size, Abd II a5 and m2 bothriotricha with 8–9 and 6 accessory chaetae, Abd III m2 bothriotrichum with 3–4 accessory chaetae and a5 and m5 bothriotricha with 12–15 accessory chaetae between them, and Abd IV T2 and T4 bothriotricha with 2 mic and 8–11 accessory chaetae between them. Abd V a, m and p series with 1 (a5), 4 (m2–3, m5–5e), and 5 (p1, p3–6) mac, respectively (
<figureCitation id="13652A4C1D02D96FFF4D6A9E841BF82D" box="[197,291,1931,1957]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[251,1319,274,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-53@14.[251,1319,265,1857]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Willowsia neonigromaculata sp. nov., body parts (left side). A. Cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy. B. Maxillary outer lobe. C. Complete postlabial chaetotaxy. D. Abd V dorsal chaetotaxy. E. Manubrium dorsal chaetotaxy. Abbreviations: see Material and methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4611565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4611565/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
). Ratio Abd III: IV = 1: 3.61–4.14 (n= 3), 
<typeStatus id="54E5886B1D02D96FFC9B6A9E8642F82D" box="[787,890,1931,1957]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
1: 3.80.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE136C91D02D96FFF356ADB81A9F861" blockId="15.[189,1169,1998,2025]" box="[189,1169,1998,2025]" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">
CHAETOTAXY OF THE LEGS AND COLLOPHORE. Similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D4A1D02D96FFCAE6ADA86CEF860" box="[806,1014,1998,2024]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="15" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D02D96FFCAE6ADA86CEF860" box="[806,1014,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">W. nigromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13652A4C1D02D96FFB8E6ADB81BDF861" box="[1030,1157,1998,2025]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[341,1275,272,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-88@11.[340,1275,264,1789]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 7. Willowsia nigromaculata (Lubbock, 1873). A. Subcoxa I. B. Subcoxa II. C. Subcoxa III (lateral view). D. Trochanteral organ. E. Distal tibiotarsus and empodial complex III (posterior view). F. Collophore chaetotaxy (lateral view). G. Manubrium dorsal chaetotaxy. H. Manubrial plate. I. Subapical and apical chaetotaxy of ventral manubrium. J. Mucro (lateral view). Abbreviations: see Material and methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4611559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4611559/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="107">Fig. 7A–F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE136C91D1DD970FF356C1F8417FE05" blockId="16.[189,1400,265,397]" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">
FURCULA. Manubrium ventrally similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D4A1D1DD970FD386C1F86BAFEAB" box="[688,898,265,291]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="16" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D1DD970FD386C1F86BAFEAB" box="[688,898,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">W. nigromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as 
<figureCitation id="13652A4C1D1DD970FC3D6C1C812DFEAB" box="[949,1045,265,291]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,886,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-308@8.[186,1402,885,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4.Optical microscope photography of Willowsia nigromaculata(Lubbock, 1873). A. Furcula (dorsal view). B. Manubrium (dorsal view), arrows indicate mac and mes suddenly acuminate, respectively. C. Manubrium and proximal dentes (ventral view), arrow indicate subapical chaetae. Scale bars: A, C =100 μm; B = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4611549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4611549/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">Figs 4C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13652A4C1D1DD970FBAB6C1F8106FEAC" box="[1059,1086,266,292]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[341,1275,272,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-88@11.[340,1275,264,1789]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 7. Willowsia nigromaculata (Lubbock, 1873). A. Subcoxa I. B. Subcoxa II. C. Subcoxa III (lateral view). D. Trochanteral organ. E. Distal tibiotarsus and empodial complex III (posterior view). F. Collophore chaetotaxy (lateral view). G. Manubrium dorsal chaetotaxy. H. Manubrial plate. I. Subapical and apical chaetotaxy of ventral manubrium. J. Mucro (lateral view). Abbreviations: see Material and methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4611559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4611559/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">7I</figureCitation>
); dorsally with one lateral row of 9 ciliate chaetae abruptly acuminate at the tip, 3 mac and 6 mes (2 basal and 2 antero-subapical); manubrial plate with 4 ciliate chaetae of different sizes (2 mac abruptly acuminate at the tip) and 2 psp (
<figureCitation id="13652A4C1D1DD970FF4E6C678419FE05" box="[198,289,370,397]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[251,1319,274,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-53@14.[251,1319,265,1857]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Willowsia neonigromaculata sp. nov., body parts (left side). A. Cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy. B. Maxillary outer lobe. C. Complete postlabial chaetotaxy. D. Abd V dorsal chaetotaxy. E. Manubrium dorsal chaetotaxy. Abbreviations: see Material and methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4611565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4611565/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE136C91D1DD970FF356CA1844DFE46" blockId="16.[189,373,436,462]" box="[189,373,436,462]" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">
<heading id="D0A981A51D1DD970FF356CA1844DFE46" bold="true" box="[189,373,436,462]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="108" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D1DD970FF356CA1844DFE46" bold="true" box="[189,373,436,462]" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">DNA Barcodes</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE136C91D1DD970FF356CF7867CFDA8" blockId="16.[189,1399,482,545]" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">
GenBank 
<accessionNumber id="940DAB2A1D1DD970FEBD6CF784F8FE74" box="[309,448,482,508]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KM610130" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">KM610130</accessionNumber>
; collection locality information same as 
<typeStatus id="54E5886B1D1DD970FC2E6CF78135FE74" box="[934,1037,482,508]" pageId="16" pageNumber="108" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B381D1DD970FB966CF681CAFE75" author="Katz A. D. &amp; Giordano R. &amp; Soto-Adames F. N." box="[1054,1266,482,509]" pageId="16" pageNumber="108" pagination="810 - 840" refId="ref10469" refString="Katz A. D., Giordano R. &amp; Soto-Adames F. N. 2015 a. Operational criteria for cryptic species delimitation when evidence is limited, as exemplified by North American Entomobrya (Collembola: Entomobryidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (4): 810 - 840. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12220" type="journal article" year="2015">
Katz 
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D1DD970FBE86CF681A5FE74" box="[1120,1181,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
2015a
</bibRefCitation>
). GenBank 
<accessionNumber id="940DAB2A1D1DD970FF376F138472FDA9" box="[191,330,518,545]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MG034057" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">MG034057</accessionNumber>
; Brockville, 
<collectingCountry id="F34976591D1DD970FE686F138700FDA8" box="[480,568,518,544]" name="Canada" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">Canada</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B381D1DD970FDCF6F138600FDA8" author="deWaard J. R. &amp; Ratnasingham S. &amp; Zakharov E. V. &amp; Borisenko A. V. &amp; Steinke D. &amp; Telfer A. C. &amp; Perez K. H. J. &amp; Sones J. E. &amp; Monica R. &amp; Young M. R. &amp; Valerie Levesque-Beaudin V. &amp; Crystal N. &amp; Sobel C. N. &amp; Abrahamyan A. &amp; Bessonov K. &amp; Blagoev G. &amp; deWaard S. L. &amp; Ho C. &amp; Ivanova N. V. &amp; Layton K. K. S. &amp; Lu L. &amp; Manjunath R. &amp; McKeown J. T. A. &amp; Milton M. A. &amp; Miskie R. &amp; Monkhouse N. &amp; Naik S. &amp; Nikolova N. &amp; Pentinsaari M. &amp; Prosser S. W. J. &amp; Radulovici A. E. &amp; Steinke C. &amp; Warne C. P. &amp; Hebert P. D. N." box="[583,824,518,544]" pageId="16" pageNumber="108" pagination="308" refId="ref9747" refString="deWaard J. R., Ratnasingham S., Zakharov E. V., Borisenko A. V., Steinke D., Telfer A. C., Perez K. H. J., Sones J. E., Monica R. Young M. R., Valerie Levesque-Beaudin V., Crystal N. Sobel C. N., Abrahamyan A., Bessonov K., Blagoev G., deWaard S. L., Ho C., Ivanova N. V., Layton K. K. S., Lu L., Manjunath R., McKeown J. T. A., Milton M. A., Miskie R., Monkhouse N., Naik S., Nikolova N., Pentinsaari M., Prosser S. W. J., Radulovici A. E., Steinke C., Warne C. P. &amp; Hebert P. D. N. 2019. A reference library for Canadian invertebrates with 1.5 million barcodes, voucher specimens, and DNA samples. Scientific Data 6: 308. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41597 - 019 - 0320 - 2" type="journal article" year="2019">
deWaard 
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D1DD970FD3E6F1287C9FDA8" box="[694,753,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34465421D1DD970FF356F5284A6FB9B" pageId="16" pageNumber="108" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE136C91D1DD970FF356F528417FDE9" blockId="16.[189,303,583,609]" box="[189,303,583,609]" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">
<heading id="D0A981A51D1DD970FF356F528417FDE9" bold="true" box="[189,303,583,609]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="108" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D1DD970FF356F528417FDE9" bold="true" box="[189,303,583,609]" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE136C91D1DD970FF356F6384A6FB9B" blockId="16.[187,1400,630,1043]" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D4A1D1DD970FF356F638735FD18" authority="Cipola &amp; Katz, 2021" authorityName="Cipola &amp; Katz" authorityYear="2021" box="[189,525,630,656]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="16" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neonigromaculata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D1DD970FF356F638735FD18" box="[189,525,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">Willowsia neonigromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21957A01D1DD970FD9B6F638755FD18" box="[531,621,630,656]" pageId="16" pageNumber="108" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is considered a new species that is distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D4A1D1DD970FB176F628056FD18" box="[1183,1390,630,656]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="16" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D1DD970FB176F628056FD18" box="[1183,1390,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">W. nigromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, supported by both morphological (
<tableCitation id="C6DC03721D1DD970FD0E6F8C87D5FD3B" box="[646,749,665,691]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="17.[189,258,265,291]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Table 2. Morphological comparison between Willowsia nigromaculata (Lubbock, 1873) and W. neonigromaculata sp. nov. (‘+’ is present; ‘–’ is absent)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2166411D1CD971FF356C1C8649FECF" pageId="16" pageNumber="108" tableUuid="DF2166411D1CD971FF356C1C8649FECF">Table 2</tableCitation>
) and molecular evidence (
<tableCitation id="C6DC03721D1DD970FBDD6F8C8184FD3B" box="[1109,1212,665,691]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="20.[189,255,265,291]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Table 3. COI p-distances between Willowsia nigromaculata (Lubbock, 1873) and W. neonigromaculata sp. nov. References: Katz et al. 2015a 1; Ding et al. 2018 2; deWaard et al. 20193. Abbreviations: CA = Canada; FR = France." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2166411D19D974FF356C1C8433FEE1" pageId="16" pageNumber="108" tableUuid="DF2166411D19D974FF356C1C8433FEE1">Table 3</tableCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13652A4C1D1DD970FB5E6F8C8052FD3B" box="[1238,1386,665,691]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="18.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionStartId-1="19.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox-0="[190,1393,887,1816]" captionTargetBox-1="[237,1332,267,1791]" captionTargetId-0="figure-271@18.[189,1398,881,1818]" captionTargetId-1="figure-85@19.[237,1332,265,1791]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="19" captionText-0="Fig. 10. COI p-distance (uncorrected) frequency histogram (in gray) and boxplots comparing p-distances between A. Entomobryinae species. B. Entomobryinae sister species. C. Willowsia nigromaculata (Lubbock, 1873) (France and Toronto, Canada) and W. neonigromaculata sp. nov (USA and Brockville, Canada) clades (inter-specific distances). D. Lineages within the same W. nigromaculata or W. neonigromaculata sp. nov. clade (intra-specific distances)." captionText-1="Fig.11.BayesianconsensustreeestimatedwithMrBayesforEntomobryinae,includingthecladecomprised of Willowsia nigromaculata (Lubbock, 1873) from France and Canada and W. neonigromaculata sp. nov. from the USA and Canada (highlighted). MrBayes and BEAST posterior probabilities and RAxML bootstraps are indicated at each node, respectively. The ingroup node constrained as monophyletic for all phylogenetic analyses is indicated with an asterisk (*)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4611569" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4611573" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4611569/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4611573/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">Figs 10–11</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D4A1D1DD970FF356FA98734FD5E" authority="Cipola &amp; Katz, 2021" authorityName="Cipola &amp; Katz" authorityYear="2021" box="[189,524,700,726]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="16" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neonigromaculata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D1DD970FF356FA98734FD5E" box="[189,524,700,726]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">Willowsia neonigromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21957A01D1DD970FD996FA88752FD5F" box="[529,618,701,727]" pageId="16" pageNumber="108" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
resembles 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D4A1D1DD970FD6F6FA88680FD5E" box="[743,952,700,726]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="16" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D1DD970FD6F6FA88680FD5E" box="[743,952,700,726]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">W. nigromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in most morphological characteristics, but differs in head by cephalic mac Ps5 and Pp4 absent and Pe4 plus one extra mac present (opposite in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D4A1D1DD970FF566E16848AFC94" box="[222,434,770,796]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="16" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D1DD970FF566E16848AFC94" box="[222,434,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">W. nigromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 3 mic (An2a?, A1, A4?) absent (present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D4A1D1DD970FC536E168197FC94" box="[987,1199,770,796]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="16" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D1DD970FC536E168197FC94" box="[987,1199,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">W. nigromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and interocular s chaetae present (absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D4A1D1DD970FDBC6E328635FCC8" box="[564,781,806,832]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="16" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D1DD970FDBC6E328635FCC8" box="[564,781,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">W. nigromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), sublobal plate with 3 inner appendages (
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D4A1D1DD970FF356E5F84A9FCEB" box="[189,401,841,867]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="16" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D1DD970FF356E5F84A9FCEB" box="[189,401,841,867]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">W. nigromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and ventral groove with 8 chaetae (
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D4A1D1DD970FC166E5F814AFCEB" box="[926,1138,841,867]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="16" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D1DD970FC166E5F814AFCEB" box="[926,1138,841,867]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">W. nigromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). On Abd I, m2 mac for 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D4A1D1DD970FF606E798702FC0E" authority="Cipola &amp; Katz, 2021" authorityName="Cipola &amp; Katz" authorityYear="2021" box="[232,570,876,902]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="16" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neonigromaculata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D1DD970FF606E798702FC0E" box="[232,570,876,902]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">Willowsia neonigromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21957A01D1DD970FDCA6E7887A6FC0F" box="[578,670,877,903]" pageId="16" pageNumber="108" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
smaller in length and socket size than m3 and m4 (normal in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D4A1D1DD970FF356E8584B7FC21" box="[189,399,911,937]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="16" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D1DD970FF356E8584B7FC21" box="[189,399,911,937]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">W. nigromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and Abd V with 3 chaetae (m5ea, p5a, p6e), all absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D4A1D1DD970FBD26E858013FC21" box="[1114,1323,911,937]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="16" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D1DD970FBD26E858013FC21" box="[1114,1323,911,937]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">W. nigromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They also differ in manubrium dorsally with 2 basal and 2 antero-subapical chaetae abruptly acuminate at the tip (1 basal and 1 antero-subapical in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D4A1D1DD970FD0F6EC2866FFC78" box="[647,855,982,1008]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="16" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D1DD970FD0F6EC2866FFC78" box="[647,855,982,1008]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">W. nigromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and manubrial plate with 2 inner mac (
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D4A1D1DD970FF376EEF84B5FB9B" box="[191,397,1017,1043]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="16" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
<emphasis id="B92AEADB1D1DD970FF376EEF84B5FB9B" box="[191,397,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="108">W. nigromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>