185 lines
21 KiB
XML
185 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="78896E1A8D16A42D442C2D89AE390D48">A taxonomic assessment of Chlorospingus flavopectus phaeocephalus and Chlorospingus semifuscus (Passeriformes: Passerellidae), including the description of a new subspecies</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6349B8465AA8D685EF59B9719CB62F7E">Sánchez-Nivicela, Manuel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BFDF92D1FB5EED3FAD9A85C73E46DDD8">Instituto Nacional de la Biodiversidad del Ecuador (INABIO), calle Rumipamba 341 y Av. de Los Shyris, Casilla 17 - 07 - 8976, Quito, Ecuador. clandestine. bird @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1989 - 5356 & Comité Ecuatoriano de Registros Ornitológicos (CERO), Ecuador. & Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Ecuador.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8AFA039151EB749F3CBCE55757101356" type="email">clandestine.bird@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="DC9AB0010465709AD965F0129219C4EF">Avendaño, Jorge Enrique</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D81673799DE037BBA8D071D41D01923C">Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia. jorgeavec @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8707 - 3987</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1D183948E91FEDADA6DCA5DB88E59CE6" type="email">jorgeavec@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="88A749E9F044C2D0C12A51604A9DB5B9">Sánchez-Nivicela, Juan C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="78CE3DDFF7B7CE2E7E88228A1E940A0B">Instituto Nacional de la Biodiversidad del Ecuador (INABIO), calle Rumipamba 341 y Av. de Los Shyris, Casilla 17 - 07 - 8976, Quito, Ecuador. clandestine. bird @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1989 - 5356 & Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias, Bogotá D. C., Colombia; Grupo de Investigación Evolución y Ecología de Fauna Neotropical & Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre y Museo de Zoología, Campus Cumbayá, Quito 170901, Ecuador.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CBB574D310B9B54AF32FD95562C1BD2C" type="email">clandestine.bird@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="75C5ACA96BF06651C08C6BAB50CE68F9">Torres, Ana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B63C287A052DDFC899BFD9B3DA25CF58">Université Paris Est Créteil, LAB’URBA, F- 94010 Créteil, France. & Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO UMR 7204), MNHN, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, CP 135, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="231FD06E339D249D4F3D921EF4784F6C">Fuchs, Jérôme</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="615C330029500BCE826E80655FA2C0BD">Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 51, 75005 Paris, France.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CA5CB0DAAC5ECA57AFB79AFAF2380ABF">Bird, Bentley</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1C67ED94BF4BC5094EA9E16D68DC7086">American Museum of Natural History, Department of Ornithology, Central Park West at 79 Street, New York, New York 10024 - 5192. Office: 212 - 769 - 5788</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5FC1D10DAB5573410E0B088D2AC41C3F">Bonaccorso, Elisa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7AAD0020A5417ACD9F7C44CF7CE5125E">Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Ecuador.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="4704982893EF0317ECF51661A883EEBC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8A03E709CBD0CBE11D1A42EAA625F70F">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D7D00A04DBD8B6AF877DA1348B457015">2021-10-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="792BAE4A0C3139E590FEFAB3F9D608CF">5057</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="4154D353140DBCCAD6A22D1DDA474A91" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5057.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E5FD39FFF1FFD5C6EEFB09FE57FF37" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5589419" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189159443" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5589419" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E5FD39FFF1FFD5C6EEFB09FE57FF37" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E5FD39FFF1FFD5C6EEFB09FE57FF37" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
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<subSubSection id="C3561FA4FFF1FFD6C6EEFB09FEE8F9C7" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF34C2FFFF1FFD6C6EEFB09FC5EFB26" blockId="13.[151,897,1230,1257]" box="[151,897,1230,1257]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
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<heading id="D0BBFB43FFF1FFD6C6EEFB09FC5EFB26" bold="true" box="[151,897,1230,1257]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C37ACFFF1FFD6C6EEFB09FC5EFB26" authority="semifuscus Sclater & Salvin, 1873" authorityName="semifuscus Sclater & Salvin" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,897,1230,1257]" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Chlorospingus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="semifuscus" subSpecies="semifuscus">
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<emphasis id="B938903DFFF1FFD6C6EEFB09FC5EFB26" bold="true" box="[151,897,1230,1257]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
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<emphasis id="B938903DFFF1FFD6C6EEFB09FDBCFB26" bold="true" box="[151,611,1230,1257]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Chlorospingus semifuscus semifuscus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD31DEFFF1FFD6C413FB09FC5EFB26" author="Sclater, P. L. & Salvin, O." box="[618,897,1230,1256]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" refId="ref21426" refString="Sclater, P. L. & Salvin, O. (1873) Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium. J. W. Elliot, London, 163 pp." type="book" year="1873">Sclater & Salvin, 1873</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF34C2FFFF1FFD6C6EEFAD0FEE8F9C7" blockId="13.[151,1437,1303,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
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Plumage and iris coloration (n = 48;
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<specimenCount id="9D4A87A6FFF1FFD6C43BFAD0FD74FAFF" box="[578,683,1303,1329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="male">18 males</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D4A87A6FFF1FFD6C4C1FAD0FCE8FAFF" box="[696,823,1303,1329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="female">18 females</specimenCount>
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, and 12 unsexed). —Throat color and pattern: smoke gray (C.44) with scarce dark neutral gray (c.83) and/or glaucous (C.79) speckles; a fine hint of a dark neutral gray (C.83) moustachial stripe may be observed depending on the angle. Pectoral band: absent, but hints of olive-yellow (C.52), light yellowish olive
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<emphasis id="B938903DFFF1FFD6C7A3FA44FE2DFA53" box="[474,498,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">(i.</emphasis>
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23) mixed with pale neutral gray (C.86) on this body part; it gives the impression of a faint breast band. Sides of shoulders: olive-yellow (C.52). Belly: a mixture of medium (C.84), light (C.85), and pale neutral gray (C.86); barbules sometimes olive-yellow (C.52) and/or light yellowish olive (
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<emphasis id="B938903DFFF1FFD6C2BAFA0CFB0EFA2A" box="[1219,1233,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">i.</emphasis>
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23). Iris red, ruby, or orange-red.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3561FA4FFF1FFD5C6BEF9D4FE57FF37" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF34C2FFFF1FFD6C6BEF9D4FEE1F8E7" blockId="13.[151,1437,1303,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
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Breeding. —In
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<collectingCountry id="F35B0CBFFFF1FFD6C703F9D4FE03F9E3" box="[378,476,1555,1581]" name="Ecuador" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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: MSN observed a begging fledgling in Quinde Luna (feeders area), northwest
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<collectingRegion id="498882CDFFF1FFD6C318F9D4FE9DF99F" country="Ecuador" name="Pichincha" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Pichincha Province</collectingRegion>
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, on
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<date id="FFF26AEFFFF1FFD6C70BF9F0FDEFF99F" box="[370,560,1591,1617]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" value="2019-02-02">2 February 2019</date>
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; a juvenile being fed by an adult was photographed by MSN at Birdwatchers House on Santa Rosa area,
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<collectingRegion id="498882CDFFF1FFD6C7B5F99CFD78F9BB" box="[460,679,1627,1653]" country="Ecuador" name="Pichincha" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Pichincha Province</collectingRegion>
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, on
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<date id="FFF26AEFFFF1FFD6C4AEF99CFC79F9BB" box="[727,934,1627,1653]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" value="2018-11-04">4 November 2018</date>
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. In
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<collectingCountry id="F35B0CBFFFF1FFD6C5B6F99CFB9DF9BB" box="[975,1090,1627,1653]" name="Colombia" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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: A juvenile reported from west
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<collectingRegion id="498882CDFFF1FFD6C6EEF9B8FF3AF957" box="[151,229,1663,1689]" country="Colombia" name="Narino" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Nariño</collectingRegion>
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in July (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD31DEFFF1FFD6C731F9B9FD88F957" author="Fjeldsa, J. & Krabbe, N." box="[328,599,1662,1689]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" refId="ref17679" refString="Fjeldsa, J. & Krabbe, N. (1990) Birds of the High Andes. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen & Svendborg, Apollo Books, Copenhagen, 876 pp." type="book" year="1990">Fjeldså & Krabbe 1990</bibRefCitation>
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). At Ñambí River, La Planada,
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<collectingRegion id="498882CDFFF1FFD6C5C3F9B8FB47F957" box="[954,1176,1663,1689]" country="Colombia" name="Narino" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Nariño Department</collectingRegion>
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: on
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<date id="FFF26AEFFFF1FFD6C2BEF9B8FAB3F957" box="[1223,1388,1662,1689]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" value="1995-08-09">9 August 1995</date>
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and
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<date id="FFF26AEFFFF1FFD6C6EEF964FEF1F973" box="[151,302,1699,1725]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" value="1996-05-13">13 May 1996</date>
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, a pair carrying nesting material; a nest under construction on
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<date id="FFF26AEFFFF1FFD6C598F964FBA1F973" box="[993,1150,1699,1725]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" value="1997-04-23">23 April 1997</date>
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; adults feeding fledglings and juveniles between
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<date id="FFF26AEFFFF1FFD6C7ECF900FD07F92F" box="[405,728,1734,1761]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" value="1995-10" valueMax="1995-12-31" valueMin="1995-10-00">October and December 1995</date>
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, and in
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<date id="FFF26AEFFFF1FFD6C554F900FC43F92F" box="[813,924,1735,1761]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" value="1996-07">July 1996</date>
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; young birds being fed in
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<date id="FFF26AEFFFF1FFD6C2C5F900FF10F8CB" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" value="1997-06" valueMax="1997-09-31" valueMin="1997-06-00">June and September 1997</date>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD31DEFFF1FFD6C6A4F92CFE21F8CB" author="Bohorquez, C. I. & Stiles, F. G." box="[221,510,1771,1797]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="281 - 291" refId="ref16051" refString="Bohorquez, C. I. & Stiles, F. G. (2002) The paradoxical social system of the Dusky Bush-Tanager (Chlorospingus semifuscus): Lekking in a nine-primaried oscine? Journal of Field Ornithology, 73 (3), 281 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.1648 / 0273 - 8570 - 73.3.281" type="journal article" year="2002">Bohórquez & Stiles 2002</bibRefCitation>
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); adults carrying food and feeding young in April, and on
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<date id="FFF26AEFFFF1FFD6C2FBF92CFA43F8CB" box="[1154,1436,1771,1797]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" value="1998-06-29" valueMax="1998-07-11" valueMin="1998-06-29">29 June and 11 July 1998</date>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD31DEFFF1FFD6C6E6F8C8FEEEF8E7" author="Strewe, R." box="[159,305,1807,1833]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="265 - 269" refId="ref21876" refString="Strewe, R. (2001) Notes on nests and breeding activity of fourteen bird species from southwestern Colombia. Ornitologia Neotropical, 12, 265 - 269." type="journal article" year="2001">Strewe 2001</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF34C2FFFF1FFD5C6BEF8F4FE57FF37" blockId="13.[151,1437,1303,2013]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1436,151,249]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
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Distribution. —From the Pacific slope in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498882CDFFF1FFD6C4E3F8F4FCAAF883" box="[666,885,1843,1869]" country="Colombia" name="Narino" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Nariño Department</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B0CBFFFF1FFD6C5F8F8F4FC30F883" box="[897,1007,1843,1869]" name="Colombia" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(southern bank of the Patía River valley), southwards along the Ecuadorian western Andean slope towards El Porvenir, in Bolívar Province, at
|
||
<quantity id="4CB4E1CAFFF1FFD6C32FF890FF33F85B" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="1750.0" valueMax="2300.0" valueMin="1200.0">1200‒ 2300 m</quantity>
|
||
(locally higher) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD31DEFFF1FFD6C7D6F8BCFDABF85B" author="Freile, J. F. & Brinkhuizen, D. M. & Greenfield, P. J. & Lysinger, M. & Navarrete, L. & Nilsson, J. & Olmstead, S. & Ridgely, R. S. & Nivicela, M. & Solano-Ugalde, A. & Athanas, N. & Ahlman, R. & Boyla, K. A." box="[431,628,1915,1941]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" refId="ref17792" refString="Freile, J. F., Brinkhuizen, D. M., Greenfield, P. J., Lysinger, M., Navarrete, L., Nilsson, J., Olmstead, S., Ridgely, R. S., Sanchez- Nivicela, M., Solano-Ugalde, A., Athanas, N., Ahlman, R. & Boyla, K. A. (2020) Lista de las Aves del Ecuador / Checklist of the Birds of Ecuador. Comite Ecuatoriano de Registros Ornitologicos. Available from: https: // ceroecuador. wordpress. com / (accessed 12 September 2020)" type="url" year="2020">
|
||
Freile
|
||
<emphasis id="B938903DFFF1FFD6C780F8BCFDEDF85B" box="[505,562,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD31DEFFF1FFD6C406F8BCFCD5F858" author="Hilty, S." box="[639,778,1915,1942]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" refId="ref18940" refString="Hilty, S. (2020 b) Dusky Chlorospingus (Chlorospingus semifuscus), version 1.0. In: J. del Hoyo, Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D. A. & de Juana, E. (Eds.), Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca. Available from: https: // doi. org / 10.2173 / bow. dubtan 1.01 (accessed 8 May 2020)" type="book" year="2020">Hilty 2020b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The southern limit is inferred by the existence of a single skin of a male dated 1899 (NHMUK 1931.11.23.8), from El Porvenir, Bolívar Province, with no confirmed reports of this taxon in this Province since then. Possibly, the current southern limit of the distribution of
|
||
<emphasis id="B938903DFFF1FFD6C291F804FA43F813" box="[1256,1436,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
C. s.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C37ACFFF1FFD6C35AF804FA43F813" box="[1315,1436,1987,2013]" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Chlorospingus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semifuscus">semifuscus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is the Angamarca River. However, this river is considered a lesser barrier (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD31DEFFF2FFD5C5ACFF50FB76FF7F" author="Krabbe, N. & Skov, F. & Fjeldsa, J. & Petersen, I. K." box="[981,1193,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" refId="ref19468" refString="Krabbe, N., Skov, F., Fjeldsa, J. & Petersen, I. K. (1998) Avian Diversity in the Ecuadorian Andes. DIVA Technical Report 4. Centre for Research on Cultural and Biological Diversity of Andean Rainforests, Ronde, 143 pp." type="book" year="1998">
|
||
Krabbe
|
||
<emphasis id="B938903DFFF2FFD5C249FF50FBB7FF7F" box="[1072,1128,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), allowing occasional dispersal to Bolívar Province, as far south as El Porvenir. A revision of mislabeled specimens is available in Supplementary Material A9.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |