413 lines
46 KiB
XML
413 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5249.5.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7701357" ID-ZooBank="F146B808-9D5B-477F-9E73-09A8DFDBFA31" approvalRequired="12" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="12" checkinTime="1678097781678" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moyle, Peter B., Buckmaster, Nicholas & Su, Yingxin" docDate="2023" docId="03D1EC51DE03FF8F3FFFFCE7C970F830" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5249.5.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5249 (5)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5249.5.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhinichthys nevadensis subsp. caldera Moyle & Buckmaster & Su 2023, new subspecies" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="524" masterDocId="FFE89429DE15FF983F68FF81CD38FF89" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of the Speckled Dace Species Complex (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae, Rhinichthys) in California, USA" masterLastPageNumber="539" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="523" updateTime="1678098333465" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomy of the Speckled Dace Species Complex (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae, Rhinichthys) in California, USA</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Moyle, Peter B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Center for Watershed Sciences & Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, 425 LaRue Road, Davis CA 95626 USA.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Buckmaster, Nicholas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>California Department of Fish & Wildlife, 787 Main Street, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. Nick. buckmaster @ wildlife. ca. gov Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis CA 95616 USA. syxsu @ ucdavis. edu Corresponding author. pbmoyle @ ucdavis. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4825 - 4865</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Su, Yingxin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-4825-4865</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">pbmoyle@ucdavis.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-03-06</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>5249</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>5</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>501</mods:start>
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<mods:end>539</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5249.5.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5249.5.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7701357</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701335" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7701335" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE03FF8F3FFFFCE7C970F830" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1EC51DE03FF8F3FFFFCE7C970F830" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="524" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,1090,870,897]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,1090,870,897]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
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<taxonomicName authority="Moyle & Buckmaster & Su, 2023" authorityName="Moyle & Buckmaster & Su" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,535,870,897]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nevadensis" status="new subspecies" subSpecies="caldera">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,535,870,897]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Rhinichthys nevadensis caldera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[549,739,870,897]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" rank="subSpecies">new subspecies</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, Long Valley Speckled Dace
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="22.[151,1090,870,933]" box="[151,320,907,933]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
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<tableCitation box="[151,235,907,933]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="29.[152,245,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 3. Mean values of meristics of Amargosa Speckled Dace (from Amargosa River, Ash Meadows, and Owens Valley) compared to Long Valley and Lahontan Speckled Dace, from Sada et al. (1993). LLS, lateral line scales; LLP, lateral line scales with pores, PFR, pectoral-fin rays; PEFR, pelvic; Vert, vertebrae; Barbels, percent with maxillary barbels; STB canal, percent with a complete supratemporal canal; Frenum, percent with complete frenum. All counts are mean numbers." pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Table 3</tableCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation box="[248,316,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[152,255,724,748]" captionTargetBox="[149,1438,181,700]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[149,1438,181,700]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotypes of new taxa of Rhinichthys described in this paper, A. Santa Ana Speckled Dace (R. gabrieleno WFB 3498. B. Long Valley Speckled Dace (R. nevadensis caldera) WFB 5000, C. Warner Speckled Dace (R. klamathensis goyatoka) WFB 122-10-44, D. Sacramento Speckled Dace (R. klamathensis achomawi) WFB 3171." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701365/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="523" type="description">
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||
<paragraph blockId="22.[151,957,975,1030]" box="[151,957,975,999]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,265,975,999]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Synonymy</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[279,483,975,999]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="539" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="osculus">
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Rhinichthys
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<emphasis box="[407,483,975,999]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">osculus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis box="[490,555,975,999]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">subsp.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Sada, D. W. & Britten, H. B. & Brussard, P. F." box="[560,772,975,999]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" pagination="350 - 359" refId="ref30825" refString="Sada, D. W., Britten, H. B. & Brussard, P. F. (1995) Desert aquatic ecosystems and the genetic and morphological diversity of Death Valley system Speckled Dace. In: Nielsen, J. L. (Ed.), Evolution and the Aquatic System. American Fisheries Society Symposium, 17, pp. 350 - 359." type="journal article" year="1995">
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Sada
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<emphasis box="[616,667,975,999]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">et al.</emphasis>
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1995:356
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B." box="[782,953,975,999]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" refId="ref29646" refString="Moyle, P. B. (2002) Inland Fishes of California, Revised and Expanded. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 504 pp." type="book" year="2002">Moyle 2002:161</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="22.[151,957,975,1030]" box="[151,926,1006,1030]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
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Otherwise see synonyms for Desert Speckled Dace,
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<emphasis box="[682,926,1006,1030]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
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<taxonomicName box="[682,922,1006,1030]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nevadensis">Rhinichthys nevadensis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="523" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[151,1437,1076,2038]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-07-29" county="Inyo County" latitude="37.36062" location="White Mountain Research Center" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-118.32937" municipality="Standard" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,260,1076,1102]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
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||
<typeStatus box="[151,260,1076,1102]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
: WFB 5000 (
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||
<figureCitation box="[423,496,1076,1102]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[152,255,724,748]" captionTargetBox="[149,1438,181,700]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[149,1438,181,700]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotypes of new taxa of Rhinichthys described in this paper, A. Santa Ana Speckled Dace (R. gabrieleno WFB 3498. B. Long Valley Speckled Dace (R. nevadensis caldera) WFB 5000, C. Warner Speckled Dace (R. klamathensis goyatoka) WFB 122-10-44, D. Sacramento Speckled Dace (R. klamathensis achomawi) WFB 3171." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701365/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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).
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length
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, fork length
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<quantity box="[946,1031,1076,1103]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
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;
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE03FF8F3FFFFCE7C970F830:8EA70B9CDE03FF8E3B7DFBB5C9E9FBC7" box="[1045,1233,1076,1102]" county="Inyo County" latitude="37.36062" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-118.32937" municipality="Standard" name="White Mountain" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" stateProvince="California">
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White
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE03FF8F3FFFFCE7C970F830:8EA70B9CDE03FF8E3B0CFBB5C9E9FBC7" box="[1124,1233,1076,1102]" county="Inyo County" latitude="37.36062" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-118.32937" municipality="Standard" name="Mountain Research Center" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" stateProvince="California">Mountain</location>
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</location>
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Research Center
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</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE03FF8F3FFFFCE7C970F830:8EA70B9CDE03FF8E3FFFFBD9CC7FFBFB" box="[151,327,1112,1138]" county="Inyo County" latitude="37.36062" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-118.32937" municipality="Standard" name="Northeast Pond" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" stateProvince="California">Northeast Pond</location>
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<geoCoordinate box="[336,486,1112,1138]" degrees="37.360618" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" precision="1" value="37.36062">37.360618°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate box="[495,666,1112,1138]" degrees="118.329370" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" precision="1" value="-118.32937">118.329370°W</geoCoordinate>
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.
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<collectingCounty box="[678,823,1112,1139]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Inyo County</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[835,951,1112,1138]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">California</collectingRegion>
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,
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<date box="[965,1124,1112,1138]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" value="2021-07-29">
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||
<collectingDate box="[965,1124,1112,1138]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" value="2021-07-29">July 29, 2021</collectingDate>
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</date>
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.
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE03FF8F3FFFFCE7C970F830:8EA70B9CDE03FF8E3B19FBD9C860FBFB" box="[1137,1368,1112,1138]" county="Inyo County" latitude="37.36062" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-118.32937" municipality="Standard" name="Nicolas Buckmaster" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" stateProvince="California">Nicolas Buckmaster</location>
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,
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE03FF8F3FFFFCE7C970F830:8EA70B9CDE03FF8E3A0CFBD8CDF0FB1F" county="Inyo County" latitude="37.36062" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-118.32937" municipality="Standard" name="Rosa Cox" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" stateProvince="California">Rosa Cox</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[212,326,1148,1174]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">California</collectingRegion>
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE03FF8F3FFFFCE7C970F830:8EA70B9CDE03FF8E3E24FBFCCF1EFB1F" box="[332,550,1148,1175]" county="Inyo County" latitude="37.36062" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-118.32937" municipality="Standard" name="Department of Fish" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" stateProvince="California">Department of Fish</location>
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and
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE03FF8F3FFFFCE7C970F830:8EA70B9CDE03FF8E3D34FBFDCF80FB1F" box="[604,696,1148,1174]" county="Inyo County" latitude="37.36062" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-118.32937" municipality="Standard" name="Wildlife" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" stateProvince="California">Wildlife</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="22.[151,1437,1076,2038]" box="[199,811,1184,1211]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,319,1184,1210]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
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||
<typeStatus box="[199,319,1184,1210]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
: WFB 5001-5009 (n=9). Same as
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<typeStatus box="[705,807,1184,1210]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="22.[151,1437,1076,2038]" box="[199,556,1220,1247]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,298,1220,1246]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Meristic</emphasis>
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||
s:
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||
<typeStatus box="[324,422,1220,1246]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
(
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<typeStatus box="[437,548,1220,1246]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="22.[151,1437,1076,2038]" box="[199,826,1256,1283]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
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||
<emphasis box="[199,406,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Lateral line scales</emphasis>
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: 64 (59–80). Lateral line incomplete.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="22.[151,1437,1076,2038]" box="[199,902,1292,1319]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
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||
<emphasis box="[199,475,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Scales above lateral line</emphasis>
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||
: 10 (9–12), scales difficult to discern.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="22.[151,1437,1076,2038]" box="[199,835,1328,1355]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
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||
<emphasis box="[199,485,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Scales below lateral line:</emphasis>
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||
9 (6–10), scales hard to discern
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="22.[151,1437,1076,2038]" box="[199,899,1364,1391]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
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||
<emphasis box="[199,380,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Dorsal-fin rays:</emphasis>
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8(7–8), counts include single unbranched ray.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="22.[151,1437,1076,2038]" box="[199,879,1400,1427]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
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||
<emphasis box="[199,346,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Anal-fin rays</emphasis>
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: 7 (6–7), counts include single unbranched ray.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="22.[151,1437,1076,2038]" box="[199,1217,1436,1463]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
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||
<emphasis box="[199,390,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Pectoral-fin rays</emphasis>
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13 (11–12), counts include anterior and posterior single unbranched rays.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="22.[151,1437,1076,2038]" box="[199,794,1472,1499]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
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||
<emphasis box="[199,269,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Pelvic</emphasis>
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7 (6–8), counts include single unbranched ray.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="22.[151,1437,1076,2038]" box="[199,471,1508,1534]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,376,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Caudal-fin rays</emphasis>
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||
19 (19).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="523" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph blockId="22.[151,1437,1076,2038]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,314,1544,1570]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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||
. The Long Valley Speckled Dace is a cryptic taxon, very similar in its meristics to the Amargosa Speckled Dace (
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||
<tableCitation box="[337,427,1580,1606]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="29.[152,245,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 3. Mean values of meristics of Amargosa Speckled Dace (from Amargosa River, Ash Meadows, and Owens Valley) compared to Long Valley and Lahontan Speckled Dace, from Sada et al. (1993). LLS, lateral line scales; LLP, lateral line scales with pores, PFR, pectoral-fin rays; PEFR, pelvic; Vert, vertebrae; Barbels, percent with maxillary barbels; STB canal, percent with a complete supratemporal canal; Frenum, percent with complete frenum. All counts are mean numbers." pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Table 3</tableCitation>
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||
). They are distinguished from other Speckled Dace by their being endemic to the Long Valley region and having a distinct evolutionary lineage, as revealed by genomics (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Su, Y. & Moyle, P. B. & Campbell, M. A. & Finger, A. J. & O'Rourke, S. & Baumsteiger, J. & Miller, M. R." box="[1076,1237,1616,1642]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" pagination="695 - 710" refId="ref32073" refString="Su, Y., Moyle, P. B., Campbell, M. A., Finger, A. J., O'Rourke, S., Baumsteiger, J. & Miller, M. R. (2022) Population genomic analysis of the Speckled Dace species complex identifies three distinct lineages in California. Transactions of American Fisheries Society, 151, 695 - 710. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / tafs. 10388" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Su
|
||
<emphasis box="[1114,1170,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Adults are small (rarely more than
|
||
<quantity box="[358,439,1652,1679]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" unit="mm" value="75.0">75 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL) and recognizable as Speckled Dace by their thick caudal peduncle, sub-cylindrical body, small fins, small eyes (relative to head), and blunt, pointed snout. In life, they are a bronzy color with light speckling (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[278,350,1724,1750]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="26.[152,255,1615,1639]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,275,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-59@26.[154,1434,272,1592]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 6. Top. Holotype, Lahontan Speckled Dace, from Rutter (1903). Middle, Long Valley Speckled Dace from Whitmore Marsh, 2014, showing life colors. Photo by Jacob Katz. Bottom: Western Speckled Dace, type specimen, from Evermann and Meek (1898)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701369/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Striping is largely absent. Maxillary barbels and a frenum are usually absent. They can be distinguished statistically from similar Amargosa Speckled Dace by slightly higher average numbers of pectoral and pelvic, higher lateral line scale count, lower lateral line pore scale count, and absence of maxillary barbels (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sada, D. W." pageId="22" pageNumber="523" refId="ref30734" refString="Sada, D. W. (1989) Status, distribution, and morphological variation of Speckled Dace in the Owens River system. Final Report. California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento, California, 37 pp." type="book" year="1989">
|
||
Sada
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,209,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sada, D. W. & Britten, H. B. & Brussard, P. F." box="[289,349,1832,1859]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" pagination="350 - 359" refId="ref30825" refString="Sada, D. W., Britten, H. B. & Brussard, P. F. (1995) Desert aquatic ecosystems and the genetic and morphological diversity of Death Valley system Speckled Dace. In: Nielsen, J. L. (Ed.), Evolution and the Aquatic System. American Fisheries Society Symposium, 17, pp. 350 - 359." type="journal article" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The following mean counts (standard error) are from Long Valley Speckled Dace collected in Whitmore Hot Springs and at an unnamed spring at Little Alkali Lake (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sada, D. W." box="[948,1070,1868,1894]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" refId="ref30734" refString="Sada, D. W. (1989) Status, distribution, and morphological variation of Speckled Dace in the Owens River system. Final Report. California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento, California, 37 pp." type="book" year="1989">Sada 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1081,1165,1868,1894]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="29.[152,245,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 3. Mean values of meristics of Amargosa Speckled Dace (from Amargosa River, Ash Meadows, and Owens Valley) compared to Long Valley and Lahontan Speckled Dace, from Sada et al. (1993). LLS, lateral line scales; LLP, lateral line scales with pores, PFR, pectoral-fin rays; PEFR, pelvic; Vert, vertebrae; Barbels, percent with maxillary barbels; STB canal, percent with a complete supratemporal canal; Frenum, percent with complete frenum. All counts are mean numbers." pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
): lateral line scales 61.7 (1.4); lateral line scales with pores 19.0 (5.0); dorsal-fin rays 8.0 (0.0); anal-fin rays 7.0 (0.0); pectoral-fin rays 13.0 (0.4); pelvic 7.4 (0.2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="524" pageId="22" pageNumber="523" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[151,1437,1076,2038]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,337,1976,2002]" pageId="22" pageNumber="523">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Long Valley Speckled Dace are small, active fish with the typical Speckled Dace morphology, as described for the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,435,150,176]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">Genetics/Genomics.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sada, D. W." box="[442,637,151,177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" refId="ref30734" refString="Sada, D. W. (1989) Status, distribution, and morphological variation of Speckled Dace in the Owens River system. Final Report. California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento, California, 37 pp." type="book" year="1989">
|
||
Sada
|
||
<emphasis box="[505,561,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sada, D. W. & Britten, H. B. & Brussard, P. F." box="[649,708,150,177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" pagination="350 - 359" refId="ref30825" refString="Sada, D. W., Britten, H. B. & Brussard, P. F. (1995) Desert aquatic ecosystems and the genetic and morphological diversity of Death Valley system Speckled Dace. In: Nielsen, J. L. (Ed.), Evolution and the Aquatic System. American Fisheries Society Symposium, 17, pp. 350 - 359." type="journal article" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), using isozymes and morphometrics, were the first to recognize Long Valley Speckled Dace as different from other dace populations in the region.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Oakey, D. D. & Douglas, M. E. & Douglas, M. R." box="[1081,1302,187,213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" pagination="207 - 221" refId="ref30094" refString="Oakey, D. D., Douglas, M. E. & Douglas, M. R. (2004) Small fish in a large landscape: diversification of Rhinichthys osculus (Cyprinidae) in western North America, Copeia, 2004 (2), 207 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1643 / CG- 02 - 264 R 1" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Oakey
|
||
<emphasis box="[1161,1218,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mussmann, S. M. & Douglas, M. R. & Oakey, D. D. & Douglas, M. E." pageId="23" pageNumber="524" pagination="10798 - 10817" refId="ref30021" refString="Mussmann, S. M., Douglas, M. R., Oakey, D. D. & Douglas, M. E. (2020) Defining relictual biodiversity: conservation units in Speckled Dace (Leuciscidae: Rhinichthys osculus) of the Greater Death Valley Ecosystem. Ecology and Evolution, 10, 10798 - 10817. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.6736" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Mussmann
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,204,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">et al</emphasis>
|
||
(2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Su, Y. & Moyle, P. B. & Campbell, M. A. & Finger, A. J. & O'Rourke, S. & Baumsteiger, J. & Miller, M. R." box="[351,529,223,249]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" pagination="695 - 710" refId="ref32073" refString="Su, Y., Moyle, P. B., Campbell, M. A., Finger, A. J., O'Rourke, S., Baumsteiger, J. & Miller, M. R. (2022) Population genomic analysis of the Speckled Dace species complex identifies three distinct lineages in California. Transactions of American Fisheries Society, 151, 695 - 710. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / tafs. 10388" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Su
|
||
<emphasis box="[391,444,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">et al</emphasis>
|
||
(2022)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
all found genetic differences that separated Long Valley Speckled Dace from Amargosa and Lahontan Speckled Dace.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="524" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,353,294,320]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The historic range of this dace was in the outlets of hot springs and associated marshes in the remains of the Long Valley volcanic caldera, just east of Mammoth Lakes, Mono County, as well as in Hot Creek. It quite likely had its origins when Speckled Dace colonized the upper Owens Valley region from the Mono Lake Basin via Adobe Valley, during a late Pleistocene pluvial period. During this time, Mono Lake levels were high enough so that it periodically spilled into Adobe Valley, which drained into the Owens River, from which fish presumably moved upstream into Long Valley. Subsequent down-faulting of the Owens River and formation of steep waterfalls in the Owens River gorge likely isolated Long Valley from the Owens Valley around 100,000 years ago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hildreth, W. & Fierstein, J." box="[206,522,547,573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref28467" refString="Hildreth, W. & Fierstein, J. (2016) Long Valley Caldera Lake and Reincision of Owens River Gorge. U. S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report, 5120, 1 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.3133 / sir 20165120" type="journal article" year="2016">Hildreth and Fierstein 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,262,583,609]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">Note.</emphasis>
|
||
Long Valley Speckled Dace were considered to be one of the scattered populations of Owens Valley Speckled Dace until
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sada, D. W. & Britten, H. B. & Brussard, P. F." box="[393,593,619,645]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref30776" refString="Sada, D. W., Britten, H. B. & Brussard, P. F. (1993) Morphometric and genetic differentiation among Death Valley System Rhinichthys osculus. CDFG Inland Fisheries Repor t, Contract, FG 0524, 1 - 52." type="book chapter" year="1993">
|
||
Sada
|
||
<emphasis box="[457,516,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1993
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sada, D. W. & Britten, H. B. & Brussard, P. F." box="[608,665,618,645]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" pagination="350 - 359" refId="ref30825" refString="Sada, D. W., Britten, H. B. & Brussard, P. F. (1995) Desert aquatic ecosystems and the genetic and morphological diversity of Death Valley system Speckled Dace. In: Nielsen, J. L. (Ed.), Evolution and the Aquatic System. American Fisheries Society Symposium, 17, pp. 350 - 359." type="journal article" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) showed it was genetically and morphometrically distinct and that it was closely related to dace populations in Ash Meadows, Amargosa River, and elsewhere in Owens Valley and Death Valley.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B." box="[306,460,691,717]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" refId="ref29646" refString="Moyle, P. B. (2002) Inland Fishes of California, Revised and Expanded. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 504 pp." type="book" year="2002">Moyle (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B. & Quinones, R. M. & Katz, J. V. & Weaver, J." box="[513,728,690,717]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" refId="ref29869" refString="Moyle, P. B., Quinones, R. M., Katz, J. V. E, & Weaver, J. (2015) Fish Species of Special Concern in California. 3 rd Edition. Sacramento, California Department of Fish and Wildlife. Available from: https: // wildlife. ca. gov / Conservation / SSC / Fishes (accessed 8 February 2023)" type="url" year="2015">
|
||
Moyle
|
||
<emphasis box="[592,647,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized it as an undescribed subspecies. Our analysis shows that the Long Valley Speckled Dace is a distinct lineage confined to a small part of the Owens Valley region. It merits subspecies designation based on the following lines of evidence.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,320,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
Multiple analyses indicate that Long Valley dace is a distinct lineage (subspecies) within Desert Speckled Dace,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[331,485,835,861]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nevadensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[331,485,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">R. nevadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Oakey, D. D. & Douglas, M. E. & Douglas, M. R." box="[499,694,835,861]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" pagination="207 - 221" refId="ref30094" refString="Oakey, D. D., Douglas, M. E. & Douglas, M. R. (2004) Small fish in a large landscape: diversification of Rhinichthys osculus (Cyprinidae) in western North America, Copeia, 2004 (2), 207 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1643 / CG- 02 - 264 R 1" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Oakey
|
||
<emphasis box="[580,629,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">et al</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mussmann, S. M. & Douglas, M. R. & Oakey, D. D. & Douglas, M. E." box="[705,955,835,861]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" pagination="10798 - 10817" refId="ref30021" refString="Mussmann, S. M., Douglas, M. R., Oakey, D. D. & Douglas, M. E. (2020) Defining relictual biodiversity: conservation units in Speckled Dace (Leuciscidae: Rhinichthys osculus) of the Greater Death Valley Ecosystem. Ecology and Evolution, 10, 10798 - 10817. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.6736" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Mussmann
|
||
<emphasis box="[834,890,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sada, D. W. & Britten, H. B. & Brussard, P. F." box="[966,1141,834,861]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" pagination="350 - 359" refId="ref30825" refString="Sada, D. W., Britten, H. B. & Brussard, P. F. (1995) Desert aquatic ecosystems and the genetic and morphological diversity of Death Valley system Speckled Dace. In: Nielsen, J. L. (Ed.), Evolution and the Aquatic System. American Fisheries Society Symposium, 17, pp. 350 - 359." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Sada
|
||
<emphasis box="[1027,1083,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B." box="[1152,1291,835,861]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" refId="ref29646" refString="Moyle, P. B. (2002) Inland Fishes of California, Revised and Expanded. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 504 pp." type="book" year="2002">Moyle 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B. & Quinones, R. M. & Katz, J. V. & Weaver, J." pageId="23" pageNumber="524" refId="ref29869" refString="Moyle, P. B., Quinones, R. M., Katz, J. V. E, & Weaver, J. (2015) Fish Species of Special Concern in California. 3 rd Edition. Sacramento, California Department of Fish and Wildlife. Available from: https: // wildlife. ca. gov / Conservation / SSC / Fishes (accessed 8 February 2023)" type="url" year="2015">
|
||
Moyle
|
||
<emphasis box="[1381,1437,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Su, Y. & Moyle, P. B. & Campbell, M. A. & Finger, A. J. & O'Rourke, S. & Baumsteiger, J. & Miller, M. R." box="[262,429,871,897]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" pagination="695 - 710" refId="ref32073" refString="Su, Y., Moyle, P. B., Campbell, M. A., Finger, A. J., O'Rourke, S., Baumsteiger, J. & Miller, M. R. (2022) Population genomic analysis of the Speckled Dace species complex identifies three distinct lineages in California. Transactions of American Fisheries Society, 151, 695 - 710. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / tafs. 10388" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Su
|
||
<emphasis box="[298,354,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,428,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">Geography/geology.</emphasis>
|
||
During pluvial periods of the Pleistocene, the Death Valley region was a series of interconnected large lakes, with abundant fishes (Hubbs and Miller 1948). When the climate changed and heavy precipitation stopped falling, the lakes and rivers dried up or became small remnants of what they once were. This process resulted in numerous isolated Speckled Dace populations with little, or at least very infrequent, opportunity for genetic exchange. See Desert Speckled Dace account for more details.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">
|
||
Long Valley is part of the Death Valley regional endemism hotspot with numerous endemic plants and animals, including fishes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sada, D. W. & Britten, H. B. & Brussard, P. F." box="[343,527,1122,1149]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" pagination="350 - 359" refId="ref30825" refString="Sada, D. W., Britten, H. B. & Brussard, P. F. (1995) Desert aquatic ecosystems and the genetic and morphological diversity of Death Valley system Speckled Dace. In: Nielsen, J. L. (Ed.), Evolution and the Aquatic System. American Fisheries Society Symposium, 17, pp. 350 - 359." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Sada
|
||
<emphasis box="[405,461,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Long Valley Speckled Dace can be regarded as another organism endemic to the isolated Owens Valley region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,418,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">Genetics/genomics.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sada, D. W. & Britten, H. B. & Brussard, P. F." box="[428,631,1195,1221]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref30776" refString="Sada, D. W., Britten, H. B. & Brussard, P. F. (1993) Morphometric and genetic differentiation among Death Valley System Rhinichthys osculus. CDFG Inland Fisheries Repor t, Contract, FG 0524, 1 - 52." type="book chapter" year="1993">
|
||
Sada
|
||
<emphasis box="[494,554,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1993
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sada, D. W. & Britten, H. B. & Brussard, P. F." box="[647,704,1194,1221]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" pagination="350 - 359" refId="ref30825" refString="Sada, D. W., Britten, H. B. & Brussard, P. F. (1995) Desert aquatic ecosystems and the genetic and morphological diversity of Death Valley system Speckled Dace. In: Nielsen, J. L. (Ed.), Evolution and the Aquatic System. American Fisheries Society Symposium, 17, pp. 350 - 359." type="journal article" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) were first to recognize that Long Valley Speckled Dace were genetically distinct from other dace, a finding confirmed by other studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mussmann, S. M. & Douglas, M. R. & Oakey, D. D. & Douglas, M. E." box="[993,1250,1231,1257]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" pagination="10798 - 10817" refId="ref30021" refString="Mussmann, S. M., Douglas, M. R., Oakey, D. D. & Douglas, M. E. (2020) Defining relictual biodiversity: conservation units in Speckled Dace (Leuciscidae: Rhinichthys osculus) of the Greater Death Valley Ecosystem. Ecology and Evolution, 10, 10798 - 10817. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.6736" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Mussmann
|
||
<emphasis box="[1126,1183,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Su, Y. & Moyle, P. B. & Campbell, M. A. & Finger, A. J. & O'Rourke, S. & Baumsteiger, J. & Miller, M. R." box="[1262,1425,1231,1257]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" pagination="695 - 710" refId="ref32073" refString="Su, Y., Moyle, P. B., Campbell, M. A., Finger, A. J., O'Rourke, S., Baumsteiger, J. & Miller, M. R. (2022) Population genomic analysis of the Speckled Dace species complex identifies three distinct lineages in California. Transactions of American Fisheries Society, 151, 695 - 710. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / tafs. 10388" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Su
|
||
<emphasis box="[1299,1356,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). See Amargosa Speckled Dace (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gilbert" authorityYear="1893" baseAuthorityName="Moyle & Buckmaster & Su" baseAuthorityYear="2023" box="[502,786,1267,1293]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nevadensis" subSpecies="nevadensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[502,786,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">R. nevadensis nevadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) description for more details.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="524" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,328,1303,1329]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The Long Valley Speckled Dace was historically known only from small streams flowing into the Long Valley Caldera, the remnants of a gigantic volcano that last erupted 0.7 million years ago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hildreth, W. & Fierstein, J." pageId="23" pageNumber="524" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref28467" refString="Hildreth, W. & Fierstein, J. (2016) Long Valley Caldera Lake and Reincision of Owens River Gorge. U. S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report, 5120, 1 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.3133 / sir 20165120" type="journal article" year="2016">Hildreth and Fierstein 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). They colonized the remnants of the caldera during the late Pleistocene, hence
|
||
<emphasis box="[1208,1294,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">caldera</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,452,1410,1436]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">Conservation Status.</emphasis>
|
||
Long Valley Speckled Dace have been extirpated from all but one of their historic collection sites, including Hot Creek. The only population left in its native range (as of 2021) is in Whitmore Marsh and its inlet stream in Long Valley (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B. & Quinones, R. M. & Katz, J. V. & Weaver, J." box="[545,748,1482,1509]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" refId="ref29869" refString="Moyle, P. B., Quinones, R. M., Katz, J. V. E, & Weaver, J. (2015) Fish Species of Special Concern in California. 3 rd Edition. Sacramento, California Department of Fish and Wildlife. Available from: https: // wildlife. ca. gov / Conservation / SSC / Fishes (accessed 8 February 2023)" type="url" year="2015">
|
||
Moyle
|
||
<emphasis box="[625,681,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Unfortunately, this marsh is now maintained by the outflows of a hot spring system that has been developed as a public swimming pool by the Town of Mammoth Lakes. Discharge is approximately 2 cfs and is lightly chlorinated. The outlet stream feeds an alkaline marsh of roughly 1 acre. In 1989, dace occupied 250 meters of stream and two large shallow ponds less than a half meter deep (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B. & Quinones, R. M. & Katz, J. V. & Weaver, J." pageId="23" pageNumber="524" refId="ref29869" refString="Moyle, P. B., Quinones, R. M., Katz, J. V. E, & Weaver, J. (2015) Fish Species of Special Concern in California. 3 rd Edition. Sacramento, California Department of Fish and Wildlife. Available from: https: // wildlife. ca. gov / Conservation / SSC / Fishes (accessed 8 February 2023)" type="url" year="2015">
|
||
Moyle
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,199,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">et al</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Surveys in 2002 and 2009 by CDFW found this population to be relatively stable (S. Parmenter, CDFW, pers. comm. 2009). In 2018, 2019, and 2020, they were not found in these habitats (S. Parmenter, CDFW, in Center for
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Biological Diversity" box="[191,493,1699,1725]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref26938" refString="Center for Biological Diversity (2020) Petition to List Three Populations of Speckled Dace (Rhinichthys osculus) in the Death Valley Region under the Endangered Species Act: Amargosa Canyon Speckled Dace, Long Valley Speckled Dace, Owens Speckled Dace. Submitted to US Fish and Wildlife Service, 8 June 2020, 1 - 48." type="book chapter" year="2020">Biological Diversity, 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, in 2021 and 2022, trapping produced a few fish (R. Black, CDFW, pers. comm, 2021). The only other population is in a single artificial pond into which they were introduced at the White Mountain Research Center, outside their native range; the status of this dace population is checked by CDFW on a routine basis (R. Black, CDFW, pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">
|
||
The multiple causes of decline are discussed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B. & Quinones, R. M. & Katz, J. V. & Weaver, J." box="[730,946,1842,1869]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" refId="ref29869" refString="Moyle, P. B., Quinones, R. M., Katz, J. V. E, & Weaver, J. (2015) Fish Species of Special Concern in California. 3 rd Edition. Sacramento, California Department of Fish and Wildlife. Available from: https: // wildlife. ca. gov / Conservation / SSC / Fishes (accessed 8 February 2023)" type="url" year="2015">
|
||
Moyle
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,865,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="524">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Center for
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Biological Diversity" box="[1120,1433,1843,1869]" pageId="23" pageNumber="524" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref26938" refString="Center for Biological Diversity (2020) Petition to List Three Populations of Speckled Dace (Rhinichthys osculus) in the Death Valley Region under the Endangered Species Act: Amargosa Canyon Speckled Dace, Long Valley Speckled Dace, Owens Speckled Dace. Submitted to US Fish and Wildlife Service, 8 June 2020, 1 - 48." type="book chapter" year="2020">Biological Diversity (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The CBD (2020) has petitioned to have this dace listed as endangered under the federal ESA or else have all Speckled Dace in the Death Valley region included under the 1984 listing of Ash Meadows Speckled Dace as endangered. It is listed as a Species of Special Concern (critical concern) by CDFW.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |