349 lines
41 KiB
XML
349 lines
41 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C06B21D878BEA6EDF75F2E53BFA55D4F">Multi-character taxonomic review, systematics, and biogeography of the Blackcapped / Tawny-bellied Screech Owl (Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii) complex (Aves: Strigidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DAFB6ED9CA53764CF4A2B6D50B9E4077">Dantas, Sidnei M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7798B65E09676662055243AB587DAF82">Zoology Graduate Program, Universidade Federal do Pará / Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belém-PA, Brazil. smdantas @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2281 - 0819 & Department of Zoology, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém-PA, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B8BA2A8EBA8855F2A0B3C49CC32D4FC4" type="email">smdantas@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="8EE9EDC6012793C3808DF2BB897D46B1">Weckstein, Jason D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="80DD1297B24268991FF2F1A1BEF0CD36">Department of Ornithology, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA, USA 19096. tac 327 @ drexel. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3850 - 1196 & Department of Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Drexel University, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA, USA 19096. jason. d. weckstein @ drexel. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7941 - 5724</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CEAA2BE24F2A184C6EDA6A3FEF7EB447" type="email">tac327@drexel.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="452E0385C4C67BBA9A035BEFD1A39F3A">Bates, John</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3628A5C58AC6143C3CA8D20D2F2CE0C4">Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Drive Chicago, IL, USA 60605. jbates @ fieldmuseum. org; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5809 - 5941</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="050867594CB2117B31C62E58FD078754" type="email">jbates@fieldmuseum.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="75204CE47C22A25AE6EB08D40F8A874D">Oliveira, Joiciane N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0F1B9FB4BD87BDD207D4A942BF0AFEF6">Department of Zoology, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém-PA, Brazil. & Graduate Program in Environmental Biology, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança-PA, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8856693031235EF70A9664A0C21CC807">Catanach, Therese A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B7EC621F90680F27111696FA55DB6FEB">Department of Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Drexel University, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA, USA 19096. jason. d. weckstein @ drexel. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7941 - 5724</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="31865BF389057D16AA8DFB1B6638901A" type="email">jason.d.weckstein@drexel.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D794E68F36F5208DC989E103C41D40D3">Aleixo, Alexandre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BCF5C28A0D527B61A09B29DB03FF52A5">Department of Zoology, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém-PA, Brazil. & Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="8888DAFB3A6622F94A8C6E0472C9C0BC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="494BBC5DA26BED8063FE284E3948CD7D">
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<mods:date id="A8F04E8BA607747223C9E7B705C32EA8">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AFE2B4316A4DC825340DEFC14202554F">2021-03-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1D569EB3EEDDA88E4698C546FED269E8">4949</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="23584EFCC7AC319E042D781D46C046E5" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4949.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D98791FFDF2215FF55FE83FBC08466" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4647748" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180780128" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4647748" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D98791FFDF2215FF55FE83FBC08466" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D98791FFDF2215FF55FE83FBC08466" lastPageNumber="428" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
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<heading id="D08781EBFFDF2215FF55FE83FDEA80B8" bold="true" box="[151,528,358,385]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDF2215FF55FE83FDEA80B8" ID-CoL="4VVSX" authority="(Sclater, 1858)" baseAuthorityName="Sclater" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[151,528,358,385]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="usta">
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<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FF55FE83FDEA80B8" bold="true" box="[151,528,358,385]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
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<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FF55FE83FEAD80B9" bold="true" box="[151,343,359,385]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Megascops usta</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDF2215FEA4FE82FDF280B8" author="Sclater, P. L." box="[358,520,358,384]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="128 - 133" refId="ref29937" refString="Sclater, P. L. (1858) On some new or little-known species of Accipitres, in the collection of the Norwich Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1858, 128 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1858. tb 06354. x" type="journal article" year="1858">Sclater, 1858</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="8BCF3687FFDF2215FF55FE6FFE77809D" blockId="27.[151,528,358,421]" box="[151,397,395,421]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Variable Screech-Owl</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36A650CFFDF2215FF55FE2BFE2880DF" box="[151,466,463,487]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCF3687FFDF2215FF55FE2BFE2880DF" blockId="27.[151,1437,463,978]" box="[151,466,463,487]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
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<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FF55FE2BFEB080DF" box="[151,330,463,487]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">corujinha-relógio</emphasis>
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(Portuguese)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36A650CFFDF2215FF55FE0AFD55831D" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BCF3687FFDF2215FF55FE0AFD92833E" blockId="27.[151,1437,463,978]" box="[151,616,494,518]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
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<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDF2215FF55FE0AFE74833E" authority="Sclater, 1858" authorityName="Sclater" authorityYear="1858" box="[151,398,494,518]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Scops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="usta">
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<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FF55FE0AFEF9833E" box="[151,259,494,518]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Scops usta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDF2215FECBFE0AFE74833E" author="Sclater, P. L." box="[265,398,494,518]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="128 - 133" refId="ref29937" refString="Sclater, P. L. (1858) On some new or little-known species of Accipitres, in the collection of the Norwich Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1858, 128 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1858. tb 06354. x" type="journal article" year="1858">Sclater, 1858</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus id="54CB8825FFDF2215FE59FE0AFE32833E" box="[411,456,494,518]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">type</typeStatus>
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not examined).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCF3687FFDF2215FF55FDE8FD55831D" blockId="27.[151,1437,463,978]" box="[151,687,524,549]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
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<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDF2215FF55FDE8FE0F831D" authority="(Cassin, 1848)" baseAuthorityName="Cassin" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[151,501,524,549]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Pisorhina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsonii">
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<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FF55FDE8FEAD831C" box="[151,343,524,548]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Pisorhina watsonii</emphasis>
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(Cassin, 1848)
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDF2215FE3CFDE8FD51831D" author="Hellmayr, C. E." box="[510,683,524,549]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="343 - 412" refId="ref25977" refString="Hellmayr, C. E. (1907) On a collection of birds made by Mr. W. Hoffmanns on the Rio Madeira, Brazil. Novitates Zoologicae, 14, 343 - 412." type="journal article" year="1907">Hellmayr (1907)</bibRefCitation>
|
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36A650CFFDF2215FF55FDC8FD81837B" box="[151,635,555,579]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCF3687FFDF2215FF55FDC8FD81837B" blockId="27.[151,1437,463,978]" box="[151,635,555,579]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
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<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDF2215FF55FDC8FE3B837B" authority="(Cassin, 1848)" baseAuthorityName="Cassin" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[151,449,555,579]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Otus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FF55FDC8FED9837B" box="[151,291,556,579]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Otus watsonii</emphasis>
|
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(Cassin, 1848)
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDF2215FE09FDCFFD82837B" author="Hellmayr, C. E." box="[459,632,555,579]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="257 - 428" refId="ref26014" refString="Hellmayr, C. E. (1910) The birds of the Rio Madeira. Novitates Zoologicae, 17, 257 - 428. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 875" type="journal article" year="1910">Hellmayr (1910)</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36A650CFFDF2215FF55FDAEFBC08466" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BCF3687FFDF2215FF55FDAEFD73835A" blockId="27.[151,1437,463,978]" box="[151,649,586,610]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDF2215FF55FDAEFE31835A" authority="(Sclater, 1858)" baseAuthorityName="Sclater" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[151,459,586,610]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Pisorhina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="usta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FF55FDAEFED1835A" box="[151,299,586,610]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Pisorhina usta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDF2215FEFBFDAEFE39835A" author="Sclater, P. L." box="[313,451,586,610]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="128 - 133" refId="ref29937" refString="Sclater, P. L. (1858) On some new or little-known species of Accipitres, in the collection of the Norwich Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1858, 128 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1858. tb 06354. x" type="journal article" year="1858">Sclater, 1858</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDF2215FE16FDAEFD7C835A" author="Snethlage, E." box="[468,646,586,610]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="1 - 530" refId="ref30342" refString="Snethlage, E. (1914) Catalogo das aves amazonicas. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi de Historia Natural e Etnografia, 8, 1 - 530." type="journal article" year="1914">Snethlage (1914)</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF3687FFDF2215FF55FD8DFCD68386" blockId="27.[151,1437,463,978]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDF2215FF55FD8DFE1583B8" authority="(Sclater, 1858)" baseAuthorityName="Sclater" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[151,495,616,640]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Otus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="watsonii" subSpecies="usta">
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<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FF55FD8DFEAB83B8" box="[151,337,617,640]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Otus watsonii usta</emphasis>
|
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDF2215FE9CFD8CFE1D83B8" author="Sclater, P. L." box="[350,487,616,640]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="128 - 133" refId="ref29937" refString="Sclater, P. L. (1858) On some new or little-known species of Accipitres, in the collection of the Norwich Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1858, 128 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1858. tb 06354. x" type="journal article" year="1858">Sclater, 1858</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDF2215FE35FD8CFD5E83B9" author="Chapman, F. M." box="[503,676,616,641]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref23701" refString="Chapman, F. M. (1928) Descriptions of new birds from eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru. American Museum Novitates, No. 332, 1 - 12." type="book chapter" year="1928">Chapman (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDF2215FD6CFD8DFCC283B9" author="Peters, J. L." box="[686,824,617,641]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" refId="ref28287" refString="Peters, J. L. (1940) Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 4. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 291 pp." type="book" year="1940">Peters (1940)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDF2215FC82FD8CFC2183B9" author="Hekstra, G. P." box="[832,987,616,641]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="49 - 63" refId="ref25937" refString="Hekstra, G. P. (1982) Description of twenty-four new subspecies of American Otus (Aves, Strigidae). Bulletin Zoologische Museum, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 9 (7), 49 - 63." type="journal article" year="1982">Hekstra (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDF2215FC26FD8CFB6D83B9" author="Marks, J. S. & Cannings, R. J. & Mikkola, H." box="[996,1175,616,641]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" refId="ref27012" refString="Marks, J. S., Cannings, R. J. & Mikkola, H. (1999) Family Strigidae. In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Sargatal, J. (Eds.), Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 5. Barn-owls to Hummingbirds. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, pp. 1 - 759." type="book" year="1999">
|
||
Marks
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FBE8FD8DFBA683B8" box="[1066,1116,616,640]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Weick (2006; part: specimens in southernmost
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDF2215FE68FD63FDE883A7" box="[426,530,647,671]" name="Venezuela" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Amazonian
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDF2215FD7FFD63FCDE83A7" box="[701,804,647,671]" name="Colombia" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDF2215FCEFFD63FC7983A7" box="[813,899,647,671]" name="Ecuador" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDF2215FC4FFD6CFC4483A7" box="[909,958,648,671]" name="Peru" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDF2215FC05FD63FBEE83A7" box="[967,1044,647,671]" name="Bolivia" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDF2215FB8BFD63FB7D83A7" box="[1097,1159,647,671]" name="Brazil" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
between the western banks of the Negro and the lower Tapajós and upper Xingu rivers).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF3687FFDF2215FF55FD21FBC883E4" blockId="27.[151,1437,463,978]" box="[151,1074,708,733]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDF2215FF55FD21FDC283E5" authority="Hekstra, 1982" authorityName="Hekstra" authorityYear="1982" box="[151,568,708,733]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Otus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="atricapillus" subSpecies="morelius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FF55FD21FE5B83E4" box="[151,417,708,732]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Otus atricapillus morelius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDF2215FE65FD20FDC283E5" author="Hekstra, G. P." box="[423,568,708,733]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="49 - 63" refId="ref25937" refString="Hekstra, G. P. (1982) Description of twenty-four new subspecies of American Otus (Aves, Strigidae). Bulletin Zoologische Museum, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 9 (7), 49 - 63." type="journal article" year="1982">Hekstra, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDF2215FD80FD20FD0F83E5" author="Browning, M. R." box="[578,757,708,733]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="515 - 519" refId="ref23158" refString="Browning, M. R. (1989) The type specimens of Hekstra's owls. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 102 (2), 515 - 519." type="journal article" year="1989">Browning (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B183CDAFFDF2215FD3DFD20FBD583E4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063279313" box="[767,1071,708,733]" collectionCode="AMNH" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB8825FFDF2215FD3DFD20FCA283E4" box="[767,856,708,732]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
at
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED61AE42FFDF2215FCB7FD21FC3883E5" box="[885,962,709,733]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
examined
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF3687FFDF2215FF55FD00FBC683C3" blockId="27.[151,1437,463,978]" box="[151,1084,739,763]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDF2215FF55FD00FDBE83C3" authority="Hekstra, 1982" authorityName="Hekstra" authorityYear="1982" box="[151,580,739,763]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Otus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="atricapillus" subSpecies="inambarii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FF55FD00FE5783C3" box="[151,429,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Otus atricapillus inambarii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDF2215FE71FD07FDBE83C3" author="Hekstra, G. P." box="[435,580,739,763]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="49 - 63" refId="ref25937" refString="Hekstra, G. P. (1982) Description of twenty-four new subspecies of American Otus (Aves, Strigidae). Bulletin Zoologische Museum, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 9 (7), 49 - 63." type="journal article" year="1982">Hekstra, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDF2215FD8CFD07FCFB83C3" author="Browning, M. R." box="[590,769,739,763]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="515 - 519" refId="ref23158" refString="Browning, M. R. (1989) The type specimens of Hekstra's owls. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 102 (2), 515 - 519." type="journal article" year="1989">Browning (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B183CDAFFDF2215FCC9FD07FBC283C3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063279320" box="[779,1080,739,763]" collectionCode="FMNH" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB8825FFDF2215FCC9FD07FC9E83C3" box="[779,868,739,763]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
at
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED61AE42FFDF2215FC40FD00FC3183C3" box="[898,971,740,763]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
examined
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF3687FFDF2215FF55FCE6FBB98222" blockId="27.[151,1437,463,978]" box="[151,1091,770,794]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDF2215FF55FCE6FDB28222" authority="Hekstra, 1982" authorityName="Hekstra" authorityYear="1982" box="[151,584,770,794]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Otus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="atricapillus" subSpecies="fulvescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FF55FCE6FE4B8222" box="[151,433,770,794]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Otus atricapillus fulvescens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDF2215FE75FCE6FDB28222" author="Hekstra, G. P." box="[439,584,770,794]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="49 - 63" refId="ref25937" refString="Hekstra, G. P. (1982) Description of twenty-four new subspecies of American Otus (Aves, Strigidae). Bulletin Zoologische Museum, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 9 (7), 49 - 63." type="journal article" year="1982">Hekstra, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDF2215FD90FCE6FCFF8222" author="Browning, M. R." box="[594,773,770,794]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="515 - 519" refId="ref23158" refString="Browning, M. R. (1989) The type specimens of Hekstra's owls. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 102 (2), 515 - 519." type="journal article" year="1989">Browning (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B183CDAFFDF2215FCCDFCE6FBC58222" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063279307" box="[783,1087,770,794]" collectionCode="AMNH" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB8825FFDF2215FCCDFCE6FC928222" box="[783,872,770,794]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
at
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED61AE42FFDF2215FC47FCE6FC288222" box="[901,978,770,794]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
examined
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF3687FFDF2215FF55FCC5FE3B824E" blockId="27.[151,1437,463,978]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDF2215FF55FCC5FE248200" ID-CoL="4VVSX" authority="(Sclater, 1858)" baseAuthorityName="Sclater" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[151,478,800,824]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="usta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FF55FCC5FEC18200" box="[151,315,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Megascops usta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDF2215FE88FCC4FE2C8200" author="Sclater, P. L." box="[330,470,800,824]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="128 - 133" refId="ref29937" refString="Sclater, P. L. (1858) On some new or little-known species of Accipitres, in the collection of the Norwich Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1858, 128 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1858. tb 06354. x" type="journal article" year="1858">Sclater, 1858</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDF2215FE2BFCC4FD4E8201" author="Konig, C. & Weick, F. & Becking, J. H." box="[489,692,800,825]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" refId="ref26717" refString="Konig, C., Weick, F. & Becking, J. H. (1999) Owls: a Guide to the Owls of the World. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut, 462 pp." type="book" year="1999">
|
||
König
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FDF3FCC5FD9C8200" box="[561,614,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1999)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDF2215FD7DFCC4FC528201" author="Konig, C. & Weick, F." box="[703,936,800,825]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" refId="ref26684" refString="Konig, C. & Weick, F. (2008) Owls of the World. Christopher Helm / A & C Black Publishers Ltd., London, 528 pp." type="book" year="2008">König & Weick (2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; part: specimens in southernmost
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDF2215FACAFCC4FA8A8200" box="[1288,1392,800,824]" name="Venezuela" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Amazonian
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDF2215FE81FCDBFE50826F" box="[323,426,831,855]" name="Colombia" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDF2215FE76FCDBFDF0826F" box="[436,522,831,855]" name="Ecuador" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDF2215FDD7FCA4FDBC826F" box="[533,582,832,855]" name="Peru" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDF2215FD93FCDBFD64826F" box="[593,670,831,855]" name="Bolivia" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDF2215FD17FCDBFCE9826F" box="[725,787,831,855]" name="Brazil" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
between the western banks of the Negro and the lower Tapajós and upper Xingu rivers).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF3687FFDF2215FF55FC99FCD682EA" blockId="27.[151,1437,463,978]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDF2215FF55FC99FDC282AC" ID-CoL="5JKVB" authority="(Sclater, 1858)" baseAuthorityName="Sclater" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[151,568,892,916]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="watsonii" subSpecies="usta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FF55FC99FE6D82AC" box="[151,407,893,916]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Megascops watsonii usta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDF2215FE67FC98FDCA82AC" author="Sclater, P. L." box="[421,560,892,916]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="128 - 133" refId="ref29937" refString="Sclater, P. L. (1858) On some new or little-known species of Accipitres, in the collection of the Norwich Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1858, 128 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1858. tb 06354. x" type="journal article" year="1858">Sclater, 1858</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDF2215FD80FC98FC9082AD" author="Dickinson, E. C. & Remsen Jr., J. V." box="[578,874,892,917]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" refId="ref24239" refString="Dickinson, E. C. & Remsen Jr., J. V. (Eds.), (2013) The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Vol. 1. 4 th Edition. Non-Passerines, Aves Press, Eastbourne, 461 pp." type="book" year="2013">Dickinson & Remsen (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDF2215FCB4FC98FBA782AD" author="Clements, J. F. & Schulenberg, T. S. & Iliff, M. J. & Billerman, S. M. & Fredericks, T. A. & Sullivan, B. L. & Wood, C. L." box="[886,1117,892,917]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" refId="ref23808" refString="Clements, J. F., Schulenberg, T. S., Iliff, M. J., Billerman, S. M., Fredericks, T. A., Sullivan, B. L. & Wood, C. L. (2019) The eBird / Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. Version 2019. Available from: https: // www. birds. cornell. edu / clementschecklist / download (accessed 16 February 2021)" type="url" year="2019">
|
||
Clements
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FC1EFC99FBEA82AC" box="[988,1040,892,916]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDF2215FBAAFC98FAF582AD" author="Gill, F. & Donsker, D. & Rasmussen, P." box="[1128,1295,892,917]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" refId="ref25313" refString="Gill, F., Donsker, D. & Rasmussen, P. (2020) IOC World Bird List. Version 10.1. Available from: https: // doi. org / 10.14344 / IOC. ML. 10.1 (accessed 16 February 2021)" type="book" year="2020">
|
||
Gill
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FB54FC99FB3082AC" box="[1174,1226,892,916]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; part: populations in southernmost
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDF2215FE65FC7FFDF5828B" box="[423,527,923,947]" name="Venezuela" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Amazonian
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDF2215FD78FC7FFCDB828B" box="[698,801,923,947]" name="Colombia" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDF2215FCE9FC7FFC7B828B" box="[811,897,923,947]" name="Ecuador" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDF2215FC49FC78FC46828B" box="[907,956,924,947]" name="Peru" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDF2215FC04FC7FFBE9828B" box="[966,1043,923,947]" name="Bolivia" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDF2215FB8AFC7FFB7C828B" box="[1096,1158,923,947]" name="Brazil" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
between the western banks of the Negro and the lower Tapajós and upper Xingu rivers).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF3687FFDF2215FF55FBE4FBC08466" blockId="27.[151,1437,1024,1375]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
|
||
With
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB8825FFDF2215FF1AFBE5FEF28523" box="[216,264,1025,1051]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality referred as Tefé, Amazonas,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677617FFDF2215FD78FBE4FD048522" box="[698,766,1024,1050]" name="Brazil" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B76FFDF2215FCD2FBE4FC508523" author="Sclater, P. L." box="[784,938,1024,1051]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="128 - 133" refId="ref29937" refString="Sclater, P. L. (1858) On some new or little-known species of Accipitres, in the collection of the Norwich Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1858, 128 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1858. tb 06354. x" type="journal article" year="1858">Sclater, 1858</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and corresponding to specimens in Clade B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDF2215FF7BFBC1FEF48506" ID-CoL="4VVSX" baseAuthorityName="Sclater" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[185,270,1061,1086]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="usta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FF7BFBC1FEF48506" box="[185,270,1061,1086]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">M. usta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed over a wide geographic area in Amazonia, ranging from west of the Branco-Negro rivers throughout the Imerí, Napo, Inambari, Madeira and upper stretches of the Tapajos and Xingu AOEs. Strong statistical support for reciprocal monophyly, high degree of coalescence, and high uncorrected pairwise p-distances ranging from 2.1% (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDF2215FE8AFB75FE638592" baseAuthorityName="Hekstra" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[328,409,1169,1194]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ater">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FE8AFB75FE638592" box="[328,409,1169,1194]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">M. ater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) to 6.4% (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDF2215FDCDFB75FD688592" ID-CoL="6QW8X" baseAuthorityName="ANSP" baseAuthorityYear="2445" box="[527,658,1169,1194]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FDCDFB75FD688592" box="[527,658,1169,1194]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">M. watsonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) differentiates this taxon from others in the
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FBB8FB75FF0C85F6" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDF2215FBB8FB75FB028592" ID-CoL="5N2J" authorityName="Dantas & Weckstein & Bates & Oliveira & Catanach & Aleixo" authorityYear="2021" box="[1146,1272,1169,1194]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Megascops</taxonomicName>
|
||
atricapilla-M.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDF2215FF55FB51FF0C85F6" ID-CoL="6QW8X" baseAuthorityName="ANSP" baseAuthorityYear="2445" box="[151,246,1205,1230]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsonii">watsonii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
complex. Morphologically variable with multiple morphs, mainly brown or red, but also gray, and not safely distinguishable solely based on morphology from the other species in the complex. There is geographical variation in the frequency of different morphs among populations. Apparently does not include morphs as dark in color as those found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDF2215FE62FAC5FDDE8402" ID-CoL="6QW8X" baseAuthorityName="ANSP" baseAuthorityYear="2445" box="[416,548,1313,1338]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FE62FAC5FDDE8402" box="[416,548,1313,1338]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">M. watsonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDF2215FD9EFAC5FD558402" baseAuthorityName="Hekstra" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[604,687,1313,1338]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ater">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FD9EFAC5FD558402" box="[604,687,1313,1338]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">M. ater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Vocally distinct from
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FC73FAC5FB338402" box="[945,1225,1313,1338]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDF2215FC73FAC5FBC38402" ID-CoL="6QW8X" baseAuthorityName="ANSP" baseAuthorityYear="2445" box="[945,1081,1313,1338]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watsonii">M. watsonii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDF2215FB86FAC5FB338402" authorityName="Dantas & Weckstein & Bates & Oliveira & Catanach & Aleixo" authorityYear="2021" box="[1092,1225,1313,1338]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stangiae">M. stangiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D04FFDF2215FAC2FAC5FA668402" ID-CoL="3YXDY" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1822" box="[1280,1436,1312,1338]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atricapilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EA95FFDF2215FAC2FAC5FA668402" box="[1280,1436,1312,1338]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">M. atricapilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by on average slower-paced longsongs and shortsongs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B2A02FFDF2215FCC4FAA0FCB08466" box="[774,842,1348,1374]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1132,1156]" captionTargetBox="[207,1378,200,1108]" captionTargetId="figure-20@15.[207,1380,200,1108]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Geographic variation in longsong paces (notes/s) across clades A–F in the Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii complex. Locality codes are given as letters followed by numbers and can be found in full in the Appendix. Numbers next to locality dots represent locally measured longsong pace values. When more than one individual was sampled at a given locality, the total number of longsongs measured is given in parentheses, with reported values representing averages." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4640348" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4640348/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F2033CFFDF2215FC95FAA0FC4C8466" box="[855,950,1348,1374]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,239,1560,1584]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="TABLE 6. Mean and standard deviation values of nine “longsong” characters measured for Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii individuals belonging to clades A‒F (see also Fig. 9)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0F660FFFCA2200FF55F9FCFCCB876C" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" tableUuid="DF0F660FFFCA2200FF55F9FCFCCB876C">Tables 6</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F2033CFFDF2215FC00FAA0FC2B8466" box="[962,977,1348,1374]" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 8. Mean and standard deviation values of nine “shortsong” characters measured for Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii individuals belonging to clades A‒F." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0F660FFFD5221FFF55FF73FD8581EC" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" tableUuid="DF0F660FFFD5221FFF55FF73FD8581EC">8</tableCitation>
|
||
, and 10).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |