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<document id="0C6A7345A84D8D26C4E24066A10A8473" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3628.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5261270" ID-ZooBank="37D2D7F2-FA0C-40E9-B6D0-9C74EBB6C7F0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629845627142" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Reiswig, Henry M. &amp; Stone, Robert P." docDate="2013" docId="03D287B2FF8F36159AD7F9C12CD2FC17" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03628p064.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3628 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3628.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis Schulze. We 1899" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="FFEBFFCAFFB836299A40FF842E67FFFC" masterDocTitle="&lt;strong&gt; New glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida) from deep waters of the central Aleutian Islands, Alaska &lt;/ strong&gt;" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="56" updateTime="1699120432012" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="5269F8B4DC83772CE4882676A68573C5">&lt;strong&gt; New glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida) from deep waters of the central Aleutian Islands, Alaska &lt;/ strong&gt;</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EEB2F6DD2B78CD2399E54E2FA6144883">Reiswig, Henry M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="711AF5BDCE8D142A8EEE1351449C950F">Stone, Robert P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="24AF8DFC45A6AD33CD5895E0AA99FD5B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="18F5C1369C1D06EDD37F7024D185844F">2013-03-18</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="C83BCBDCA1C40D45CA8D77A9ECB6C464">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="DC76FCF18FA00CEB56874FBCFC8F02EB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3628.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3EB981C2B3E3A0C21FE48D680826E81A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D287B2FF8F36159AD7F9C12CD2FC17" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261630" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5261630" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D287B2FF8F36159AD7F9C12CD2FC17" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D287B2FF8F36159AD7F9C12CD2FC17" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<subSubSection id="C361652FFF8F361E9AD7F9C12C1CF9A3" box="[151,635,1605,1631]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8F361E9AD7F9C12C1CF9A3" blockId="55.[151,635,1605,1663]" box="[151,635,1605,1631]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<heading id="D08C81C8FF8F361E9AD7F9C12C1CF9A3" bold="true" box="[151,635,1605,1631]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8F361E9AD7F9C12C1CF9A3" ID-CoL="793Y3" authority="Schulze, 1899" authorityName="Schulze. We" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,635,1605,1631]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rhabdocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8F361E9AD7F9C12C1CF9A3" bold="true" box="[151,635,1605,1631]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8F361E9AD7F9C12FABF9A3" bold="true" box="[151,460,1605,1631]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FF8F361E9B93F9C12C1CF9A3" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[467,635,1605,1631]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref37688" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1899) Amerikanische Hexactinelliden, nach dem Materiale der Albatross-Expedition. Fischer, Jena. 126 pp, 19 pls." type="book" year="1899">Schulze, 1899</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361652FFF8F36159AD7F9E32CD2FC17" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8F361E9AD7F9E32FD4F983" blockId="55.[151,635,1605,1663]" box="[151,435,1639,1663]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
(
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8F361E9ADFF9E32E9CF983" box="[159,251,1639,1663]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1795,1818]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,193,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-143@56.[166,1422,193,1774]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 27. Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis Schulze, body and surfaces. A. Specimen in situ before collection (laser spacing 10 cm). B. Two sides of main specimen after drying. C. Margin and associated prostal diactins and pentactin veil. D. Lateral body surface in profile with low conules supporting pentactins of veil; note absence of prostal diactins. E. Closer view of submarginal exterior spicules with several extreme paratropal pentactins. F. Lateral dermal surface showing apertures of inhalant canals and surface conules as small stellate figures. G. Closer view of dermal surface showing extremely fine, irregular dermal lattice between three conules. H. Atrial surface showing apertures of exhalant canals covered by loose spicule lattice. I. Closer view of atrial surface showing regular hexactin mesh with protruding distal rays. All from USNM# 1196563." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261326/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Figs. 27</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8F361E9B5EF9E32F5BF983" box="[286,316,1639,1663]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="57.[151,250,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,177,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-159@57.[166,1422,177,1733]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 28. Spicules of Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis Schulze, from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactins from side and top, with enlargements of proximal and distal parts of thorned tangential rays. B. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactin from submarginal zone with four tightly grouped tangential rays and enlargement of part of a thornless tangential ray. C. Prostal crucial hypodermal pentactin from same area, with enlarged ray end. D. Dermalia, including main diactins with enlarged ray end, irregular diactin, triactin, stauractin and monactin. E. Atrialia, whole hexactin and pentactin (rare), with enlarged distal and tangential ray tips. F. Parenchymal diactins, whole and enlarged ray tips from thinner (above) to thicker (below) forms. G. Prostal diactin, whole and enlarged middle and end. H. Discoctaster, whole and enlarged centrum and terminal ray tips. I. Oxyhexactin, whole and enlarged centrum. J. Hemioxyhexaster. K. Oxyhexaster. L. Microdiscohexaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261328/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">28</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6F9031FFF8F361E9B08F9E32FCDF983" box="[328,426,1639,1663]" captionStart="TABLE 14" captionStartId="59.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 14. Spicule dimensions of Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis, Schulze, 1899, USNM# 1196563, from Aleutian Islands, Alaska (dimensions in µm unless otherwise indicated)." pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Table 14</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8F361E9AD7F9352B10F93B" blockId="55.[151,1399,1711,1735]" box="[151,1399,1711,1735]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
Synonymy.
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8F361E9B4FF9352C80F93B" authority="Schulze, 1899: 61" authorityName="Schulze. We" authorityPageNumber="61" authorityYear="1899" box="[271,743,1711,1735]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rhabdocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8F361E9B4FF9352C73F93B" box="[271,532,1713,1735]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FF8F361E985BF92B2C80F93B" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[539,743,1711,1735]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref37688" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1899) Amerikanische Hexactinelliden, nach dem Materiale der Albatross-Expedition. Fischer, Jena. 126 pp, 19 pls." type="book" year="1899">Schulze, 1899: 61</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8F361E98B8F9352B14F93B" authority="Stone et al., 2011: 28" authorityName="Stone" authorityPageNumber="28" authorityYear="2011" box="[760,1395,1713,1735]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Acanthascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabilis" subGenus="Rhabdocalyptus">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8F361E98B8F9352AF3F93B" box="[760,1172,1713,1735]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Acanthascus (Rhabdocalyptus) mirabilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FF8F361E9EDAF9352B14F93B" author="Stone, R. P. &amp; Lehnert, H. &amp; Reiswig, H. M." box="[1178,1395,1713,1735]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref37879" refString="Stone, R. P., Lehnert, H. &amp; Reiswig, H. M. (2011) A guide to the deep-water sponges of the Aleutian Island Archipelago. NOAA Professional Paper NMFS, 12, 1 - 187." type="journal article" year="2011">Stone et al., 2011: 28</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8F361E9AD7F9712D7AF8A9" blockId="55.[151,1436,1781,1985]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<materialsCitation id="3B133CF9FF8F361E9AD7F9712D7EF8A9" collectingDate="2004-08-06" collectionCode="RV" county="Jason" elevation="2311" latitude="51.904217" location="Amchitka Pass" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-178.38725" municipality="Roger Revelle'" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCode="USNM# 1196563" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alaska">
Material examined.
<specimenCode id="DBDD9EDFFF8F361E9BC0F9712C29F8F1" box="[384,590,1781,1805]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="Museum">USNM# 1196563</specimenCode>
, ROV '
<collectingCounty id="62A54E28FF8F361E98E6F9712C80F8F1" box="[678,743,1781,1805]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Jason</collectingCounty>
II' from
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE61FF8F361E9917F9722D1BF8F1" box="[855,892,1782,1805]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">RV</collectionCode>
'
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA0ACDEFF8F361E99CAF9712A5EF8F1" box="[906,1081,1781,1805]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Roger Revelle'</collectingMunicipality>
, dive J2105,
<date id="FFC51064FF8F361E9E99F9712BFFF8F1" box="[1241,1432,1781,1805]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="2004-08-06">
<collectingDate id="EF81E98CFF8F361E9E99F9712BFFF8F1" box="[1241,1432,1781,1805]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="2004-08-06">06 August 2004</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<location id="8EA4607FFF8F361E9AD7F89D2F2BF8CD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D287B2FF8F36159AD7F9C12CD2FC17:8EA4607FFF8F361E9AD7F89D2F2BF8CD" box="[151,332,1817,1841]" county="Jason" latitude="51.904217" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-178.38725" municipality="Roger Revelle'" name="Amchitka Pass" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Alaska">Amchitka Pass</location>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A762F86FF8F361E9B21F89D2C93F8CD" box="[353,756,1817,1841]" location="Cape Sajaka" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<quantity id="4C839B41FF8F361E9B21F89D2FA0F8CD" box="[353,455,1817,1841]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="km" value="11.4">11.4 km</quantity>
WNW of Cape Sajaka
</locationDeviation>
,
<location id="8EA4607FFF8F361E994BF89E2DD3F8CD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D287B2FF8F36159AD7F9C12CD2FC17:8EA4607FFF8F361E994BF89E2DD3F8CD" box="[779,948,1817,1842]" county="Jason" latitude="51.904217" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-178.38725" municipality="Roger Revelle'" name="Tanaga Island" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Alaska">Tanaga Island</location>
,
<location id="8EA4607FFF8F361E998AF89D2AE9F8CD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D287B2FF8F36159AD7F9C12CD2FC17:8EA4607FFF8F361E998AF89D2AE9F8CD" box="[970,1166,1817,1841]" county="Jason" latitude="51.904217" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-178.38725" municipality="Roger Revelle'" name="Aleutian Islands" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Alaska">Aleutian Islands</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49BFF846FF8F361E9EE4F89D2A92F8CD" box="[1188,1269,1817,1841]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Alaska</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5063FF8F361E9F4AF89D2BF0F8CD" box="[1290,1431,1817,1841]" degrees="51" direction="north" minutes="54.253" orientation="latitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="51.904217">51º54.253'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5063FF8F361E9AD7F8B92F51F8A9" box="[151,310,1853,1877]" degrees="178" direction="west" minutes="23.235" orientation="longitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-178.38725">178º23.235'W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C839B41FF8F361E9B01F8B92FF0F8A9" box="[321,407,1853,1877]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.311" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="2311.0">
<elevation id="0056D197FF8F361E9B01F8B92FF0F8A9" box="[321,407,1853,1877]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.311" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="2311.0">2311 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, dry &amp; ethanol, base not collected
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8F361E9A87F8E52B43F83D" blockId="55.[151,1436,1781,1985]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
Comparative material.
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8F361E9B91F8E52C91F885" authorityName="Schulze. We" authorityYear="1899" box="[465,758,1889,1913]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rhabdocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8F361E9B91F8E52C91F885" box="[465,758,1889,1913]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<typeStatus id="54C08806FF8F361E9949F8E52D09F885" box="[777,878,1889,1913]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, USNM 07574, USFS 'Albatross', stn 3338,
<date id="FFC51064FF8F361E9FC0F8E52F77F861" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1890-08-28">28 Aug. 1890</date>
, S of Shumagen Bank,
<collectingRegion id="49BFF846FF8F361E9853F8012C04F861" box="[531,611,1925,1949]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Alaska</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5063FF8F361E982EF8012CADF861" box="[622,714,1925,1949]" degrees="54" direction="north" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="925" value="54.316666">54º19'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5063FF8F361E9895F8012D24F861" box="[725,835,1925,1949]" degrees="159" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="925" value="-159.66667">159º40'W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C839B41FF8F361E990EF8012DC3F861" box="[846,932,1925,1949]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.143" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="1143.0">1143 m</quantity>
, ethanol;
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8F361E9E4FF8012A8BF861" box="[1039,1260,1925,1949]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rhabdocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8F361E9E4FF8012AA4F861" box="[1039,1219,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Rhabdocalyptus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, USNM 07573, USFS 'Albatross', stn 3008,
<date id="FFC51064FF8F361E9B92F82D2C0DF83D" box="[466,618,1961,1985]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1891-03-18">18 Mar. 1891</date>
, Gulf of
<collectingRegion id="49BFF846FF8F361E988FF82D2D24F83D" box="[719,835,1961,1985]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">California</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5063FF8F361E990EF82D2DCCF83D" box="[846,939,1961,1985]" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="925" value="26.0">26º00'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5063FF8F361E99F6F82D2A45F83D" box="[950,1058,1961,1985]" degrees="111" direction="west" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="925" value="-111.1">111º06'W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C839B41FF8F361E9E6EF82D2A11F83D" box="[1070,1142,1961,1985]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="560.0">560 m</quantity>
, ethanol &amp; dry.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF04662CFF8036119AD7F8872B57F82E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5261326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261326/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" startId="56.[151,250,1795,1818]" targetBox="[166,1422,193,1770]" targetPageId="56">
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8036119AD7F8872B57F82E" blockId="56.[151,1437,1795,2002]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8036119AD7F8872F46F8E6" bold="true" box="[151,289,1795,1818]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 27.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8036119B6AF8802CEBF8E6" authority="Schulze" authorityName="Schulze. We" authorityYear="1899" box="[298,652,1796,1818]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rhabdocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8036119B6AF8802C57F8E6" box="[298,560,1796,1818]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis</emphasis>
Schulze
</taxonomicName>
, body and surfaces. A. Specimen
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF80361199AEF8812A48F8E6" box="[1006,1071,1797,1818]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">in situ</emphasis>
before collection (laser spacing 10 cm). B. Two sides of main specimen after drying. C. Margin and associated prostal diactins and pentactin veil. D. Lateral body surface in profile with low conules supporting pentactins of veil; note absence of prostal diactins. E. Closer view of submarginal exterior spicules with several extreme paratropal pentactins. F. Lateral dermal surface showing apertures of inhalant canals and surface conules as small stellate figures. G. Closer view of dermal surface showing extremely fine, irregular dermal lattice between three conules. H. Atrial surface showing apertures of exhalant canals covered by loose spicule lattice. I. Closer view of atrial surface showing regular hexactin mesh with protruding distal rays. All from USNM# 1196563.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF04662CFF8136109AD7F95E2F02F81A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261328" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5261328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261328/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" startId="57.[151,250,1754,1777]" targetBox="[166,1422,177,1733]" targetPageId="57">
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8136109AD7F95E2F02F81A" blockId="57.[151,1437,1754,2022]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8136109AD7F95E2F40F90D" bold="true" box="[151,295,1754,1777]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">FIGURE 28.</emphasis>
Spicules of
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8136109BFCF95F2D4EF90D" authority="Schulze" authorityName="Schulze. We" authorityYear="1899" box="[444,809,1755,1777]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rhabdocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8136109BFCF95F2CAFF90D" box="[444,712,1755,1777]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis</emphasis>
Schulze
</taxonomicName>
, from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactins from side and top, with enlargements of proximal and distal parts of thorned tangential rays. B. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactin from submarginal zone with four tightly grouped tangential rays and enlargement of part of a thornless tangential ray. C. Prostal crucial hypodermal pentactin from same area, with enlarged ray end. D. Dermalia, including main diactins with enlarged ray end, irregular diactin, triactin, stauractin and monactin. E. Atrialia, whole hexactin and pentactin (rare), with enlarged distal and tangential ray tips. F. Parenchymal diactins, whole and enlarged ray tips from thinner (above) to thicker (below) forms. G. Prostal diactin, whole and enlarged middle and end. H. Discoctaster, whole and enlarged centrum and terminal ray tips. I. Oxyhexactin, whole and enlarged centrum. J. Hemioxyhexaster. K. Oxyhexaster. L. Microdiscohexaster.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8236139A87FF132CD6FCDD" blockId="58.[151,1437,151,2003]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
Description. The specimen
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8236139840FF1C2C20FF53" box="[512,583,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">in situ</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8236139818FF132CA7FF53" box="[600,704,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1795,1818]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,193,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-143@56.[166,1422,193,1774]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 27. Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis Schulze, body and surfaces. A. Specimen in situ before collection (laser spacing 10 cm). B. Two sides of main specimen after drying. C. Margin and associated prostal diactins and pentactin veil. D. Lateral body surface in profile with low conules supporting pentactins of veil; note absence of prostal diactins. E. Closer view of submarginal exterior spicules with several extreme paratropal pentactins. F. Lateral dermal surface showing apertures of inhalant canals and surface conules as small stellate figures. G. Closer view of dermal surface showing extremely fine, irregular dermal lattice between three conules. H. Atrial surface showing apertures of exhalant canals covered by loose spicule lattice. I. Closer view of atrial surface showing regular hexactin mesh with protruding distal rays. All from USNM# 1196563." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261326/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 27A</figureCitation>
) was a curved, white, tubular sponge,
<quantity id="4C839B41FF8236139E3CFF132ABFFF53" box="[1148,1240,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="cm" value="15.5">15.5 cm</quantity>
long by
<quantity id="4C839B41FF8236139F00FF132BFBFF53" box="[1344,1436,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="cm" value="10.1">10.1 cm</quantity>
diameter, with well-developed spicule veil and large terminal osculum. The major part of the specimen, but not the basal attachment, was collected, and after drying (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF823613988CFF652D57FF05" box="[716,816,225,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1795,1818]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,193,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-143@56.[166,1422,193,1774]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 27. Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis Schulze, body and surfaces. A. Specimen in situ before collection (laser spacing 10 cm). B. Two sides of main specimen after drying. C. Margin and associated prostal diactins and pentactin veil. D. Lateral body surface in profile with low conules supporting pentactins of veil; note absence of prostal diactins. E. Closer view of submarginal exterior spicules with several extreme paratropal pentactins. F. Lateral dermal surface showing apertures of inhalant canals and surface conules as small stellate figures. G. Closer view of dermal surface showing extremely fine, irregular dermal lattice between three conules. H. Atrial surface showing apertures of exhalant canals covered by loose spicule lattice. I. Closer view of atrial surface showing regular hexactin mesh with protruding distal rays. All from USNM# 1196563." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261326/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 27B</figureCitation>
) is 14.0 cm long by
<quantity id="4C839B41FF8236139E5AFF652A01FF05" box="[1050,1126,225,249]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="cm" value="6.8">6.8 cm</quantity>
in flattened width and wall thickness to 6.0 mm. Prostal diactins project
<quantity id="4C839B41FF82361398D4FE822D6AFEE2" box="[660,781,262,286]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 mm</quantity>
only from the oscular margin (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8236139E2FFE822AB3FEE2" box="[1135,1236,262,286]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1795,1818]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,193,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-143@56.[166,1422,193,1774]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 27. Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis Schulze, body and surfaces. A. Specimen in situ before collection (laser spacing 10 cm). B. Two sides of main specimen after drying. C. Margin and associated prostal diactins and pentactin veil. D. Lateral body surface in profile with low conules supporting pentactins of veil; note absence of prostal diactins. E. Closer view of submarginal exterior spicules with several extreme paratropal pentactins. F. Lateral dermal surface showing apertures of inhalant canals and surface conules as small stellate figures. G. Closer view of dermal surface showing extremely fine, irregular dermal lattice between three conules. H. Atrial surface showing apertures of exhalant canals covered by loose spicule lattice. I. Closer view of atrial surface showing regular hexactin mesh with protruding distal rays. All from USNM# 1196563." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261326/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 27C</figureCitation>
) and a narrow
<quantity id="4C839B41FF8236139FC0FE822EA5FEBE" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
wide band of lateral surface below it; they are not found on most of the lateral surface. Raised hypodermal pentactins forming the veil, all paratropal and thorned, project nearly continuously to
<quantity id="4C839B41FF8236139E29FECB2AA7FE9B" box="[1129,1216,335,359]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
in the diactin zone around the oscular margin and as small groups of 3–8 pentactins to
<quantity id="4C839B41FF82361399CDFEF02D85FE70" box="[909,994,372,396]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="7.3">7.3 mm</quantity>
from the tips of low conules over most of the lateral body surface (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8236139B93FE1D2C5AFE4D" box="[467,573,409,433]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1795,1818]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,193,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-143@56.[166,1422,193,1774]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 27. Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis Schulze, body and surfaces. A. Specimen in situ before collection (laser spacing 10 cm). B. Two sides of main specimen after drying. C. Margin and associated prostal diactins and pentactin veil. D. Lateral body surface in profile with low conules supporting pentactins of veil; note absence of prostal diactins. E. Closer view of submarginal exterior spicules with several extreme paratropal pentactins. F. Lateral dermal surface showing apertures of inhalant canals and surface conules as small stellate figures. G. Closer view of dermal surface showing extremely fine, irregular dermal lattice between three conules. H. Atrial surface showing apertures of exhalant canals covered by loose spicule lattice. I. Closer view of atrial surface showing regular hexactin mesh with protruding distal rays. All from USNM# 1196563." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261326/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 27D</figureCitation>
). Conules are 4.2–6.5–9.2 (n = 36) mm apart and 0.8–1.2–1.5 (n = 16) mm high. Short extremely paratropal pentactins with all four tangential rays emanating as a tight bundle within 15° (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8236139ADFFE672F63FE07" box="[159,260,483,507]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1795,1818]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,193,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-143@56.[166,1422,193,1774]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 27. Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis Schulze, body and surfaces. A. Specimen in situ before collection (laser spacing 10 cm). B. Two sides of main specimen after drying. C. Margin and associated prostal diactins and pentactin veil. D. Lateral body surface in profile with low conules supporting pentactins of veil; note absence of prostal diactins. E. Closer view of submarginal exterior spicules with several extreme paratropal pentactins. F. Lateral dermal surface showing apertures of inhalant canals and surface conules as small stellate figures. G. Closer view of dermal surface showing extremely fine, irregular dermal lattice between three conules. H. Atrial surface showing apertures of exhalant canals covered by loose spicule lattice. I. Closer view of atrial surface showing regular hexactin mesh with protruding distal rays. All from USNM# 1196563." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261326/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 27E</figureCitation>
) occur in the dense veil near the oscular margin but not over the general lateral body veil. The dermal surface is turned in ca
<quantity id="4C839B41FF8236139BD7FD832FBFFDE3" box="[407,472,519,543]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
at the osculum margin forming a narrow diaphragm. The lateral dermal surface (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8236139F2EFD832EA4FDB8" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1795,1818]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,193,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-143@56.[166,1422,193,1774]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 27. Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis Schulze, body and surfaces. A. Specimen in situ before collection (laser spacing 10 cm). B. Two sides of main specimen after drying. C. Margin and associated prostal diactins and pentactin veil. D. Lateral body surface in profile with low conules supporting pentactins of veil; note absence of prostal diactins. E. Closer view of submarginal exterior spicules with several extreme paratropal pentactins. F. Lateral dermal surface showing apertures of inhalant canals and surface conules as small stellate figures. G. Closer view of dermal surface showing extremely fine, irregular dermal lattice between three conules. H. Atrial surface showing apertures of exhalant canals covered by loose spicule lattice. I. Closer view of atrial surface showing regular hexactin mesh with protruding distal rays. All from USNM# 1196563." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261326/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 27F</figureCitation>
) is covered by conspicuous inhalant canals, 1.1–2.1–3.0 (n = 41) mm in diameter, and, although these apertures are covered by a dermal lattice (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8236139842FDD52C0CFD95" box="[514,619,593,617]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1795,1818]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,193,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-143@56.[166,1422,193,1774]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 27. Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis Schulze, body and surfaces. A. Specimen in situ before collection (laser spacing 10 cm). B. Two sides of main specimen after drying. C. Margin and associated prostal diactins and pentactin veil. D. Lateral body surface in profile with low conules supporting pentactins of veil; note absence of prostal diactins. E. Closer view of submarginal exterior spicules with several extreme paratropal pentactins. F. Lateral dermal surface showing apertures of inhalant canals and surface conules as small stellate figures. G. Closer view of dermal surface showing extremely fine, irregular dermal lattice between three conules. H. Atrial surface showing apertures of exhalant canals covered by loose spicule lattice. I. Closer view of atrial surface showing regular hexactin mesh with protruding distal rays. All from USNM# 1196563." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261326/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 27G</figureCitation>
), it is irregular and so delicate and thin that it reflects very little incident light. The atrial surface bears apertures of larger exhalant canals, 1.6–2.9–5.9 (n = 62) mm in diameter, but they are covered by a firm, rather opaque lattice supported by hexactins with longest ray protruding into the atrium (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8236139F23FD1F2E86FD2B" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1795,1818]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,193,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-143@56.[166,1422,193,1774]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 27. Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis Schulze, body and surfaces. A. Specimen in situ before collection (laser spacing 10 cm). B. Two sides of main specimen after drying. C. Margin and associated prostal diactins and pentactin veil. D. Lateral body surface in profile with low conules supporting pentactins of veil; note absence of prostal diactins. E. Closer view of submarginal exterior spicules with several extreme paratropal pentactins. F. Lateral dermal surface showing apertures of inhalant canals and surface conules as small stellate figures. G. Closer view of dermal surface showing extremely fine, irregular dermal lattice between three conules. H. Atrial surface showing apertures of exhalant canals covered by loose spicule lattice. I. Closer view of atrial surface showing regular hexactin mesh with protruding distal rays. All from USNM# 1196563." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261326/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Figs. 27H, I</figureCitation>
). Hypoatrial diactin strands do not support the atrial lattice over the exhalant apertures but are found below the lattice in the wall between the canal apertures. The sponge is very soft and delicate when fresh; color alive is white but when preserved or dried it is light tan.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8236139A87FCAA2F16FA32" blockId="58.[151,1437,151,2003]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
Megascleres: (spicule dimensions are given in
<tableCitation id="C6F9031FFF8236139947FCAA2D14FCBA" box="[775,883,814,838]" captionStart="TABLE 14" captionStartId="59.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 14. Spicule dimensions of Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis, Schulze, 1899, USNM# 1196563, from Aleutian Islands, Alaska (dimensions in µm unless otherwise indicated)." pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Table 14</tableCitation>
). Hypodermal pentactins (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8236139EF5FCAA2B28FCBA" box="[1205,1359,814,838]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="57.[151,250,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,177,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-159@57.[166,1422,177,1733]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 28. Spicules of Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis Schulze, from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactins from side and top, with enlargements of proximal and distal parts of thorned tangential rays. B. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactin from submarginal zone with four tightly grouped tangential rays and enlargement of part of a thornless tangential ray. C. Prostal crucial hypodermal pentactin from same area, with enlarged ray end. D. Dermalia, including main diactins with enlarged ray end, irregular diactin, triactin, stauractin and monactin. E. Atrialia, whole hexactin and pentactin (rare), with enlarged distal and tangential ray tips. F. Parenchymal diactins, whole and enlarged ray tips from thinner (above) to thicker (below) forms. G. Prostal diactin, whole and enlarged middle and end. H. Discoctaster, whole and enlarged centrum and terminal ray tips. I. Oxyhexactin, whole and enlarged centrum. J. Hemioxyhexaster. K. Oxyhexaster. L. Microdiscohexaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261328/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Figs. 28A–C</figureCitation>
) have considerable variation; all of those raised above the lateral surface are large, paratropal and thorned (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8236139F64FCD02BF7FC90" box="[1316,1424,852,876]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="57.[151,250,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,177,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-159@57.[166,1422,177,1733]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 28. Spicules of Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis Schulze, from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactins from side and top, with enlargements of proximal and distal parts of thorned tangential rays. B. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactin from submarginal zone with four tightly grouped tangential rays and enlargement of part of a thornless tangential ray. C. Prostal crucial hypodermal pentactin from same area, with enlarged ray end. D. Dermalia, including main diactins with enlarged ray end, irregular diactin, triactin, stauractin and monactin. E. Atrialia, whole hexactin and pentactin (rare), with enlarged distal and tangential ray tips. F. Parenchymal diactins, whole and enlarged ray tips from thinner (above) to thicker (below) forms. G. Prostal diactin, whole and enlarged middle and end. H. Discoctaster, whole and enlarged centrum and terminal ray tips. I. Oxyhexactin, whole and enlarged centrum. J. Hemioxyhexaster. K. Oxyhexaster. L. Microdiscohexaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261328/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 28A</figureCitation>
). Those within the general lateral surface include both large and small, tangential rays either thorned, smooth or shagreened, and paratropal or crucial in shape. Thorns, up to 94 µm long, are always nearly perpendicular proximally and gradually more inclined distally. Restricted to the dense suboscular veil are small hyper-paratropal (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8236139ADFFC692F64FBF9" box="[159,259,1005,1029]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="57.[151,250,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,177,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-159@57.[166,1422,177,1733]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 28. Spicules of Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis Schulze, from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactins from side and top, with enlargements of proximal and distal parts of thorned tangential rays. B. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactin from submarginal zone with four tightly grouped tangential rays and enlargement of part of a thornless tangential ray. C. Prostal crucial hypodermal pentactin from same area, with enlarged ray end. D. Dermalia, including main diactins with enlarged ray end, irregular diactin, triactin, stauractin and monactin. E. Atrialia, whole hexactin and pentactin (rare), with enlarged distal and tangential ray tips. F. Parenchymal diactins, whole and enlarged ray tips from thinner (above) to thicker (below) forms. G. Prostal diactin, whole and enlarged middle and end. H. Discoctaster, whole and enlarged centrum and terminal ray tips. I. Oxyhexactin, whole and enlarged centrum. J. Hemioxyhexaster. K. Oxyhexaster. L. Microdiscohexaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261328/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 28B</figureCitation>
) and very small crucial (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF823613985DFC692CE6FBF9" box="[541,641,1005,1029]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="57.[151,250,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,177,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-159@57.[166,1422,177,1733]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 28. Spicules of Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis Schulze, from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactins from side and top, with enlargements of proximal and distal parts of thorned tangential rays. B. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactin from submarginal zone with four tightly grouped tangential rays and enlargement of part of a thornless tangential ray. C. Prostal crucial hypodermal pentactin from same area, with enlarged ray end. D. Dermalia, including main diactins with enlarged ray end, irregular diactin, triactin, stauractin and monactin. E. Atrialia, whole hexactin and pentactin (rare), with enlarged distal and tangential ray tips. F. Parenchymal diactins, whole and enlarged ray tips from thinner (above) to thicker (below) forms. G. Prostal diactin, whole and enlarged middle and end. H. Discoctaster, whole and enlarged centrum and terminal ray tips. I. Oxyhexactin, whole and enlarged centrum. J. Hemioxyhexaster. K. Oxyhexaster. L. Microdiscohexaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261328/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 28C</figureCitation>
) forms, both with shagreened tangential rays. Dermalia (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8236139F44FC692B0DFBF9" box="[1284,1386,1005,1029]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="57.[151,250,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,177,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-159@57.[166,1422,177,1733]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 28. Spicules of Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis Schulze, from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactins from side and top, with enlargements of proximal and distal parts of thorned tangential rays. B. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactin from submarginal zone with four tightly grouped tangential rays and enlargement of part of a thornless tangential ray. C. Prostal crucial hypodermal pentactin from same area, with enlarged ray end. D. Dermalia, including main diactins with enlarged ray end, irregular diactin, triactin, stauractin and monactin. E. Atrialia, whole hexactin and pentactin (rare), with enlarged distal and tangential ray tips. F. Parenchymal diactins, whole and enlarged ray tips from thinner (above) to thicker (below) forms. G. Prostal diactin, whole and enlarged middle and end. H. Discoctaster, whole and enlarged centrum and terminal ray tips. I. Oxyhexactin, whole and enlarged centrum. J. Hemioxyhexaster. K. Oxyhexaster. L. Microdiscohexaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261328/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 28D</figureCitation>
) are mainly diactins (97%), with all other varieties, monactins, irregular diactins, triactins, tetractins, less than 1% each. These have slightly tapered rays ending in abruptly sharp or parabolic tips; they are entirely finely spined and vary in degree of formation of the knobs at the axial cross—typically the diactins have two, sometimes one reduced ray knob, but never indication of four reduced rays. Atrialia (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8236139955FB012D10FB61" box="[789,887,1157,1181]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="57.[151,250,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,177,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-159@57.[166,1422,177,1733]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 28. Spicules of Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis Schulze, from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactins from side and top, with enlargements of proximal and distal parts of thorned tangential rays. B. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactin from submarginal zone with four tightly grouped tangential rays and enlargement of part of a thornless tangential ray. C. Prostal crucial hypodermal pentactin from same area, with enlarged ray end. D. Dermalia, including main diactins with enlarged ray end, irregular diactin, triactin, stauractin and monactin. E. Atrialia, whole hexactin and pentactin (rare), with enlarged distal and tangential ray tips. F. Parenchymal diactins, whole and enlarged ray tips from thinner (above) to thicker (below) forms. G. Prostal diactin, whole and enlarged middle and end. H. Discoctaster, whole and enlarged centrum and terminal ray tips. I. Oxyhexactin, whole and enlarged centrum. J. Hemioxyhexaster. K. Oxyhexaster. L. Microdiscohexaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261328/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 28E</figureCitation>
) are subpinular hexactins (99+%) and a very few pentactins (&lt;0.1%); the projecting distal ray is longer and has larger spines than the other rays. Rays are tapered, entirely smooth only in the proximal third, and end in pointed tips. Parenchymal diactins (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8236139E85FB552B4DFB15" box="[1221,1322,1233,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="57.[151,250,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,177,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-159@57.[166,1422,177,1733]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 28. Spicules of Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis Schulze, from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactins from side and top, with enlargements of proximal and distal parts of thorned tangential rays. B. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactin from submarginal zone with four tightly grouped tangential rays and enlargement of part of a thornless tangential ray. C. Prostal crucial hypodermal pentactin from same area, with enlarged ray end. D. Dermalia, including main diactins with enlarged ray end, irregular diactin, triactin, stauractin and monactin. E. Atrialia, whole hexactin and pentactin (rare), with enlarged distal and tangential ray tips. F. Parenchymal diactins, whole and enlarged ray tips from thinner (above) to thicker (below) forms. G. Prostal diactin, whole and enlarged middle and end. H. Discoctaster, whole and enlarged centrum and terminal ray tips. I. Oxyhexactin, whole and enlarged centrum. J. Hemioxyhexaster. K. Oxyhexaster. L. Microdiscohexaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261328/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 28F</figureCitation>
) are here arbitrarily divided into thicker (&gt;
<quantity id="4C839B41FF823613984FFB732C07FAF3" box="[527,608,1271,1295]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
thick, as principalia) and thinner (&lt;35 µm thick) subgroups, but diactin length and width are probably continuously variable from prostal diactins to the smallest comitalia. Parenchymal diactins are mainly sinuously curved spicules, cylindrical and smooth, with rough ends terminating in rounded or very bluntly sharp tips. Prostal diactins (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8236139831FAEE2CBBFA7E" box="[625,732,1386,1410]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="57.[151,250,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,177,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-159@57.[166,1422,177,1733]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 28. Spicules of Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis Schulze, from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactins from side and top, with enlargements of proximal and distal parts of thorned tangential rays. B. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactin from submarginal zone with four tightly grouped tangential rays and enlargement of part of a thornless tangential ray. C. Prostal crucial hypodermal pentactin from same area, with enlarged ray end. D. Dermalia, including main diactins with enlarged ray end, irregular diactin, triactin, stauractin and monactin. E. Atrialia, whole hexactin and pentactin (rare), with enlarged distal and tangential ray tips. F. Parenchymal diactins, whole and enlarged ray tips from thinner (above) to thicker (below) forms. G. Prostal diactin, whole and enlarged middle and end. H. Discoctaster, whole and enlarged centrum and terminal ray tips. I. Oxyhexactin, whole and enlarged centrum. J. Hemioxyhexaster. K. Oxyhexaster. L. Microdiscohexaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261328/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 28G</figureCitation>
), easily identified by their projection from the upper dermal surface, are mostly smooth, occasionally shagreened in patches, and have rough rounded tips; their axial cross could not be found.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8236139A87FA582F59F82F" blockId="58.[151,1437,151,2003]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
Microscleres include one class of discoctasters, a suite of oxy-tipped forms consisting of oxyhexactins (80%), hemioxyhexasters (15%) and oxyhexasters (5%), and microdiscohexasters. The discoctasters (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8236139EF4F9852B7EF9E5" box="[1204,1305,1537,1561]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="57.[151,250,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,177,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-159@57.[166,1422,177,1733]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 28. Spicules of Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis Schulze, from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactins from side and top, with enlargements of proximal and distal parts of thorned tangential rays. B. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactin from submarginal zone with four tightly grouped tangential rays and enlargement of part of a thornless tangential ray. C. Prostal crucial hypodermal pentactin from same area, with enlarged ray end. D. Dermalia, including main diactins with enlarged ray end, irregular diactin, triactin, stauractin and monactin. E. Atrialia, whole hexactin and pentactin (rare), with enlarged distal and tangential ray tips. F. Parenchymal diactins, whole and enlarged ray tips from thinner (above) to thicker (below) forms. G. Prostal diactin, whole and enlarged middle and end. H. Discoctaster, whole and enlarged centrum and terminal ray tips. I. Oxyhexactin, whole and enlarged centrum. J. Hemioxyhexaster. K. Oxyhexaster. L. Microdiscohexaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261328/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 28H</figureCitation>
) have short primary rays, each bearing 5–9–12 long, rough terminal rays that splay strongly outward in floricoidal pattern and end in marginally serrate discs with 4–7 marginal teeth that project proximally. Interradial knobs are short and hemispheric. Discoctasters occur primarily in atrial and subatrial tissues and are entirely absent in dermal or subdermal tissues. Oxyhexactins (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8236139854F9102C09F950" box="[532,622,1684,1708]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="57.[151,250,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,177,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-159@57.[166,1422,177,1733]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 28. Spicules of Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis Schulze, from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactins from side and top, with enlargements of proximal and distal parts of thorned tangential rays. B. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactin from submarginal zone with four tightly grouped tangential rays and enlargement of part of a thornless tangential ray. C. Prostal crucial hypodermal pentactin from same area, with enlarged ray end. D. Dermalia, including main diactins with enlarged ray end, irregular diactin, triactin, stauractin and monactin. E. Atrialia, whole hexactin and pentactin (rare), with enlarged distal and tangential ray tips. F. Parenchymal diactins, whole and enlarged ray tips from thinner (above) to thicker (below) forms. G. Prostal diactin, whole and enlarged middle and end. H. Discoctaster, whole and enlarged centrum and terminal ray tips. I. Oxyhexactin, whole and enlarged centrum. J. Hemioxyhexaster. K. Oxyhexaster. L. Microdiscohexaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261328/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 28I</figureCitation>
) have straight, tapering, finely rough rays that lack a basal inflation. The reclined spines are more dense basally, but they do not form a striking skirt at the centrum. Hemioxyhexasters (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8236139F2FF93D2ED8F90A" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="57.[151,250,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,177,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-159@57.[166,1422,177,1733]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 28. Spicules of Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis Schulze, from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactins from side and top, with enlargements of proximal and distal parts of thorned tangential rays. B. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactin from submarginal zone with four tightly grouped tangential rays and enlargement of part of a thornless tangential ray. C. Prostal crucial hypodermal pentactin from same area, with enlarged ray end. D. Dermalia, including main diactins with enlarged ray end, irregular diactin, triactin, stauractin and monactin. E. Atrialia, whole hexactin and pentactin (rare), with enlarged distal and tangential ray tips. F. Parenchymal diactins, whole and enlarged ray tips from thinner (above) to thicker (below) forms. G. Prostal diactin, whole and enlarged middle and end. H. Discoctaster, whole and enlarged centrum and terminal ray tips. I. Oxyhexactin, whole and enlarged centrum. J. Hemioxyhexaster. K. Oxyhexaster. L. Microdiscohexaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261328/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 28J</figureCitation>
) have extremely short primary rays, each supporting 1–3 terminal rays with same form and orientation as those of oxyhexactins. Oxyhexasters (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8236139845F8872C0AF8E7" box="[517,621,1795,1819]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="57.[151,250,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,177,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-159@57.[166,1422,177,1733]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 28. Spicules of Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis Schulze, from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactins from side and top, with enlargements of proximal and distal parts of thorned tangential rays. B. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactin from submarginal zone with four tightly grouped tangential rays and enlargement of part of a thornless tangential ray. C. Prostal crucial hypodermal pentactin from same area, with enlarged ray end. D. Dermalia, including main diactins with enlarged ray end, irregular diactin, triactin, stauractin and monactin. E. Atrialia, whole hexactin and pentactin (rare), with enlarged distal and tangential ray tips. F. Parenchymal diactins, whole and enlarged ray tips from thinner (above) to thicker (below) forms. G. Prostal diactin, whole and enlarged middle and end. H. Discoctaster, whole and enlarged centrum and terminal ray tips. I. Oxyhexactin, whole and enlarged centrum. J. Hemioxyhexaster. K. Oxyhexaster. L. Microdiscohexaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261328/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 28K</figureCitation>
) are similar, with each primary ray supporting 2–4 terminal rays. Very few smaller oxyhexasters with hooked ray ends occur in spicule preparations, but it remains uncertain if these are proper or contaminants. The size gradation of smaller hexasters, larger hemihexasters, and largest hexactins seen in most lyssacinosids is exhibited here. Microdiscohexasters (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8236139903F8F52DCDF875" box="[835,938,1905,1929]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="57.[151,250,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,177,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-159@57.[166,1422,177,1733]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 28. Spicules of Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis Schulze, from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactins from side and top, with enlargements of proximal and distal parts of thorned tangential rays. B. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactin from submarginal zone with four tightly grouped tangential rays and enlargement of part of a thornless tangential ray. C. Prostal crucial hypodermal pentactin from same area, with enlarged ray end. D. Dermalia, including main diactins with enlarged ray end, irregular diactin, triactin, stauractin and monactin. E. Atrialia, whole hexactin and pentactin (rare), with enlarged distal and tangential ray tips. F. Parenchymal diactins, whole and enlarged ray tips from thinner (above) to thicker (below) forms. G. Prostal diactin, whole and enlarged middle and end. H. Discoctaster, whole and enlarged centrum and terminal ray tips. I. Oxyhexactin, whole and enlarged centrum. J. Hemioxyhexaster. K. Oxyhexaster. L. Microdiscohexaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261328/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 28L</figureCitation>
) have short, very thick primary rays, each supporting numerous (6–12) straight, curved or sinuous terminal rays ending in minute discs. They occur only in dermal tissues.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF04662CFF8336129AD7FF132C87FF33" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" startId="59.[151,239,151,175]">
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8336129AD7FF132BFBFF53" blockId="59.[151,1436,151,207]" box="[151,1436,151,175]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8336129AD7FF132F7FFF53" bold="true" box="[151,280,151,175]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">TABLE 14.</emphasis>
Spicule dimensions of
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8336129856FF1C2DB4FF53" authority=", Schulze, 1899" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1899" box="[534,979,152,175]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rhabdocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8336129856FF1C2D57FF53" box="[534,816,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis,</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FF8336129978FF1C2DB4FF53" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[824,979,152,175]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref37688" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1899) Amerikanische Hexactinelliden, nach dem Materiale der Albatross-Expedition. Fischer, Jena. 126 pp, 19 pls." type="book" year="1899">Schulze, 1899</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, USNM# 1196563, from Aleutian Islands,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8336129AD7FF3C2C87FF33" blockId="59.[151,1436,151,207]" box="[151,736,184,207]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Alaska (dimensions in µm unless otherwise indicated).</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8336129BE6FF752B0BF81B" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<table id="F97BC404FF83C9D69AE5FF742B0BF81B" box="[165,1388,240,2023]" colsContinueFrom="54.[165,1395,240,1768]" gridcols="5" gridrows="41" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FF742B0BFEFA" box="[165,1388,240,262]" gridrow="0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FF742C42FEFA" box="[165,549,240,262]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">parameter</th>
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908FF742DE6FEFA" box="[840,897,240,262]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">mean</th>
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AFF742A61FEFA" box="[986,1030,240,262]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">s. d.</th>
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CFF742A8CFEFA" box="[1132,1259,240,262]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">range</th>
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13FF742B0BFEFA" box="[1363,1388,240,262]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">n</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FE982B0BFECE" box="[165,1388,284,306]" gridrow="1" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FE982B0BFECE" box="[165,1388,284,306]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Large hypodermal pentactin (normal)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FECC2B0BFEA2" box="[165,1388,328,350]" gridrow="2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FECC2C42FEA2" box="[165,549,328,350]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">tangential ray length (mm)</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908FECC2DE6FEA2" box="[840,897,328,350]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">9.2</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AFECC2A61FEA2" box="[986,1030,328,350]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">1.4</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CFECC2A8CFEA2" box="[1132,1259,328,350]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">4.5–12.3</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13FECC2B0BFEA2" box="[1363,1388,328,350]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FEF02B0BFE76" box="[165,1388,372,394]" gridrow="3" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FEF02C42FE76" box="[165,549,372,394]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">tangential ray width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908FEF02DE6FE76" box="[840,897,372,394]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">81.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AFEF02A61FE76" box="[986,1030,372,394]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">11.3</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CFEF02A8CFE76" box="[1132,1259,372,394]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">44.8–95.1</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13FEF02B0BFE76" box="[1363,1388,372,394]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FE242B0BFE4A" box="[165,1388,416,438]" gridrow="4" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FE242C42FE4A" box="[165,549,416,438]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">proximal ray length (mm)</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908FE242DE6FE4A" box="[840,897,416,438]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">10.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AFE242A61FE4A" box="[986,1030,416,438]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">1.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CFE242A8CFE4A" box="[1132,1259,416,438]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">7.8–12.1</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13FE242B0BFE4A" box="[1363,1388,416,438]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FE482B0BFE1E" box="[165,1388,460,482]" gridrow="5" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FE482C42FE1E" box="[165,549,460,482]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">proximal ray width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908FE482DE6FE1E" box="[840,897,460,482]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">91.1</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AFE482A61FE1E" box="[986,1030,460,482]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">11.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CFE482A8CFE1E" box="[1132,1259,460,482]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">60.8–107.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13FE482B0BFE1E" box="[1363,1388,460,482]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FE7C2B0BFDF2" box="[165,1388,504,526]" gridrow="6" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FE7C2B0BFDF2" box="[165,1388,504,526]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Small hypodermal pentactin (marginal)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FDA02B0BFDC6" box="[165,1388,548,570]" gridrow="7" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FDA02C42FDC6" box="[165,549,548,570]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">tangential ray length (mm)</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908FDA02DE6FDC6" box="[840,897,548,570]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">1.52</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AFDA02A61FDC6" box="[986,1030,548,570]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">0.26</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CFDA02A8CFDC6" box="[1132,1259,548,570]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">0.61–2.87</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13FDA02B0BFDC6" box="[1363,1388,548,570]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">87</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FDD42B0BFD9A" box="[165,1388,592,614]" gridrow="8" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FDD42C42FD9A" box="[165,549,592,614]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">tangential ray width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908FDD42DE6FD9A" box="[840,897,592,614]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">15.8</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AFDD42A61FD9A" box="[986,1030,592,614]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">3.2</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CFDD42A8CFD9A" box="[1132,1259,592,614]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">9.6–23.5</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13FDD42B0BFD9A" box="[1363,1388,592,614]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FDF82B0BFD6E" box="[165,1388,636,658]" gridrow="9" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FDF82C42FD6E" box="[165,549,636,658]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">proximal ray length (mm)</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908FDF82DE6FD6E" box="[840,897,636,658]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">2.57</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AFDF82A61FD6E" box="[986,1030,636,658]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">1.22</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CFDF82A8CFD6E" box="[1132,1259,636,658]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">0.91–5.91</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13FDF82B0BFD6E" box="[1363,1388,636,658]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">45</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FD2C2B0BFD42" box="[165,1388,680,702]" gridrow="10" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FD2C2C42FD42" box="[165,549,680,702]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">proximal ray width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908FD2C2DE6FD42" box="[840,897,680,702]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">16.5</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AFD2C2A61FD42" box="[986,1030,680,702]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">3.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CFD2C2A8CFD42" box="[1132,1259,680,702]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">9.7–21.7</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13FD2C2B0BFD42" box="[1363,1388,680,702]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FD502B0BFD16" box="[165,1388,724,746]" gridrow="11" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FD502C42FD16" box="[165,549,724,746]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Diactin dermalia, total length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908FD502DE6FD16" box="[840,897,724,746]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">334</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AFD502A61FD16" box="[986,1030,724,746]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">61</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CFD502A8CFD16" box="[1132,1259,724,746]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">204–462</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13FD502B0BFD16" box="[1363,1388,724,746]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">73</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FC842B0BFCEA" box="[165,1388,768,790]" gridrow="12" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FC842C42FCEA" box="[165,549,768,790]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908FC842DE6FCEA" box="[840,897,768,790]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">8.9</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AFC842A61FCEA" box="[986,1030,768,790]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">2.3</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CFC842A8CFCEA" box="[1132,1259,768,790]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">3.7–14.6</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13FC842B0BFCEA" box="[1363,1388,768,790]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FCA82B0BFCBE" box="[165,1388,812,834]" gridrow="13" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FCA82C42FCBE" box="[165,549,812,834]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Triactin dermalia, unpaired ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908FCA82DE6FCBE" box="[840,897,812,834]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">100</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AFCA82A61FCBE" box="[986,1030,812,834]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">25</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CFCA82A8CFCBE" box="[1132,1259,812,834]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">52–147</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13FCA82B0BFCBE" box="[1363,1388,812,834]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FCDC2B0BFC92" box="[165,1388,856,878]" gridrow="14" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FCDC2C42FC92" box="[165,549,856,878]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">shortest ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908FCDC2DE6FC92" box="[840,897,856,878]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">37.3</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AFCDC2A61FC92" box="[986,1030,856,878]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">13.7</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CFCDC2A8CFC92" box="[1132,1259,856,878]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">17.3–77.4</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13FCDC2B0BFC92" box="[1363,1388,856,878]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FC002B0BFC66" box="[165,1388,900,922]" gridrow="15" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FC002C42FC66" box="[165,549,900,922]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Monactin dermalia length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908FC002DE6FC66" box="[840,897,900,922]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">208</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AFC002A61FC66" box="[986,1030,900,922]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">48</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CFC002A8CFC66" box="[1132,1259,900,922]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">132–314</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13FC002B0BFC66" box="[1363,1388,900,922]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">11</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FC342B0BFC3A" box="[165,1388,944,966]" gridrow="16" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FC342C42FC3A" box="[165,549,944,966]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Hexactin atrialia tangential ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908FC342DE6FC3A" box="[840,897,944,966]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">244</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AFC342A61FC3A" box="[986,1030,944,966]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">30</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CFC342A8CFC3A" box="[1132,1259,944,966]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">191–316</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13FC342B0BFC3A" box="[1363,1388,944,966]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">66</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FC582B0BFC0E" box="[165,1388,988,1010]" gridrow="17" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FC582C42FC0E" box="[165,549,988,1010]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908FC582DE6FC0E" box="[840,897,988,1010]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">16.5</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AFC582A61FC0E" box="[986,1030,988,1010]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">1.8</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CFC582A8CFC0E" box="[1132,1259,988,1010]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">11.6–21.6</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13FC582B0BFC0E" box="[1363,1388,988,1010]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FB8C2B0BFBE2" box="[165,1388,1032,1054]" gridrow="18" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FB8C2C42FBE2" box="[165,549,1032,1054]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">free (distal) ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908FB8C2DE6FBE2" box="[840,897,1032,1054]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">334</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AFB8C2A61FBE2" box="[986,1030,1032,1054]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">39</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CFB8C2A8CFBE2" box="[1132,1259,1032,1054]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">249–447</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13FB8C2B0BFBE2" box="[1363,1388,1032,1054]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">66</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FBB02B0BFBB6" box="[165,1388,1076,1098]" gridrow="19" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FBB02C42FBB6" box="[165,549,1076,1098]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908FBB02DE6FBB6" box="[840,897,1076,1098]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">16.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AFBB02A61FBB6" box="[986,1030,1076,1098]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">1.8</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CFBB02A8CFBB6" box="[1132,1259,1076,1098]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">12.7–19.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13FBB02B0BFBB6" box="[1363,1388,1076,1098]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FBE42B0BFB8A" box="[165,1388,1120,1142]" gridrow="20" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FBE42C42FB8A" box="[165,549,1120,1142]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">internal (proximal) ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908FBE42DE6FB8A" box="[840,897,1120,1142]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">206</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AFBE42A61FB8A" box="[986,1030,1120,1142]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">25</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CFBE42A8CFB8A" box="[1132,1259,1120,1142]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">153–287</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13FBE42B0BFB8A" box="[1363,1388,1120,1142]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FB082B0BFB5E" box="[165,1388,1164,1186]" gridrow="21" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FB082C42FB5E" box="[165,549,1164,1186]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908FB082DE6FB5E" box="[840,897,1164,1186]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">15.4</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AFB082A61FB5E" box="[986,1030,1164,1186]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">2.1</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CFB082A8CFB5E" box="[1132,1259,1164,1186]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">11.6–20.5</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13FB082B0BFB5E" box="[1363,1388,1164,1186]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FB3C2B0BFB32" box="[165,1388,1208,1230]" gridrow="22" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FB3C2C42FB32" box="[165,549,1208,1230]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Principal diactin length (mm)</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908FB3C2DE6FB32" box="[840,897,1208,1230]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">15.85</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AFB3C2A61FB32" box="[986,1030,1208,1230]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">2.5</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CFB3C2A8CFB32" box="[1132,1259,1208,1230]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">11.7–21.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13FB3C2B0BFB32" box="[1363,1388,1208,1230]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FB602B0BFB06" box="[165,1388,1252,1274]" gridrow="23" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FB602C42FB06" box="[165,549,1252,1274]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908FB602DE6FB06" box="[840,897,1252,1274]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">57.3</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AFB602A61FB06" box="[986,1030,1252,1274]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">17.9</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CFB602A8CFB06" box="[1132,1259,1252,1274]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">35.5–113.1</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13FB602B0BFB06" box="[1363,1388,1252,1274]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FA942B0BFADA" box="[165,1388,1296,1318]" gridrow="24" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FA942C42FADA" box="[165,549,1296,1318]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Parenchymal diactin length (mm)</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908FA942DE6FADA" box="[840,897,1296,1318]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">4.44</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AFA942A61FADA" box="[986,1030,1296,1318]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">3.24</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CFA942A8CFADA" box="[1132,1259,1296,1318]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">0.73–13.28</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13FA942B0BFADA" box="[1363,1388,1296,1318]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">80</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FAB82B0BFAAE" box="[165,1388,1340,1362]" gridrow="25" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FAB82C42FAAE" box="[165,549,1340,1362]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908FAB82DE6FAAE" box="[840,897,1340,1362]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">16.3</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AFAB82A61FAAE" box="[986,1030,1340,1362]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">6.5</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CFAB82A8CFAAE" box="[1132,1259,1340,1362]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">5.8–32.6</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13FAB82B0BFAAE" box="[1363,1388,1340,1362]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FAEC2B0BFA82" box="[165,1388,1384,1406]" gridrow="26" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FAEC2C42FA82" box="[165,549,1384,1406]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Prostal diactin length (mm)</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908FAEC2DE6FA82" box="[840,897,1384,1406]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">13.5</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AFAEC2A61FA82" box="[986,1030,1384,1406]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">2.9</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CFAEC2A8CFA82" box="[1132,1259,1384,1406]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">7.7–19.9</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13FAEC2B0BFA82" box="[1363,1388,1384,1406]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">33</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FA102B0BFA56" box="[165,1388,1428,1450]" gridrow="27" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FA102C42FA56" box="[165,549,1428,1450]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908FA102DE6FA56" box="[840,897,1428,1450]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">62.1</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AFA102A61FA56" box="[986,1030,1428,1450]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">13.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CFA102A8CFA56" box="[1132,1259,1428,1450]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">32.6–86.6</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13FA102B0BFA56" box="[1363,1388,1428,1450]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">44</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FA442B0BFA2A" box="[165,1388,1472,1494]" gridrow="28" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FA442C42FA2A" box="[165,549,1472,1494]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Discoctaster diameter</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908FA442DE6FA2A" box="[840,897,1472,1494]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">162.9</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AFA442A61FA2A" box="[986,1030,1472,1494]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">8.4</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CFA442A8CFA2A" box="[1132,1259,1472,1494]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">144.5–180.4</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13FA442B0BFA2A" box="[1363,1388,1472,1494]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">68</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5FA682B0BF9FE" box="[165,1388,1516,1538]" gridrow="29" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5FA682C42F9FE" box="[165,549,1516,1538]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">primary ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908FA682DE6F9FE" box="[840,897,1516,1538]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">24.2</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AFA682A61F9FE" box="[986,1030,1516,1538]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">2.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CFA682A8CF9FE" box="[1132,1259,1516,1538]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">20.1–27.7</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13FA682B0BF9FE" box="[1363,1388,1516,1538]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5F99D2B0BF9D3" box="[165,1388,1561,1583]" gridrow="30" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5F99D2C42F9D3" box="[165,549,1561,1583]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">secondary ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908F99D2DE6F9D3" box="[840,897,1561,1583]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">57.7</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AF99D2A61F9D3" box="[986,1030,1561,1583]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">3.3</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CF99D2A8CF9D3" box="[1132,1259,1561,1583]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">50.7–65.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13F99D2B0BF9D3" box="[1363,1388,1561,1583]" gridcol="4" gridrow="30" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5F9C02B0BF9A6" box="[165,1388,1604,1626]" gridrow="31" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5F9C02C42F9A6" box="[165,549,1604,1626]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Oxyhexactin diameter</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908F9C02DE6F9A6" box="[840,897,1604,1626]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">150</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AF9C02A61F9A6" box="[986,1030,1604,1626]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">30</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CF9C02A8CF9A6" box="[1132,1259,1604,1626]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">89–232</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13F9C02B0BF9A6" box="[1363,1388,1604,1626]" gridcol="4" gridrow="31" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5F9F52B0BF97B" box="[165,1388,1649,1671]" gridrow="32" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5F9F52C42F97B" box="[165,549,1649,1671]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Hemioxyhexaster diameter</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908F9F52DE6F97B" box="[840,897,1649,1671]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">122</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AF9F52A61F97B" box="[986,1030,1649,1671]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">23</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CF9F52A8CF97B" box="[1132,1259,1649,1671]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">78–183</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13F9F52B0BF97B" box="[1363,1388,1649,1671]" gridcol="4" gridrow="32" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5F9182B0BF94E" box="[165,1388,1692,1714]" gridrow="33" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5F9182C42F94E" box="[165,549,1692,1714]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">primary ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908F9182DE6F94E" box="[840,897,1692,1714]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">4.8</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AF9182A61F94E" box="[986,1030,1692,1714]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">1.1</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CF9182A8CF94E" box="[1132,1259,1692,1714]" gridcol="3" gridrow="33" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">2.9–7.5</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13F9182B0BF94E" box="[1363,1388,1692,1714]" gridcol="4" gridrow="33" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5F94D2B0BF923" box="[165,1388,1737,1759]" gridrow="34" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5F94D2C42F923" box="[165,549,1737,1759]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">secondary ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908F94D2DE6F923" box="[840,897,1737,1759]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">56.2</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AF94D2A61F923" box="[986,1030,1737,1759]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">11.2</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CF94D2A8CF923" box="[1132,1259,1737,1759]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">34.8–86.8</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13F94D2B0BF923" box="[1363,1388,1737,1759]" gridcol="4" gridrow="34" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5F9702B0BF8F6" box="[165,1388,1780,1802]" gridrow="35" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5F9702C42F8F6" box="[165,549,1780,1802]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Oxyhexaster diameter</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908F9702DE6F8F6" box="[840,897,1780,1802]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">96.6</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AF9702A61F8F6" box="[986,1030,1780,1802]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">13.8</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CF9702A8CF8F6" box="[1132,1259,1780,1802]" gridcol="3" gridrow="35" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">71.8–134.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13F9702B0BF8F6" box="[1363,1388,1780,1802]" gridcol="4" gridrow="35" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">65</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5F8A52B0BF8CB" box="[165,1388,1825,1847]" gridrow="36" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5F8A52C42F8CB" box="[165,549,1825,1847]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">primary ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908F8A52DE6F8CB" box="[840,897,1825,1847]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">4.4</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AF8A52A61F8CB" box="[986,1030,1825,1847]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">0.9</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CF8A52A8CF8CB" box="[1132,1259,1825,1847]" gridcol="3" gridrow="36" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">2.8–7.7</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13F8A52B0BF8CB" box="[1363,1388,1825,1847]" gridcol="4" gridrow="36" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5F8C82B0BF89E" box="[165,1388,1868,1890]" gridrow="37" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5F8C82C42F89E" box="[165,549,1868,1890]" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">secondary ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908F8C82DE6F89E" box="[840,897,1868,1890]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">43.7</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AF8C82A61F89E" box="[986,1030,1868,1890]" gridcol="2" gridrow="37" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">7.2</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CF8C82A8CF89E" box="[1132,1259,1868,1890]" gridcol="3" gridrow="37" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">33.4–65.4</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13F8C82B0BF89E" box="[1363,1388,1868,1890]" gridcol="4" gridrow="37" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5F8FD2B0BF873" box="[165,1388,1913,1935]" gridrow="38" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5F8FD2C42F873" box="[165,549,1913,1935]" gridcol="0" gridrow="38" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Microdiscohexaster diameter</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908F8FD2DE6F873" box="[840,897,1913,1935]" gridcol="1" gridrow="38" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">29.2</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AF8FD2A61F873" box="[986,1030,1913,1935]" gridcol="2" gridrow="38" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">3.4</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CF8FD2A8CF873" box="[1132,1259,1913,1935]" gridcol="3" gridrow="38" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">21.3–40.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13F8FD2B0BF873" box="[1363,1388,1913,1935]" gridcol="4" gridrow="38" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">55</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5F8212B0BF847" box="[165,1388,1957,1979]" gridrow="39" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5F8212C42F847" box="[165,549,1957,1979]" gridcol="0" gridrow="39" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">primary ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908F8212DE6F847" box="[840,897,1957,1979]" gridcol="1" gridrow="39" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">4.2</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AF8212A61F847" box="[986,1030,1957,1979]" gridcol="2" gridrow="39" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">0.7</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CF8212A8CF847" box="[1132,1259,1957,1979]" gridcol="3" gridrow="39" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">3.0–6.9</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13F8212B0BF847" box="[1363,1388,1957,1979]" gridcol="4" gridrow="39" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF83C9D69AE5F8552B0BF81B" box="[165,1388,2001,2023]" gridrow="40" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<th id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69AE5F8552C42F81B" box="[165,549,2001,2023]" gridcol="0" gridrow="40" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">secondary ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69908F8552DE6F81B" box="[840,897,2001,2023]" gridcol="1" gridrow="40" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">10.5</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D6999AF8552A61F81B" box="[986,1030,2001,2023]" gridcol="2" gridrow="40" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">1.5</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69E2CF8552A8CF81B" box="[1132,1259,2001,2023]" gridcol="3" gridrow="40" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">6.3–15.3</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF83C9D69F13F8552B0BF81B" box="[1363,1388,2001,2023]" gridcol="4" gridrow="40" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">50</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8436159A87FF132D82FC58" blockId="60.[150,1436,151,1004]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
Remarks. The new described specimen has large thorned hypodermal pentactins distributed sparsely within the outer lateral body surface and discoctasters and is thus a member of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8436159E47FF382ADCFF28" authorityName="Tabachnick 2002:" authorityYear="1449" box="[1031,1211,188,212]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rhabdocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8436159E47FF382ADCFF28" box="[1031,1211,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Rhabdocalyptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The new specimen can be excluded from four of the five known species of the genus that have diactins as their principal dermal spicules.
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8436159B40FE802CAEFEE0" authority="Topsent, 1901" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1901" box="[256,713,260,284]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rhabdocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8436159B40FE802C78FEE0" box="[256,543,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Rhabdocalyptus australis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FF8436159867FE802CAEFEE0" author="Topsent, E." box="[551,713,260,284]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="v - xvi" refId="ref38228" refString="Topsent, E. (1901). Notice preliminaire sur les eponges recueillies par l'Expedition antarctique belge. Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generale, (3) 9 (Notes et Revue), v - xvi." type="journal article" year="1901">Topsent, 1901</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from
<collectingCountry id="F36C7634FF8436159955FE802DEBFEE0" box="[789,908,260,284]" name="Antarctica" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
, has atrial spicules with equal ray lengths, has octasters with cylindrical terminal ray tufts, and has no discohexasters.
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8436159999FEAC2BF0FEC3" authority="Ijima, 1897" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1897" box="[985,1431,295,320]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rhabdocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="capillatus">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8436159999FEAC2B62FEBC" box="[985,1285,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Rhabdocalyptus capillatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FF8436159F50FEA32BF0FEC3" author="Ijima, I." box="[1296,1431,295,319]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="43 - 59" refId="ref35646" refString="Ijima, I. (1897) Revision of hexactinellids with discoctasters, with descriptions of five new species. Annotationes zoologicae japonenses, 1 (1 - 2), 43 - 59." type="journal article" year="1897">Ijima, 1897</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from
<collectingCountry id="F36C7634FF8436159A95FEC82F7FFE9F" box="[213,280,332,355]" name="Japan" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Japan</collectingCountry>
, has smaller atrial spicules (tangential ray length 126–220 µm vs 191–316 µm here) and much smaller discoctasters (diameter 76–94–110 µm vs 144–163–180 µm here).
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF84361599E2FEF42B31FE7B" authority="Schulze, 1886" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1886" box="[930,1366,367,392]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rhabdocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mollis">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF84361599E2FEF42AC0FE74" box="[930,1191,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Rhabdocalyptus mollis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FF8436159EF1FEEB2B31FE7B" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[1201,1366,367,391]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 97" refId="ref37479" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1886) Uber den Bau und das System der Hexactinelliden. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin (Physikalisch-Mathematische Classe), 1886, 1 - 97." type="journal article" year="1886">Schulze, 1886</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from
<collectingCountry id="F36C7634FF8436159AD7FE102EBEFE57" box="[151,217,404,427]" name="Japan" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Japan</collectingCountry>
, has atrialia with equal length rays, discoctasters that are mainly subdermal, and smaller discohexasters (diameter 22–27 µm vs 21–40 µm here).
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF84361598D1FE3C2A1BFE33" authority="Ijima, 1904" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1904" box="[657,1148,439,464]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rhabdocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="unguiculatus">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF84361598D1FE3C2D83FE2C" box="[657,996,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Rhabdocalyptus unguiculatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FF84361599B1FE332A1BFE33" author="Ijima, I." box="[1009,1148,439,463]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 307" refId="ref35803" refString="Ijima, I. (1904) Studies on the Hexactinellida. Contribution IV. (Rossellidae). Journal of the College of Sciences, Imperial University of Tokyo, 18 (7), 1 - 307, pls I - XXIII." type="journal article" year="1904">Ijima, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from
<collectingCountry id="F36C7634FF8436159E92FE3C2B72FE33" box="[1234,1301,440,463]" name="Japan" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Japan</collectingCountry>
, shares the floricoidal form of discoctasters with the new form but has much thicker principal diactins (to 175 µm vs 113 µm here), much larger discohexasters (diameter 175–190 vs 145–163–180 µm here), and smaller microdiscohexasters (22–30 µm vs 21–40 µm here). The new specimen agrees completely with the original description of
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8436159F56FDA12F5CFDA3" authority="Schulze, 1899" authorityName="Schulze. We" authorityYear="1899" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rhabdocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8436159F56FDA12BFCFDC0" box="[1302,1435,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">R. mirabilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FF8436159AD7FDC32F5CFDA3" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[151,315,583,607]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref37688" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1899) Amerikanische Hexactinelliden, nach dem Materiale der Albatross-Expedition. Fischer, Jena. 126 pp, 19 pls." type="book" year="1899">Schulze, 1899</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from south of the Alaska Peninsula, and is confidently assigned to that species. The specimen, USMN 07573, from the Gulf of California is listed as
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8436159955FDE92DFAFD78" authorityName="Schulze. We" authorityYear="1899" box="[789,925,620,644]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rhabdocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8436159955FDE92DFAFD78" box="[789,925,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">R. mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on label and catalogue, but although it was compared to
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8436159B68FD152FCBFD54" authorityName="Schulze. We" authorityYear="1899" box="[296,428,656,680]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rhabdocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8436159B68FD152FCBFD54" box="[296,428,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">R. mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FF8436159B95FD0B2CE6FD5B" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[469,641,655,679]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref37688" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1899) Amerikanische Hexactinelliden, nach dem Materiale der Albatross-Expedition. Fischer, Jena. 126 pp, 19 pls." type="book" year="1899">Schulze (1899)</bibRefCitation>
, he concluded that it must remain
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8436159E41FD152A7EFD54" box="[1025,1049,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">R.</emphasis>
sp.; he did not provide reasons for that conclusion. In review of the extremely damaged specimen, we find it has discoctasters (diameter 127–167–205 µm, n = 64) very similar in size and shape to those of
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF84361598B4FD5D2D1FFD0C" authorityName="Schulze. We" authorityYear="1899" box="[756,888,728,752]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rhabdocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF84361598B4FD5D2D1FFD0C" box="[756,888,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">R. mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it does not have diactin dermalia nor does it have oxyhexactins as the major microsclere; it has pentactins and oxyhexasters respectively. The Gulf of California specimen is clearly not
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8436159BDCFCA52C47FCC4" authorityName="Schulze. We" authorityYear="1899" box="[412,544,800,824]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rhabdocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8436159BDCFCA52C47FCC4" box="[412,544,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">R. mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and must remain as
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8436159944FCA52D72FCC4" box="[772,789,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">R</emphasis>
. sp. until that local fauna is better known. Justification for description of the new Aleutian specimen is the fact that this is only the second reported specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8436159F50FCC12BF3FCA0" authorityName="Schulze. We" authorityYear="1899" box="[1296,1428,836,860]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rhabdocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8436159F50FCC12BF3FCA0" box="[1296,1428,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">R. mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the first known since Schulze's original 1899 description of a partial top end of the original specimen. We also provide the first SEM figures and complete spicule data set for this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8436159A87FC2B2CD2FC17" blockId="60.[150,1436,151,1004]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
Review of all video footage collected with the ROV 'Jason II' indicate that it is a rare species occurring singly on bedrock at depths between 1984 and
<quantity id="4C839B41FF8436159819FC502CD6FC17" box="[601,689,980,1004]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.79" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="2790.0">2790 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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