treatments-xml/data/03/D9/87/03D98788667EEB0BFCCB9B65673BF90B.xml

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<mods:title id="1676D6DB3FBE01C853E681CAD1BBF0F8">Description of immatures and mating behavior of Liogenys bidenticeps Moser, 1919 (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Melolonthinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A91C590DD7736347C456B7F9588106A1">Rodrigues, Sérgio Roberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0CBE615924BA80DDB3B6A7DCD5F38B75">Fuhrmann, Juares</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6DE08AF206B7723DAFC7FB2EB9F7DCCA">Gomes, Elias Soares</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03D98788667EEB0BFCCB9B65673BF90B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13194549" ID-GBIF-Taxon="237447780" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13194549" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D98788667EEB0BFCCB9B65673BF90B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D98788667EEB0BFCCB9B65673BF90B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="342" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">
<subSubSection id="C36A6515667EEB09FCCB9B65600BFD77" pageId="1" pageNumber="340" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCF369E667EEB09FCCB9B6567F3FEB8" blockId="1.[836,1166,346,367]" box="[836,1166,346,367]" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">
<heading id="D08781F2667EEB09FCCB9B6567F3FEB8" box="[836,1166,346,367]" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="340" reason="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C704D1D667EEB09FCCB9B6567F3FEB8" ID-CoL="3V5WC" authority="Moser, 1919" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1919" box="[836,1166,346,367]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidenticeps">
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667EEB09FCCB9B656776FEB8" box="[836,1035,346,366]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">Liogenys bidenticeps</emphasis>
Moser, 1919
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF369E667EEB09FCCB9B48600BFD77" blockId="1.[804,1476,375,1985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667EEB09FCCB9B4860BFFE5C" bold="true" box="[836,962,375,394]" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">Third instar</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="134B2A1B667EEB09FC409B48674EFE5C" box="[975,1075,375,394]" captionStart-0="Figs" captionStart-1="Figs" captionStart-2="Figs" captionStart-3="Figs" captionStart-4="Figs" captionStart-5="Figs" captionStartId-0="2.[114,149,1331,1345]" captionStartId-1="3.[288,323,1320,1334]" captionStartId-2="4.[114,149,1974,1988]" captionStartId-3="5.[144,179,1357,1371]" captionStartId-4="6.[114,149,1157,1171]" captionStartId-5="6.[354,389,1969,1983]" captionTargetBox-0="[329,1289,149,1300]" captionTargetBox-1="[301,1259,149,1289]" captionTargetBox-2="[329,1287,955,1942]" captionTargetBox-3="[306,1259,150,1325]" captionTargetBox-4="[250,1369,149,1127]" captionTargetBox-5="[329,1288,1539,1939]" captionTargetId-0="figure-14@2.[329,1289,149,1298]" captionTargetId-1="figure-14@3.[300,1260,148,1289]" captionTargetId-2="figure-1379@4.[329,1289,954,1943]" captionTargetId-3="figure-14@5.[300,1260,150,1327]" captionTargetId-4="figure-14@6.[249,1370,149,1124]" captionTargetId-5="figure-226@6.[329,1289,1539,1939]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionTargetPageId-5="6" captionText-0="Figs. 1–8. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 1, habitus; 2, head; 3, chaetotaxy of cranium and clypeus; 4−8, antennae; 4, dorsal (antennomere IV detached); 5, internal; 6, external; 7, antennomere II, ventral; 8, antennomere IV, ventral.Scale: 1−3, 0.5mm; 4−8, 0.25 mm." captionText-1="Figs. 9–12. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 9, labrum; 10, epipharynx; 11–12, cibarium (right, left). Scale: 0.5 mm." captionText-2="Figs. 13–18. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 13−15, right mandible (ventral, internal, dorsal); 16−18, left mandible (dorsal, internal, and ventral).Scale: 0.5mm." captionText-3="Figs. 19–21. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 19, maxilla, internal; 20, maxilla, hypopharynx, ligula, dorsal; 21, maxilla, labium, ventral.Scale: 0.5mm." captionText-4="Figs. 22–36. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 22−24, anterior,medial,and posterior legs, external; 25−27, pro-, meso-, and metatarsungulus,dorsal;28, mesothoracic spiracle; 29−36, abdominal spiracles I−VIII. Scale: 22−24, 1 mm; 25−28, 0.5mm; 29−36, 0.1mm." captionText-5="Figs. 37–38. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 37, raster; 38, abdominal segment X, posterior.Scale: 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13195635" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13195637" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13195639" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13195641" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13195643" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13195645" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13195635/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13195637/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13195639/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13195641/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/13195643/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/13195645/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">Figs. 1–38</figureCitation>
). Length: 
<quantity id="4C889B7B667EEB09FB169B48678CFE5C" box="[1177,1265,375,394]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.73" pageId="1" pageNumber="340" unit="mm" value="17.3">17.3 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4C889B7B667EEB09FB719B486611FE5C" box="[1278,1388,375,394]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="340" unit="mm" value="16.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="15.0">15–18 mm</quantity>
) (
<figureCitation id="134B2A1B667EEB09FA0F9B4866C8FE5C" box="[1408,1461,375,394]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[114,149,1331,1345]" captionTargetBox="[329,1289,149,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-14@2.[329,1289,149,1298]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–8. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 1, habitus; 2, head; 3, chaetotaxy of cranium and clypeus; 4−8, antennae; 4, dorsal (antennomere IV detached); 5, internal; 6, external; 7, antennomere II, ventral; 8, antennomere IV, ventral.Scale: 1−3, 0.5mm; 4−8, 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13195635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13195635/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Head (
<figureCitation id="134B2A1B667EEB09FCE99BAC60E1FE70" box="[870,924,403,422]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[114,149,1331,1345]" captionTargetBox="[329,1289,149,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-14@2.[329,1289,149,1298]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–8. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 1, habitus; 2, head; 3, chaetotaxy of cranium and clypeus; 4−8, antennae; 4, dorsal (antennomere IV detached); 5, internal; 6, external; 7, antennomere II, ventral; 8, antennomere IV, ventral.Scale: 1−3, 0.5mm; 4−8, 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13195635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13195635/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), width 
<quantity id="4C889B7B667EEB09FC7F9BAC6716FE70" box="[1008,1131,403,422]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="340" unit="mm" value="2.4" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.6 mm</quantity>
; epicranial suture slightly distinct in the posterior half; stemmata absent. Each head side (
<figureCitation id="134B2A1B667EEB09FAEE9B9066C6FE14" box="[1377,1467,431,450]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[114,149,1331,1345]" captionTargetBox="[329,1289,149,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-14@2.[329,1289,149,1298]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–8. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 1, habitus; 2, head; 3, chaetotaxy of cranium and clypeus; 4−8, antennae; 4, dorsal (antennomere IV detached); 5, internal; 6, external; 7, antennomere II, ventral; 8, antennomere IV, ventral.Scale: 1−3, 0.5mm; 4−8, 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13195635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13195635/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">Figs. 2, 3</figureCitation>
) with 4 dorsoepicranial setae (
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667EEB09FBD29BF56700FE08" box="[1117,1149,458,478]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">des</emphasis>
); 2 lateroepicranial setae (
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667EEB09FA169BF566CEFE08" box="[1433,1459,458,478]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">les</emphasis>
); 3 anteroepicranial setae (
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667EEB09FBAA9BD96739FE2C" box="[1061,1092,486,506]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">aes</emphasis>
); 9–10 ventroepicranial setae (
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667EEB09FA0E9BD966DDFE2C" box="[1409,1440,486,506]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">ves</emphasis>
); 4 posterofrontal setae (
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667EEB09FC76983E6768FDC3" box="[1017,1045,513,533]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">pfs</emphasis>
); 3 lateralofrontal (or externofrontal) setae in the anterior angles (
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667EEB09FB839822675FFDE7" box="[1036,1058,541,561]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">lfs</emphasis>
); 2 anterofrontal setae (
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667EEB09FA949822664BFDE7" box="[1307,1334,541,561]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">afs</emphasis>
); 1 anteroclipeal seta (
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667EEB09FC01980660D0FD9B" box="[910,941,569,589]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">acs</emphasis>
); 2 lateroclipeal setae (
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667EEB09FB2D980667C6FD9B" box="[1186,1211,569,589]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">lcs</emphasis>
); 2–3 posterolabral setae (
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667EEB09FCA3986A603AFDBF" box="[812,839,597,617]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">pls</emphasis>
); 4 laterolabral setae (
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667EEB09FBBD986A673AFDBF" box="[1074,1095,597,617]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">lls</emphasis>
); 1 mediolabral seta (
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667EEB09FAA4986A6630FDBF" box="[1323,1357,597,617]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">mls</emphasis>
); 2 anterolabral setae (
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667EEB09FC29984E60BCFD53" box="[934,961,625,645]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">als</emphasis>
). Cranium, clypeus, and labrum (
<figureCitation id="134B2A1B667EEB09FA9E984D663AFD53" box="[1297,1351,626,645]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[288,323,1320,1334]" captionTargetBox="[301,1259,149,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[300,1260,148,1289]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 9–12. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 9, labrum; 10, epipharynx; 11–12, cibarium (right, left). Scale: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13195637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13195637/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) with many sensilla.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36A6515667EEB0BFCCB9895673BF90B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="342" pageId="1" pageNumber="340" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCF369E667EEB09FCCB9895600BFC02" blockId="1.[804,1476,375,1985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">
Antennifer cylindrical, with about 5 sensilla. Antenna with 4 antennomeres (
<figureCitation id="134B2A1B667EEB09FC4A98F96763FD0F" box="[965,1054,710,729]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[114,149,1331,1345]" captionTargetBox="[329,1289,149,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-14@2.[329,1289,149,1298]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–8. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 1, habitus; 2, head; 3, chaetotaxy of cranium and clypeus; 4−8, antennae; 4, dorsal (antennomere IV detached); 5, internal; 6, external; 7, antennomere II, ventral; 8, antennomere IV, ventral.Scale: 1−3, 0.5mm; 4−8, 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13195635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13195635/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">Figs. 4–8</figureCitation>
): I short (length/width = 2), with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral sensillum; II long (l/w = 3.3–3.5), with 2 dorsal setae, 2 dorsal sensilla, 1 externoproximal sensillum, 1 externodistal sensillum, 3 ventral sensilla; III short (l/w = 2.3–2.4), with 3 dorsal sensilla, 3 ventral sensilla, 1 externodistal sensillum, 2 internodistal sensilla, and with a ventrodistal process bearing a dorsal sensorial spot, and 3 dorsal sensilla; IV short (l/w = 2.2–2.4), with 1 ventral sensillum, 2 external sensilla, 1 internal sensillum, 1 dorsal sensorial spot, and 2 ventral sensorial spots; distal sensorial area with 7 sensilla.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF369E667EEB09FCCB99E26768FAA0" blockId="1.[804,1476,375,1985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">
Epipharynx (
<figureCitation id="134B2A1B667EEB09FC5B99E26728FC26" box="[980,1109,989,1008]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[288,323,1320,1334]" captionTargetBox="[301,1259,149,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[300,1260,148,1289]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 9–12. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 9, labrum; 10, epipharynx; 11–12, cibarium (right, left). Scale: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13195637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13195637/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">Figs. 10–12</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C704D1D667EEB09FBF999E367BAFC26" box="[1142,1223,988,1008]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Corypha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667EEB09FBF999E367BAFC26" box="[1142,1223,988,1008]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">Corypha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: epizygum indistinct; clithrum absent. 
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667EEB09FC5C99C76728FBDA" box="[979,1109,1016,1036]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">Haptomerum</emphasis>
: zygum as a cross-bar; with 5 heli, 2 spine-like marginal setae on each side, and 9 sensilla. 
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667EEB09FADD9E2C66F8FBF1" box="[1362,1413,1043,1063]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">Paria</emphasis>
: right acroparia with 17–19 setae, left acroparia with 15 setae; each acantoparia with 11–14 setae; gymnoparia well defined and with some sensilla; right chaetoparia with 68–77 setae, left chaetoparia with 47–51 setae; plegmatia present, proplegmatia absent; each side with long phobae; dexiotorma longer than laeotorma; laeotorma with short pterotorma, apotorma and epitorma inconspicuous. 
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667EEB09FCAB9EE86010FB3D" box="[804,877,1239,1259]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">Pedium</emphasis>
longer than wide. 
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667EEB09FBBE9EE867D6FB3D" box="[1073,1195,1239,1259]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">Haptolachus</emphasis>
: each side of crepis with 3 sensilla; nesium internum tubercle-like and with 4 sensilla; nesium externum tabulate; each side with long phobae not contiguous with paria phobae; medial area with some minute phobae, lateral area with some minute tubercle and sensilla. The posterior pre-oral area with a pair of 3 sensilla.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF369E667EEB09FCCB9F40664AF95B" blockId="1.[804,1476,375,1985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">
Mandible (
<figureCitation id="134B2A1B667EEB09FC3C9F40675BFA44" box="[947,1062,1407,1426]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[114,149,1974,1988]" captionTargetBox="[329,1287,955,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-1379@4.[329,1289,954,1943]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 13–18. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 13−15, right mandible (ventral, internal, dorsal); 16−18, left mandible (dorsal, internal, and ventral).Scale: 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13195639" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13195639/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">Figs. 13–18</figureCitation>
). Incisor with 3 teeth, the two proximal slightly distinct and separated from each other by a small groove. The dorsal area with 1 seta and 2 sensilla; ventroproximal area with a rugous stridulatory area; medioexternal area with a seta. Right scrobe (externoproximal area) with 4–5 setae; left scrobe with 8–12 setae. Ventral processes well developed. Right molar with a row of 12 dorsoproximal setae; with 4 chisel-like teeth; well-developed brustia. Left molar with a row of 5 dorsoproximal setae; with an anterior semicircular chisel-like tooth, a ventromedial small tooth, acia absent, and an acute large calx.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF369E667EEB09FCCB9CA9675CF8BA" blockId="1.[804,1476,375,1985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">
Maxillae (
<figureCitation id="134B2A1B667EEB09FC249CA9675DF97F" box="[939,1056,1686,1705]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[144,179,1357,1371]" captionTargetBox="[306,1259,150,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[300,1260,150,1327]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 19–21. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 19, maxilla, internal; 20, maxilla, hypopharynx, ligula, dorsal; 21, maxilla, labium, ventral.Scale: 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13195641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13195641/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">Figs. 19–21</figureCitation>
). Galea and lacinia separated by suture. Galea with an uncus and a row of 6 tooth-like internoventral setae; lacinia with 3 unci; internodorsal area of mala with a row of 7 dorsal tooth-like setae. Stipe with stridulatory area bearing 12–13 acute teeth. Palp with 4 palpomers: I with an external seta; II with a ventroproximal sensillum; III with an external seta, a ventral seta, and 2 ventral sensilla; IV with an internodistal sensillum, distal sensorial area with 16–18 sensilla.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF369E667EEB09FCCB9D4A66D0F816" blockId="1.[804,1476,375,1985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">
Hypopharynx (
<figureCitation id="134B2A1B667EEB09FC539D4A6736F85E" box="[988,1099,1909,1928]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[288,323,1320,1334]" captionTargetBox="[301,1259,149,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[300,1260,148,1289]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 9–12. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 9, labrum; 10, epipharynx; 11–12, cibarium (right, left). Scale: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13195637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13195637/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">Figs. 11, 12</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134B2A1B667EEB09FBDB9D4A6713F85E" box="[1108,1134,1909,1928]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[144,179,1357,1371]" captionTargetBox="[306,1259,150,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[300,1260,150,1327]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 19–21. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 19, maxilla, internal; 20, maxilla, hypopharynx, ligula, dorsal; 21, maxilla, labium, ventral.Scale: 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13195641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13195641/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="340">20</figureCitation>
) with asymmetrical sclerite, right lateral with 5 setae, left with 8 setae; left, right, and posterior areas of sclerite with prominent phoba; posterior area with 5 sensilla.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0F6616667DEB0AFFFD9F0C60D1FA8E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13195635" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13195635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13195635/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" startId="2.[114,149,1331,1345]" targetBox="[329,1289,149,1300]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BCF369E667DEB0AFFFD9F0C60D1FA8E" blockId="2.[114,1504,1330,1368]" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667DEB0AFFFD9F0C63C2FA97" bold="true" box="[114,191,1331,1345]" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">Figs. 1–8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C704D1D667DEB0AFF469F0D6215FA97" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1919" box="[201,360,1330,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidenticeps">
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667DEB0AFF469F0D6215FA97" box="[201,360,1330,1345]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">Liogenys bidenticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, third instar larva; 1, habitus; 2, head; 3, chaetotaxy of cranium and clypeus; 4−8, antennae; 4, dorsal (antennomere IV detached); 5, internal; 6, external; 7, antennomere II, ventral; 8, antennomere IV, ventral. Scale: 1−3, 0.5 mm; 4−8, 0.25 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCF369E667DEB0AFF1D9F4C62A6F99F" blockId="2.[114,785,1395,1973]" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">
Labium (
<figureCitation id="134B2A1B667DEB0AFF619F4C621EFA50" box="[238,355,1395,1414]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[288,323,1320,1334]" captionTargetBox="[301,1259,149,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[300,1260,148,1289]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 9–12. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 9, labrum; 10, epipharynx; 11–12, cibarium (right, left). Scale: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13195637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13195637/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">Figs. 11, 12</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134B2A1B667DEB0AFEFF9F4C62CCFA50" box="[368,433,1395,1414]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[144,179,1357,1371]" captionTargetBox="[306,1259,150,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[300,1260,150,1327]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 19–21. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 19, maxilla, internal; 20, maxilla, hypopharynx, ligula, dorsal; 21, maxilla, labium, ventral.Scale: 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13195641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13195641/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">20, 21</figureCitation>
). Each side of submentum with a long seta and sensillum; mentum with transversal sclerite, each side of sclerite with 4 lateral setae and a medial seta; prementum with about 15 anterior setae; ligula with 5 heli, 4 medial sensilla, a small medial tubercle, 10–12 lateral thin setae, and 14 medial tooth-like setae. Palp with two palpomeres: I with 1 dorsal seta and 1 small ventroproximal seta; II with 1 externodistal sensillum, distal sensory area with 10 sensilla.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF369E667DEB0AFF1D9C6D6227F8AB" blockId="2.[114,785,1395,1973]" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">
Thorax. Pro-, meso- and metanotum with 3 lobes each (
<figureCitation id="134B2A1B667DEB0AFD429C6D6079F9B0" box="[717,772,1618,1638]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[114,149,1331,1345]" captionTargetBox="[329,1289,149,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-14@2.[329,1289,149,1298]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–8. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 1, habitus; 2, head; 3, chaetotaxy of cranium and clypeus; 4−8, antennae; 4, dorsal (antennomere IV detached); 5, internal; 6, external; 7, antennomere II, ventral; 8, antennomere IV, ventral.Scale: 1−3, 0.5mm; 4−8, 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13195635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13195635/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Legs (
<figureCitation id="134B2A1B667DEB0AFF249C516261F957" box="[171,284,1646,1665]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[114,149,1157,1171]" captionTargetBox="[250,1369,149,1127]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[249,1370,149,1124]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 22–36. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 22−24, anterior,medial,and posterior legs, external; 25−27, pro-, meso-, and metatarsungulus,dorsal;28, mesothoracic spiracle; 29−36, abdominal spiracles I−VIII. Scale: 22−24, 1 mm; 25−28, 0.5mm; 29−36, 0.1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13195643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13195643/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">Figs. 22–27</figureCitation>
). Protibia with two parallel rows of 5 ventral thick setae, each seta inserted in a short process; meso- and metatibia with 2 pairs of thick ventral setae, each seta inserted in an acute process; tarsungulus with 2 lateroventral setae, and with an acuminate apex; protarsungulus longer than meso-, meso- longer than the meta-. Thoracic spiracle (
<figureCitation id="134B2A1B667DEB0AFE129CC5629CF8DB" box="[413,481,1786,1805]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[114,149,1157,1171]" captionTargetBox="[250,1369,149,1127]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[249,1370,149,1124]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 22–36. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 22−24, anterior,medial,and posterior legs, external; 25−27, pro-, meso-, and metatarsungulus,dorsal;28, mesothoracic spiracle; 29−36, abdominal spiracles I−VIII. Scale: 22−24, 1 mm; 25−28, 0.5mm; 29−36, 0.1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13195643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13195643/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
) with about 8 perforations in the longitudinal and ventral radii, and 12 perforations in the dorsal radius, perforations oblong and more or less regular; length 
<quantity id="4C889B7B667DEB0AFFFD9D7163B6F8B7" box="[114,203,1870,1889]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" unit="mm" value="0.41">0.41 mm</quantity>
, width 
<quantity id="4C889B7B667DEB0AFE979D716209F8B7" box="[280,372,1870,1889]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" unit="mm" value="0.29">0.29 mm</quantity>
; bulla wider than the distances between respiratory plate arms.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF369E667DEB0AFF1D9DBA677DF954" blockId="2.[114,785,1395,1973]" lastBlockId="2.[833,1504,1395,1973]" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">
Abdomen. With 10 segments; I–VIII with 3 dorsal lobes, IX–X without dorsal divisions. Spiracles (
<figureCitation id="134B2A1B667DEB0AFE659D9E611CF862" box="[490,609,1953,1972]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[114,149,1157,1171]" captionTargetBox="[250,1369,149,1127]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[249,1370,149,1124]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 22–36. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 22−24, anterior,medial,and posterior legs, external; 25−27, pro-, meso-, and metatarsungulus,dorsal;28, mesothoracic spiracle; 29−36, abdominal spiracles I−VIII. Scale: 22−24, 1 mm; 25−28, 0.5mm; 29−36, 0.1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13195643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13195643/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">Figs. 29–36</figureCitation>
) I–VII similar to each other, length 
<quantity id="4C889B7B667DEB0AFB8F9F4C6731FA51" box="[1024,1100,1395,1415]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
, width 
<quantity id="4C889B7B667DEB0AFB159F4C679BFA51" box="[1178,1254,1395,1415]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
, and with 9–12 perforations in all radii (dorsal, longitudinal, ventral); VIII smaller than the others, length 
<quantity id="4C889B7B667DEB0AFC5A9F94675CFA68" box="[981,1057,1451,1470]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
, width 
<quantity id="4C889B7B667DEB0AFBE09F9467B5FA68" box="[1135,1224,1451,1470]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
, and with 7–5 perforations in all radii. Each side of the raster (
<figureCitation id="134B2A1B667DEB0AFB139FF86671FA0C" box="[1180,1292,1479,1498]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[354,389,1969,1983]" captionTargetBox="[329,1288,1539,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-226@6.[329,1289,1539,1939]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 37–38. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 37, raster; 38, abdominal segment X, posterior.Scale: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13195645" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13195645/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">Figs. 37, 38</figureCitation>
) with: tegillum with 27–28 spine-like setae, of which 22 are preseptular setae (anterior to the palidia); barbula indistinct; palidium with 5–7 tooth-like setae, of which the 2–3 anterior setae are small and the other 3–4 posterior setae are long. Segment X (
<figureCitation id="134B2A1B667DEB0AFB379C096786F99C" box="[1208,1275,1590,1610]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[354,389,1969,1983]" captionTargetBox="[329,1288,1539,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-226@6.[329,1289,1539,1939]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 37–38. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 37, raster; 38, abdominal segment X, posterior.Scale: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13195645" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13195645/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
) with a Y-shaped anal opening, each lateroventral anal lobe with 18–21 setae, dorsal anal lobe with 57 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF369E667DEB0BFCEF9CB5665AFA28" blockId="2.[833,1504,1395,1973]" lastBlockId="3.[804,1475,1487,1758]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="342" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">
Remarks. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B6F667DEB0AFC479CB567CFF94B" author="Cherman, M. A. &amp; Guedes, J. V. C. &amp; Moron, M. A. &amp; DalPra, E. &amp; Perini, C. R. &amp; Jung, A. H." box="[968,1202,1674,1694]" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" pagination="618 - 620" refId="ref6803" refString="Cherman, M. A., Guedes, J. V. C., Moron, M. A., DalPra, E., Perini, C. R., Jung, A. H., 2011. First record of species of Liogenys (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae) associated with winter grain crops in Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). Rev. Bras. Entom. 55, 618 - 620." type="journal article" year="2011">Cherman et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
characterized the palidia of 
<taxonomicName id="4C704D1D667DEB0AFCCE9C9A60BAF96F" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1919" box="[833,967,1701,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidenticeps">
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667DEB0AFCCE9C9A6036F96F" box="[833,843,1701,1721]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667DEB0AFCD69C9A60BAF96F" box="[857,967,1701,1721]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">bidenticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C704D1D667DEB0AFC5A9C9A675DF96F" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[981,1056,1701,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusca">
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667DEB0AFC5A9C9A60A2F96F" box="[981,991,1701,1721]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667DEB0AFC619C9A675DF96F" box="[1006,1056,1701,1721]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">fusca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C704D1D667DEB0AFBA09C9A6703F96F" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1855" box="[1071,1150,1701,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obesa">
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667DEB0AFBA09C9A6744F96F" box="[1071,1081,1701,1721]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667DEB0AFBC89C9A6703F96F" box="[1095,1150,1701,1721]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">obesa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C704D1D667DEB0AFB339C9A663CF96F" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1918" box="[1212,1345,1701,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuaticeps">
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667DEB0AFB339C9A67BBF96F" box="[1212,1222,1701,1721]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667DEB0AFB5B9C9A663CF96F" box="[1236,1345,1701,1721]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">sinuaticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in addition to provide the following diagnosis for the genus [addendum hereby noted]: last antennomere with a [dorsal] sensorial spot, mandibles without a ventral stridulatory [striated] area, palidia oblique and anteriorly convergent [or transverse (e.g. 
<taxonomicName id="4C704D1D667DEB0AFB609D2A6640F8FF" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1855" box="[1263,1341,1813,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obesa">
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667DEB0AFB609D2A6784F8FF" box="[1263,1273,1813,1833]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667DEB0AFA899D2A6640F8FF" box="[1286,1341,1813,1833]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">obesa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)], anal opening Y-shaped. It is important to note that the mandibles present an analogous granular stridulatory area even lacking a striated stridulatory area. Mandibles with a ventral stridulatory area formed by minute spine-like granulation (similar to that ornamentation illustrated in 
<figureCitation id="134B2A1B667DEB0AFC459D9E67D1F862" box="[970,1196,1953,1972]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[114,149,1974,1988]" captionTargetBox="[329,1287,955,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-1379@4.[329,1289,954,1943]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 13–18. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 13−15, right mandible (ventral, internal, dorsal); 16−18, left mandible (dorsal, internal, and ventral).Scale: 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13195639" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13195639/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">Figs. 13, 14, 17 and 18</figureCitation>
) and the absence of a striated stridulatory area are characteristic in larvae of Scarabaeinae and Melolonthinae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B6F667CEB0BFE8D9FD462F6FA28" author="Hayes, W. P." box="[258,395,1515,1534]" pageId="3" pageNumber="342" pagination="85 - 203" refId="ref7173" refString="Hayes, W. P., 1930. Morphology, taxonomy, and biology of larval Scarabaeoidea. Illinois Biol. Monogr. 12, 85 - 203." type="journal article" year="1930">Hayes, 1930</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B6F667CEB0BFE119FD46143FA28" author="Schiodte, G. C." box="[414,574,1515,1534]" pageId="3" pageNumber="342" pagination="39 - 41" refId="ref8012" refString="Schiodte, G. C., 1874. Note sur les organes de stridulation chez les larves des coleopteres lamellicornes. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 4, 39 - 41." type="journal article" year="1874">Schiödte, 1874</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B6F667CEB0BFDD49FD46189FA28" author="Boving, A. G." box="[603,756,1515,1534]" pageId="3" pageNumber="342" pagination="169 - 185" refId="ref6760" refString="Boving, A. G., 1936. Description of the larva of Plectris aliena Chapin and explanation of new terms applied to the epipharynx and raster. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 38, 169 - 185." type="journal article" year="1936">Böving (1936)</bibRefCitation>
described the mandible of 
<taxonomicName id="4C704D1D667CEB0BFEF89C3961E5F9CC" authority="Chapin, 1934" authorityName="Chapin" authorityYear="1934" box="[375,664,1542,1562]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Plectris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="342" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aliena">
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667CEB0BFEF89C39617EF9CC" box="[375,515,1542,1562]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="342">Plectris aliena</emphasis>
Chapin, 1934
</taxonomicName>
(Macrodactylini) as “having the stridulating area completely lacking.” Larvae of two undetermined species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C704D1D667CEB0BFD9A9C0161CEF984" authority="(MZSP)" baseAuthorityName="MZSP" box="[533,691,1598,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Plectris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="342" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667CEB0BFD9A9C016126F984" box="[533,603,1598,1618]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="342">Plectris</emphasis>
(MZSP)
</taxonomicName>
were observed in this study and both presented mandibles with granular stridulatory areas. It is possible that the melolonthine mandible descriptions being “without a stridulatory area” (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B6F667CEB0BFDE69CAD618DF973" author="Boving, A. G." box="[617,752,1682,1701]" pageId="3" pageNumber="342" pagination="169 - 185" refId="ref6760" refString="Boving, A. G., 1936. Description of the larva of Plectris aliena Chapin and explanation of new terms applied to the epipharynx and raster. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 38, 169 - 185." type="journal article" year="1936">Böving, 1936</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B6F667CEB0BFFDA9C916250F917" author="Cherman, M. A. &amp; Guedes, J. V. C. &amp; Moron, M. A. &amp; DalPra, E. &amp; Perini, C. R. &amp; Jung, A. H." box="[85,301,1710,1730]" pageId="3" pageNumber="342" pagination="618 - 620" refId="ref6803" refString="Cherman, M. A., Guedes, J. V. C., Moron, M. A., DalPra, E., Perini, C. R., Jung, A. H., 2011. First record of species of Liogenys (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae) associated with winter grain crops in Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). Rev. Bras. Entom. 55, 618 - 620." type="journal article" year="2011">Cherman et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B6F667CEB0BFEB79C916191F917" author="Ramirez-Salinas, C. &amp; Castro-Ramirez, A. E." box="[312,748,1710,1729]" pageId="3" pageNumber="342" pagination="251 - 259" refId="ref7535" refString="Ramirez-Salinas, C., Castro-Ramirez, A. E., 2015. Descripcion del tercer estadio larval de Ceraspis pilatei (Harold, 1863), Diplotaxis puberea (Bates, 1887) y Phyllophaga (s. str.) multipora (Bates, 1888) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) de Chiapas, Mexico. Dugesiana 22, 251 - 259." type="journal article" year="2015">Ramirez-Salinas and Castro-Ramirez, 2015</bibRefCitation>
) are based only on the absence of a striated area (usually present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C704D1D667CEB0BFCAB9FF060EFFA34" box="[804,914,1487,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="342" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cetoniidae</taxonomicName>
, Dynastinae, and Rutelinae; and characterized by series of parallel and transversal costulation or striation).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0F6616667CEB0BFEAF9F176784FAE0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13195637" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13195637" box="[288,1273,1319,1334]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13195637/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="342" startId="3.[288,323,1320,1334]" targetBox="[301,1259,149,1289]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BCF369E667CEB0BFEAF9F176784FAE0" blockId="3.[288,1273,1319,1334]" box="[288,1273,1319,1334]" pageId="3" pageNumber="342">
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667CEB0BFEAF9F176205FAE0" bold="true" box="[288,376,1320,1334]" pageId="3" pageNumber="342">Figs. 9–12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C704D1D667CEB0BFE0E9F18615CFAE0" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1919" box="[385,545,1319,1334]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="342" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidenticeps">
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667CEB0BFE0E9F18615CFAE0" box="[385,545,1319,1334]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="342">Liogenys bidenticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, third instar larva; 9, labrum; 10, epipharynx; 11–12, cibarium (right, left). Scale: 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCF369E667CEB0BFCCB9C3867F1F9BB" blockId="3.[804,1475,1487,1758]" pageId="3" pageNumber="342">
Other species of Diplotaxini with known larvae are 
<taxonomicName id="4C704D1D667CEB0BFAEE9C396080F9E0" authority="(Bates, 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1887" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Diplotaxis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="342" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puberea">
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667CEB0BFAEE9C39600EF9E0" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="342">Diplotaxis puberea</emphasis>
(Bates, 1887)
</taxonomicName>
(description by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B6F667CEB0BFB2C9C1C60C8F984" author="Ramirez-Salinas, C. &amp; Castro-Ramirez, A. E." pageId="3" pageNumber="342" pagination="251 - 259" refId="ref7535" refString="Ramirez-Salinas, C., Castro-Ramirez, A. E., 2015. Descripcion del tercer estadio larval de Ceraspis pilatei (Harold, 1863), Diplotaxis puberea (Bates, 1887) y Phyllophaga (s. str.) multipora (Bates, 1888) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) de Chiapas, Mexico. Dugesiana 22, 251 - 259." type="journal article" year="2015">Ramirez-Salinas and Castro-Ramirez, 2015</bibRefCitation>
); and 
<taxonomicName id="4C704D1D667CEB0BFC7B9C016746F984" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[1012,1083,1598,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="342" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusca">
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667CEB0BFC7B9C016083F984" box="[1012,1022,1598,1618]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="342">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B904EA8C667CEB0BFB869C016746F984" box="[1033,1083,1598,1618]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="342">fusca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(description by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B6F667CEB0BFB519C0066C8F984" author="Rodrigues, S. R. &amp; Moron, M. A. &amp; Gomes, E. S. &amp; Bento, J. M. S." box="[1246,1461,1599,1618]" pageId="3" pageNumber="342" pagination="284 - 289" refId="ref7624" refString="Rodrigues, S. R., Moron, M. A., Gomes, E. S., Bento, J. M. S., 2016. Morphology of immature stages and mating behavior in Liogenys fusca (Blanchard) (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae, Melolonthinae). Rev. Bras. Entomol. 60, 284 - 289." type="journal article" year="2016">Rodrigues et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
). See identification key for diagnosis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF369E667CEB0BFCCB9C49673BF90B" blockId="3.[804,1475,1487,1758]" pageId="3" pageNumber="342">
<materialsCitation id="3B183CC3667CEB0BFCCB9C49673FF90B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4911683301" collectingDate="2011-01-23" collectingDateMax="2011-02-06" collectingDateMin="2011-01-23" collectionCode="UEMS, MZSP" collectorName="G. A. L. Nogueira" country="Brazil" location="Mato Grosso do Sul" pageId="3" pageNumber="342" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul">
Examined material. 
<collectingCountry id="F367760E667CEB0BFB9B9C486722F95C" box="[1044,1119,1655,1674]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="342">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="49B4F87C667CEB0BFBE69C486645F95F" box="[1129,1336,1654,1674]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso do Sul" pageId="3" pageNumber="342">Mato Grosso do Sul</collectingRegion>
; Aquidauana, rearing in the laboratory 
<collectorName id="26855348667CEB0BFB939CAD67C3F973" box="[1052,1214,1682,1702]" pageId="3" pageNumber="342">G. A. L. Nogueira</collectorName>
(collector), 11 third instar larvae preserved on 
<date id="FFCE105E667CEB0BFC749C916724F917" box="[1019,1113,1710,1729]" pageId="3" pageNumber="342" value="2011-01-23">
<collectingDate id="EF8AE9B6667CEB0BFC749C916724F917" box="[1019,1113,1710,1729]" pageId="3" pageNumber="342" value="2011-01-23">23.I.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED61AE5B667CEB0BFBE79C9167D7F917" box="[1128,1194,1710,1729]" pageId="3" pageNumber="342">UEMS</collectionCode>
), 7 third instar larvae preserved on 
<date id="FFCE105E667CEB0BFC039CF5608DF90B" box="[908,1008,1738,1757]" pageId="3" pageNumber="342" value="2011-02-06">
<collectingDate id="EF8AE9B6667CEB0BFC039CF5608DF90B" box="[908,1008,1738,1757]" pageId="3" pageNumber="342" value="2011-02-06">06.II.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED61AE5B667CEB0BFC729CF56741F90B" box="[1021,1084,1738,1757]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="342" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>