203 lines
26 KiB
XML
203 lines
26 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="04F8E9A044ABCC952AFAB441AC78A868">The type specimens, type localities and nomenclature of Sarcoramphus vultures (Aves: Cathartidae), with a note on their speciation</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5BCD0FD9842D9C2F1F56E16214D84CEF">Mlíkovský, Jiří</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C70D7A6E0D911306BB8097CAD2BE1ED0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="203F5E342138E06F14B50502432D355E">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03D97D04FFAEB654FF43B139D3D7FB68" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6115871" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119596310" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6115871" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D97D04FFAEB654FF43B139D3D7FB68" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D97D04FFAEB654FF43B139D3D7FB68" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="583" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
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<subSubSection id="C36A9F99FFAEB653FF43B139D34CF8C3" box="[151,607,1834,1861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCFCC12FFAEB653FF43B139D34CF8C3" blockId="3.[151,607,1834,1861]" box="[151,607,1834,1861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
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<heading id="D0877B7EFFAEB653FF43B139D34CF8C3" bold="true" box="[151,607,1834,1861]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFAEB653FF43B139D34CF8C3" bold="true" box="[151,607,1834,1861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
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Speciation in
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<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAEB653FE94B138D0E2F8C2" ID-CoL="7CGS" box="[320,497,1834,1860]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Sarcoramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFAEB653FE94B138D0E2F8C2" bold="true" box="[320,497,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Sarcoramphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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vultures
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36A9F99FFAEB654FF43B163D3D7FB68" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="583" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCFCC12FFAEB654FF43B163D1F3FF53" blockId="3.[151,1436,1905,2038]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,1262]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="583" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAEB653FEC0B163D0A5F80F" box="[276,438,1905,1929]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Sarcoramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFAEB653FEC0B163D0A5F80F" box="[276,438,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Sarcoramphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is treated as monotypic in standard reference works (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAEB653FB9CB160D5FAF80C" author="Houston" box="[1096,1257,1906,1930]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" refString="Houston, D. C. (1994) Family Cathartidae (New World Vultures). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Sargatal, J. (Eds.), Handbook of the birds of the world. Vol. 2. New World Vultures to Guineafowl. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, pp. 24 - 41." type="book" year="1994">Houston 1994</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAEB653FB22B160D05CF828" author="Ferguson-Lees" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" refString="Ferguson-Lees, J. & Christie, D. A. (2001) Raptors of the world. Christopher Helm, London, 992 pp." type="book" year="2001">Ferguson-Lees & Christie 2001</bibRefCitation>
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, Dickinson & Remsen 2013); no accepted fossil species are known.
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<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAEB653FB85B187D421F82B" box="[1105,1330,1941,1965]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Sarcoramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papa">
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFAEB653FB85B187D421F82B" box="[1105,1330,1941,1965]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Sarcoramphus papa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the only contemporary species, occurs mainly in lowland forests of northern South
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<collectingCountry id="F3678C82FFAEB653FBC4B1ABD563F854" box="[1040,1136,1977,2002]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">America</collectingCountry>
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and of Central
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<collectingCountry id="F3678C82FFAEB653FAE1B1ABD48BF854" box="[1333,1432,1977,2002]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">America</collectingCountry>
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, although individuals may be encountered in treeless areas as well (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAEB653FC72B1CCD40AF870" author="Ferguson-Lees" box="[934,1305,2013,2038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" refString="Ferguson-Lees, J. & Christie, D. A. (2001) Raptors of the world. Christopher Helm, London, 992 pp." type="book" year="2001">Ferguson-Lees & Christie 2001</bibRefCitation>
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). However, indications exist that extinct
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<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFA9B654FE31B68AD394FF36" box="[485,647,152,176]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Sarcoramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFA9B654FE31B68AD394FF36" box="[485,647,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Sarcoramphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species may have lived south and north of the present range of the genus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCFCC12FFA9B654FF13B6CDD5DFFD9E" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1262]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
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First,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFA9B654FEDEB6CDD33CFF7E" author="Noriega" box="[266,559,223,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" refString="Noriega, J. I. & Areta, J. I. (2005) First record of Sarcoramphus Dumeril 1806 (Ciconiiformes: Vulturidae) from the Pleistocene of Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 20, 73 - 79. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jsames. 2005.05.004" type="journal article" year="2005">Noriega and Areta (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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identified from the late Pleistocene of Camet Norte, Buenos Aires Province,
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<collectingCountry id="F3678C82FFA9B654FF43B716D01AFE9B" box="[151,265,260,285]" name="Argentina" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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, several bones from a single individual of a
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<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFA9B654FD20B716D285FE9A" box="[756,918,260,284]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Sarcoramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFA9B654FD20B716D285FE9A" box="[756,918,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Sarcoramphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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vulture. The bones were found in a deposit C- 14-dated to 24,550±600 yr BP (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFA9B654FDE2B735D22DFEC6" author="Pardinas" box="[566,830,295,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" refString="Pardinas, U. F. J., Tonni, E. P. & Figini, A. J. (1998) Camet Norte: Diversidad faunistica proxima al Ultimo Maximo Glacial en el sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. In: Actas X Congreso Latinoamericano de Geologia y VI Congreso Nacional de Geologia Economica. Vol. 1. The Congress, Buenos Aires, 257 - 262." type="book chapter" year="1998">
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Pardiñas
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFA9B654FD7FB73BD3FCFEC6" box="[683,751,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">et al.</emphasis>
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1998
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFA9B654FC8AB735D560FEC6" box="[862,1139,295,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" refString="Pardinas, U. F. J., Tonni, E. P. & Figini, A. J. (1998) Camet Norte: Diversidad faunistica proxima al Ultimo Maximo Glacial en el sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. In: Actas X Congreso Latinoamericano de Geologia y VI Congreso Nacional de Geologia Economica. Vol. 1. The Congress, Buenos Aires, 257 - 262." type="book chapter">
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Pardiñas
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFA9B654FC05B73BD506FEC6" box="[977,1045,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">et al.</emphasis>
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(1998)
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</bibRefCitation>
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reconstructed the local paleoenvironment as semiarid-arid steppes.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFA9B654FD4AB75ED2D3FEE3" author="Noriega" box="[670,960,332,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" refString="Noriega, J. I. & Areta, J. I. (2005) First record of Sarcoramphus Dumeril 1806 (Ciconiiformes: Vulturidae) from the Pleistocene of Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 20, 73 - 79. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jsames. 2005.05.004" type="journal article" year="2005">Noriega & Areta (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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challenged their view, arguing that the presence of a
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<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFA9B654FEE6B762D0C7FE0E" box="[306,468,368,392]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Sarcoramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFA9B654FEE6B762D0C7FE0E" box="[306,468,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Sarcoramphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species was evidence for the presence of forests. They rejected the possibility that the recorded individual was a vagrant and suggested that it originated from a local population. However, the record, as they presented it, allows for both interpretations. If the specimen indeed originated from a local population, then further research is needed to assess its taxonomic status. It is not impossible that an extinct
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<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFA9B654FB75B7CED450FE72" box="[1185,1347,476,500]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Sarcoramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFA9B654FB75B7CED450FE72" box="[1185,1347,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Sarcoramphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species inhabited the steppes of
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<collectingCountry id="F3678C82FFA9B654FE73B7EDD305FD9E" box="[423,534,511,536]" name="Argentina" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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(and adjacent parts of South
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<collectingCountry id="F3678C82FFA9B654FC8BB7EDD2D1FD9E" box="[863,962,511,536]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">America</collectingCountry>
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) in the late Pleistocene.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCFCC12FFA9B654FF13B436D038FC91" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1262]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
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Second,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFA9B654FEFFB436D327FDBA" author="Snyder" box="[299,564,548,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" refString="Snyder, N. F. R. & Fry, J. T. (2013) Validity of Bartram's Painted Vulture (Aves: Cathartidae). Zootaxa, 3613, 61 - 82. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3613.1.3" type="journal article" year="2013">Snyder and Fry (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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suggested that an extinct
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<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFA9B654FCBCB436D519FDBA" box="[872,1034,548,572]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Sarcoramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFA9B654FCBCB436D519FDBA" box="[872,1034,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Sarcoramphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species inhabited the southeastern
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<collectingCountry id="F3678C82FFA9B654FF43B459D1DCFDE5" box="[151,207,587,611]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">USA</collectingCountry>
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(in agreement with most 19th -century authors, but against the opinion of most 20th -century authors; see above for citations). They based their opinion on a written account by William Bartram, who travelled in the region in the 1780s (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFA9B654FF38B481D083FD2D" author="Bartram" box="[236,400,659,683]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" refString="Bartram, W. (1791) Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East & West Florida, the Cherokee Country, the extensive territories of the Muscogulges, or Creek Confederacy, and the country of the Chactaws; containing an account of the soil and natural productions of those regions, together with observations on the manners of the Indians. James & Johnson, Philadelphia, xxxiv + 522 pp." type="book" year="1791">Bartram 1791</bibRefCitation>
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), a painting of a captive individual made in the 1730s in
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<collectingCountry id="F3678C82FFA9B654FBE9B480D589FD2D" box="[1085,1178,658,683]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">England</collectingCountry>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFA9B654FB18B480D477FD2D" author="Albin" box="[1228,1380,658,683]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" refString="Albin, E. (1738) A natural history of birds. Vol. 2. W. Innys and R. Manby, London, [6] + 92 + [2] pp." type="journal article" year="1738">Albin (1738)</bibRefCitation>
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, and arguably on a description of an “eagle” from Louisiana by Le Page (1752: 125–126, 1758: 109, 1763: 75–76). [Note that
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFA9B654FEDBB4C8D0FBFD75" author="Snyder" box="[271,488,730,755]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" refString="Snyder, N. F. R. & Fry, J. T. (2013) Validity of Bartram's Painted Vulture (Aves: Cathartidae). Zootaxa, 3613, 61 - 82. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3613.1.3" type="journal article" year="2013">Snyder & Fry 2013</bibRefCitation>
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incorrectly called this chronicler DuPratz and that they did not refer to his
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<date id="FFCEEAD2FFA9B654FAE0B4C8D1DCFC91" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" value="1752" valueMax="1763">1752 and 1763</date>
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works.]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCFCC12FFA9B654FF13B530D091FC21" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1262]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFA9B654FF13B530D0D7FCBD" author="Snyder" box="[199,452,802,827]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" refString="Snyder, N. F. R. & Fry, J. T. (2013) Validity of Bartram's Painted Vulture (Aves: Cathartidae). Zootaxa, 3613, 61 - 82. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3613.1.3" type="journal article" year="2013">Snyder and Fry (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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||
suggested that
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<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFA9B654FDBBB531D247FCBC" box="[623,852,803,827]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Sarcoramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacer">
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFA9B654FDBBB531D247FCBC" box="[623,852,803,827]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Sarcoramphus sacer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was recorded from Florida (Bartram) and Louisiana (Le Page). LePage's (1752, 1758, 1763) record from Louisiana, where he lived from
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<date id="FFCEEAD2FFA9B654FBB0B555D5F7FCD9" box="[1124,1252,839,863]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" value="1718" valueMax="1734">1718–1734</date>
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, is uncertain, as noted by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFA9B654FF2BB578D0ECFC05" author="Snyder" box="[255,511,874,899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" refString="Snyder, N. F. R. & Fry, J. T. (2013) Validity of Bartram's Painted Vulture (Aves: Cathartidae). Zootaxa, 3613, 61 - 82. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3613.1.3" type="journal article" year="2013">Snyder and Fry (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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, because his description of the bird cannot be unambiguously interpreted as that of
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<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFA9B654FF43B59DD068FC21" box="[151,379,911,935]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Sarcoramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9041000FFA9B654FF43B59DD068FC21" box="[151,379,911,935]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Sarcoramphus sacer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFCC12FFA9B654FF13B5A1D3D7FB68" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1262]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
|
||
However, the existence of both a “southern” and a “northern”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFA9B654FCABB5A1D532FC4D" box="[895,1057,947,971]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Sarcoramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9041000FFA9B654FCABB5A1D532FC4D" box="[895,1057,947,971]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Sarcoramphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species can be doubted. First, the specimen recorded from the late Pleistocene of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3678C82FFA9B654FD65B5C4D232FC69" box="[689,801,982,1007]" name="Argentina" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
may indeed belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFA9B654FBF0B5C5D415FC69" box="[1060,1286,983,1007]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Sarcoramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9041000FFA9B654FBF0B5C5D415FC69" box="[1060,1286,983,1007]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Sarcoramphus papa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFA9B654FF68B5E8D0F6FB95" author="Noriega" box="[188,485,1018,1043]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" refString="Noriega, J. I. & Areta, J. I. (2005) First record of Sarcoramphus Dumeril 1806 (Ciconiiformes: Vulturidae) from the Pleistocene of Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 20, 73 - 79. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jsames. 2005.05.004" type="journal article" year="2005">Noriega and Areta (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Secondly, Bartram’s (1791) description of the bird might have been inaccurate (as suggested by most 20th -century authors; see above for citations). Other 18th -century authors who described the avifauna of the American Southeast did not record such a bird (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFA9B654FCB1B257D517FBD8" author="Catesby" box="[869,1028,1093,1118]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" refString="Catesby, M. (1732 [1731]) The natural history of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands - Histoire naturelle de la Caroline, la Floride, & les Isles Bahama. Vol. 1. [The Author], London, [4] + xii + xliv + 100 pp." type="book" year="1732">Catesby 1732</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFA9B654FBC4B254D558FBD8" author="Catesby" box="[1040,1099,1094,1118]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" refString="Catesby, M. (1743) The natural history of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands - Histoire naturelle de la Caroline, la Floride, & les Isles Bahama. Vol. 2. The Author, London, [2] + 100 + 20 + [7] pp." type="journal article" year="1743">1743</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFA9B654FB83B254D5E5FBD8" author="Dumont" box="[1111,1270,1093,1118]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" refString="Dumont de Montigny, J. - F. B. (1753) Memoires historiques sur la Louisiane contenant ce qui est arrive de plus memorable depuis l'annee 1687 jusqu'a present; avec l'etablissment de la Colonie Francoise dans cette province de l'Amerique Septentrionale sous le direction de la Compagnie des Indes; le climat, la nature & les productions de ce pays; l'origine et la Religion des Sauvages qui y habitent, leur moeurs & leurs coutumes, & c. Vol. 1. C. J. B. Bauche, Paris, x + 261 pp." type="book" year="1753">Dumont 1753</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 87–92;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFA9B654FA8CB254D1C0FB04" author="Bossu" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" refString="Bossu, J. B. (1768) Nouveaux voyages aux Indes Occidentales. Vol. 2. Le Jay, Paris, 264 pp." type="book" year="1768">Bossu 1768</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 172–178; see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFA9B654FE7FB278D354FB04" author="McAtee" box="[427,583,1129,1154]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" refString="McAtee, W. L. (1950) The North American birds of George Edwards. Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History, 2, 194 - 205. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3366 / jsbnh. 1950.2.6.194" type="journal article" year="1950">McAtee 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFA9B654FD85B27BD388FB04" author="McAtee" box="[593,667,1129,1154]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" refString="McAtee, W. L. (1957 a) The North American birds of Mark Catesby and Eleazar Albin. Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History, 3, 177 - 194. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3366 / jsbnh. 1957.3.4.177" type="journal article" year="1957" yearSuffix="a">1957a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFA9B654FD74B27BD3BCFB04" author="McAtee" box="[672,687,1129,1154]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" refString="McAtee, W. L. (1957 b) The North American birds of Linnaeus. Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History, 3, 291 - 300. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3366 / jsbnh. 1957.3.5.291" type="journal article" year="1957" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Albin’s (1738) painting has been said to be incorrectly colored by his contemporaries (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFA9B654FEAEB29FD332FB20" author="Edwards" box="[378,545,1165,1190]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" refString="Edwards, G. (1743) A natural history of birds. Vol. 1. The Author, London, xxiv + 53 pp. + 52 pls." type="book" year="1743">Edwards 1743</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 2; see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFA9B654FD7DB29FD251FB20" author="Brisson" box="[681,834,1165,1190]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" refString="Brisson, M. J. (1760) Ornithologie - Ornithologia. Vol. 1. Paris, Cl. Jean Baptiste Bauche, xxiv + 526 + lxxix pp. [Parallel text in French and Latin]" type="book chapter" year="1760">Brisson 1760</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 471). Finally, no
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFA9B654FBD9B29FD5BCFB23" box="[1037,1199,1165,1189]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Sarcoramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9041000FFA9B654FBD9B29FD5BCFB23" box="[1037,1199,1165,1189]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Sarcoramphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bones were found in the Holocene deposits of the region to the best of my knowledge, although those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFA9B654FB55B2A0D5FDFB4F" box="[1153,1262,1202,1225]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Coragyps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9041000FFA9B654FB55B2A0D5FDFB4F" box="[1153,1262,1202,1225]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Coragyps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFA9B654FAF9B2A3D488FB4F" box="[1325,1435,1201,1225]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Cathartes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9041000FFA9B654FAF9B2A3D488FB4F" box="[1325,1435,1201,1225]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Cathartes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vultures were (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFA9B654FEBAB2C7D308FB68" author="Brodkorb" box="[366,539,1237,1262]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" refString="Brodkorb, P. (1964) Catalogue of fossil birds: Part 2 (Anseriformes through Galliformes). Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, 8, 195 - 335." type="journal article" year="1964">Brodkorb 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFA9B654FDF2B2C7D3A4FB68" author="Emslie" box="[550,695,1237,1262]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" refString="Emslie, S. D. (1998) Avian community, climate, and sea-level changes in the Plio-Pleistocene of the Florida Peninsula. Ornithological Monographs, 50, 1 - 113. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 40166707" type="journal article" year="1998">Emslie 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |