479 lines
52 KiB
XML
479 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5249.5.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7701357" ID-ZooBank="F146B808-9D5B-477F-9E73-09A8DFDBFA31" checkinTime="1678097781678" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moyle, Peter B., Buckmaster, Nicholas & Su, Yingxin" docDate="2023" docId="03D1EC51DE05FF8A3FFFFB4FC9D0FC64" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5249.5.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5249 (5)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5249.5.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhinichthys nevadensis , Gilbert 1893" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="519" masterDocId="FFE89429DE15FF983F68FF81CD38FF89" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of the Speckled Dace Species Complex (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae, Rhinichthys) in California, USA" masterLastPageNumber="539" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="517" updateTime="1678181004729" updateUser="tatiana" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomy of the Speckled Dace Species Complex (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae, Rhinichthys) in California, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Moyle, Peter B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Center for Watershed Sciences & Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, 425 LaRue Road, Davis CA 95626 USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Buckmaster, Nicholas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>California Department of Fish & Wildlife, 787 Main Street, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. Nick. buckmaster @ wildlife. ca. gov Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis CA 95616 USA. syxsu @ ucdavis. edu Corresponding author. pbmoyle @ ucdavis. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4825 - 4865</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Su, Yingxin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-4825-4865</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">pbmoyle@ucdavis.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-03-06</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>5249</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>5</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5249.5.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7701357</mods:identifier>
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,1143,1230,1257]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,1143,1230,1257]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6WTP5" authority="Gilbert 1893" authorityName=", Gilbert" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,603,1230,1257]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nevadensis">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,437,1230,1257]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Rhinichthys nevadensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Gilbert, C. H." box="[445,603,1230,1256]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" pagination="229 - 234" refId="ref28014" refString="Gilbert, C. H. (1893) Report on the fishes of the Death Valley expedition collected in southern California and Nevada in 1891 with descriptions of new species. U. S. Department of Agriculture, North American Fauna, 7, 229 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.3996 / nafa. 7.0003" type="journal article" year="1893">Gilbert 1893</bibRefCitation>
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, new common name, Desert Speckled Dace
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="517" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitation author="Gilbert, C. H." box="[151,687,1299,1323]" page="230" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" year="1893">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6WTP5" authority=", Gilbert 1893: 230" authorityName=", Gilbert" authorityPageNumber="230" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,687,1299,1323]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nevadensis" subGenus="Apocope">
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<emphasis box="[151,271,1299,1323]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Rhinichthys</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis box="[286,375,1299,1322]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Apocope</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis box="[389,500,1299,1323]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">nevadensis</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Gilbert, C. H." box="[513,687,1299,1323]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" pagination="229 - 234" refId="ref28014" refString="Gilbert, C. H. (1893) Report on the fishes of the Death Valley expedition collected in southern California and Nevada in 1891 with descriptions of new species. U. S. Department of Agriculture, North American Fauna, 7, 229 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.3996 / nafa. 7.0003" type="journal article" year="1893">Gilbert 1893:230</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1436,1299,1599]" box="[151,668,1330,1354]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gilbert" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[151,339,1330,1354]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Agosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nevadensis">
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<emphasis box="[151,339,1330,1354]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Agosia nevadensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<treatmentCitation author="Jordan, D. S. & Evermann, B. W." box="[345,668,1330,1354]" page="310" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" year="1896">
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<bibRefCitation author="Jordan, D. S. & Evermann, B. W." box="[345,668,1330,1354]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" pagination="1 - 1240" refId="ref29041" refString="Jordan, D. S. & Evermann, B. W. (1896) The Fishes of North and Middle America. Bulletin, US National Museum, 47, Part 1, 1 - 1240." type="journal article" year="1896">
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<collectingCountry box="[345,413,1330,1354]" name="Jordan" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Jordan</collectingCountry>
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and Evermann 1896:310
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1436,1299,1599]" box="[151,749,1360,1384]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Snyder" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,414,1360,1384]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Agosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nubila" subSpecies="carringtoni">
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<emphasis box="[151,414,1360,1384]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Agosia nubila carringtoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<treatmentCitation author="Jordan, D. S. & Evermann, B. W." box="[427,749,1360,1384]" page="311" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" year="1896">
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<collectingCountry box="[427,495,1360,1384]" name="Jordan" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Jordan</collectingCountry>
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and Evermann 1896:311
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<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1436,1299,1599]" box="[151,676,1391,1415]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
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<treatmentCitation author="Rutter, C." box="[151,479,1391,1415]" page="148" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" year="1903">
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<taxonomicName authority="Rutter 1903: 148" authorityName="Rutter" authorityPageNumber="148" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,479,1391,1415]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Agosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
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<emphasis box="[151,304,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Agosia robusta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Rutter, C." box="[311,479,1391,1415]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" pagination="145 - 148" refId="ref30655" refString="Rutter, C. (1903) Notes on fishes from streams and lakes of northeastern California not tributary to the Sacramento basin. United States Fish Commission Bulletin, 22, 145 - 148. [1902]" type="journal article" year="1903">Rutter 1903:148</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation author="Snyder, J. O." box="[489,676,1391,1415]" page="2002" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" year="1917">
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<bibRefCitation author="Snyder, J. O." box="[489,676,1391,1415]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" pagination="201 - 205" refId="ref31784" refString="Snyder, J. O. (1917) An account of some fishes from Owens River, California. Proceedings, United States National Museum, 54, 201 - 205. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.2233.201" type="journal article" year="1917">Snyder 1917:2002</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1436,1299,1599]" box="[151,520,1422,1446]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,520,1422,1446]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
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<treatmentCitation author="Snyder, J. O." box="[151,520,1422,1446]" page="70" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" year="1913">
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<taxonomicName authority=": Snyder 1913: 70" authorityName=": Snyder" authorityPageNumber="70" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,520,1422,1446]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Agosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carringtoni">
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<emphasis box="[151,352,1422,1445]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Agosia carringtoni:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Snyder, J. O." box="[358,520,1422,1446]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" pagination="49 - 72" refId="ref31749" refString="Snyder, J. O. (1913) The fishes of the streams tributary to San Francisco Bay. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, 32, 49 - 72." type="journal article" year="1913">Snyder 1913:70</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1436,1299,1599]" box="[151,803,1452,1477]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,803,1452,1477]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
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<treatmentCitation author="Snyder, J. O." box="[151,493,1452,1477]" page="33" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" year="1918">
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<taxonomicName authority="Snyder 1918: 33" authorityName="Snyder" authorityPageNumber="33" authorityYear="1918" box="[151,493,1452,1477]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Apocope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
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||
<emphasis box="[151,322,1452,1476]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Apocope robusta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Snyder, J. O." box="[329,493,1452,1477]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" pagination="33 - 86" refId="ref31829" refString="Snyder, J. O. (1918) The fishes of the Lahontan system of Nevada and northeastern California. United States Bureau of Fisheries Bulletin, 35, 33 - 86." type="journal article" year="1918">Snyder 1918:33</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation author="Evermann, B. W. & Clark, H. W." box="[503,803,1452,1476]" page="55" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" year="1931">
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<bibRefCitation author="Evermann, B. W. & Clark, H. W." box="[503,803,1452,1476]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref27727" refString="Evermann, B. W. & Clark, H. W. (1931) A distributional list of freshwater fishes known to occur in California. Division of Fish and Game, Fish Bulletin, 35, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="1931">Evermann and Clark 1931:55</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1436,1299,1599]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
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<treatmentCitation author="Shapovalov, L. & Dill, W. A." box="[151,808,1483,1507]" page="387" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" year="1950">
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<taxonomicName authority=": Shapovalov and Dill 1950: 387" authorityName="Shapovalov and Dill" authorityPageNumber="387" authorityYear="1950" box="[151,808,1483,1507]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="osculus" subSpecies="robustus">
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<emphasis box="[151,466,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Rhinichthys osculus robustus:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Shapovalov, L. & Dill, W. A." box="[478,808,1483,1507]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" pagination="382 - 391" refId="ref31318" refString="Shapovalov, L. & Dill, W. A. (1950) A check list of the fresh-water and anadromous fishes of California. California Fish and Game, 36, 382 - 391" type="journal article" year="1950">Shapovalov and Dill 1950:387</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation author="Kimsey, J. B. & Fisk, L. O." box="[824,1105,1483,1507]" page="46" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" year="1960">
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<bibRefCitation author="Kimsey, J. B. & Fisk, L. O." box="[824,1105,1483,1507]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" pagination="453 - 479" refId="ref29080" refString="Kimsey, J. B. & Fisk, L. O. (1960) Keys to the freshwater and anadromous fishes of California. California Fish and Game, 46, 453 - 479." type="journal article" year="1960">Kimsey and Fisk 1960:46</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation author="Hubbs, C. L. & Follett, W. I. & Dempster, L. J." box="[1121,1354,1483,1507]" page="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" year="1979">
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<bibRefCitation author="Hubbs, C. L. & Follett, W. I. & Dempster, L. J." box="[1121,1354,1483,1507]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref28578" refString="Hubbs, C. L., Follett, W. I. & Dempster, L. J. (1979) List of the fishes of California. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 133, 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="1979">
|
||
Hubbs
|
||
<emphasis box="[1200,1257,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">et al.</emphasis>
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1979:12
|
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Moyle, P. B." page="161" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" year="2002">
|
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<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B." pageId="16" pageNumber="517" refId="ref29646" refString="Moyle, P. B. (2002) Inland Fishes of California, Revised and Expanded. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 504 pp." type="book" year="2002">Moyle 2002:161</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1436,1299,1599]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
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<treatmentCitation author="Shapovalov, L. & Dill, W. A." box="[151,802,1544,1569]" page="387" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" year="1950">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6WTP5" authority="Shapovalov and Dill 1950: 387" authorityName="Shapovalov and Dill" authorityPageNumber="387" authorityYear="1950" box="[151,802,1544,1569]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="osculus" subSpecies="nevadensis">
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<emphasis box="[151,472,1544,1568]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Rhinichthys osculus nevadensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Shapovalov, L. & Dill, W. A." box="[479,802,1544,1569]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" pagination="382 - 391" refId="ref31318" refString="Shapovalov, L. & Dill, W. A. (1950) A check list of the fresh-water and anadromous fishes of California. California Fish and Game, 36, 382 - 391" type="journal article" year="1950">Shapovalov and Dill 1950: 387</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation author="Shapovalov, L. & Cordone, A. J. & Dill, W. A." box="[813,1083,1544,1569]" page="25" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" year="1981">
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<bibRefCitation author="Shapovalov, L. & Cordone, A. J. & Dill, W. A." box="[813,1083,1544,1569]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" pagination="4 - 38" refId="ref31398" refString="Shapovalov, L., Cordone, A. J. & Dill, W. A. (1981) A list of the freshwater and anadromous fishes of California. California Fish and Game, 67, 4 - 38." type="journal article" year="1981">
|
||
Shapovalov
|
||
<emphasis box="[939,991,1544,1568]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">et al.</emphasis>
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1981: 25
|
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation author="Hubbs, C. L. & Follett, W. I. & Dempster, L. J." box="[1095,1306,1544,1569]" page="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" year="1979">
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<bibRefCitation author="Hubbs, C. L. & Follett, W. I. & Dempster, L. J." box="[1095,1306,1544,1569]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref28578" refString="Hubbs, C. L., Follett, W. I. & Dempster, L. J. (1979) List of the fishes of California. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 133, 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="1979">
|
||
Hubbs
|
||
<emphasis box="[1168,1213,1544,1568]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">et al</emphasis>
|
||
1979:12
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Smith, G. R. & Dowling, T. E. & Gobalet, K. T. & Lugaski, T. & Shiozawa, D. & Evans, P." page="33" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" year="2002">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, G. R. & Dowling, T. E. & Gobalet, K. T. & Lugaski, T. & Shiozawa, D. & Evans, P." pageId="16" pageNumber="517" pagination="175 - 233" refId="ref31509" refString="Smith, G. R., Dowling, T. E., Gobalet, K. T., Lugaski, T., Shiozawa, D. & Evans, P. (2002) Biogeography and timing rates of evolutionary events among Great Basin fishes. In: Hershler, R., Madsen, D. B. & Curry, D. R. (Eds.), Great Basin Aquatic Systems History, Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences, 33, pp. 175 - 233." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis box="[1385,1430,1544,1568]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">et al</emphasis>
|
||
, 2002: 33
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Moyle, P. B." box="[302,473,1575,1599]" page="161" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" year="2002">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B." box="[302,473,1575,1599]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" refId="ref29646" refString="Moyle, P. B. (2002) Inland Fishes of California, Revised and Expanded. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 504 pp." type="book" year="2002">Moyle 2002:161</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Mussmann, S. M. & Douglas, M. R. & Oakey, D. D. & Douglas, M. E." box="[483,779,1575,1599]" page="10805" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" year="2020">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mussmann, S. M. & Douglas, M. R. & Oakey, D. D. & Douglas, M. E." box="[483,712,1575,1599]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" pagination="10798 - 10817" refId="ref30021" refString="Mussmann, S. M., Douglas, M. R., Oakey, D. D. & Douglas, M. E. (2020) Defining relictual biodiversity: conservation units in Speckled Dace (Leuciscidae: Rhinichthys osculus) of the Greater Death Valley Ecosystem. Ecology and Evolution, 10, 10798 - 10817. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.6736" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Mussmann
|
||
<emphasis box="[601,652,1575,1599]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:10805
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="517" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1437,1645,2032]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="T" collectorName="S. Palmer." county="Nye County" location="Amargosa River watershed" municipality="Ash Meadows" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nevada" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,260,1645,1671]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[151,260,1645,1671]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", USNM" authorityName="USNM" box="[278,769,1645,1672]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nevadensis" subGenus="Apocope">
|
||
<emphasis box="[278,410,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Rhinichthys</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[430,528,1646,1672]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Apocope</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis box="[548,671,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">nevadensis</emphasis>
|
||
, USNM
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
46111,
|
||
<quantity box="[865,948,1645,1672]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[1006,1174,1645,1671]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Ash Meadows</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[1188,1330,1645,1672]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Nye County</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1344,1432,1645,1671]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE05FF8A3FFFFB4FC9D0FC64:8EA70B9CDE05FF883FFFF913CCF2F922" box="[151,458,1681,1708]" county="Nye County" municipality="Ash Meadows" name="Amargosa River watershed" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" stateProvince="Nevada">Amargosa River watershed</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE05FF8A3FFFFB4FC9D0FC64:8EA70B9CDE05FF883EBDF910CF26F922" box="[469,542,1681,1707]" county="Nye County" municipality="Ash Meadows" name="March" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" stateProvince="Nevada">March</location>
|
||
4,189 1,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[640,661,1681,1707]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">T</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName box="[665,777,1681,1707]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">S. Palmer.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1437,1645,2032]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<materialsCitation box="[199,878,1717,1744]" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="March" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" specimenCode="USNM 350556, 3" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,319,1717,1743]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[199,319,1717,1743]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode box="[333,506,1717,1744]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" type="Museum">USNM 350556</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode box="[516,528,1717,1744]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" type="Museum">3</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity box="[536,659,1717,1744]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" unit="mm" value="46.5" valueMax="51.0" valueMin="42.0">42–51 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL),
|
||
<collectorName box="[720,793,1717,1743]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">March</collectorName>
|
||
4,189 1
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation box="[888,1072,1717,1743]" collectionCode="T" collectorName="S. Palmer" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[888,909,1717,1743]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">T</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName box="[913,1022,1717,1743]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">S. Palmer</collectorName>
|
||
; and
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="March & A. K. Fisher" county="Nye County" location="Amargosa River watershed" municipality="Ash Meadows" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" specimenCode="USNM 46112, 5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nevada" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1078,1237,1717,1743]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" type="Museum">USNM 46112</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1246,1262,1717,1744]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" type="Museum">5</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[1273,1346,1717,1743]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">March</collectorName>
|
||
3,189 1,
|
||
<collectorName box="[151,285,1753,1780]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">A.K. Fisher</collectorName>
|
||
, both from same locality as holotype
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="517" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1437,1645,2032]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,322,1789,1815]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Desert Speckled Dace are best recognized as small (adult lengths of
|
||
<quantity box="[1078,1162,1789,1816]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" unit="cm" value="7.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="5.0">5–9 cm</quantity>
|
||
) cyprinoid fish that have the typical Speckled Dace phenotypic characters, inhabit Lahontan, Owens Valley and Death Valley drainages and are a distinct genetic lineage that encompasses three sublineages. The mouth is slightly subterminal, often with a frenum. Meristics and morphometrics are in the ranges shown in
|
||
<tableCitation box="[870,951,1897,1923]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="29.[152,245,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="TABLE 3. Mean values of meristics of Amargosa Speckled Dace (from Amargosa River, Ash Meadows, and Owens Valley) compared to Long Valley and Lahontan Speckled Dace, from Sada et al. (1993). LLS, lateral line scales; LLP, lateral line scales with pores, PFR, pectoral-fin rays; PEFR, pelvic; Vert, vertebrae; Barbels, percent with maxillary barbels; STB canal, percent with a complete supratemporal canal; Frenum, percent with complete frenum. All counts are mean numbers." pageId="16" pageNumber="517">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
but are not distinctive. Color is variable but there are usually speckles and blotches on the body which join to form a black lateral band on each side. The band is most prominent underneath each eye, sometimes extending to the snout. We recognize three subspecies, based on genomics and distribution:
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Moyle & Buckmaster & Su, 2023" authorityName="Moyle & Buckmaster & Su" authorityYear="2023" box="[457,639,2005,2031]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="osculus" status="R. n." subSpecies="nevadensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[457,639,2005,2031]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">R. n. nevadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[653,798,2005,2031]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[653,705,2006,2031]" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" rank="subSpecies">R. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
caldera
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,1021,2005,2031]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="517">
|
||
R. n.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[918,1017,2005,2031]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">robustus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Each has a separate account.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="518" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,150,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
The complete original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[755,907,151,177]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nevadensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[755,907,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">R. nevadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is as follows, from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gilbert, C. H." box="[1120,1333,151,177]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" pagination="229 - 234" refId="ref28014" refString="Gilbert, C. H. (1893) Report on the fishes of the Death Valley expedition collected in southern California and Nevada in 1891 with descriptions of new species. U. S. Department of Agriculture, North American Fauna, 7, 229 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.3996 / nafa. 7.0003" type="journal article" year="1893">Gilbert (1893: 230)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
although numerical fractions in the original description have been converted to decimals. All morphometric measurements are standardized by dividing into standard length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">“Differing from other known species in the large head, short deep body, very small eye, and the reduction of the outer ventral ray to a mere rudiment. Head, 3.66 [times into] length (varying from 3.5 to 4.0); depth 3.66 (varying from 3.5 to 4.0); D. [dorsal rays],8; A. [anal rays],7; Lat. l. [Lateral line scales] 65. Ventrals apparently with seven rays, the outer one rudimentary, and often detected with difficulty.”</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">
|
||
“Body robust, with broad heavy head, the least depth of caudal peduncle less than half the greatest height of body. Greatest depth of head at occiput
|
||
<quantity box="[591,633,438,465]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
|
||
length of body. Eye very small, half the interorbital width, which equals distance from tip of snout to middle of eye, and is contained 2.66 times in head.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">“Mouth terminal, very oblique, the lower jaw included, the premaxillaries not at all overlapped by the snout. The maxillary reaches the vertical from front of eye and is one-third length of head. Maxillary barbles [sic] well developed.”</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">“Scales very irregularly placed and difficult to enumerate. The lateral line is incomplete in adults and usually does not reach to opposite dorsal fin. In the young it is variously developed, often extending though with many interruptions, to end of dorsal or base of caudal. Pores in lateral line (when complete) 58, about 66.”</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">“Fins small, the pectorals not reaching ventrals, the latter not to vent. Front of dorsal midway between base of caudal and middle of occiput.”</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">
|
||
“In spirits, the upper half of sides is speckled and marbled with brown and the belly and lower half of sides immaculate or sparsely spotted. A broad dark lateral stripe usually present, becoming more conspicuous posteriorly, and ending in an obscure black spot on base of tail. A dark stripe sometimes present along middle of lower half of sides.
|
||
<emphasis box="[213,230,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">”</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">
|
||
This description is for dace now treated as a population of Amargosa Speckled Dace (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moyle & Buckmaster & Su" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Moyle & Buckmaster & Su" baseAuthorityYear="2023" box="[1145,1427,943,969]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nevadensis" subSpecies="nevadensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1145,1162,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1175,1427,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">nevadensis nevadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from Ash Meadows in Death Valley. It also fits the other two subspecies as well, although
|
||
<emphasis box="[1153,1198,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">R. n</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1211,1306,979,1005]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1211,1306,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">robustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is typically more darkly pigmented and
|
||
<emphasis box="[480,631,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">R. n. caldera</emphasis>
|
||
is typically pale without much dark pigmentation.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sada, D. W. & Britten, H. B. & Brussard, P. F." box="[1228,1436,1015,1041]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref30776" refString="Sada, D. W., Britten, H. B. & Brussard, P. F. (1993) Morphometric and genetic differentiation among Death Valley System Rhinichthys osculus. CDFG Inland Fisheries Repor t, Contract, FG 0524, 1 - 52." type="book chapter" year="1993">
|
||
Sada
|
||
<emphasis box="[1292,1352,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1993)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
compared meristics (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[384,468,1051,1077]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="29.[152,245,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="TABLE 3. Mean values of meristics of Amargosa Speckled Dace (from Amargosa River, Ash Meadows, and Owens Valley) compared to Long Valley and Lahontan Speckled Dace, from Sada et al. (1993). LLS, lateral line scales; LLP, lateral line scales with pores, PFR, pectoral-fin rays; PEFR, pelvic; Vert, vertebrae; Barbels, percent with maxillary barbels; STB canal, percent with a complete supratemporal canal; Frenum, percent with complete frenum. All counts are mean numbers." pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
) and morphometrics of dace of all three subspecies and found only small, overlapping differences, which could not be used to distinguish the three groups for identification purposes
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="519" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,353,1122,1148]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Desert Speckled Dace are widespread in the southern Lahontan Basin and also inhabit small desert springs and streams in the Owens Valley and Death Valley regions. The common genetic heritage (ancestry) of the three subspecies is the result of late Pleistocene aquatic connections, which allowed the ancestral population(s) to spread throughout the Great Basin and into Death and Owens valleys. During the periods of high rainfall, large inter-connected lakes were formed throughout the Great Basin (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Grayson, D. K." box="[864,1028,1267,1293]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" refId="ref28351" refString="Grayson, D. K. (1993) The Desert's Past: A Natural Prehistory of the Great Basin. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, xx + 356 pp." type="book" year="1993">Grayson 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">
|
||
One of the largest lakes was Lake Lahontan. Its remnant lakes and tributaries support Lahontan Speckled Dace to this day. Lake Russell (whose remnant is fishless Mono Lake), drained into Lake Lahontan’s southern end. About 1.3 million years ago, this connection to Lake Lahontan was blocked by vulcanism and Lake Russell subsequently spilled multiple times directly into the Owens River basin (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Reheis, M. C. & Stine, S. & Sarna-Wojcicki, A. M." box="[805,1011,1411,1437]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" pagination="991 - 1006" refId="ref30577" refString="Reheis, M. C., Stine, S. & Sarna-Wojcicki, A. M. (2002) Drainage reversals in Mono Basin during the late Pliocene and Pleistocene. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 114 (8), 991 - 1006. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / 0016 - 7606 (2002) 114 % 3 C 0991: DRIMBD % 3 E 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Reheis
|
||
<emphasis box="[889,944,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The subsequent eruption of the Long Valley caldera (0.76 mya) formed Long Valley Lake in the upper Owens Basin. Long Valley Lake, and adjacent Adobe Lake, drained into the Owens River which flowed into Owens Lake. Owens Lake spilled into Searles Lake, which drained into the Panamint Valley and Lake Manley, the site of present-day Death Valley (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Grayson, D. K." box="[1258,1424,1519,1545]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" refId="ref28351" refString="Grayson, D. K. (1993) The Desert's Past: A Natural Prehistory of the Great Basin. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, xx + 356 pp." type="book" year="1993">Grayson 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Lake Manly was the ultimate end for the water. Speckled Dace managed to make it through this chain, leaving populations behind in spring systems when dry desert conditions returned. The reverse movement of fish from Lake Manly to the Owens Basin was apparently geologically improbable, given the large waterfalls in the Owens River gorge and elsewhere (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hildreth, W. & Fierstein, J." box="[404,710,1663,1689]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref28467" refString="Hildreth, W. & Fierstein, J. (2016) Long Valley Caldera Lake and Reincision of Owens River Gorge. U. S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report, 5120, 1 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.3133 / sir 20165120" type="journal article" year="2016">Hildreth & Fierstein 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The ancestral dace also colonized the Amargosa River which flowed into Lake Manly from the east by moving upstream from the lake.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,1005]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="519" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">
|
||
The Eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[342,456,1735,1761]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="17" pageNumber="518">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
Lake Chain, described above, was possible because of the elevational gradient starting at about
|
||
<quantity box="[255,344,1771,1797]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</quantity>
|
||
in elevation in the Lake Russell and dropping to sea level in Lake Manly (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Orme, A. R." box="[1234,1371,1771,1797]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" pagination="51 - 78" refId="ref30213" refString="Orme, A. R. (2008) Pleistocene pluvial lakes of the American West: a short history of research. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 301 (1), 51 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / SP 301.4" type="journal article" year="2008">Orme 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The flow, however, was not continuous because connections between lakes were variable through time. Thus, based on estimates of the timing of lake spills, Lahontan fishes were isolated in the Lake Russell Basin about 1.3 million years ago. This basin spilled numerous times. The last spill was as recently as 100,000 years ago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Reheis, M. C. & Stine, S. & Sarna-Wojcicki, A. M." box="[1208,1354,1879,1905]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" pagination="991 - 1006" refId="ref30577" refString="Reheis, M. C., Stine, S. & Sarna-Wojcicki, A. M. (2002) Drainage reversals in Mono Basin during the late Pliocene and Pleistocene. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 114 (8), 991 - 1006. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / 0016 - 7606 (2002) 114 % 3 C 0991: DRIMBD % 3 E 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2002">Reheis 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), when the Owens River carried Lahontan fishes to Owens Lake and allowed Speckled Dace and other fishes to colonize streams flowing into the caldera. The last spill event from Owens Lake seems to have been 10–12,000 years ago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Orme, A. R." box="[159,293,1987,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="518" pagination="51 - 78" refId="ref30213" refString="Orme, A. R. (2008) Pleistocene pluvial lakes of the American West: a short history of research. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 301 (1), 51 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / SP 301.4" type="journal article" year="2008">Orme 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although the dace had presumably already colonized Lake Manly and the Amargosa River by that time. In the Owens Valley, Long Valley Speckled Dace and the Owens Valley populations of Amargosa Speckled Dace now occupy a few spring systems or artificial refuges. They have been extirpated from most of their historic ranges. Amargosa Desert Speckled Dace apparently were once found throughout the lower elevation reaches of the Owens River and tributaries (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Snyder, J. O." box="[481,629,259,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" pagination="201 - 205" refId="ref31784" refString="Snyder, J. O. (1917) An account of some fishes from Owens River, California. Proceedings, United States National Museum, 54, 201 - 205. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.2233.201" type="journal article" year="1917">Snyder 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,435,294,320]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">Genetics/Genomics.</emphasis>
|
||
The genomics-based analysis of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Su, Y. & Moyle, P. B. & Campbell, M. A. & Finger, A. J. & O'Rourke, S. & Baumsteiger, J. & Miller, M. R." box="[819,1000,295,321]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" pagination="695 - 710" refId="ref32073" refString="Su, Y., Moyle, P. B., Campbell, M. A., Finger, A. J., O'Rourke, S., Baumsteiger, J. & Miller, M. R. (2022) Population genomic analysis of the Speckled Dace species complex identifies three distinct lineages in California. Transactions of American Fisheries Society, 151, 695 - 710. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / tafs. 10388" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Su
|
||
<emphasis box="[857,916,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2022)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
supports treating the Desert Speckled Dace as a widely distributed lineage, with three sub-lineages. The major lineage fits our definition of a species. The three sub-lineages can be regarded as subspecies:
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Moyle & Buckmaster & Su, 2023" authorityName="Moyle & Buckmaster & Su" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Moyle & Buckmaster & Su" baseAuthorityYear="2023" box="[759,940,367,393]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nevadensis" status="R. n." subSpecies="nevadensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[759,940,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">R. n. nevadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[954,1098,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[954,1006,367,392]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" rank="subSpecies">R. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
caldera
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis box="[1159,1312,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">
|
||
R. n.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1217,1312,367,393]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">robustus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(described below). The analysis also shows that Speckled Dace from the Death Valley and Owens Valley regions share a recent ancestry (via the Amargosa River) but also show some divergence. They are best treated as Distinct Population Segments of
|
||
<emphasis box="[297,589,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moyle & Buckmaster & Su" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Moyle & Buckmaster & Su" baseAuthorityYear="2023" box="[297,585,475,501]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nevadensis" subSpecies="nevadensis">R. nevadensis nevadensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,273,511,537]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">Notes.</emphasis>
|
||
This analysis supports the finding that the Desert Speckled Dace is a species with three geographically and genomically defined subspecies. However, most of its distribution is encompassed by
|
||
<emphasis box="[1199,1360,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">
|
||
R. n.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1265,1360,547,573]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">robustus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in the Lahontan Basin. See subspecies accounts for more details.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="519" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,334,619,645]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Desert Speckled Dace is the new common name we propose for the Speckled Dace species which occurs in the Lahontan Basin and in the Owens and Death Valley systems. These regions are all very arid, and include Death Valley, one of the hottest and driest places on Earth. The first description of this species was based on specimens from Ash Meadows,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[553,641,727,753]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
, hence
|
||
<emphasis box="[728,859,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[728,855,727,753]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nevadensis">nevadensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Genomics allows us to recognize three subspecies of Desert Speckled Dace that have been isolated from one another, Lahontan Speckled Dace, Amargosa Speckled Dace, and Long Valley Speckled Dace. Both the Lahontan Speckled Dace and the Amargosa Speckled Dace were originally described as species,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[513,640,835,861]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[513,640,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">R. robustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[698,854,835,861]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nevadensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[698,854,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">R. nevadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively. However, they both also have a long history of being treated as subspecies of
|
||
<emphasis box="[609,893,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Girard" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[609,727,871,897]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="osculus">R. osculus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[738,893,871,897]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nevadensis">R. nevadensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is used as the species name for Desert Speckled Dace because it was described in 1893, nine years before
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[841,972,907,933]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[841,972,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">R. robustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described. The rules of zoological nomenclature declare that the oldest name used in a species description has precedence as the name for the species (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 1999, 4
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[792,805,978,992]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">th</superScript>
|
||
Edition, Chapter 11, Article 50.4. 1999)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |