266 lines
39 KiB
XML
266 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="FADD1D204365726C05736725618A7627" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.276783" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cbd0de37-eabb-43d6-bae2-ff7fe53daac6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="276783" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460235511592" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2011" docId="03D28792FFCAFF8D84E416746D2C81C0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02759p048.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2759" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Chitonaster johannae Koehler 1908" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FFEBFFEAFFC4FF9D847312686C098034" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of high-latitude Goniasteridae (Subantarctic & Antarctic): one new genus, and three new species with an overview and key to taxa" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1698239547451" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7C4D34654B52CCC825534FDC9DAC3447">
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<mods:title id="36F472611D2C3C9209810A5D443181CB">Taxonomy of high-latitude Goniasteridae (Subantarctic & Antarctic): one new genus, and three new species with an overview and key to taxa</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="46848D2F80F90501F92A00A6BDD23326" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0458089E4A1E786726F437BC0785B385">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1807047AB6850EFF77665C99E6694ECB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="350923ED2EC762A609C5F821C0BF60E7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A79CB0480564236BF772893103358B96">
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<mods:date id="AB6382A961AC90B06DD2A294C840ED4C">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="C622CBC078080E1E0822BC11A902C9D0" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="17D44CFAB665185185E501FBC7FDB829">2759</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="07E635D9E396FDBC3070C5C8CB701AF0">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="67E123572C9C397F497FDCE7EFEA4A1D">48</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="141E972C535E513FF0C96AF84A54D717">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1E8F8221153A1CDDAEFB7439699746C5" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.276783</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A18350C8F1676DA60C8FC62A465D7BC4" type="GBIF-Dataset">cbd0de37-eabb-43d6-bae2-ff7fe53daac6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A18772D0DDE0B7280BF476989511AFAE" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5B7F9B31DB6ADA0212A679B47E9AC113" type="Zenodo-Dep">276783</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D28792FFCAFF8D84E416746D2C81C0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6184333" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119388107" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6184333" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D28792FFCAFF8D84E416746D2C81C0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D28792FFCAFF8D84E416746D2C81C0" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection id="C361650FFFCAFF9384E416746D408462" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC43684FFCAFF9384E416746E588401" blockId="14.[151,593,1051,1110]" box="[151,593,1051,1078]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<heading id="D08C81E8FFCAFF9384E416746E588401" bold="true" box="[151,593,1051,1078]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFCAFF9384E416746E588401" ID-CoL="5Y7QP" authority="Koehler, 1908" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,593,1051,1078]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="johannae">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFCAFF9384E416746E588401" bold="true" box="[151,593,1051,1078]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFCAFF9384E416746D978402" bold="true" box="[151,414,1052,1078]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Chitonaster johannae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B75FFCAFF9385D616736E588401" author="Koehler" box="[421,593,1051,1077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" refString="Koehler, R. (1908) Asteries, Ophiures ct Echinides de l'Expedition antarctique nationale ecossaise. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 46, 529 - 649." type="journal article" year="1908">Koehler, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC43684FFCAFF9384E416566D408462" blockId="14.[151,593,1051,1110]" box="[151,329,1086,1110]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13402A01FFCAFF9384ED16566D018462" box="[158,264,1086,1110]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,361,1205]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,361,1206]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Chitonaster johannae. USNM E 13501. A. (inset) Coelomic view of abactinal surface showing overlapping plates with papular pores absent. USNM 1018953 B. Abactinal surface. C. Close up of abactinal surface showing granules and pedicellariae. D. Abactinal view of armtip showing rows of spines / granules. E. Actinal surface. F. Lateral view showing marginal plate series. USNM E 13501. G. Close up of actinal intermediate and furrow area with trivalve pedicellariae. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276789/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figures 6</figureCitation>
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A–G)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C361650FFFCAFF9384E416E9680784A3" box="[151,1038,1153,1175]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC43684FFCAFF9384E416E9680784A3" blockId="14.[151,1038,1153,1175]" box="[151,1038,1153,1175]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B75FFCAFF9384E416E96D2284A3" author="Koehler" box="[151,299,1153,1175]" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" refString="Koehler, R. (1907) Asteries, Ophiures et Echinides recueillis dans les mers australes par la Scotia (1902 - 1904). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 32, 140 - 147." type="journal article" year="1907">Koehler, 1907</bibRefCitation>
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: 144; 1908: 542;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B75FFCAFF9385A916EA6E9884A3" author="Clark" box="[474,657,1153,1175]" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" refString="Clark, A. M. (1993) An index of names of recent Asteroidea - Part 2: Valvatida. Echinoderm Studies, 4, 187 - 366." type="journal article" year="1993">A.M. Clark, 1993</bibRefCitation>
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: 250;
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFCAFF9386BD16EA6EE484A3" box="[718,749,1154,1175]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(as</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFCAFF93868716EA680C84A3" authority="Koehler, 1907" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1907" box="[756,1029,1153,1175]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="johannae">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFCAFF93868716EA6F6684A3" box="[756,879,1153,1175]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. johannae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B75FFCAFF93870616E9680C84A3" author="Koehler" box="[885,1029,1153,1175]" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" refString="Koehler, R. (1907) Asteries, Ophiures et Echinides recueillis dans les mers australes par la Scotia (1902 - 1904). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 32, 140 - 147." type="journal article" year="1907">Koehler, 1907</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFCAFF93807516EA680784A3" box="[1030,1038,1154,1175]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">)</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C361650FFFCAFF9384E416D66DD8859B" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BC43684FFCAFF9384E416D668EF84E2" blockId="14.[151,1436,1214,2030]" box="[151,1254,1214,1239]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFCAFF9384E416D66D3984E3" bold="true" box="[151,304,1214,1239]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution.</emphasis>
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South of South
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<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFCAFF93859516D66E3284E2" box="[486,571,1214,1238]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Orkney</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFCAFF93863516D66EE184E2" box="[582,744,1214,1238]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
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Islands, and Elephant Islands,
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<quantity id="4C839B61FFCAFF93803716D668EB84E2" box="[1092,1250,1214,1238]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.53" metricValueMax="4.204" metricValueMin="2.856" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="3530.0" valueMax="4204.0" valueMin="2856.0">2856–4204 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC43684FFCAFF9384B4168A6DD8859B" blockId="14.[151,1436,1214,2030]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFCAFF9384B4168A6E4B84CF" bold="true" box="[199,578,1250,1275]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distinctions from other species.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFCAFF938639168B6F3684CF" box="[586,831,1251,1275]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="johannae">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFCAFF938639168B6F3684CF" box="[586,831,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Chitonaster johannae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is herein restricted to those
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFCAFF9380F7168B690084CF" box="[1156,1289,1251,1275]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFCAFF9380F7168B690084CF" box="[1156,1289,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Chitonaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with valvate pedicellariae, abactinal arm plates in transverse series, with clustered spines on abactinal and superomarginal spines with relatively small abactinal plates, and lacking papulae. All
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFCAFF9387D5174368278577" box="[934,1070,1323,1347]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="johannae">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFCAFF9387D5174368278577" box="[934,1070,1323,1347]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. johannae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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examined with these characters, including Koehler’s (1908) original description are apparently restricted to abyssal depths (>
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<quantity id="4C839B61FFCAFF9380B0172669288552" box="[1219,1313,1358,1382]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.856" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="2856.0">2856 m</quantity>
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). Shallowwater specimens, including those referred to
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFCAFF9386FE171B6F1F85BF" box="[653,790,1395,1419]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="johannae">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFCAFF9386FE171B6F1F85BF" box="[653,790,1395,1419]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. johannae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B75FFCAFF938733171A6FC485BE" author="Mein" box="[832,973,1394,1418]" pageId="14" pageNumber="48" refString="Mein, B. (1992) Beitrag zur Kenntnis antarktischer Seesterne (Asteroidea, Echinodermata). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 89, 239 - 259." type="journal article" year="1992">Mein (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B75FFCAFF938070171A696785BE" author="Stampanato" box="[1027,1390,1394,1419]" pageId="14" pageNumber="48" refString="Stampanato, S. & Jangoux, M. (1993) Les asterides (Echinodermata) de la Baie Breid (Cote de la Princesse Ragnhild, quartier Enderby, Antarctique), avec la description d' une nouvelle espece de Solaster. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie, 63, 175 - 184." type="journal article" year="1993">Stampanato and Jangoux (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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, are referred to
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFCAFF93856017FF6D82859B" box="[275,395,1431,1455]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="trangae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFCAFF93856017FF6D82859B" box="[275,395,1431,1455]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. trangae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFCAFF9385E117FF6DD8859B" bold="true" box="[402,465,1431,1455]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57EDFFCAFF9385E117FF6DD8859B" box="[402,465,1431,1455]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C361650FFFCAFF9284B417D2682E80C3" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC43684FFCAFF9384B417D268858656" blockId="14.[151,1436,1214,2030]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFCAFF9384B417D26E1385E7" bold="true" box="[199,538,1466,1491]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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Comments on
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<typeStatus id="54C08826FFCAFF93850717D36DAE85E7" box="[372,423,1467,1491]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFCAFF93865217D36E7E85E6" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[545,631,1467,1490]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">MNHN</collectionCode>
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EcAh 3511 is herein designated as the
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<typeStatus id="54C08826FFCAFF93804217D2689E85E6" box="[1073,1175,1466,1490]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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from Koehler’s (1908)
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<typeStatus id="54C08826FFCAFF9384E417B76CE785C3" box="[151,238,1503,1527]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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series. It corresponds in nearly ever regard to one specimen, with R=23.0 mm, indicated in Koehler’s (1908) full description and designation of this species. This lot included a tag reading “
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFCAFF93801E146B68BA862E" box="[1133,1203,1539,1562]" genus="Scotia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFCAFF93801E146B68BA862E" box="[1133,1203,1539,1562]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFCAFF93801E146B68BA862E" box="[1133,1203,1539,1562]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Scotia</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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”, the collecting vessel. Other members of Koehler’s
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<typeStatus id="54C08826FFCAFF938662144F6E61860B" box="[529,616,1575,1599]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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series could not be located in the Paris collections and it is unclear how many of the
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<typeStatus id="54C08826FFCAFF93855014236D8C8657" box="[291,389,1611,1635]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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remain extant. EcAh 3511 is the functional
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<typeStatus id="54C08826FFCAFF93870714226FDF8656" box="[884,982,1610,1634]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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for this species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC43684FFCAFF9284B41406682E80C3" blockId="14.[151,1436,1214,2030]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,151,319]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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||
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFCAFF9384B414066DB986B3" bold="true" box="[199,432,1646,1671]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Material examined.</emphasis>
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||
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFCAFF9385C514076E0586B2" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[438,524,1647,1670]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">MNHN</collectionCode>
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||
EcAh 3511,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5043FFCAFF9386EE14066EF086B2" box="[669,761,1646,1670]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="925" value="-62.166668">62º10’S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5043FFCAFF93877714066F6186B2" box="[772,872,1646,1670]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="925" value="-41.333332">41º20’W</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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<quantity id="4C839B61FFCAFF93870714066FC186B2" box="[884,968,1646,1670]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.246" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="3246.0">3246 m</quantity>
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(=1775 fms). Coll.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFCAFF9380D6140768E286B2" box="[1189,1259,1647,1670]" genus="Scotia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFCAFF9380D6140768E286B2" box="[1189,1259,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFCAFF9380D6140768E286B2" box="[1189,1259,1647,1670]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Scotia</collectingCountry>
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||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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<date id="FFC51044FFCAFF9380811406699586B2" box="[1266,1436,1646,1670]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1903-03-18">18 March 1903</date>
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(1 wet spec. R=
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B61FFCAFF93853B14FA6D9E869E" box="[328,407,1682,1706]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="cm" value="2.3">2.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
, r= 1.1);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFCAFF93858C14FA6E59869E" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[511,592,1682,1706]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1086359 66˚ 23 S, 45˚ 49 W to 66˚ 20 S, 45˚ 52W,
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B61FFCAFF9380EA14FA693E869E" box="[1177,1335,1682,1706]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.202" metricValueMax="4.204" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="4202.0" valueMax="4204.0" valueMin="4200.0">4200–4204 m</quantity>
|
||
. Coll. U. Southern California. (1 dry spec. R=2.5, r=1.1);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFCAFF9386BA14DE6F1386FA" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[713,794,1718,1742]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1018953 South of South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFCAFF93803B14DE68F186FA" box="[1096,1272,1718,1742]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Orkney Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Weddell Sea. 63˚21’S, 44˚51’W to 63˚28’S, 44˚57’W,
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B61FFCAFF93861614B26F0D86C6" box="[613,772,1754,1778]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6235" metricValueMax="3.66" metricValueMin="3.5869999999999997" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="3623.5" valueMax="3660.0" valueMin="3587.0">3587–3660 m</quantity>
|
||
. coll.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFCAFF93873A14B26F6486C6" box="[841,877,1754,1778]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFCAFF93870714B26FD586C6" box="[884,988,1754,1778]" name="Antarctica" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
|
||
Research Program. (1 dry spec. R=2.3, r=1.1);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFCAFF93849F14966D348722" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[236,317,1790,1814]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
E13501. South of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFCAFF93866114966EB18722" box="[530,696,1790,1814]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, South Atlantic Ocean. 56˚53’ S, 37˚33’W, 3138–3144.0 m. Coll. R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFCAFF9384BE154B6D16870F" box="[205,287,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Eltanin</emphasis>
|
||
(2 dry specs.R=2.9, r=1.2; R=3.3, r=1.3). E 13502, SE of South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFCAFF93878C154A68A4870E" box="[1023,1197,1826,1850]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Orkney Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFCAFF9380CA154A6938870E" box="[1209,1329,1826,1850]" name="Antarctica" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
. 62˚05 S, 40˚44’W. 3250–3285.0 m. Coll. R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFCAFF938633152E6E9A876A" box="[576,659,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Eltanin</emphasis>
|
||
(1 dry spec. R=2.6, r=1.1).
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFCAFF9387A0152E682D876A" box="[979,1060,1862,1886]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">CASIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
162495. Near Livingston
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFCAFF938123152E699E876A" box="[1360,1431,1862,1886]" name="Iceland" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 61.00˚43.70” S 60.00˚42.62”W, 2856–
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B61FFCAFF93863515026EBA87B6" box="[582,691,1898,1922]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8529" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="2852.9">2852.9 m</quantity>
|
||
. Coll. R. Mooi & S. Lockhart,
|
||
<date id="FFC51044FFCAFF9380791502689387B6" box="[1034,1178,1898,1922]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2002-02-19">19 Feb 2002</date>
|
||
. (31 wet specs., R=0.9, r=0.4; R=0.9, r=0.4; R=1.0, r=0.5; R=1.3, r=0.5; R=1.4, r=0.6; R=1.5, r=0.6; R=1.6, r=0.6; R=1.6, r=0.7; R=1.7, r=0.6; R=1.7, r=0.7; R=1.7, r=1.0; R=1.8, r=0.7; R=1.8, r=0.7; R=1.9, r=0.7; R=1.9, r=0.8; R=2.0, r=0.8; R=2.0, r=0.8; R=2.0, r=0.8; R=2.0, r=0.8; R=2.1, r=1.0; R=2.3, r=1.0; R=2.4, r=0.9; R=2.4, r=1.1; R=2.5, r=1.0, R=2.6, r=1.0, R=2.6, r=1.1, R=2.6, r=1.1; R=2.7, r=1.0; R=2.7, r=1.1; R=3.0, r=1.3; R=3.2, r=14);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFCBFF9280C312FF6908809B" box="[1200,1281,151,175]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">CASIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
163080. Elephant
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFCBFF9284AF12D46D2A80E0" box="[220,291,188,212]" name="Iceland" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 60.00˚38.79”S, 53˚57.42’W 2896–
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B61FFCBFF9286C712D46F0780E0" box="[692,782,188,212]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.895" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="2895.0">2895 m</quantity>
|
||
.(1 wet spec. R=1.2, r=0.6);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFCBFF92803012D4689D80E0" box="[1091,1172,188,212]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">CASIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
163081. Near Elephant
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFCBFF9284E412B76CD780C3" box="[151,222,223,247]" name="Iceland" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 60.00˚38.35”S, 53˚57.36’W,
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B61FFCBFF92865D12B76EFF80C3" box="[558,758,223,247]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8933999999999997" metricValueMax="2.8936" metricValueMin="2.8931999999999998" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="2893.3999999999996" valueMax="2893.6" valueMin="2893.2">2893.2–2893.6 m</quantity>
|
||
. (1 wet spec. R=1.0, r=0.4)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C361650FFFCBFF8D84B4136B6D2C81C0" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFCBFF9284B4136B6CF3810B" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,319]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFCBFF9284B4136B6D508128" bold="true" box="[199,345,259,284]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Body form stellate (R/r=2.0–2.6) with arms elongate. Disk swollen, convex. Interradial arcs rounded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF04660CFFCBFF9284E416D569948504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276789/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[151,1436,361,1205]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFCBFF9284E416D569948504" blockId="15.[151,1437,1213,1328]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFCBFF9284E416D56D1A84E7" bold="true" box="[151,275,1213,1236]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFCBFF92856916D66DFF84E0" box="[282,502,1214,1236]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="johannae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFCBFF92856916D66DFF84E0" box="[282,502,1214,1236]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Chitonaster johannae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. USNM E13501.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFCBFF9286DC16D66EC184E7" bold="true" box="[687,712,1214,1235]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A.</emphasis>
|
||
(inset) Coelomic view of abactinal surface showing overlapping plates with papular pores absent. USNM 1018953
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFCBFF92862B16B56E6684C6" bold="true" box="[600,623,1245,1266]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Abactinal surface.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFCBFF92874616B46F4784C7" bold="true" box="[821,846,1244,1267]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Close up of abactinal surface showing granules and pedicellariae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFCBFF92848916946D1A8525" bold="true" box="[250,275,1276,1297]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Abactinal view of armtip showing rows of spines/granules.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFCBFF92870E16946F9D8525" bold="true" box="[893,916,1276,1297]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Actinal surface.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFCBFF9280371694685C8525" bold="true" box="[1092,1109,1276,1297]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view showing marginal plate series. USNM E13501.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFCBFF9285CA17716DC48504" bold="true" box="[441,461,1305,1328]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">G.</emphasis>
|
||
Close up of actinal intermediate and furrow area with trivalve pedicellariae. Scale Bar= 0.5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFCBFF9284B6173C6DCE86B8" blockId="15.[151,1436,1364,2037]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Abactinal plates scalar, flattened, overlapping over one another forming mosaic-like pattern if viewed from coelomic side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFCBFF92853317106D8A85A4" box="[320,387,1400,1424]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,361,1205]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,361,1206]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Chitonaster johannae. USNM E 13501. A. (inset) Coelomic view of abactinal surface showing overlapping plates with papular pores absent. USNM 1018953 B. Abactinal surface. C. Close up of abactinal surface showing granules and pedicellariae. D. Abactinal view of armtip showing rows of spines / granules. E. Actinal surface. F. Lateral view showing marginal plate series. USNM E 13501. G. Close up of actinal intermediate and furrow area with trivalve pedicellariae. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276789/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Fasciolar grooves weakly present. Abactinal body wall thin. Abactinal plates polygonal to irregularly shaped, relatively small, with six to nine plates extending from superomarginal to superomarginal at base of each arm. Carinal series of abactinal plates relatively conspicuous, forming two to three discrete transverse rows on arms, which are aligned with spine rows on adjacent superomarginal plate series (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFCBFF9280E6178C68D085C8" box="[1173,1241,1508,1532]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,361,1205]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,361,1206]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Chitonaster johannae. USNM E 13501. A. (inset) Coelomic view of abactinal surface showing overlapping plates with papular pores absent. USNM 1018953 B. Abactinal surface. C. Close up of abactinal surface showing granules and pedicellariae. D. Abactinal view of armtip showing rows of spines / granules. E. Actinal surface. F. Lateral view showing marginal plate series. USNM E 13501. G. Close up of actinal intermediate and furrow area with trivalve pedicellariae. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276789/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B, D). Each plate with spines, one to three, short, blunt, cylindrical and densely clustered on each abactinal plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFCBFF92817E1460695C8614" box="[1293,1365,1544,1568]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,361,1205]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,361,1206]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Chitonaster johannae. USNM E 13501. A. (inset) Coelomic view of abactinal surface showing overlapping plates with papular pores absent. USNM 1018953 B. Abactinal surface. C. Close up of abactinal surface showing granules and pedicellariae. D. Abactinal view of armtip showing rows of spines / granules. E. Actinal surface. F. Lateral view showing marginal plate series. USNM E 13501. G. Close up of actinal intermediate and furrow area with trivalve pedicellariae. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276789/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B, C). Peripheral accessories absent. Other than short spines, bivalve pedicellariae are the only primary structures present on abactinal surface, usually only on disk rather then arms (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFCBFF92875E14386F66865C" box="[813,879,1616,1640]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,361,1205]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,361,1206]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Chitonaster johannae. USNM E 13501. A. (inset) Coelomic view of abactinal surface showing overlapping plates with papular pores absent. USNM 1018953 B. Abactinal surface. C. Close up of abactinal surface showing granules and pedicellariae. D. Abactinal view of armtip showing rows of spines / granules. E. Actinal surface. F. Lateral view showing marginal plate series. USNM E 13501. G. Close up of actinal intermediate and furrow area with trivalve pedicellariae. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276789/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Madreporite round with deep sulci, flanked by five plates. Papulae absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFCBFF9284B614F068B68684" blockId="15.[151,1436,1364,2037]" box="[197,1215,1688,1712]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Superomarginal and inferomarginal series are aligned 1:1, each with approximately 24–36.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFCBFF9284B614D46F408750" blockId="15.[151,1436,1364,2037]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
plates per interradus (from armtip to armtip) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFCBFF9286BA14D46F0486E0" box="[713,781,1724,1748]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,361,1205]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,361,1206]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Chitonaster johannae. USNM E 13501. A. (inset) Coelomic view of abactinal surface showing overlapping plates with papular pores absent. USNM 1018953 B. Abactinal surface. C. Close up of abactinal surface showing granules and pedicellariae. D. Abactinal view of armtip showing rows of spines / granules. E. Actinal surface. F. Lateral view showing marginal plate series. USNM E 13501. G. Close up of actinal intermediate and furrow area with trivalve pedicellariae. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276789/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Plates are rectangular with L>W. Superomarginals and inferomarginals each have two to four blunt, cylindrical spines in a linear series across the surface of the marginal plate, which is aligned in series with those plates on the abactinal arm plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFCBFF92807A156C68588728" box="[1033,1105,1796,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,361,1205]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,361,1206]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Chitonaster johannae. USNM E 13501. A. (inset) Coelomic view of abactinal surface showing overlapping plates with papular pores absent. USNM 1018953 B. Abactinal surface. C. Close up of abactinal surface showing granules and pedicellariae. D. Abactinal view of armtip showing rows of spines / granules. E. Actinal surface. F. Lateral view showing marginal plate series. USNM E 13501. G. Close up of actinal intermediate and furrow area with trivalve pedicellariae. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276789/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D, F). Aside from the spines, pedicellariae and other accessories, such as granules or spinelets are absent from the marginal plate surface. Terminal plates round and bare, lacking spines or other accessories.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFCBFF8D84B415186E308128" blockId="15.[151,1436,1364,2037]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1436,151,500]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Actinal interradial regions are large with one to three (usually two) chevron series present with relatively few plates, between the inferomarginals and the adambulacrals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFCBFF92874F15FC6F898798" box="[828,896,1940,1964]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,361,1205]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,361,1206]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Chitonaster johannae. USNM E 13501. A. (inset) Coelomic view of abactinal surface showing overlapping plates with papular pores absent. USNM 1018953 B. Abactinal surface. C. Close up of abactinal surface showing granules and pedicellariae. D. Abactinal view of armtip showing rows of spines / granules. E. Actinal surface. F. Lateral view showing marginal plate series. USNM E 13501. G. Close up of actinal intermediate and furrow area with trivalve pedicellariae. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276789/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Plate boundaries are obscured by membrane (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFCBFF9284EC15D06CEA87E4" box="[159,227,1976,2000]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,361,1205]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,361,1206]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Chitonaster johannae. USNM E 13501. A. (inset) Coelomic view of abactinal surface showing overlapping plates with papular pores absent. USNM 1018953 B. Abactinal surface. C. Close up of abactinal surface showing granules and pedicellariae. D. Abactinal view of armtip showing rows of spines / granules. E. Actinal surface. F. Lateral view showing marginal plate series. USNM E 13501. G. Close up of actinal intermediate and furrow area with trivalve pedicellariae. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276789/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Each plate bears one to two, usually one large cylindrical blunt spine per plate. Spinelets, small, thorny, irregularly distributed on actinal intermediate surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFCBFF92868A15B56F3587C1" box="[761,828,2013,2037]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,361,1205]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,361,1206]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Chitonaster johannae. USNM E 13501. A. (inset) Coelomic view of abactinal surface showing overlapping plates with papular pores absent. USNM 1018953 B. Abactinal surface. C. Close up of abactinal surface showing granules and pedicellariae. D. Abactinal view of armtip showing rows of spines / granules. E. Actinal surface. F. Lateral view showing marginal plate series. USNM E 13501. G. Close up of actinal intermediate and furrow area with trivalve pedicellariae. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276789/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Bivalve pedicellariae, similar to those on the abactinal surface are also irregularly present on the actinal surface. These pedicellariae are typically bivalve but can be trivalved and often irregularly shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFD4FF8D862512D46E9280E0" box="[598,667,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,361,1205]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,361,1206]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Chitonaster johannae. USNM E 13501. A. (inset) Coelomic view of abactinal surface showing overlapping plates with papular pores absent. USNM 1018953 B. Abactinal surface. C. Close up of abactinal surface showing granules and pedicellariae. D. Abactinal view of armtip showing rows of spines / granules. E. Actinal surface. F. Lateral view showing marginal plate series. USNM E 13501. G. Close up of actinal intermediate and furrow area with trivalve pedicellariae. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276789/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Sometimes these are as large as the other actinal plates and are present on the center of each interradius, but there was no regular pattern observed in every specimen. Oral region is deeply concave in some specimens
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFD4FF8D84B4134F6D2C81C0" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,500]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Adambulacral plate boundaries obscured by membrane, rectangular to quadrate in outline. Furrow spines, two, relatively slender, cylindrical, circular in cross-section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFD4FF8D876E13246F6C8150" box="[797,869,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,361,1205]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,361,1206]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Chitonaster johannae. USNM E 13501. A. (inset) Coelomic view of abactinal surface showing overlapping plates with papular pores absent. USNM 1018953 B. Abactinal surface. C. Close up of abactinal surface showing granules and pedicellariae. D. Abactinal view of armtip showing rows of spines / granules. E. Actinal surface. F. Lateral view showing marginal plate series. USNM E 13501. G. Close up of actinal intermediate and furrow area with trivalve pedicellariae. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276789/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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G). Single subambulacral spine present, approximately twice the thickness, circular in cross-section separated from furrow spines by discrete space. Small thorny spinelet present at base of subambulacral spine adjacent to actinal interradial region. Oral plates with three furrow spines and one oral spine projecting into the mouth per plate. Suboral spines each with one large and two smaller sized spines.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |