309 lines
36 KiB
XML
309 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="4035FE84E4F01C71253F3C6969B01D1A" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.187761" ID-GBIF-Dataset="874b1274-0321-4a44-948f-56792c72697e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="187761" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461073462905" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cedhagen, Tomas, Gooday, Andrew J. & Pawlowski, Jan" docDate="2009" docId="03F387BC4844FF87EEFA4F5C3D24478A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02096p022.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2096" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Leptammina Cedhagen, Gooday & Pawlowski, 2009, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FFCAFFC44846FF84EE6D4A3D387B4169" masterDocTitle="A new genus and two new species of saccamminid foraminiferans (Protista, Rhizaria) from the deep Southern Ocean *" masterLastPageNumber="22" masterPageNumber="9" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698585430837" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6BE2AB23467A346EFFBCBAA1776FE011">
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<mods:title id="F60261187ACBBC97AADD9B4C9EE59F90">A new genus and two new species of saccamminid foraminiferans (Protista, Rhizaria) from the deep Southern Ocean *</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F221D80DB4C19026E0E68847BFDDDA19" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="9545B50C3A20B74CFE1A1F1D062F48B7">Cedhagen, Tomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3AAC56D7F0D2A3FD77C2622EF5DD8F7B">Gooday, Andrew J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F05FE2B03A6177D5F46AB03CA3F2D4A5">Pawlowski, Jan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F02C4E235056A9BFD6216B182EF9D341">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4D8C548BF390AF93C026C2314CCDC53F">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BFB5A1F53B754413793540A868DDDB76">2096</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="8CC46A4461D4068B62FF112C8ACBD5B5" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.187761</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F387BC4844FF87EEFA4F5C3D24478A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6217756" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119616916" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6217756" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F387BC4844FF87EEFA4F5C3D24478A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387BC4844FF87EEFA4F5C3D24478A" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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<subSubSection id="C34065214844FF86EEFA4F5C39DE4413" box="[151,421,1376,1403]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE536AA4844FF86EEFA4F5C39DE4413" blockId="2.[151,421,1376,1403]" box="[151,421,1376,1403]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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<heading id="D0AD81C64844FF86EEFA4F5C39DE4413" bold="true" box="[151,421,1376,1403]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B92EEAB84844FF86EEFA4F5C39DE4413" bold="true" box="[151,421,1376,1403]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294844FF86EEFA4F5C394B4412" ID-CoL="7PMMN" box="[151,304,1377,1403]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Leptammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B92EEAB84844FF86EEFA4F5C394B4412" bold="true" box="[151,304,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Leptammina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D57C34844FF86EF5A4F5D39DE4413" box="[311,421,1376,1402]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34065214844FF86EEFA4F9639CF4751" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BE536AA4844FF86EEFA4F9639CF4751" blockId="2.[151,1437,1450,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B92EEAB84844FF86EEFA4F96396544AD" box="[151,286,1451,1476]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Etymology:</emphasis>
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The first part of the name is derived from the Greek word leptos (λεπτος) meaning thin and refers to the thin test wall. The last part, -ammina, is a common ending of many generic names of agglutinating foraminiferans, particularly those with tests of sand grains, and is derived from the Greek word ammos (αΜΜος), meaning sand.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34065214844FF86EEAB4C7839084793" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE536AA4844FF86EEAB4C783AA54736" blockId="2.[151,1437,1450,2018]" box="[198,734,1605,1631]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B92EEAB84844FF86EEAB4C783A064737" box="[198,637,1605,1630]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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<typeStatus id="54E188084844FF86EEAB4C7838804737" box="[198,251,1605,1630]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294844FF86EF074C783A064737" box="[362,637,1605,1630]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Leptammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="flavofusca" status="sp. nov.">Leptammina flavofusca</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D57C34844FF86ECE94C783AA54736" box="[644,734,1605,1631]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE536AA4844FF86EEAB4C5139084793" blockId="2.[151,1437,1450,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B92EEAB84844FF86EEAB4C51393C47EC" box="[198,327,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Definition:</emphasis>
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Test free, monothalamous and more or less spherical, up to
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<quantity id="4CA29B4F4844FF86EA434C513C0D47EF" box="[1070,1142,1644,1670]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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diameter. Wall delicate, flexible, with inner organic layer overlain by fine, loosely agglutinated mineral grains. Single prominent circular aperture, which may protrude slightly from the test surface. Cell body with well-developed peduncular sheath.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34065214844FF87EEAB4D3A394B4203" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE536AA4844FF86EEAB4D3A39A946FD" blockId="2.[151,1437,1450,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B92EEAB84844FF86EEAB4D3A394D4649" box="[198,310,1799,1824]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Remarks:</emphasis>
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The two species described below look superficially different, particularly in terms of their colour. However, they are united by a number of test features, notably the wall structure, the presence of a peduncular sheath, and the size and form of the aperture. Moreover, our molecular analyses indicate that they are closely related (
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<figureCitation id="13612A2F4844FF86EF114D4739BF46FD" box="[380,452,1914,1940]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,244,1949,1970]" captionTargetBox="[230,1355,503,1948]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[227,1361,472,1948]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Phylogenetic position of Leptammina gen. nov. inferred from partial SSU rDNA sequences using maximum likelihood method. Numbers at internal nodes correspond to bootstrap values higher than 75 %." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187767/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE536AA4844FF87EEAB4D9C3A5C4367" blockId="2.[151,1437,1450,2018]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1438,152,1763]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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At least one globular, soft-walled monothalamous foraminiferan with a single aperture has been included in the genus
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<emphasis id="B92EEAB84844FF86EF404DF539B14688" box="[301,458,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294844FF86EF404DF539BC4688" box="[301,455,1992,2017]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Saccammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">Saccammina</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B5B4844FF86EFBF4DF53A07468B" author="Hedley" box="[466,636,1992,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" refString="Hedley, R. H. (1962) The significance of an " inner chitinous lining " in saccamminid organization with special reference to a new species of Saccammina (Foraminifera) from New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Science 5, 375 - 389." type="journal article" year="1962">Hedley (1962)</bibRefCitation>
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placed his new species
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294844FF86EDFA4DF53B924688" box="[919,1001,1992,2017]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Saccammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="alba">
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<emphasis id="B92EEAB84844FF86EDFA4DF53B924688" box="[919,1001,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">S. alba</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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here, but with evident hesitation. He remarks — 'The present author has followed Le Calvez (1935) in placing a Foraminifer with a fragile, white shell in the genus
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<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EF054A823A7E41B1" box="[360,517,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EF054A823A7A41B1" box="[360,513,191,216]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Saccammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">Saccammina</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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the
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<typeStatus id="54E188084845FF87EC5A4A833A1141B1" box="[567,618,190,216]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
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species of which has a hard, brittle, ferruginous shell. If, in the future, sufficient becomes known about the various species of saccamminids to warrant a division into two genera, it seems likely that a basis for it may be found in the two shell
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<typeStatus id="54E188084845FF87ED384B313BE2404F" box="[853,921,268,294]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">types</typeStatus>
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.' We agree that the differences between softwalled saccamminids in general and the
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<typeStatus id="54E188084845FF87EC1E4B0F3ADD4025" box="[627,678,306,332]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87ED644B0F3CA64025" authority="Carpenter, 1869" authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1869" box="[777,1245,306,332]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Saccammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sphaerica">
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<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87ED644B0F3C614022" box="[777,1050,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Saccammina sphaerica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B5B4845FF87EA4C4B0F3CA64025" author="Carpenter" box="[1057,1245,306,332]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" refString="Carpenter, W. B. (1869) On the rhizopodal fauna of the deep sea. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 18, 59 - 62." type="journal article" year="1869">Carpenter, 1869</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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are sufficient to justify the establishment of at least one new genus. The
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<typeStatus id="54E188084845FF87ED434B643B1A401A" box="[814,865,345,371]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
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species of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EA304B643C89401B" box="[1117,1266,345,370]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Saccammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EA304B643C89401B" box="[1117,1266,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Saccammina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is large, up to at least
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<quantity id="4CA29B4F4845FF87EE9D4BBD394F40F3" box="[240,308,384,410]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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diameter, with a rigid, fairly coarsely and firmly agglutinated wall. In these respects, it is unlike
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EEFA4B9A389040A9" box="[151,235,423,448]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Saccammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="alba">
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<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EEFA4B9A389040A9" box="[151,235,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">S. alba</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or the two delicate, soft-walled species described here. We establish the new genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EA8A4B9A3D0740A9" box="[1255,1404,423,448]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Leptammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EA8A4B9A3D0740A9" box="[1255,1404,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Leptammina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to accommodate our new species and
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<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EC3D4BF03AD4408F" box="[592,687,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EC3D4BF03AD0408F" box="[592,683,461,486]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Saccammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="alba">S. alba</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The last species, however, is included with some hesitation because of lack of molecular data.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE536AA4845FF87EEAB4827394B4203" blockId="3.[151,1438,152,1763]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
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Several other genera of soft-walled saccamminids have been described. Perhaps the most similar genus to
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EEFA487C39514333" box="[151,298,577,602]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Leptammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EEFA487C39514333" box="[151,298,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Leptammina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EF20487C39B24333" box="[333,457,577,602]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Pilulinella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EF20487C39B24333" box="[333,457,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Pilulinella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus id="54E188084845FF87EFB7487C3A754332" box="[474,526,577,603]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
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||
species
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EC1E487C3BC14332" authority="Saidova, 1975" authorityName="Saidova" authorityYear="1975" box="[627,954,577,603]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Saccammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sphaerica">
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<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EC1E487C3B7E4333" box="[627,773,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">P. sphaerica</emphasis>
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Saidova, 1975
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</taxonomicName>
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). It is described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B5B4845FF87EACE487C389E43EB" author="Loeblich" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" refString="Loeblich, A. R. & Tappan, H. (1987) Foraminiferal Genera and their Classification. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 2 vols, 970 pp. + 847 pls." type="book" year="1987">Loeblich and Tappan (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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as being 'spherical',
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<quantity id="4CA29B4F4845FF87EFB448553A4143EB" box="[473,570,616,642]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
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in diameter with a single rounded terminal aperture and a wall composed of 'fine clay' particles on an organic base. The aperture in
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87ED0248B23B8943C1" box="[879,1010,655,680]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Pilulinella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87ED0248B23B8943C1" box="[879,1010,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Pilulinella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is reported to be a kind of double structure, although this could indicate the presence of a peduncular sheath. Unfortunately, not enough information is currently available about
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EC1A48E13A8F439C" box="[631,756,732,757]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Pilulinella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EC1A48E13A8F439C" box="[631,756,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Pilulinella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to determine how close it is to the new genus. However, the apparently greater size of the aperture may be one distinguishing feature. The diameter of the rim of the aperture is about one third of the test diameter in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87ECB649143B2C422B" box="[731,855,809,834]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Pilulinella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87ECB649143B2C422B" box="[731,855,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Pilulinella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and about a fifth to a tenth of the test diameter in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EEFA496D39514200" box="[151,298,848,873]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Leptammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EEFA496D39514200" box="[151,298,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Leptammina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34065214845FF87EEAB494A3D24478A" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536AA4845FF87EEAB494A3A5C453B" blockId="3.[151,1438,152,1763]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EEAB494A393C42F9" ID-CoL="7PR93" box="[198,327,887,912]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Ovammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EEAB494A393C42F9" box="[198,327,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Ovammina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E188084845FF87EF0D494B39EF42F9" box="[352,404,886,912]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EC66494A3B2E42F9" ID-CoL="4B9MJ" authority="Dahlgren, 1962" authorityName="Dahlgren" authorityYear="1962" box="[523,853,886,912]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Ovammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="opaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EC66494A3AFA42F9" box="[523,641,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34D763A4845FF87EC66494A3A5842F9" box="[523,547,887,912]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. opaca
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B5B4845FF87ECFC494B3B2E42F9" author="Dahlgren" box="[657,853,886,912]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" refString="Dahlgren, L. (1962) A new monothalamous foraminifer, Ovammina opaca n. gen., n. sp., belonging to the family Saccamminidae. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala 33, 197 - 200 + pl." type="journal article" year="1962">Dahlgren, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; synonym
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87ED8A494A3D7642F9" ID-CoL="8HH99" authority="Lena, 1974" authorityName="Lena" authorityYear="1974" box="[999,1293,886,912]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dahlgrenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87ED8A494A3C1642F9" box="[999,1133,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Dahlgrenia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B5B4845FF87EA13494B3D7642F9" author="Lena" box="[1150,1293,886,912]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" refString="Lena, H. (1974) Dahlgrenia patagoniensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (Foraminifera, Saccaminidae). Physis, Buenos Aires (Sect. A) 33 (86), 9 - 16." type="journal article" year="1974">Lena, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EEFA49A0395642DF" ID-CoL="7PMMN" box="[151,301,925,950]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Leptammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EEFA49A0395642DF" box="[151,301,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Leptammina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having an agglutinated test wall made of minute mineral particles underlain by an organic layer. Both genera also have an entosolenian tube. It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EA7849F93CC242B4" ID-CoL="7PMMN" box="[1045,1209,964,989]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Leptammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EA7849F93CC242B4" box="[1045,1209,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Leptammina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in being smaller (length130–700 µm) and ovoid, egg-shaped or fusiform rather than rounded in general test shape There is also no evidence in the new genus for the ring of accessory apertures around the main aperture that develop in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EEFA4E0539634538" ID-CoL="7PR93" box="[151,280,1080,1105]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Ovammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EEFA4E0539634538" box="[151,280,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Ovammina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
during gametogenesis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536AA4845FF87EEAB4E62394B447A" blockId="3.[151,1438,152,1763]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EEAB4E62390F4511" ID-CoL="7PW2F" box="[198,372,1119,1144]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Psammophaga" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EEAB4E62390F4511" box="[198,372,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Psammophaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E188084845FF87EFE84E6339C24511" box="[389,441,1118,1144]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EC724E623B364511" ID-CoL="4NCST" authority="Arnold, 1982" authorityName="Arnold" authorityYear="1982" box="[543,845,1118,1144]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Psammophaga" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="simplora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EC724E623ADE4511" box="[543,677,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">P. simplora</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B5B4845FF87ECC34E633B364511" author="Arnold" box="[686,845,1118,1144]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" refString="Arnold, Z. (1982) Psammophaga simplora n. gen., n. sp., a polygenomic Californian saccamminid. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 12, 72 - 78." type="journal article" year="1982">Arnold, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EDB14E623C144511" ID-CoL="7PMMN" box="[988,1135,1119,1144]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Leptammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EDB14E623C144511" box="[988,1135,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Leptammina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having an outer finely agglutinating test layer and an inner organic wall. Both genera also have an entosolenian tube. One obvious difference is that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EF044E913A6245AC" ID-CoL="7PW2F" box="[361,537,1196,1221]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Psammophaga" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EF044E913A6245AC" box="[361,537,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Psammophaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ingests large quantities of mineral particles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B5B4845FF87EA5B4E913CAF45AF" author="Arnold" box="[1078,1236,1196,1222]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" refString="Arnold, Z. (1982) Psammophaga simplora n. gen., n. sp., a polygenomic Californian saccamminid. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 12, 72 - 78." type="journal article" year="1982">Arnold 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), a feature never observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EF594EEE39AA4585" ID-CoL="7PMMN" box="[308,465,1235,1260]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Leptammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EF594EEE39AA4585" box="[308,465,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Leptammina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The test also has a relatively much thicker inner organic layer than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EEFA4EC43951447B" ID-CoL="7PMMN" box="[151,298,1273,1298]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Leptammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EEFA4EC43951447B" box="[151,298,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Leptammina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536AA4845FF87EEAB4F1D3D24478A" blockId="3.[151,1438,152,1763]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Like
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EF6E4F1D39DB4450" box="[259,416,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EF6E4F1D39E74450" ID-CoL="7PY9Z" box="[259,412,1312,1337]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Saccammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">Saccammina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EC724F1D3A064450" ID-CoL="7PTLL" box="[543,637,1312,1337]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Pilulina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EC724F1D3A064450" box="[543,637,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Pilulina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E188084845FF87ECE04F1D3ABA4453" box="[653,705,1312,1338]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87ED494F1D3C104453" ID-CoL="4HVPR" authority="Carpenter, 1875" authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1875" box="[804,1131,1312,1338]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Pilulina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="jeffreysii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87ED494F1D3BDC4450" box="[804,935,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">P. jeffreysii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B5B4845FF87EDC34F1D3C104453" author="Carpenter" box="[942,1131,1312,1338]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" refString="Carpenter, W. B. (1875) The Microscope and Its Revelations, 5 th ed., J. & A. Churchill, London, xxxii + 848 pp., 25 pls." type="book" year="1875">Carpenter, 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is a heterogeneous taxon in need of revision. The species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EC794F7A3AEC4409" ID-CoL="4HVPR" box="[532,663,1351,1376]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Pilulina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="jeffreysii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EC794F7A3AEC4409" box="[532,663,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">P. jeffreysii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is large, up to at least
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B4F4845FF87EDCC4F7B3B9E4409" box="[929,997,1350,1376]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter, with a fairly rigid test wall and an elongate slit-like aperture.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EC524F503AD944EF" ID-CoL="7PTLL" box="[575,674,1389,1414]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Pilulina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EC524F503AD944EF" box="[575,674,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Pilulina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not have any similarity to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EA594F503CB644EF" ID-CoL="7PMMN" box="[1076,1229,1389,1414]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Leptammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EA594F503CB644EF" box="[1076,1229,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Leptammina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, some species assigned to this genus differ from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E188084845FF87ECA24FA93B7F44C7" box="[719,772,1428,1454]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species so much that their placement is questionable.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EEFA4F863A7644BD" ID-CoL="4HVPT" authority="Cushman, 1910" authorityName="Cushman" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,525,1466,1492]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Pilulina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="ovata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EEFA4F86393F44BD" box="[151,324,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Pilulina ovata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B5B4845FF87EF214F873A7644BD" author="Cushman" box="[332,525,1466,1492]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" refString="Cushman, J. A. (1910) A monograph of the foraminifera of the North Pacific Ocean. Pt. 1. Astrorhizidae and Lituolidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 71 (1), 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1910">Cushman, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described from the North Pacific Ocean, has an oval test with a very thin, finely agglutinated wall. However, it is much larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87ED544FDC3BB74493" ID-CoL="7PMMN" box="[825,972,1505,1530]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Leptammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87ED544FDC3BB74493" box="[825,972,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Leptammina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and has an irregularly shaped aperture. Another species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EF034C353B76474B" ID-CoL="4HVPQ" authority="Hoglund, 1947" authorityName="Hoglund" authorityYear="1947" box="[366,781,1544,1570]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Pilulina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="argentea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EF034C353A334748" box="[366,584,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Pilulina argentea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B5B4845FF87EC3D4C353B76474B" author="Hoglund" box="[592,781,1544,1570]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" refString="Hoglund, H. (1947) Foraminifera in the Gullmar fjord and the Skagerak. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala 26, 1 - 328 + 32 pls." type="journal article" year="1947">Höglund, 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, resembles superficially the "silver saccamminid" of Pawlowski
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EF734C1239224721" box="[286,345,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2002, 2005) so much that we earlier believed them to be identical.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B5B4845FF87EA194C133D4A4721" author="Hoglund" box="[1140,1329,1582,1608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" refString="Hoglund, H. (1947) Foraminifera in the Gullmar fjord and the Skagerak. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala 26, 1 - 328 + 32 pls." type="journal article" year="1947">Höglund (1947)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included this species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EFBD4C683A4E4707" ID-CoL="7PTLL" box="[464,565,1621,1646]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Pilulina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EFBD4C683A4E4707" box="[464,565,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Pilulina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with some hesitation. He wrote "Rather than erect a new genus, I am referring this species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EFD94C413A6847FC" ID-CoL="7PTLL" box="[436,531,1660,1685]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Pilulina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EFD94C413A6847FC" box="[436,531,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Pilulina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although neither the aperture nor the structure of the wall exactly coincides with any of the hitherto described species belonging to this genus". Molecular evidence (see below) suggests that one undescribed species with a reflective, silver-coloured test wall is closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D294845FF87EAAB4CF43D22478B" ID-CoL="7PMMN" box="[1222,1369,1737,1762]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Leptammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAB84845FF87EAAB4CF43D22478B" box="[1222,1369,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Leptammina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |