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<document id="125DF56B25B309D5D8B8CDE0478C092A" ID-DOI="10.1649/0010-065x-69.4.723" ID-ISSN="1938-4394" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10106443" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1630178189939" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="White, David S. &amp; Lenat, David A." docDate="2015" docId="03E587BBFFAB376A50CFFC044D7461E9" docLanguage="en" docName="0010-065X-69.4.723.pdf.imf" docOrigin="The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.4.723" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0305A7CAC51C960DDA50A7292A4D3620.8:TheColeopBull.2010-2016.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="0305A7CAC51C960DDA50A7292A4D3620" docStyleName="TheColeopBull.2010-2016.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Stenelmis hollandi White and Lenat, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="725" masterDocId="FFDCFFC3FFAB3769520CFFB14C2D6339" masterDocTitle="Stenelmis hollandiWhite and Lenat (Coleoptera: Elmidae), a New Species of Riffle Beetle from the Little River, North Carolina, USA" masterLastPageNumber="726" masterPageNumber="723" pageNumber="723" updateTime="1699637569304" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="6EC926C033EDA1109DD30AC8E1C51586">Stenelmis hollandiWhite and Lenat (Coleoptera: Elmidae), a New Species of Riffle Beetle from the Little River, North Carolina, USA</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="52FF5212FC799DBB3EE70E30E37C2A95" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A0946749F5E6F12FC1F9E63D17A4595C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="937180DF89D6FC430649F963C8C7941B">White, David S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="5056110DB5EE5D5313AE3B4DB493BA5C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="993079F7FA8E5CBE5375B434CA7347E6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8F02819970F6273B0C0CC836E0E2748F">Lenat, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E5997B1F926A7FF715D98DB3605CE293">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="C7CC6421F576E8AE3F40403CE600A6A9" type="host">
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<mods:title id="68C3FD91EB160B2252A17669F9F2B237">The Coleopterists Bulletin</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B40C97BEFEDAE39C95133D941FB05394">
<mods:date id="EE62534343783C501607DD32BD4B90C9">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="534DB16890B91AB90ECDC55E6E22B99C">2015-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="A07C696C230F51C10586EAD4A02BAD86" type="volume">
<mods:number id="DE0860C79690350D2F04FEE8A28EB1E4">69</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0CD189D3A02EE8FFE8F7A86BD01E7FC7">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="70A4420A53E8E6938022FA26E958150E">723</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="88647A4CA57A55A5860A565012802027">http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.4.723</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="ECF4F80788F2152F4562429CECE02526">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="6AE0C2BEF66D984A8C6571F1A614F026" type="DOI">10.1649/0010-065x-69.4.723</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="600A0F52A42A01CC984BD3485ECCCDC2" type="ISSN">1938-4394</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C6D0AAE5E8B5DA4003A04891625F940B" type="Zenodo-Dep">10106443</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E587BBFFAB376A50CFFC044D7461E9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E587BBFFAB376A50CFFC044D7461E9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E587BBFFAB376A50CFFC044D7461E9" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="725" pageId="0" pageNumber="723">
<subSubSection id="C3566526FFAB376950CFFC044FC760DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="723" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF336ADFFAB376950CFFC044FC760DC" blockId="0.[707,1193,949,997]" pageId="0" pageNumber="723">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFAB376950CFFC04488460F3" bold="true" box="[707,1193,949,970]" pageId="0" pageNumber="723">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D2EFFAB376950CFFC04480760F3" ID-CoL="6ZL2V" authority="White and Lenat" authorityName="White and Lenat" box="[707,1066,949,970]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Stenelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="723" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hollandi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFAB376950CFFC044F5B60F3" bold="true" box="[707,886,949,970]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="723">Stenelmis hollandi</emphasis>
White and Lenat
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57C4FFAB3769563AFC04488460F3" box="[1078,1193,949,970]" pageId="0" pageNumber="723" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13772A28FFAB37695184FC614FCE60DC" box="[904,995,975,997]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="1.[175,207,915,934]" captionStartId-1="1.[709,742,1270,1289]" captionTargetBox-0="[164,638,199,882]" captionTargetBox-1="[685,1171,194,1247]" captionTargetId-0="figure-297@1.[151,639,193,891]" captionTargetId-1="figure-326@1.[685,1173,193,1247]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="1" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Dorsal aspect of Stenelmis hollandi female showing general features of the pronotum and elytra. Photograph courtesy of Eric Fleek, North Carolina Division of Water Resources." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Dorsal view of Stenelmis hollandi male genitalia. Parameres are splayed more than they would appear naturally." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10106445" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10106447" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10106445/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10106447/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="723">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3566526FFAB376850D7FC4B4F3565B5" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="724" pageId="0" pageNumber="723" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF336ADFFAB376950D7FC4B4839677D" blockId="0.[707,1194,1018,1730]" pageId="0" pageNumber="723">
General description as in
<figureCitation id="13772A28FFAB376951D0FC4B483A6736" box="[988,1047,1018,1039]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[175,207,915,934]" captionTargetBox="[164,638,199,882]" captionTargetId="figure-297@1.[151,639,193,891]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Dorsal aspect of Stenelmis hollandi female showing general features of the pronotum and elytra. Photograph courtesy of Eric Fleek, North Carolina Division of Water Resources." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10106445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10106445/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="723">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
, except where noted, based on cleaned specimens. All specimens were collected by
<docAuthor id="20243720FFAB37695179FB9E483D677D" box="[885,1040,1071,1092]" pageId="0" pageNumber="723">David A. Lenat</docAuthor>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336ADFFAB376850D7FBFB4DF265B5" blockId="0.[707,1194,1018,1730]" lastBlockId="1.[151,639,1050,1729]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="724" pageId="0" pageNumber="723">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFAB376950D7FBFB4FB96766" bold="true" box="[731,916,1098,1119]" pageId="0" pageNumber="723">Description. Size:</emphasis>
Total length including head
<quantity id="4CB49B48FFAB376950CFFBD54F7F6740" box="[707,850,1124,1146]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.56" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.42" pageId="0" pageNumber="723" unit="mm" value="2.56" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="2.42">2.42–2.70 mm</quantity>
; width
<quantity id="4CB49B48FFAB37695197FBD548066740" box="[923,1067,1124,1146]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.85" metricValueMax="10.2" metricValueMin="9.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="723" unit="mm" value="0.985" valueMax="1.02" valueMin="0.95">0.95–1.02 mm</quantity>
. Because the head can be partially retracted into the pronotum, the combined length of the pronotum and elytra may be a better measure of length as was done by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B5CFFAB376950CFFB7E4F4667DD" author="Sanderson" box="[707,875,1231,1252]" pageId="0" pageNumber="723" pagination="635 - 717" refId="ref2159" refString="Sanderson, M. W. 1938. A monographic revision of the North American species of Stenelmis (Dryopidae: Coleoptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 25: 635 - 717." type="journal article" year="1938">Sanderson (1938)</bibRefCitation>
. Combining just the pronotal and elytral measurements, total length
<quantity id="4CB49B48FFAB37695619FB58488B67C7" box="[1045,1190,1257,1279]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.495" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.39" pageId="0" pageNumber="723" unit="mm" value="2.495" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="2.39">2.39–2.60 mm</quantity>
. Females on average slightly larger than males.
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFAB37695661FAB548846620" bold="true" box="[1133,1193,1284,1305]" pageId="0" pageNumber="723">Head:</emphasis>
Antennae and palpi yellow to flavotestaceous. Length of each antenna
<quantity id="4CB49B48FFAB376951BFFA88486C6677" box="[947,1089,1336,1358]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="723" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.75" valueMin="0.65">0.65–0.75 mm</quantity>
and equal to width of pronotum; granulations between eyes similar in size and appearance to those on pronotum.
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFAB37695103FA394F5166A4" bold="true" box="[783,892,1416,1437]" pageId="0" pageNumber="723">Pronotum:</emphasis>
Length
<quantity id="4CB49B48FFAB376951D8FA39484866A4" box="[980,1125,1416,1438]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="723" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.7">0.70–0.80 mm</quantity>
; width
<quantity id="4CB49B48FFAB376950CFFA124F7D6681" box="[707,848,1442,1464]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.85" metricValueMax="7.199999999999999" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="723" unit="mm" value="0.685" valueMax="0.72" valueMin="0.65">0.65–0.72 mm</quantity>
. Color dark brown, darker on lateral margins, basomesal triangle darker brown than most of dorsal surface; pronotum subparallel but not distinctly divergent at apex, abruptly constricted before middle, widest at middle, then tapering to slight sinuation at basal point; median sulcus shallow and not pronounced; lateral and posterior tubercles not distinctly raised; granulations weak and widely spaced.
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFAB37695169F9C64F9E65B5" bold="true" box="[869,947,1655,1676]" pageId="0" pageNumber="723">Elytra:</emphasis>
Length
<quantity id="4CB49B48FFAB37695601F9C6488865B5" box="[1037,1189,1655,1677]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.735" metricValueMax="1.85" metricValueMin="1.62" pageId="0" pageNumber="723" unit="mm" value="1.735" valueMax="1.85" valueMin="1.62">1.62–1.85 mm</quantity>
, females slightly longer than males on average; width
<quantity id="4CB49B48FFAB376950CFF91D4F6665F8" box="[707,843,1708,1730]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.95" metricValueMax="10.2" metricValueMin="9.7" pageId="0" pageNumber="723" unit="mm" value="0.995" valueMax="1.02" valueMin="0.97">0.97–1.02 mm</quantity>
. Color brown, darker laterally on some specimens, moderately shiny in cleaned specimens; each elytron with a single longitudinal testaceous vitta not overlapping umbone, occupying area between the lateral carina and discal costa on the 3
<superScript id="7C399BE5FFAA376852AFFBCF4C9F67B5" attach="left" box="[163,178,1150,1164]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="724">rd</superScript>
interval, vitta extending to near apex of elytra, may be slightly constricted or clouded medially; elytral punctures large and deep, decreasing slightly in size toward the apex.
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFAA3768538BFB634DE267DE" bold="true" box="[391,463,1234,1255]" pageId="1" pageNumber="724">Venter:</emphasis>
Uniformly brown to light brown; apical abdominal emargination approximately equal to width of last tarsomere.
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFAA3768529BFA904CFC660F" bold="true" box="[151,209,1313,1334]" pageId="1" pageNumber="724">Legs:</emphasis>
Tarsi yellow to flavotestaceous similar to antennae; femora and tibiae darker. Apices of femora and tibiae testaceous. Femora, tibiae, and tarsomeres of all legs of approximately equal length,
<quantity id="4CB49B48FFAA3768529BFA3B4D0E66A6" box="[151,291,1418,1440]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" metricValueMax="6.2" metricValueMin="5.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" unit="mm" value="0.57" valueMax="0.62" valueMin="0.52">0.52–0.62 mm</quantity>
; male mesotibial spinous ridge present; last tarsal segment distinctly dilated in distal third; last tarsomere longer than tarsomeres 1–4 combined, claws robust; granules of femora and tarsi separated by about their diameters.
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFAA376853E4FA454E506530" bold="true" box="[488,637,1524,1545]" pageId="1" pageNumber="724">Male genitalia:</emphasis>
Total length
<quantity id="4CB49B48FFAA3768531FF9BF4D8E651A" box="[275,419,1549,1571]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" unit="mm" value="0.51" valueMax="0.52" valueMin="0.5">0.50–0.52 mm</quantity>
; width
<quantity id="4CB49B48FFAA376853E1F9BF4E57651A" box="[493,634,1549,1571]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.16" valueMin="0.14">0.14–0.16 mm</quantity>
; parameres shorter than penis, rounded at tips (
<figureCitation id="13772A28FFAA37685292F9F24CF56561" box="[158,216,1603,1624]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[709,742,1270,1289]" captionTargetBox="[685,1171,194,1247]" captionTargetId="figure-326@1.[685,1173,193,1247]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 2. Dorsal view of Stenelmis hollandi male genitalia. Parameres are splayed more than they would appear naturally." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10106447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10106447/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="724">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
); penis noticeably constricted in middle; lateral processes on penis prominent, widest in basal third, tapering toward tip of penis.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF336625FFAA376852A3FC224D6E60D4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10106445" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10106445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10106445/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" startId="1.[175,207,915,934]" targetBox="[164,638,199,882]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8BF336ADFFAA376852A3FC224D6E60D4" blockId="1.[151,639,914,1005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="724">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFAA376852A3FC224CC0609F" bold="true" box="[175,237,915,934]" pageId="1" pageNumber="724">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
Dorsal aspect of
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D2EFFAA37685397FC234E11609C" box="[411,572,914,933]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Stenelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hollandi">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFAA37685397FC234E11609C" box="[411,572,914,933]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="724">Stenelmis hollandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female showing general features of the pronotum and elytra. Photograph courtesy of Eric Fleek, North Carolina Division of Water Resources.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF336625FFAA376850C9FB474F6F6600" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10106447" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10106447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10106447/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" startId="1.[709,742,1270,1289]" targetBox="[685,1171,194,1247]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8BF336ADFFAA376850C9FB474F6F6600" blockId="1.[685,1171,1270,1337]" pageId="1" pageNumber="724">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFAA376850C9FB474F2B6630" bold="true" box="[709,774,1270,1289]" pageId="1" pageNumber="724">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
Dorsal view of
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D2EFFAA376851BEFB4748726630" box="[946,1119,1270,1289]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Stenelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hollandi">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFAA376851BEFB4748726630" box="[946,1119,1270,1289]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="724">Stenelmis hollandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male genitalia. Parameres are splayed more than they would appear naturally.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF336ADFFAA376852A3F9234F3565B5" blockId="1.[151,639,1050,1729]" lastBlockId="1.[685,1173,1389,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="724">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFAA376852A3F9234CDE659E" bold="true" box="[175,243,1682,1703]" pageId="1" pageNumber="724">Types.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B243CF0FFAA3768530EF923487A66BB" collectingDate="2011-08-02" collectingDateMax="2031-06-23" collectingDateMin="2011-08-02" collectorName="D. A. Lenat" country="United States of America" county="Harnett County" location="Lower Little River" municipality="State Road" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North Carolina" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54F7880FFFAA3768530EF9234D4E659E" box="[258,355,1682,1703]" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, male;
<location id="8E936076FFAA376853BFF9234E57659E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E587BBFFAB376A50CFFC044D7461E9:8E936076FFAA376853BFF9234E57659E" box="[435,634,1682,1703]" country="United States of America" county="Harnett County" municipality="State Road" name="Lower Little River" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" stateProvince="North Carolina">Lower Little River</location>
,
<collectingCounty id="62924E21FFAA3768529BF91D4D0565F8" box="[151,296,1708,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="724">Harnett County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="4988F84FFFAA3768533DF91D4D9265F8" box="[305,447,1708,1729]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="1" pageNumber="724">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35B763DFFAA376853C4F91D4DD765F8" box="[456,506,1708,1729]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="724">USA</collectingCountry>
, at
<collectingMunicipality id="6B97ACD7FFAA37685014F91D4E5365F8" box="[536,638,1708,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="724">State Road</collectingMunicipality>
<date id="FFF2106DFFAA376850A1FADC4F1466BB" box="[685,825,1389,1410]" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" value="2031-06-23">
<collectingDate id="EFB6E985FFAA376850A1FADC4F1466BB" box="[685,825,1389,1410]" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" value="2031-06-23">2031, 23 June</collectingDate>
</date>
/
<date id="FFF2106DFFAA37685133FADC4FFC66BB" box="[831,977,1389,1410]" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" value="2011-08-02">
<collectingDate id="EFB6E985FFAA37685133FADC4FFC66BB" box="[831,977,1389,1410]" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" value="2011-08-02">2 August 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26B9537BFFAA376851D2FADC487A66BB" box="[990,1111,1389,1410]" pageId="1" pageNumber="724">D. A. Lenat</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="54F7880FFFAA3768566EFADC4EC966A4" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD24FFAA376850FCFA394F6566A4" box="[752,840,1416,1437]" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" type="male">10 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD24FFAA37685170FA394FCA66A4" box="[892,999,1416,1437]" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" type="female">10 females</specimenCount>
with same information as type.
<materialsCitation id="3B243CF0FFAA3768514AFA124F3965B5" collectionCode="OK" country="United States of America" county="The" location="National Museum of Natural History" municipality="Norman" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" specimenCount="12" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Washington" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54F7880FFFAA3768514AFA124FB06681" box="[838,925,1443,1464]" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
along with
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD24FFAA3768561DFA1248476681" box="[1041,1130,1443,1464]" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" type="male">five male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD24FFAA376850A1FA0C4F3966EB" box="[685,788,1469,1490]" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" type="female">five female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="54F7880FFFAA37685115FA0C4F5D66EB" box="[793,880,1469,1490]" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
to be deposited at United States
<location id="8E936076FFAA376850A1FA69483F66D4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E587BBFFAB376A50CFFC044D7461E9:8E936076FFAA376850A1FA69483F66D4" box="[685,1042,1496,1517]" country="United States of America" county="The" municipality="Norman" name="National Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" stateProvince="Washington">National Museum of Natural History</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="4988F84FFFAA37685611FA6948BD66D4" box="[1053,1168,1496,1517]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="1" pageNumber="724">Washington</collectingRegion>
, DC.
<location id="8E936076FFAA376850D0FA434F07653E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E587BBFFAB376A50CFFC044D7461E9:8E936076FFAA376850D0FA434F07653E" box="[732,810,1522,1543]" country="United States of America" county="The" municipality="Norman" name="Another" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" stateProvince="Washington">Another</location>
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD24FFAA3768513DFA434F87653E" box="[817,938,1522,1543]" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">10 paratypes</specimenCount>
will be deposited at the
<location id="8E936076FFAA376850A1F9BC4F3A651B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E587BBFFAB376A50CFFC044D7461E9:8E936076FFAA376850A1F9BC4F3A651B" box="[685,791,1549,1570]" country="United States of America" county="The" municipality="Norman" name="Sam Noble" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" stateProvince="Washington">Sam Noble</location>
<collectingRegion id="4988F84FFFAA37685113F9BC4FAC651B" box="[799,897,1549,1570]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="1" pageNumber="724">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
<location id="8E936076FFAA37685184F9BC48BD651B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E587BBFFAB376A50CFFC044D7461E9:8E936076FFAA37685184F9BC48BD651B" box="[904,1168,1549,1570]" country="United States of America" county="The" municipality="Norman" name="Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" stateProvince="Washington">Museum of Natural History</location>
,
<location id="8E936076FFAA376850A1F9964F136505" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E587BBFFAB376A50CFFC044D7461E9:8E936076FFAA376850A1F9964F136505" box="[685,830,1575,1596]" country="United States of America" county="The" municipality="Norman" name="The University" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" stateProvince="Washington">The University</location>
of
<collectingRegion id="4988F84FFFAA3768516DF9964FEA6505" box="[865,967,1575,1596]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="1" pageNumber="724">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B97ACD7FFAA376851DEF996480F6505" box="[978,1058,1575,1596]" pageId="1" pageNumber="724">Norman</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5DAE68FFAA37685622F996487E6505" box="[1070,1107,1575,1596]" pageId="1" pageNumber="724">OK</collectionCode>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35B763DFFAA37685652F99648BC6505" box="[1118,1169,1575,1596]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="724">USA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingCounty id="62924E21FFAA376850A1F9F34EFF656E" box="[685,722,1602,1623]" pageId="1" pageNumber="724">The</collectingCounty>
remaining specimens, including the additional 19 that were measured, are in the collections of the first author
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3566526FFAA376A50C9F9234D7461E9" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="726" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF336ADFFAA376B50C9F9234E41612F" blockId="1.[685,1173,1389,1729]" lastBlockId="2.[173,660,194,853]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="725" pageId="1" pageNumber="724">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFAA376850C9F9234F03659E" bold="true" box="[709,814,1682,1703]" pageId="1" pageNumber="724">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
It is not possible at this time to alter existing keys (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B5CFFAA37685160F91D482465F8" author="Sanderson" box="[876,1033,1708,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="724" pagination="635 - 717" refId="ref2159" refString="Sanderson, M. W. 1938. A monographic revision of the North American species of Stenelmis (Dryopidae: Coleoptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 25: 635 - 717." type="journal article" year="1938">Sanderson 1938</bibRefCitation>
; Brown 1972; White 1982a; Ciegler 2003) to include
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D2EFFA9376B5027FF734EBE63EE" box="[555,659,194,215]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Stenelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="725" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hollandi">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFA9376B5027FF734EBE63EE" box="[555,659,194,215]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="725">S. hollandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
without restructuring many of the couplets. Indeed, the genus is in need of examination using molecular techniques before any revision occurs.
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D2EFFA9376B503AFEA04CD66278" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Stenelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="725" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hollandi">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFA9376B503AFEA04CD66278" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="725">Stenelmis hollandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be anatomically separated from similar species such as
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D2EFFA9376B5367FEF74EBD6265" authority="Sanderson" authorityName="Sanderson" authorityYear="1938" box="[363,656,326,348]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Stenelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="725" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decorata">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFA9376B5367FEF74E0F6262" box="[363,546,326,347]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="725">Stenelmis decorata</emphasis>
Sanderson
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D2EFFA9376B52A1FED04DDD624E" authority="LeConte" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1852" box="[173,496,353,375]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Stenelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="725" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicarinata">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFA9376B52A1FED04DA7624F" box="[173,394,353,374]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="725">Stenelmis bicarinata</emphasis>
LeConte
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D2EFFA9376B5023FED04DAB62A8" authority="Sanderson" authorityName="Sanderson" authorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Stenelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="725" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexula">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFA9376B5023FED04D3E62A9" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="725">Stenelmis convexula</emphasis>
Sanderson
</taxonomicName>
by the shape of the male genitalia and the combination of its small size, distinct, single, testaceous vitta on each elytron that does not overlap the umbone, distinctly dilated fifth tarsomere, and mesotibial ridge in males. Additionally, it has yellowish palpi, antennae, and tarsi.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336ADFFA9376B52C9FDAA4FAD6278" blockId="2.[173,660,194,853]" lastBlockId="2.[707,1193,194,853]" pageId="2" pageNumber="725">
So far, this species is known only from the Little River in
<collectingRegion id="4988F84FFFA9376B530FFD874DBA6172" box="[259,407,566,587]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="2" pageNumber="725">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
. It is quite possible, however, that it will be discovered in additional Sandhills rivers when more systems are surveyed, as has been true for other
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D2EFFA9376B533BFD344DBC61A3" authorityName="Dufour (White and Roughley" authorityYear="2008" box="[311,401,645,666]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Stenelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="725" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFA9376B533BFD344DBC61A3" box="[311,401,645,666]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="725">Stenelmis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described from seemingly restricted locations in the Carolinas (White and Brown 1976;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B5CFFA9376B533BFD0A4D9461E9" author="White" box="[311,441,699,720]" pageId="2" pageNumber="725" pagination="170 - 174" refId="ref2293" refString="White, D. S. 1982 b. Stenelmis morsei, a new species of riffle beetle from South Carolina. The Coleopterists Bulletin 36: 170 - 174." type="journal article" year="1982">White 1982b</bibRefCitation>
; Ciegler 2003). There are at least four other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D2EFFA9376B53FCFD644E6761D3" authorityName="Dufour (White and Roughley" authorityYear="2008" box="[496,586,725,746]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Stenelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="725" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFA9376B53FCFD644E6761D3" box="[496,586,725,746]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="725">Stenelmis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
known from the Little River (
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D2EFFA9376B537CFD414EA2603C" authority="Sanderson" authorityName="Sanderson" authorityYear="1938" box="[368,655,752,773]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Stenelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="725" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennalis">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFA9376B537CFD414E07603C" box="[368,554,752,773]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="725">Stenelmis antennalis</emphasis>
Sanderson
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D2EFFA9376B52A1FCBB4E076026" authority="Schmude and Barr" authorityName="Schmude and Barr" box="[173,554,778,799]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Stenelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="725" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lignicola">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFA9376B52A1FCBB4D456026" box="[173,360,778,799]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="725">Stenelmis lignicola</emphasis>
Schmude and Barr
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D2EFFA9376B503BFCBB4D196003" authority="White" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1982" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Stenelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="725" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morsei">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFA9376B503BFCBB4CC36003" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="725">Stenelmis morsei</emphasis>
White
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D2EFFA9376B5360FC944D37606C" authority="Schmude and Brown" authorityName="Schmude and Brown" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Stenelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="725" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xylonastis">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFA9376B5360FC944E1D6003" box="[364,560,805,826]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="725">Stenelmis xylonastis</emphasis>
Schmude and Brown
</taxonomicName>
), and perhaps there are more that have yet to be identified, but
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D2EFFA9376B51BFFF73483363EE" box="[947,1054,194,215]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Stenelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="725" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hollandi">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFA9376B51BFFF73483363EE" box="[947,1054,194,215]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="725">S. hollandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be the most common
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D2EFFA9376B5167FF6D4FEF63C8" authorityName="Dufour (White and Roughley" authorityYear="2008" box="[875,962,220,241]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Stenelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="725" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFA9376B5167FF6D4FEF63C8" box="[875,962,220,241]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="725">Stenelmis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the river. Other elmids captured at the time of the collection of
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D2EFFA9376B564FFF4648846235" box="[1091,1193,247,268]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Stenelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="725" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hollandi">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFA9376B564FFF4648846235" box="[1091,1193,247,268]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="725">S. hollandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
included
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D2EFFA9376B5119FEA04832621E" authority="(Say)" baseAuthorityName="Say" box="[789,1055,273,295]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Macronychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="725" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabratus">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFA9376B5119FEA04FC4621F" box="[789,1001,273,294]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="725">Macronychus glabratus</emphasis>
(Say)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D2EFFA9376B5646FEA04F566278" authority="(Germar)" baseAuthorityName="Germar" baseAuthorityYear="1824" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Ancyronyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="725" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFA9376B5646FEA04F316278" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="725">Ancyronyx variegata</emphasis>
(Germar)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336ADFFA9376B50D7FEF64F91603C" blockId="2.[707,1193,194,853]" pageId="2" pageNumber="725">
Much of the Lower Little River is designated as High Quality Water. The river at State Road 2023 (Moore County), about
<quantity id="4CB49B48FFA9376B51A1FECD4FC162A8" box="[941,1004,380,401]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="725" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
upstream from the
<typeStatus id="54F7880FFFA9376B50CFFE264EC06295" box="[707,749,407,428]" pageId="2" pageNumber="725">type</typeStatus>
locality, usually receives an excellent bioclassification based on high EPT (Ephemeroptera/
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D2EFFA9376B50CFFE7D4F0562D8" box="[707,808,460,481]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="725" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Plecoptera</taxonomicName>
/Trichoptera) taxa richness (31–35 species) and the presence of many highly intolerant species (
<collectingRegion id="4988F84FFFA9376B5119FDB04F8B612F" box="[789,934,513,534]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="2" pageNumber="725">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
Division of Water Quality 2004). Other invertebrate species that are endemic to the Lower Little River include the plecopterans
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D2EFFA9376B50CFFDE14888615F" authority="Kondratieff and Zeullig" authorityName="Kondratieff and Zeullig" box="[707,1189,592,614]" class="Insecta" family="Perlidae" genus="Perlesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="725" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leathermani">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFA9376B50CFFDE14FB3615C" box="[707,926,592,613]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="725">Perlesta leathermani</emphasis>
Kondratieff and Zeullig
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D2EFFA9376B50CFFDDA485861B9" authority="Kondratieff and Lenat" authorityName="Kondratieff and Lenat" box="[707,1141,619,640]" class="Insecta" family="Perlidae" genus="Perlesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="725" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bjostadi">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFA9376B50CFFDDA4F5561B9" box="[707,888,619,640]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="725">Perlesta bjostadi</emphasis>
Kondratieff and Lenat
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D2EFFA9376B50CFFD344ED7618C" authority="Kondratieff, Kirchener, and Lenat" authorityName="Kondratieff, Kirchener, and Lenat" class="Insecta" family="Chloroperlidae" genus="Haploperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="725" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fleeki">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFA9376B50CFFD344F5761A3" box="[707,890,645,666]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="725">Haploperla fleeki</emphasis>
Kondratieff, Kirchener, and Lenat
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B5CFFA9376B510BFD114FC6618C" author="Kondratieff" box="[775,1003,672,693]" pageId="2" pageNumber="725" pagination="859 - 863" refId="ref2023" refString="Kondratieff, B. C., R. F. Kirchner, and D. R. Lenat. 2005. Two new species of Haploperla Navas (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae) from North Carolina. Proceeding of the Entomological Society of Washington 107: 859 - 863." type="journal article" year="2005">
Kondratieff
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFA9376B518CFD114F87618C" box="[896,938,672,693]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="725">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B5CFFA9376B51FAFD114806618C" author="Kondratieff" box="[1014,1067,672,693]" pageId="2" pageNumber="725" pagination="31 - 38" refId="ref2073" refString="Kondratieff, B. C., R. E. Zeullig, R. F. Kirchner and D. R. Lenat. 2006. Three new species of Perlesta (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from eastern North America and notes on new state records. Illiesia 2: 31 - 38." type="journal article" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
). Steve Fend and the second author also have found two stillundescribed species of aquatic worms (
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D2EFFA9376B5612FD64488E61D3" box="[1054,1187,725,746]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="2" pageNumber="725" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Lumbriculidae</taxonomicName>
) in this section of the river.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336ADFFA9376A50D7FCBB4D7461E9" blockId="2.[707,1193,194,853]" lastBlockId="3.[151,639,194,720]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="726" pageId="2" pageNumber="725">
The Little River originates in the Piedmont ecoregion of
<collectingRegion id="4988F84FFFA9376B512CFC944F826003" box="[800,943,805,826]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="2" pageNumber="725">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
but flows mainly through the Sandhills ecoregion (Griffith
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFA9376B51F7FC8E4806606D" box="[1019,1067,831,852]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="725">et al.</emphasis>
2002). Mean stream width is usually about
<quantity id="4CB49B48FFA8376A53B3FF734E3563EE" box="[447,536,194,216]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" unit="m" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">
15–
<specimenCount id="9D4AFD24FFA8376A53EFFF734E3563EE" box="[483,536,194,215]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" type="generic">20 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Although much of the area has a sand/gravel substrate, sites with
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D2EFFA8376A52C7FF464D1B6235" box="[203,310,247,268]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Stenelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hollandi">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFA8376A52C7FF464D1B6235" box="[203,310,247,268]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">S. hollandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including the
<typeStatus id="54F7880FFFA8376A53C2FF464DDA6235" box="[462,503,247,268]" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">type</typeStatus>
locality, usually include some rubble and boulder habitat. The lower section of the river has very steep banks (gorge-like) with bedrock areas along the bank.
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D2EFFA8376A529BFED04D7E624F" box="[151,339,353,374]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Stenelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hollandi">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFA8376A529BFED04D7E624F" box="[151,339,353,374]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Stenelmis hollandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found primarily in fastflowing areas (
<figureCitation id="13772A28FFA8376A532DFECD4D7A62A8" box="[289,343,380,401]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[197,229,1710,1729]" captionTargetBox="[173,1193,918,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-377@2.[172,1193,917,1687]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 3. Typical Stenelmis hollandi riffle habitat on the Lower Little River, North Carolina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10106449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10106449/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) on rocks and gravel.
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D2EFFA8376A5029FECA4CF56292" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1982" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Stenelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morsei">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFA8376A5029FECA4CF56292" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Stenelmis morsei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was most often collected in gravel, while the other elmids from the Little River drainage are associated with submerged wood. The number of
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D2EFFA8376A529BFE574D6962C2" box="[151,324,486,507]" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Stenelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="726" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B938EABFFFA8376A529BFE574CD962C2" box="[151,244,486,507]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="726">Stenelmis</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
present poses the potential for resource and habitat partitioning in the Little River. While elmids may not always be the best descriptor of water quality (White and Roughley 2008), the inclusion of this new species along with endemic stoneflies and generally high diversity helps to illustrate that the Little River drainage continues to have excellent water quality and a variety of productive habitats.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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