treatments-xml/data/03/E5/87/03E587B6FFCEA20AFF11F8AEA698C10E.xml

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<mods:title id="A8AA95844F7A53FC61F55AAAC925EBD1">“ Larger ” Benthic Foraminifera Of The Cenomanian. A Review Of The Identity And The Stratigraphic And Palaeogeographic Distribution Of Non-Fusiform Planispiral (Or Near-Planispiral) Forms</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2DE3ACBC34CE7D44D55B4CB23D816A1A">SIMMONS, MICHAEL</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C77D0DA2549CF24471777223F83D6122">Halliburton, 97 Milton Park, Abingdon, OX 14 4 RW, UK &amp; The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1845C9596261EE8ECA719FDC5F86256A">BIDGOOD, MICHAEL</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="271E84F93B142621B3632CFF2C421157">GSS Geoscience Ltd., 2 Meadows Drive, Oldmeldrum, AB 51 0 GA, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFCEA204FF11F8AEA580C0FA" blockId="23.[151,772,1846,1969]" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FF11F8AEA580C0FA" ID-CoL="823YC" authority="Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc, 1970" authorityName="Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc" authorityYear="1970" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Biplanata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="peneropliformis">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FF11F8AEA580C0FA" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FF11F8AEA489C0DB" bold="true" box="[151,452,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">Biplanata peneropliformis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFCEA204FE50F8AEA580C0FA" author="Hamaoui, M. &amp; Saint-Marc, P." pageId="23" pageNumber="62" pagination="257 - 352" refId="ref83013" refString="Hamaoui, M. &amp; Saint-Marc, P., 1970. Microfaunes et microfacies du Cenomanien du Proche-Orient. Bulletin Centre Recherches, 4 (2): 257 - 352." type="journal article" year="1970">Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc, 1970</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFCEA204FF11F80DA62DC79C" blockId="23.[151,541,2011,2035]" lastBlockId="23.[816,1437,158,1870]" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">
Reference Illustration &amp; Description 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFCEA204FCB6FF48A1CFC7FD" author="Hamaoui, M. &amp; Saint-Marc, P." box="[816,1154,158,182]" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" pagination="257 - 352" refId="ref83013" refString="Hamaoui, M. &amp; Saint-Marc, P., 1970. Microfaunes et microfacies du Cenomanien du Proche-Orient. Bulletin Centre Recherches, 4 (2): 257 - 352." type="journal article" year="1970">Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc (1970)</bibRefCitation>
, Pls. 1-11, 
<figureCitation id="13772A25FFCEA204FA86FF48A00DC7FD" box="[1280,1344,158,182]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,184,2033,2054]" captionTargetBox="[151,771,1806,1991]" captionTargetId="figure-726@5.[151,771,1806,1991]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1 Anonymised snapshot of a figure caption from a 2016 paper (by a major publisher) with four taxa spelled incorrectly." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10834183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10834183/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
, p. 262- 282.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFCEA204FCB6FF36A1E2C637" blockId="23.[816,1437,158,1870]" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">
The description and illustrations of the 
<typeStatus id="54F78802FFCEA204FB5DFF37A05EC7B2" box="[1243,1299,225,249]" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">types</typeStatus>
in the original publication are excellent and comprehensive. See also 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFCEA204FCB6FEF4A6B2C671" author="Saint-Marc, P." box="[816,1023,290,314]" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 342" refId="ref96009" refString="Saint-Marc, P., 1974 a. Etude stratigraphique et micropaleontologique de l'Albien, du Cenomanien et du Turonien du Liban. Notes et Memoires sur le Moyen- Orient, XIII, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, pp. 1 - 342." type="book chapter" year="1974">Saint-Marc (1974a</bibRefCitation>
: plate 5) although some images are duplicated. See the Species Key Chart (Appendix) for diagnostic and other characteristics.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFCEA204FCB6FE53A1C6C5ED" blockId="23.[816,1437,158,1870]" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FCB6FE53A6D4C6D6" authorityName="Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc" authorityYear="1970" box="[816,921,389,413]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Biplanata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FCB6FE53A6D4C6D6" box="[816,921,389,413]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">Biplanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses an internal plate centrally located within each chamber, which serves to distinguish from similar planispiral forms such as 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FB1BFE1FA193C6AB" authorityName="Cuvillier &amp; Szakall" authorityYear="1949" box="[1181,1246,457,480]" class="Globothalamea" family="Mayncinidae" genus="Daxia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FB1BFE1FA193C6AB" box="[1181,1246,457,480]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">Daxia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FB6BFE1FA01AC6AB" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1965" box="[1261,1367,457,480]" class="Globothalamea" family="Mayncinidae" genus="Mayncina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FB6BFE1FA01AC6AB" box="[1261,1367,457,480]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">Mayncina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FAEEFE1EA63DC54A" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1965" class="Globothalamea" family="Charentiidae" genus="Charentia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FAEEFE1EA63DC54A" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">Charentia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FC2BFE3FA198C54A" box="[941,1237,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FC2BFE3FA180C54A" baseAuthorityName="Said &amp; Kenawy" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[941,1229,489,513]" class="Globothalamea" family="Biokovinidae" genus="Neodubrovnikella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="turonica">Neodubrovnikella turonica</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Superficially similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FCFDFDDDA10CC569" authorityName="sensu Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc" authorityYear="1970" box="[891,1089,522,546]" class="Globothalamea" family="Mayncinidae" genus="Biconcava" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="bentori">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FCFDFDDDA10CC569" box="[891,1089,522,546]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">Biconcava bentori</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FBD7FDDDA056C569" authorityName="Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc" authorityYear="1970" box="[1105,1307,522,546]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Biplanata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="peneropliformis">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FBD7FDDDA056C569" box="[1105,1307,522,546]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">B. peneropliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a more flattened, disc-like test, has faster-growing chambers and lacks the V-shaped chamber cross section of the former. Externally it is a virtually complete homeomorph of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FCB6FD58A6E5C5ED" box="[816,936,654,678]" class="Globothalamea" family="Cyclamminidae" genus="Choffatella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FCB6FD58A6E5C5ED" box="[816,936,654,678]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">Choffatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<figureCitation id="13772A25FFCEA204FC67FD58A17FC5ED" box="[993,1074,654,678]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[180,213,1823,1844]" captionTargetBox="[193,1436,901,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-74@24.[180,1447,887,1814]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 13 Representative illustrations of Biplanata peneropliformis: a External equatorial view, Hamaoui &amp; Saint Marc (1970, pl. 5, fig. 3, Israel, holotype); b Oblique equatorial section, Saint Marc (1974, pl. V, fig. 1, Lebanon); c Axial section, Hamaoui &amp; Saint Marc (1970, pl. 6, fig.2, Lebanon)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10834211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10834211/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">Fig 13a</figureCitation>
herein).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFCEA204FCB6FD79A603C12D" blockId="23.[816,1437,158,1870]" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFCEA204FCB6FD79A10FC58C" author="Whittaker, J. E. &amp; Jones, R. W. &amp; Banner, F. T." box="[816,1090,687,711]" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" refId="ref102083" refString="Whittaker, J. E., Jones, R. W. &amp; Banner, F. T., 1998. Key Mesozoic benthic foraminifera of the Middle East. Natural History Museum, London, 237 pp." type="book" year="1998">Whittaker et al. (1998)</bibRefCitation>
, after re-examining Henson’s 
<typeStatus id="54F78802FFCEA204FCB6FD07A625C5A2" box="[816,872,721,745]" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">types</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FC13FD07A067C5A2" authority="(Henson, 1948)" baseAuthorityName="Henson" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[917,1322,721,745]" class="Globothalamea" family="Cyclolinidae" genus="Mangashtia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="viennoti">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FC13FD07A138C5A2" box="[917,1141,721,745]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">Mangashtia viennoti</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFCEA204FB01FD07A06DC5A2" author="Henson, F. R. S." box="[1159,1312,721,745]" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" refId="ref83829" refString="Henson, F. R. S., 1948. Larger Imperforate Foraminifera of South-Western Asia. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. xi- 127." type="book" year="1948">Henson, 1948</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and comparing them with the description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FB35FD25A036C441" authorityName="Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc" authorityYear="1970" box="[1203,1403,754,778]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Biplanata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="peneropliformis">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FB35FD25A036C441" box="[1203,1403,754,778]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">B. peneropliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFCEA204FCB6FCC5A1C0C460" author="Hamaoui, M. &amp; Saint-Marc, P." box="[816,1165,787,811]" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" pagination="257 - 352" refId="ref83013" refString="Hamaoui, M. &amp; Saint-Marc, P., 1970. Microfaunes et microfacies du Cenomanien du Proche-Orient. Bulletin Centre Recherches, 4 (2): 257 - 352." type="journal article" year="1970">Hamaoui and Saint-Marc (1970)</bibRefCitation>
, suggested that Henson’s specimens were similar and that 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FB3EFCE2A6CFC426" authority="Henson" authorityName="Henson" authorityYear="1948" class="Globothalamea" family="Cyclolinidae" genus="Mangashtia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="viennoti">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FB3EFCE2A0D0C407" box="[1208,1437,820,844]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">Mangashtia viennoti</emphasis>
Henson
</taxonomicName>
was therefore the senior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FACEFC80A6F9C4C5" authorityName="Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc" authorityYear="1970" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Biplanata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="peneropliformis">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FACEFC80A6F9C4C5" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">B. peneropliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In our view (and that of Dr Felix Schlagintweit, pers. comm., 2023) Henson’s material conforms to the concept and (emended) definition of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FA06FC6FA6CBC4BA" authorityName="Henson" authorityYear="1948" class="Globothalamea" family="Cyclolinidae" genus="Mangashtia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="viennoti">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FA06FC6FA6CBC4BA" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">M. viennoti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFCEA204FC3FFC0FA1E0C4BA" author="Fourcade, E. &amp; Mouty, M. &amp; Teherani, K. K." box="[953,1197,985,1009]" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" pagination="179 - 192" refId="ref81350" refString="Fourcade, E., Mouty, M. &amp; Teherani, K. K., 1997. Levantinella nov. gen. and revision of the genus Mangashtia Henson, large foraminifers from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of the Middle-East. Geobios, 30 (2): 179 - 192." type="journal article" year="1997">Fourcade et al. (1997</bibRefCitation>
; see figs. 5-7) much closer than it does to 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FBBFFC2DA045C359" authorityName="Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc" authorityYear="1970" box="[1081,1288,1018,1042]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Biplanata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="peneropliformis">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FBBFFC2DA045C359" box="[1081,1288,1018,1042]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">B. peneropliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FA9BFC2CA0D1C359" authorityName="Henson" authorityYear="1948" box="[1309,1436,1018,1042]" class="Globothalamea" family="Cyclolinidae" genus="Mangashtia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FA9BFC2CA0D1C359" box="[1309,1436,1018,1042]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">Mangashtia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may include a small juvenile planispiral growth phase (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFCEA204FCBEFBEAA694C31F" author="Henson, F. R. S." box="[824,985,1084,1108]" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" refId="ref83829" refString="Henson, F. R. S., 1948. Larger Imperforate Foraminifera of South-Western Asia. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. xi- 127." type="book" year="1948">Henson, 1948</bibRefCitation>
, but not observed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFCEA204FB61FBEAA62AC33E" author="Fourcade, E. &amp; Mouty, M. &amp; Teherani, K. K." pageId="23" pageNumber="62" pagination="179 - 192" refId="ref81350" refString="Fourcade, E., Mouty, M. &amp; Teherani, K. K., 1997. Levantinella nov. gen. and revision of the genus Mangashtia Henson, large foraminifers from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of the Middle-East. Geobios, 30 (2): 179 - 192." type="journal article" year="1997">Fourcade et al., 1997</bibRefCitation>
) but is primarily annular/cyclic in adult growth. The presence of structures in the centre parts of the chambers give the impression of a two-layered mode of growth which in axial and subaxial sections somewhat resembles the presence of the bisecting dental plate in 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FAABFB34A0DBC3B1" authorityName="Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc" authorityYear="1970" box="[1325,1430,1250,1274]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Biplanata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FAABFB34A0DBC3B1" box="[1325,1430,1250,1274]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">Biplanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FCB6FAD5A6E2C250" authorityName="Henson" authorityYear="1948" box="[816,943,1283,1307]" class="Globothalamea" family="Cyclolinidae" genus="Mangashtia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FCB6FAD5A6E2C250" box="[816,943,1283,1307]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">Mangashtia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
however has many more annular chambers and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FCE6FAF2A684C277" authorityName="Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc" authorityYear="1970" box="[864,969,1316,1340]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Biplanata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FCE6FAF2A684C277" box="[864,969,1316,1340]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">Biplanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is entirely planispiral (and later uncoiled). The periphery of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FC71FA90A18FC216" authorityName="Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc" authorityYear="1970" box="[1015,1218,1349,1373]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Biplanata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="peneropliformis">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FC71FA90A18FC216" box="[1015,1218,1349,1373]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">B. peneropliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also much more angular than that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FB91FAB1A1D9C235" authorityName="Henson" authorityYear="1948" box="[1047,1172,1383,1406]" class="Globothalamea" family="Cyclolinidae" genus="Mangashtia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="viennoti">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FB91FAB1A1D9C235" box="[1047,1172,1383,1406]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">M. viennoti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFCEA204FB23FAB0A0D1C235" author="Fourcade, E. &amp; Mouty, M. &amp; Teherani, K. K." box="[1189,1436,1382,1406]" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" pagination="179 - 192" refId="ref81350" refString="Fourcade, E., Mouty, M. &amp; Teherani, K. K., 1997. Levantinella nov. gen. and revision of the genus Mangashtia Henson, large foraminifers from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of the Middle-East. Geobios, 30 (2): 179 - 192." type="journal article" year="1997">Fourcade et al. (1997)</bibRefCitation>
suggested a clear stratigraphic separation of the occurrence of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FC08FA7CA1B8C28A" authority="(Cenomanian)" baseAuthorityName="Cenomanian" box="[910,1269,1449,1473]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Biplanata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="peneropliformis">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FC08FA7CA11BC28A" box="[910,1110,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">B. peneropliformis</emphasis>
(Cenomanian)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FAAFFA7CA6F0C2A9" authority="(Turonian)" baseAuthorityName="Turonian" class="Globothalamea" family="Cyclolinidae" genus="Mangashtia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="viennoti">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FAAFFA7CA672C2A9" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">M. viennoti</emphasis>
(Turonian)
</taxonomicName>
in their studied section in the Iranian Zagros. Nonetheless, it is possible that some records of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FA06FA3AA6CBC16F" class="Globothalamea" family="Cyclolinidae" genus="Mangashtia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="viennoti">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FA06FA3AA6CBC16F" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">M. viennoti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the literature may be misidentifications that are in fact 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FC24F9F8A127C10E" box="[930,1130,1581,1605]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Biplanata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="peneropliformis">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FC24F9F8A127C10E" box="[930,1130,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">B. peneropliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFCEA204FB28F9FBA0D5C10E" author="Omidvar, M. &amp; Mehrabi, H. &amp; Sajjadi, F." box="[1198,1432,1581,1605]" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" pagination="158 - 177" refId="ref92031" refString="Omidvar, M., Mehrabi, H. &amp; Sajjadi, F., 2014 a. Depositional environment and biostratigraphy of the upper Sarvak Formation in Ahwaz Oilfield (Well No. 63). Sedimentary Facies, 7 (2): 158 - 177." type="journal article" year="2014">Omidvar et al., 2014a</bibRefCitation>
, b).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFCEA204FCB6F9B9A6F4C005" blockId="23.[816,1437,158,1870]" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FCB6F9B9A6D4C1CC" authorityName="Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc" authorityYear="1970" box="[816,921,1647,1671]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Biplanata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FCB6F9B9A6D4C1CC" box="[816,921,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">Biplanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FBC2F9A6A1E7C1CC" authorityName="Ozcan" authorityYear="1994" box="[1092,1194,1648,1671]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Demirina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FBC2F9A6A1E7C1CC" box="[1092,1194,1648,1671]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">Demirina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FB77F9B9A024C1CC" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1965" box="[1265,1385,1647,1671]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FB77F9B9A024C1CC" box="[1265,1385,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">Merlingina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(all three genera are in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FBA1F946A1F8C1E3" authorityName="Hamaoui and Saint-Marc" authorityYear="1970" box="[1063,1205,1680,1704]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="family">Nezzazatidae</taxonomicName>
family) in being flatter throughout and having a fairly uniform axial chamber width throughout the height of the chamber compared with the distinctly wider parts in the middle and upper parts of the chamber height in 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FB00F8C0A1A1C066" authorityName="Ozcan" authorityYear="1994" box="[1158,1260,1814,1837]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Demirina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FB00F8C0A1A1C066" box="[1158,1260,1814,1837]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">Demirina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFCEA204FAA3F8C3A0D0C066" authorityName="Hamaoui" authorityYear="1965" box="[1317,1437,1813,1837]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFCEA204FAA3F8C3A0D0C066" box="[1317,1437,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">Merlingina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
respectively.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356652BFFCEA204FCB6F8AEA62BC0B8" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFCEA204FCB6F8AEA10FC0DB" blockId="23.[816,1090,1912,1936]" box="[816,1090,1912,1936]" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">Stratigraphic Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFCEA204FCB6F86DA62BC0B8" blockId="23.[816,1436,1978,2035]" pageId="23" pageNumber="62">Uppermost early?/middle - late (but not latest?) Cenomanian.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF336628FFC1A20BFE56FC94A1C1C413" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10834209" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10834209" box="[464,1164,834,856]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10834209/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="63" startId="24.[464,497,834,855]" targetBox="[207,1433,156,812]" targetPageId="24" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC1A20BFE56FC94A1C1C413" blockId="24.[464,1164,834,856]" box="[464,1164,834,856]" pageId="24" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC1A20BFE56FC94A758C41C" bold="true" box="[464,533,834,855]" pageId="24" pageNumber="63">Fig. 12</emphasis>
Cenomanian paleogeographic distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC1A20BFC48FC95A1CBC413" baseAuthorityName="Cuvillier &amp; Szakall" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[974,1158,834,856]" class="Globothalamea" family="Mayncinidae" genus="Mayncina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="24" pageNumber="63" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="orbignyi">Mayncina orbignyi</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF336628FFC1A20BFF32F8C9A74FC03B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10834211" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10834211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10834211/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="63" startId="24.[180,213,1823,1844]" targetBox="[193,1436,901,1802]" targetPageId="24" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC1A20BFF32F8C9A74FC03B" blockId="24.[180,1429,1823,1904]" pageId="24" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC1A20BFF32F8C9A5B7C07F" bold="true" box="[180,250,1823,1844]" pageId="24" pageNumber="63">Fig. 13</emphasis>
Representative illustrations of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC1A20BFDA0F8C9A66EC07E" box="[550,803,1823,1845]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Biplanata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="24" pageNumber="63" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="peneropliformis">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC1A20BFDA0F8C9A66EC07E" box="[550,803,1823,1845]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="63">Biplanata peneropliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC1A20BFCB6F8C9A671C07F" bold="true" box="[816,828,1823,1844]" pageId="24" pageNumber="63">a</emphasis>
External equatorial view, Hamaoui &amp; Saint Marc (1970, pl. 5, fig. 3, Israel, holotype); 
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC1A20BFE1BF8EBA4E7C019" bold="true" box="[413,426,1853,1874]" pageId="24" pageNumber="63">b</emphasis>
Oblique equatorial section, Saint Marc (1974, pl. V, fig. 1, Lebanon); 
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC1A20BFBD7F8EBA111C019" bold="true" box="[1105,1116,1853,1874]" pageId="24" pageNumber="63">c</emphasis>
Axial section, Hamaoui &amp; Saint Marc (1970, pl. 6, fig.2, Lebanon).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C356652BFFC0A20AFF11FF48A1F9C5CE" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC0A20AFF11FF48A76EC508" blockId="25.[151,772,158,2068]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">
The genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC0A20AFE8BFF48A43BC7FD" authorityName="Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc" authorityYear="1970" box="[269,374,158,182]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Biplanata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC0A20AFE8BFF48A43BC7FD" box="[269,374,158,182]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Biplanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as 
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC0A20AFE23FF49A777C7FD" box="[421,570,158,182]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">nomen nudem</emphasis>
– no 
<typeStatus id="54F78802FFC0A20AFDFEFF48A7EBC7FD" box="[632,678,158,182]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">type</typeStatus>
species) was first mentioned by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFE15FF69A709C79C" author="Hamaoui, M." box="[403,580,191,215]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref83150" refString="Hamaoui, M., 1965. Biostratigraphy of the Cenomanian type Hazera Formation. Geological Survey of Israel, stratigraphic section no. 2 b, pp. 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1965">Hamaoui (1965)</bibRefCitation>
, based on material found in the Cenomanian Hazera Formation of 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC0A20AFD46FF36A7B3C7B3" box="[704,766,224,248]" name="Israel" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Israel</collectingCountry>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC0A20AFF11FED7A44DC652" authorityName="Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc" authorityYear="1970" box="[151,256,257,281]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Biplanata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC0A20AFF11FED7A44DC652" box="[151,256,257,281]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Biplanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC0A20AFECAFED4A752C652" box="[332,543,257,281]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Biplanata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="peneropliformis">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC0A20AFECAFED4A752C652" box="[332,543,257,281]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">B. peneropliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were subsequently formally described from the Cenomanian (undifferentiated) of the Negev, 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC0A20AFEDFFE95A4DAC610" box="[345,407,323,347]" name="Israel" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Israel</collectingCountry>
, and the late Cenomanian of 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC0A20AFD56FE95A586C637" name="Lebanon" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFF5AFEB2A76AC637" author="Hamaoui, M. &amp; Saint-Marc, P." box="[220,551,356,380]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="257 - 352" refId="ref83013" refString="Hamaoui, M. &amp; Saint-Marc, P., 1970. Microfaunes et microfacies du Cenomanien du Proche-Orient. Bulletin Centre Recherches, 4 (2): 257 - 352." type="journal article" year="1970">Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc, 1970</bibRefCitation>
). It is worth noting that 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFF48FE53A4B4C6D6" author="Arkin, Y. &amp; Hamaoui, M." box="[206,505,389,413]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref72030" refString="Arkin, Y. &amp; Hamaoui, M., 1967. The Judea Group (Upper Cretaceous) in central and southern Israel. Geological Survey of Israel Bulletin, 42, pp. 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1967">Arkin &amp; Hamaoui (1967)</bibRefCitation>
regarded 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC0A20AFDF3FE53A793C6D6" authorityName="Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc" authorityYear="1970" box="[629,734,389,413]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Biplanata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC0A20AFDF3FE53A793C6D6" box="[629,734,389,413]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Biplanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as ranging throughout the Cenomanian of 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC0A20AFDD8FE71A7D1C6F4" box="[606,668,423,447]" name="Israel" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Israel</collectingCountry>
, but this view was not held by Hamaoui (in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFDB2FE1EA45BC54A" author="Schroeder, R. &amp; Neumann, M." pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 161" refId="ref98244" refString="Schroeder, R. &amp; Neumann, M., 1985. Les Grands foraminiferes du Cretace moyen de la region mediterraneenne. Geobios Memoire special, 7: 1 - 161." type="journal article" year="1985">Schroeder &amp; Neumann, 1985</bibRefCitation>
) who described 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC0A20AFE4DFE3CA7D9C54A" box="[459,660,489,513]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Biplanata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="peneropliformis">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC0A20AFE4DFE3CA7D9C54A" box="[459,660,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">B. peneropliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as having a range from the upper part of the early Cenomanian to the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC0A20AFF11FD9AA46BC460" blockId="25.[151,772,158,2068]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">This species is commonly recorded in the literature, but most records are not substantiated by illustration. Similarly, few records are supported by independent age verification, which hinders assessment of stratigraphic range. Overall, records are almost entirely confined to the Cenomanian although skewed towards the middle – late Cenomanian.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC0A20AFF11FCE3A76EC4BA" blockId="25.[151,772,158,2068]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">
Rare younger (e.g., Turonian) records (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFDFBFCE2A580C426" author="Philip, J. &amp; Cherchi, A. &amp; Schroeder, R. &amp; Sigal, J. &amp; Allemann, J." pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="83 - 85" refId="ref93227" refString="Philip, J., Cherchi, A., Schroeder, R., Sigal, J. &amp; Allemann, J., 1978. Les formations a Rudistes du Cretace superieur de Sardaigne. Donnees stratigraphiques et paleobiogeographiques. C. r. somm. Societe Geologique de France, Paris, 2: 83 - 85." type="journal article" year="1978">Philip et al., 1978</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFF5BFC83A4E2C426" author="Arnaud, A. &amp; Berthout &amp; Brunt, L. &amp; Cherchi, A. &amp; Chiocchini, M. &amp; De Castro, P." box="[221,431,853,877]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="383 - 393" refId="ref72126" refString="Arnaud, A., Berthout, Brunt, L., Cherchi, A., Chiocchini, M., De Castro, P. &amp; 9 others, 1981. Tableau de repartition stratigraphique des grands foraminiferes caracteristiques du Cretace Moyen de la region Mediterraneenne. Cretaceous Research, 2: 383 - 393." type="journal article" year="1981">Arnaud et al., 1981</bibRefCitation>
) are not substantiated by plausible illustration. Fragmentary specimens from “Senonian” strata from southern 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC0A20AFE55FC41A749C4E4" box="[467,516,919,943]" name="Italy" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Italy</collectingCountry>
(Luperto- Sinni, 1976) described as 
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC0A20AFEA1FC6FA4B5C49B" box="[295,504,952,976]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC0A20AFEA1FC6FA4B9C49B" box="[295,500,952,976]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Biplanata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="peneropliformis">B. peneropliformis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
cannot be confirmed as these species, and can be discounted.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC0A20AFF11FC2CA415C1E3" blockId="25.[151,772,158,2068]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">
Extension of the range of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC0A20AFE30FC2DA732C359" box="[438,639,1018,1042]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Biplanata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="peneropliformis">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC0A20AFE30FC2DA732C359" box="[438,639,1018,1042]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">B. peneropliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
into (basal) Turonian strata is based on information from 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC0A20AFD23FBCDA64FC378" box="[677,770,1051,1075]" name="Lebanon" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
(e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFF5AFBEAA4E6C31F" author="Saint-Marc, P." box="[220,427,1084,1108]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 342" refId="ref96009" refString="Saint-Marc, P., 1974 a. Etude stratigraphique et micropaleontologique de l'Albien, du Cenomanien et du Turonien du Liban. Notes et Memoires sur le Moyen- Orient, XIII, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, pp. 1 - 342." type="book chapter" year="1974">Saint-Marc, 1974a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFE46FBEAA4B5C31F" author="Saint-Marc, P." box="[448,504,1084,1108]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="111 - 118" refId="ref96132" refString="Saint-Marc, P., 1978. Biostratigraphy of Albian, Cenomanian and Turonian of Lebanon. Annales Mines et Geologie, Tunis, 28: 111 - 118." type="journal article" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
, 1981), and as with a number of other taxa, this age assignment needs review. The species occurs in beds that from associated ammonite data appear to straddle the Cenomanian – Turonian boundary, but the precise stratigraphic position of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC0A20AFD30FB14A456C3B1" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Biplanata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="peneropliformis">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC0A20AFD30FB14A456C3B1" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">B. peneropliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurrences relative to these ammonite occurrences is uncertain. Given this, and the lack of any other substantiated Turonian records, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC0A20AFDBEFAF3A64EC277" box="[568,771,1316,1340]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Biplanata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="peneropliformis">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC0A20AFDBEFAF3A64EC277" box="[568,771,1316,1340]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">B. peneropliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is excluded from the Turonian. This agrees with the (unillustrated) record of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFEF6FAB1A702C235" author="Parente, M. &amp; Frijia, G. &amp; Di Lucia, M. &amp; Jenkyns, H. C. &amp; Woodfine, R. G. &amp; Baroncini, F." box="[368,591,1382,1406]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="715 - 718" refId="ref92728" refString="Parente, M., Frijia, G., Di Lucia, M., Jenkyns, H. C., Woodfine, R. G. &amp; Baroncini, F., 2008. Stepwise extinction of larger foraminifers at the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary: A shallow-water perspective on nutrient fluctuations during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (Bonarelli Event). Geology, 36 (9): 715 - 718." type="journal article" year="2008">Parente et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
who use carbon isotope stratigraphy to suggest 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC0A20AFE7EFA5EA78BC2D4" box="[504,710,1415,1439]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Biplanata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="peneropliformis">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC0A20AFE7EFA5EA78BC2D4" box="[504,710,1415,1439]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">B. peneropliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not extend about the 
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC0A20AFE16FA7FA75FC28A" box="[400,530,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">geslinianum</emphasis>
ammonite zone. See also 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFF4AFA1CA7E5C2A9" author="Schlagintweit, F. &amp; Yazdi-Moghadam, M." box="[204,680,1482,1506]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" refId="ref97579" refString="Schlagintweit, F. &amp; Yazdi-Moghadam, M., 2022 a." type="book" year="2022">Schlagintweit &amp; Yazdi-Moghadam (2022a)</bibRefCitation>
for discussion of Turonian records from 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC0A20AFD9AFA3DA730C148" box="[540,637,1515,1539]" name="Lebanon" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
. A possible illustrated record from the alleged Santonian of the Zagros (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFF4FF9FBA48AC10E" author="Kiarostami, K. &amp; Baghbani, D. &amp; Aleali, S. M. &amp; Aghanabati, S. A. &amp; Parandavar, M." box="[201,455,1581,1605]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="155 - 164" refId="ref86516" refString="Kiarostami, K., Baghbani, D., Aleali, S. M., Aghanabati, S. A. &amp; Parandavar, M., 2019. Investigation of lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic of the Sarvak Formation at type section. Geosciences, 29 (113): 155 - 164." type="journal article" year="2019">Kiarostami et al., 2019</bibRefCitation>
) must be a drafting error as the section contains 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC0A20AFEFCF998A79EC12D" authority="Marie" authorityName="Marie" authorityYear="1954" box="[378,723,1614,1638]" class="Globothalamea" family="Coskinolinidae" genus="Pseudolituonella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="reicheli">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC0A20AFEFCF998A7C4C12D" box="[378,649,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Pseudolituonella reicheli</emphasis>
Marie
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC0A20AFF11F9B9A4B4C1CC" authority="d'Orbigny" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1839" box="[151,505,1647,1671]" class="Globothalamea" family="Chrysalidinidae" genus="Chrysalidina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Textulariida" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="gradata">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC0A20AFF11F9B9A4CDC1CC" box="[151,384,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Chrysalidina gradata</emphasis>
d’Orbigny
</taxonomicName>
amongst other typically Cenomanian taxa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC0A20AFF11F967A1F9C5CE" blockId="25.[151,772,158,2068]" lastBlockId="25.[816,1437,158,645]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">
The oldest records of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC0A20AFE0FF964A71EC182" box="[393,595,1713,1737]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Biplanata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="peneropliformis">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC0A20AFE0FF964A71EC182" box="[393,595,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">B. peneropliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are poorly constrained by independent age calibration, but the plausible illustrated records from 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC0A20AFE26F922A4AEC047" box="[416,483,1780,1804]" name="Serbia" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Serbia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFE73F922A7EAC040" author="Radoicic, R." box="[501,679,1780,1804]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="127 - 141" refId="ref93957" refString="Radoicic, R., 1974 a. Microfossil assemblage in Upper Cretaceous sediments of Crnoljevo and Drenica with paleogeography of the area. Glas SANU, 289 (36): 127 - 141." type="journal article" year="1974">Radoičić, 1974a</bibRefCitation>
); southern 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC0A20AFF46F8C3A440C066" box="[192,269,1813,1837]" name="Turkey" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Turkey</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFE9DF8C3A483C066" author="Tasli, K. &amp; Ozer, E. &amp; Koc, H." box="[283,462,1813,1837]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="521 - 533" refId="ref100610" refString="Tasli, K., Ozer, E. &amp; Koc, H., 2006. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages of the Cretaceous platform carbonate succession in the Yavca area (Bolkar Mountains, S Turkey): biostratigraphy and paleoenvironments. Geobios, 39: 521 - 533." type="journal article" year="2006">Tasli et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFE5BF8C3A732C066" author="Sari, B. &amp; Tasli, K. &amp; Ozer, S." box="[477,639,1813,1837]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="393 - 425" refId="ref96523" refString="Sari, B., Tasli, K. &amp; Ozer, S., 2009. Benthonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous (Middle Cenomanian-Coniacian) Sequences of the Bey Daglari Carbonate Platform, Western Taurides, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 18: 393 - 425." type="journal article" year="2009">Sari et al, 2009</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFD0BF8C3A7B6C066" author="Koc, H." box="[653,763,1813,1837]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" refId="ref86733" refString="Koc, H., 2017. Lithostratigraphy and depositional environments of the Upper Cretaceous deposits in the central Taurides (S. Turkey). Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 10, https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12517 - 017 - 3294 - 4" type="book" year="2017">Koç, 2017</bibRefCitation>
; Solak et al., 2020; Solak, 2021; and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFDC8F8E0A597C024" author="Simmons, M. D. &amp; Vicedo, V. &amp; Yilmaz, I. O. &amp; Hosgor, I. &amp; Mulayim, O. &amp; Sari, B." pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="203 - 232" refId="ref99307" refString="Simmons, M. D., Vicedo, V., Yilmaz, I. O., Hosgor, I., Mulayim, O. &amp; Sari, B., 2020 b. Micropalaeontology, biostratigraphy, and depositional setting of the mid-Cretaceous Derdere Formation at Derik, Mardin, south-eastern Turkey. Journal of Micropalaeontology, 39 (2): 203 - 232." type="journal article" year="2020">Simmons et al., 2020b</bibRefCitation>
), the Iranian Zagros (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFE50F881A728C024" author="Sampo, M." box="[470,613,1879,1903]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" refId="ref96442" refString="Sampo, M., 1969. Microfacies and Microfossils of Zagros Area, Southwestern Iran. E. J. Brill. 102 pp." type="book" year="1969">Sampò, 1969</bibRefCitation>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC0A20AFD11F88EA5F5C0DB" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Nezzazata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC0A20AFD11F88EA64EC024" box="[663,771,1880,1903]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Nezzazata</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFF53F8AEA4A5C0DB" author="Ezampanah, Y. &amp; Monsef, R. &amp; Ahmadi, V." box="[213,488,1912,1936]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="105 - 121" refId="ref80791" refString="Ezampanah, Y., Monsef, R. &amp; Ahmadi, V., 2020. Microfacies, sedimentary environment, and biostratigraphy of the Gurpi Formation by means of foraminifera in the Fars area (Zagros Basin). Applied Sedimentology, 8 (16): 105 - 121." type="journal article" year="2020">Ezampanah et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFE79F8AEA7B1C0DB" author="Mohajer, M. D. &amp; Afghah, M. &amp; Dehghanian, M. &amp; Zakariaii, S. J. S." box="[511,764,1912,1936]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="1647 - 1667" refId="ref90286" refString="Mohajer, M. D., Afghah, M., Dehghanian, M., &amp; Zakariaii, S. J. S., 2021 a. Biostratigraphy, Microfacies and Depositional Environment of the Sarvak Formation at Pyun Anticline (Zagros Basin, Southwest of Iran). Acta Geologica Sinica, 95 (5): 1647 - 1667." type="journal article" year="2021">Mohajer et al., 2021a</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFF11F84FA726C0FA" author="Schlagintweit, F. &amp; Yazdi-Moghadam, M." box="[151,619,1945,1969]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" refId="ref97579" refString="Schlagintweit, F. &amp; Yazdi-Moghadam, M., 2022 a." type="book" year="2022">Schlagintweit &amp; Yazdi-Moghadam, 2022a</bibRefCitation>
; plus numerous unverified records (e.g., Afghah et al., 2014; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFF11F80DA43BC0B8" author="Mehmandsoti, E. A. &amp; Asadi, A. &amp; Daneshian, J. &amp; Woods, A. D. &amp; Loyd, S. J." box="[151,374,2011,2035]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" refId="ref89212" refString="Mehmandsoti, E. A., Asadi, A., Daneshian, J., Woods, A. D. &amp; Loyd, S. J., 2021. Evidence of Mid-Cretaceous carbon cycle perturbations and OAE 2 recorded in Cenomanian to middle Campanian carbonates of the Zagros fold - thrust belt basin, Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 218, https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jseaes. 2021.104863" type="book" year="2021">Mehmandsoti, 2021</bibRefCitation>
); central 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC0A20AFE69F80DA76DC0B8" box="[495,544,2011,2035]" name="Italy" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFDBEF80DA580CF5F" author="Chiocchini, M. &amp; Pampaloni, M. L. &amp; Pichezzi, R. M." pageId="25" pageNumber="64" refId="ref77109" refString="Chiocchini, M., Pampaloni, M. L., &amp; Pichezzi, R. M., 2012. Microfacies e microfossili delle successioni carbonatiche mesozoiche del Lazio e dell &quot; Abruzzo (Italia centrale) - Cretacico. Memorie per servire alla descrizione della Carta Geologica d'Italia. ISPRA, Servizio Geologico d'Italia, Dipartimento Difesa del Suolo, Rome." type="book" year="2012">Chiocchini et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
– see also 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFEC4F82AA484CF5F" author="Foglia, C." box="[322,457,2044,2068]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="39 - 55" refId="ref81219" refString="Foglia, C., 1992. Correlazioni microbiostratigrafiche tra Alcune successioni Cretaceo-Paleogeniche del Massiccio del Pollina (confine Calabro-Lucano). Studi Geologici Camerti, XII: 39 - 55." type="journal article" year="1992">Foglia, 1992</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFE51F82AA7DDCF5F" author="Bravi, S. &amp; Civile, D. &amp; Martino, C. &amp; Putigano, M. L." box="[471,656,2044,2068]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="105 - 116" refId="ref75282" refString="Bravi, S., Civile, D., Martino, C. &amp; Putigano, M. L., 2006. Interference pattern in the Mesozoic carbonates of Mt. Fellino Ridge, Campania Apennines, Italy. Bollettino della Societa Geologica Italiana, 125: 105 - 116." type="journal article" year="2006">Bravi et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
; Borghi &amp; Pignatti, 2006; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFC64FF48A18BC7FD" author="Parente, M. &amp; Frijia, G. &amp; Di Lucia, M." box="[994,1222,158,182]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="609 - 620" refId="ref92579" refString="Parente, M., Frijia, G. &amp; Di Lucia, M., 2007. Carbon-isotope stratigraphy of Cenomanian - Turonian platform carbonates from the southern Apennines (Italy): a chemostratigraphic approach to the problem of correlation between shallow-water and deep-water successions. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 164: 609 - 620." type="journal article" year="2007">Parente et al., 2007</bibRefCitation>
, 2008; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFAA7FF48A63FC79C" author="Chiocchini, M." pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="171 - 202" refId="ref76776" refString="Chiocchini, M., 2008 a. New benthic foraminifers (Miliolacea and Soritacea) from the Cenomanian and Upper Turonian of the Monte Cairo (Southern Latium, Central Italy). Memorie Descrittive della Carta Geologica d'Italia, 84: 171 - 202." type="journal article" year="2008">Chiocchini, 2008a</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFC2CFF69A132C79C" author="Simone, L. &amp; Bravi, S. &amp; Carannante, G. &amp; Masucci, I. &amp; Pomoni-Papaioannou, F." box="[938,1151,191,215]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="6 - 23" refId="ref99377" refString="Simone, L., Bravi, S., Carannante, G., Masucci, I. &amp; Pomoni-Papaioannou, F., 2012. Arid versus wet climatic evidence in the &quot; middle Cretaceous &quot; calcareous successions of the Southern Apennines (Italy). Cretaceous Research, 36: 6 - 23." type="journal article" year="2012">Simone et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
for unillustrated records); and Albania-Kosovo (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFBA3FF36A0D9C7B3" author="Consorti, L. &amp; Schlagintweit, F." box="[1061,1428,224,248]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" refId="ref77469" refString="Consorti, L. &amp; Schlagintweit, F., 2021 a. A new Vandenbroeckia Marie, 1958 (Peneroplidae) adds further data on the survival of shallow-water benthic Foraminifera through the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary. Cretaceous Research, 126, https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2021.104910" type="book" year="2021">Consorti &amp; Schlagintweit, 2021a</bibRefCitation>
) are mostly middle – late Cenomanian based on associated microfauna, with only possible extension into the early Cenomanian (the upper part) for some. Other plausible records such as those from 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC0A20AFBD2FEB2A1D2C637" box="[1108,1183,356,380]" name="Greece" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Greece</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFB28FEB2A07AC637" author="Fleury, J. - J." box="[1198,1335,356,380]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="181 - 194" refId="ref81053" refString="Fleury, J. - J., 1971. Le Cenomanien a foraminiferes benthoniques du Massif du Varassova (zone de Gavrovo, Akarnanie, Grece continentale). Revue de Micropaleontologie, 14 (3): 181 - 194." type="journal article" year="1971">Fleury, 1971</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC0A20AFAC8FEB2A0D1C637" box="[1358,1436,356,380]" name="Croatia" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Croatia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFCBEFE53A10DC6D6" author="Velic, I. &amp; Vlahovic, I." box="[824,1088,389,413]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="25 - 43" refId="ref101422" refString="Velic, I. &amp; Vlahovic, I., 1994. Foraminiferal assemblages in the Cenomanian of the Buzet-Savudrija area (northwestern Istria, Croatia). Geologia Croatica, 47 (1): 25 - 43." type="journal article" year="1994">Velić &amp; Vlahović, 1994</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC0A20AFBDEFE53A1DDC6D6" box="[1112,1168,389,413]" name="Syria" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Syria</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFB26FE53A0D0C6D6" author="Ghanem, H. &amp; Kuss, J." box="[1184,1437,389,413]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="85 - 132" refId="ref82188" refString="Ghanem, H. &amp; Kuss, J., 2013. Stratigraphic control of the Aptian - Early Turonian sequences of the Levant Platform, Coastal Range, northwest Syria. GeoArabia, 18 (4): 85 - 132." type="journal article" year="2013">Ghanem &amp; Kuss, 2013</bibRefCitation>
– but not figure 14/40 which might be more compatible with 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC0A20AFCEDFE1EA107C6AB" authorityName="Hamaoui 1965 emend. Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc" authorityYear="1970" box="[875,1098,456,480]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Merlingina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cretacea">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC0A20AFCEDFE1EA107C6AB" box="[875,1098,456,480]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Merlingina cretacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC0A20AFB16FE1EA19DC6AB" box="[1168,1232,456,480]" name="Egypt" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Egypt</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFB64FE1EA628C54A" author="Shahin, A. &amp; Elbaz, S." pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="249 - 283" refId="ref98465" refString="Shahin, A. &amp; Elbaz, S., 2013. Foraminiferal biostratigraphy, paleoenvironment and paleobiogeography of Cenomanian - Lower Turonian shallow marine carbonate platform in west central Sinai, Egypt. Micropaleontology, 59 (2 - 3): 249 - 283." type="journal article" year="2013">Shahin &amp; Elbaz, 2013</bibRefCitation>
), are in keeping with this stratigraphic range assessment. Records that show 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D23FFC0A20AFBF0FDDDA00CC569" box="[1142,1345,522,546]" class="Globothalamea" family="Nezzazatidae" genus="Biplanata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="peneropliformis">
<emphasis id="B938EAB2FFC0A20AFBF0FDDDA00CC569" box="[1142,1345,522,546]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">B. peneropliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ranging throughout the Cenomanian (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFB3AFDFDA072C508" author="Velic, I." box="[1212,1343,555,579]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 113" refId="ref101499" refString="Velic, I., 2007. Stratigraphy and Palaeobiogeography of Mesozoic Benthic Foraminifera of the Karst Dinarides (SE Europe). Geologia Croatica, 60 (1): 1 - 113." type="journal article" year="2007">Velić, 2007</bibRefCitation>
for the Dinarides (see also 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFB8EFD9AA1A8C52F" author="Husinec, A. &amp; Velic, I. &amp; Fucek, L. &amp; Vlahovic, I. &amp; Maticec, D. &amp; Ostric, N. &amp; Korbar, T." box="[1032,1253,588,612]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="155 - 171" refId="ref84655" refString="Husinec, A., Velic, I., Fucek, L., Vlahovic, I., Maticec, D., Ostric, N. &amp; Korbar, T., 2000. Mid Cretaceous orbitolinid (Foraminiferida) record from the islands of Cres and Losinj (Croatia) and its regional stratigraphic correlation. Cretaceous Research, 21: 155 - 171." type="journal article" year="2000">Husinec et al., 2000</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFB77FD9AA06BC52F" author="Husinec, A. &amp; Velic, I. &amp; Sokac, B." box="[1265,1318,588,612]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="153 - 170" refId="ref84724" refString="Husinec, A., Velic, I. &amp; Sokac, B., 2009. Diversity patterns in Mid-Cretaceous benthic foraminifers and Dasycladacean algae of the southern part of the Mesozoic Adriatic Platform, Croatia. Geologic Problem Solving with Microfossils, SEPM Special Publication, 93: 153 - 170." type="journal article" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
)) are typically unsubstantiated by illustration.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356652BFFC0A20AFCB6FD79A160C441" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC0A20AFCB6FD79A1BAC58C" blockId="25.[816,1271,687,711]" box="[816,1271,687,711]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Cenomanian Paleogeographic Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC0A20AFCB6FD24A160C441" blockId="25.[816,1437,754,1605]" box="[816,1069,754,778]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Caribbean – Neotethys.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C356652BFFC0A20AFCB6FCC5A698C10E" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC0A20AFCB6FCC5A63BC359" blockId="25.[816,1437,754,1605]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">
In addition to the records mentioned above, a key reference that extends the palaeogeographic range of this species is 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFC00FC80A13DC426" author="Bomou, B. &amp; Adatte, T. &amp; Arnaud-Vanneau, A." box="[902,1136,853,877]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="105 - 136" refId="ref74859" refString="Bomou, B., Adatte, T. &amp; Arnaud-Vanneau, A., 2019. Guerrero-Morelos carbonate platform response to the Caribbean-Colombian Cretaceous large igneous province during Cenomanian-Turonian oceanic anoxic event 2. In: Adatte, T., Bond, D. P. G. &amp; Keller, G. (eds.) Mass Extinctions, Volcanism and Impact: New Developments. Geological Society of America special paper, 44: 105 - 136." type="journal article" year="2019">Bomou et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
who illustrate the species from the late Cenomanian of 
<collectingRegion id="4988F842FFC0A20AFBF2FCA0A18BC4C5" box="[1140,1222,886,910]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Mexico</collectingRegion>
(see also no or uncertain illustration by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFBA1FC41A043C4E4" author="Michaud, F. &amp; Fourcade, E. &amp; Gutierrez-Coutino, R." box="[1063,1294,919,943]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="33 - 39" refId="ref89544" refString="Michaud, F., Fourcade, E. &amp; Gutierrez-Coutino, R., 1984. Pseudorhapydionina chiapanensis nov. sp. nouveau foraminifere du Cenomanien du Mexique. Geobios, 17 (1): 33 - 39." type="journal article" year="1984">Michaud et al., 1984</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFAA6FC41A161C49B" author="Hernandez-Romano, U. &amp; Aguilera-Franco, N. &amp; Medrano, M. &amp; Barcelo-Duarte, J." pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="661 - 686" refId="ref83861" refString="Hernandez-Romano, U., Aguilera-Franco, N., Martinez- Medrano, M. &amp; Barcelo-Duarte, J., 1997. Guerrero-Morelos Platform drowning at the Cenomanian - Turonian boundary, Huitziltepec area, Guerrero State, southern Mexico. Cretaceous Research, 18: 661 - 686." type="journal article" year="1997">Hernández-Romano et al., 1997</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFBC3FC6EA0D5C49B" author="Aguilera-Franco, N. &amp; Hernandez-Romano, U. &amp; Allison, P. A." box="[1093,1432,952,976]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="237 - 255" refId="ref70732" refString="Aguilera-Franco, N., Hernandez-Romano, U. &amp; Allison, P. A., 2001. Biostratigraphy and environmental changes across the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary, southern Mexico. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 14: 237 - 255." type="journal article" year="2001">Aguilera-Franco et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFCB6FC0FA164C4BA" author="Aguilera-Franco, N." box="[816,1065,985,1009]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="202 - 222" refId="ref70692" refString="Aguilera-Franco, N., 2003. Cenomanian - Coniacian zonation (foraminifers and calcareous algae) in the Guerrero-Morelos basin, southern Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geologicas, 20 (3): 202 - 222." type="journal article" year="2003">Aguilera-Franco, 2003</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFBEFFC0FA628C359" author="Aguilera-Franco, N. &amp; Allison, P." pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="25 - 50" refId="ref70580" refString="Aguilera-Franco, N. &amp; Allison, P., 2004. Events of the Cenomanian-Turonian succession, southern Mexico. Journal of Iberian Geology, 31: 25 - 50." type="journal article" year="2004">Aguilera-Franco &amp; Allison, 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336A0FFC0A20AFCB6FBCDA698C10E" blockId="25.[816,1437,754,1605]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">
There are numerous records with either no or questionable illustration that could, if proven by new data, further demonstrate the geographic distribution of this species and extend it much more widely. These records (west to east) include; 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC0A20AFC4FFB76A167C3FC" box="[969,1066,1184,1207]" name="Morocco" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Morocco</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFBBEFB76A1AAC3F3" author="Ettachfini, E. M." box="[1080,1255,1184,1208]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" refId="ref80614" refString="Ettachfini, E. M., 2006. La transgression au passage du Cenomanien au Turonien sur le domaine Atlasique Marocain; stratigraphie integree et relations avec l'evenement oceanique global. Unpublished PhD thesis, University Chouaib Doukkali." type="book" year="2006">Ettachfini, 2006</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFB71FB76A628C392" author="Piuz, A. &amp; Meister, C." pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="81 - 97" refId="ref93458" refString="Piuz, A. &amp; Meister, C., 2013. Cenomanian rotaliids (Foraminiferida) from Oman and Morocco. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, 132: 81 - 97." type="journal article" year="2013">Piuz &amp; Meister 2013</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC0A20AFC03FB17A68BC392" box="[901,966,1217,1241]" name="Georgia" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Iberia</collectingCountry>
, including 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC0A20AFBCAFB17A1C5C392" box="[1100,1160,1217,1241]" name="Spain" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Spain</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC0A20AFB4BFB17A06AC392" box="[1229,1319,1217,1241]" name="Portugal" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Portugal</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFABBFB17A63EC3B1" author="Berthou, P-Y." pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="99 - 120" refId="ref74115" refString="Berthou, P-Y., 1984 b. Resume synthetique de la stratigraphie et de la paleogeographie du Cretace moyen et superieur du bassin occidental portugais. Revista da Associacao Portuguesa de Geologos (Geovovas), 7: 99 - 120." type="journal article" year="1984">Berthou, 1984b</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFC01FB34A123C3B1" author="Calonge, A. &amp; Caus, E. &amp; Lopez-Carrillo, D." box="[903,1134,1250,1274]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" refId="ref76040" refString="Calonge, A., Caus, E. &amp; Lopez-Carrillo, D., 2003, Biostratigraphy of the shallow-water Cenomanian deposits from the Iberian Ranges (Spain). AAPG Search and Discovery Article # 90017." type="book" year="2003">Calonge et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFB04FB34A04AC3B1" author="Grafe, K-U." box="[1154,1287,1250,1274]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="277 - 298" refId="ref82636" refString="Grafe, K-U., 2005. Late Cretaceous benthic foraminifers from the Basque-Cantabrian Basin, Northern Spain Journal of Iberian Geology, 31 (2): 277 - 298." type="journal article" year="2005">Gräfe, 2005</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFA9DFB34A62BC250" author="Caus, E. &amp; Bernaus, J. M. &amp; Calonge, E. &amp; Martin-Chivelet, M." pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="172 - 181" refId="ref76249" refString="Caus, E., Bernaus, J. M., Calonge, E. &amp; Martin-Chivelet, M., 2009. Mid-Cenomanian separation of Atlantic and Tethyan domains in Iberia by a land-bridge: The origin of larger foraminifera provinces? Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 283 (3 - 4): 172 - 181." type="journal article" year="2009">Caus et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFCF0FAD5A10BC250" author="Vicedo, V. &amp; Calonge, A. &amp; Caus, E." box="[886,1094,1283,1307]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="41 - 52" refId="ref101721" refString="Vicedo, V., Calonge, A. &amp; Caus, E., 2011. Cenomanian Rhapydioninids (Foraminiferida): architecture of the shell and stratigraphy. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 41 (1): 41 - 52." type="journal article" year="2011">Vicedo et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFBD0FAD5A00CC250" author="Consorti, L. &amp; Calonge, A. &amp; Caus, E." box="[1110,1345,1283,1307]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="271 - 282" refId="ref77668" refString="Consorti, L., Calonge, A. &amp; Caus, E., 2016 b. Pseudorhapydionininae of the Iberian Ranges (Cenomani- an, Iberian Peninsula). Spanish Journal of Palaeontology, 31 (2): 271 - 282." type="journal article" year="2016">Consorti et al., 2016b</bibRefCitation>
), southern 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC0A20AFCDCFAF3A6EFC277" box="[858,930,1317,1340]" name="France" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">France</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFC36FAF2A181C277" author="Deloffre, R. &amp; Hamaoui, M." box="[944,1228,1316,1340]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="37 - 61" refId="ref79450" refString="Deloffre, R. &amp; Hamaoui, M., 1979. Decouverte de Pseudedomia (foraminifere) en Aquitaine. Bulletin des Centres de Recherches Exploration - Production Elf-Aquitaine, 3 (1): 37 - 61." type="journal article" year="1979">Deloffre &amp; Hamaoui 1979</bibRefCitation>
); 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC0A20AFB62FAF3A07AC277" box="[1252,1335,1317,1340]" name="Kosovo" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Kosovo</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFAC3FAF2A104C216" author="Consorti, L. &amp; Schlagintweit, F." pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="515 - 517" refId="ref77525" refString="Consorti, L. &amp; Schlagintweit, F., 2021 b. Taxonomic reassessment of four larger benthic Foraminifera (soritoids and orbitolinids) described from the Lower to mid-Cretaceous shallow-water carbonates of Iraq. Micropaleontology, 67 (5): 515 - 517." type="journal article" year="2021">Consorti &amp; Schlagintweit, 2021b</bibRefCitation>
); 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC0A20AFBE5FA93A1ECC216" box="[1123,1185,1349,1373]" name="Libya" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Libya</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFB36FA93A0C1C216" author="Dufaure, P. &amp; Fourcade, E. &amp; Massa, B." box="[1200,1420,1349,1373]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="665 - 670" refId="ref79818" refString="Dufaure, P., Fourcade, E. &amp; Massa, B., 1984. Reality of Trans-Saharan marine communications between the Tethys and the Atlantic during Upper Cretaceous times. Comptes rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, 298 (15): 665 - 670." type="journal article" year="1984">Dufaure et al., 1984</bibRefCitation>
); 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC0A20AFCB6FAB0A6C0C235" box="[816,909,1382,1406]" name="Slovenia" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFC1AFAB0A170C235" author="Jez, J. &amp; Otonicar, B. &amp; Fucek, L. &amp; Ogorelec, B." box="[924,1085,1382,1406]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="447 - 468" refId="ref85395" refString="Jez, J., Otonicar, B., Fucek, L. &amp; Ogorelec, B., 2011. Late Cretaceous sedimentary evolution of a northern sector of the Adriatic Carbonate Platform (Matarsko Podolje, SW Slovenia). Facies, 57: 447 - 468." type="journal article" year="2011">Jež et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
); 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC0A20AFBD3FAB0A1EDC235" box="[1109,1184,1382,1406]" name="Greece" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Greece</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFB28FAB0A018C235" author="Decrouez, D." box="[1198,1365,1382,1406]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="521 - 523" refId="ref79218" refString="Decrouez, D., 1976. Position stratigraphique de Pseudolituonella? guerneti nov. sp. en Eubee (Grece). Geobios, 9 (4): 521 - 523." type="journal article" year="1976">Decrouez 1976</bibRefCitation>
, 1978; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFCB6FA51A102C2D4" author="Tsaila-Monopolis, S." box="[816,1103,1415,1439]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref101018" refString="Tsaila-Monopolis, S., 1977. Micropaleontological and stratigraphical study of the Tripolitza (Gavrovo) zone in the Peloponnesus. National Institute for Research and Development in Geology, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Remote Sensing, 20 (1): 1 - 106. [in Greek]" type="journal article" year="1977">Tsaila-Monopolis, 1977</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFBF3FA51A055C2D4" author="Fleury, J. - J." box="[1141,1304,1415,1439]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="479 - 651" refId="ref81096" refString="Fleury, J. - J., 1980. Les zones de Gavrovo-Tripolitza et de Pinde-Olonos (Grece continentale et Peloponnese du Nord); Evolution d'une plate- forme et d'un basin dans leur cadre alpin. Societe Geologique du Nord, 4: 479 - 651." type="journal article" year="1980">Fleury, 1980</bibRefCitation>
; Pomoni-Papaaioannou &amp; Zambetakis-Lekkas, 2009); 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC0A20AFAA6FA7FA02AC28A" box="[1312,1383,1449,1473]" name="Jordan" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Jordan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFAFEFA7FA148C2A9" author="Al-Rifaiy, I. A. &amp; Cherif, O. H. &amp; El-Bakri, B. A." pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="343 - 357" refId="ref71238" refString="Al-Rifaiy, I. A., Cherif, O. H. &amp; El-Bakri, B. A., 1994. Upper Cretaceous foraminiferal biostratigraphy and paleobathymetry of the Al-Baqa area, north of Amman (Jordan). Journal of African Earth Sciences, 17 (3): 343 - 357." type="journal article" year="1994">Al-Rifaiy et al., 1994</bibRefCitation>
; Schulze, 2003 and Schulze et al., 2004), southern 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC0A20AFC66FA3DA146C149" box="[992,1035,1515,1538]" name="Iraq" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Iraq</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFB9FFA3DA05BC148" author="Bernaus, J. M. &amp; Masse, P." box="[1049,1302,1515,1539]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="471 - 476" refId="ref73827" refString="Bernaus, J. M. &amp; Masse, P., 2007. Carinoconus iraqiensis (Foraminifera), a new orbitolinid from the Cenomani- an Mishrif Formation of the oil fields of southeastern Iraq. Micropaleontology, 52 (5): 471 - 476." type="journal article" year="2007">Bernaus &amp; Masse 2007</bibRefCitation>
); and 
<collectingCountry id="F35B7630FFC0A20AFADAFA3DA0D0C148" box="[1372,1437,1515,1539]" name="Oman" pageId="25" pageNumber="64">Oman</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFCBEF9DAA6B5C16F" author="Smith, A. B. &amp; Simmons, M. D. &amp; Racey, A." box="[824,1016,1548,1572]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="29 - 69" refId="ref99697" refString="Smith, A. B., Simmons, M. D. &amp; Racey, A., 1990. Cenomanian echinoids, larger foraminifera and calcareous algae from the Natih Formation, central Oman Mountains. Cretaceous Research, 11: 29 - 69." type="journal article" year="1990">Smith et al., 1990</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFB80F9DAA07CC16F" author="Kennedy, W. J. &amp; Simmons, M. D." box="[1030,1329,1548,1572]" pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="127 - 154" refId="ref86200" refString="Kennedy, W. J. &amp; Simmons, M. D., 1991. Mid-Cretaceous ammonites and associated microfossils from the Central Oman Mountains. Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 25 (3): 127 - 154." type="journal article" year="1991">Kennedy &amp; Simmons, 1991</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B51FFC0A20AFAC6F9DAA688C10E" author="Piuz, A. &amp; Meister, C." pageId="25" pageNumber="64" pagination="81 - 97" refId="ref93458" refString="Piuz, A. &amp; Meister, C., 2013. Cenomanian rotaliids (Foraminiferida) from Oman and Morocco. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, 132: 81 - 97." type="journal article" year="2013">Piuz and Meister, 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>