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<document id="8DEAA940E684BEBFD8F4C26B4489D63E" ID-CLB-Dataset="299579" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587" ID-GBIF-Dataset="eb3ae4ae-cecc-4858-b761-64ac08e9130e" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12634985" ID-ZooBank="D991EEB1-5794-46FB-960A-A2A605B50F4D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="karina" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1720006182141" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel &amp; Smith, Graeme B." docDate="2024" docId="03D11A22FFC3F762FF706FE721EDA8FD" docLanguage="en" docName="EJT.2024.943.80-126.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1)" docSource="https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Lepismatidae Latreille 1802" docType="key" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="117" masterDocId="FFE8625AFFDCF747FFCD6E032263AC3D" masterDocTitle="New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="80" pageNumber="111" updateTime="1720213392339" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="C5462519B82DB0894AFA2036EDBEB44C">New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2DB0C18EEB14C59682645BD5BF316DB3">Molero-Baltanás, Rafael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7204A232981B30D90E6B808963459FA1">Department of Zoology, University of Córdoba, C- 1 Campus de Rabanales, 14071 - Córdoba, Spain.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5B2EAC667E4471A4B7A0E24730435C73">Gaju-Ricart, Miquel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="707E3AB991DC7D496E4385AAC7C6B627">Department of Zoology, University of Córdoba, C- 1 Campus de Rabanales, 14071 - Córdoba, Spain.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03D11A22FFC3F762FF706FE721EDA8FD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12668103" ID-GBIF-Taxon="234495128" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12668103" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D11A22FFC3F762FF706FE721EDA8FD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D11A22FFC3F762FF706FE721EDA8FD" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">
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<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFC3F758FF706FE7202EAE3D" blockId="31.[189,589,483,512]" box="[189,589,483,512]" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFC3F758FF706FE7202EAE3D" bold="true" box="[189,589,483,512]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">
Key to genera of 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFC3F758FE506FE0202EAE3D" ID-CoL="BWX" ID-ENA="27551" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[413,589,483,512]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="31" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lepismatidae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFC3F758FF706C1426E3AE82" blockId="31.[188,1399,535,703]" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">
The number of genera previously known and considered as valid in the family 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFC3F758FBA56C142765AE0C" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1128,1286,535,561]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="31" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lepismatidae</taxonomicName>
is 43. As a 44 
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genus is erected in this work, and a genus is split into two, the definitive number increases to 45 extant genera. The following key also includes additional fossil genera, but not 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFC3F758FBB56C5D2299AEA1" authority="Paclt, 1953" authorityName="Paclt" authorityYear="1953" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Apteryskenoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="31" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFC3F758FBB56C5D274EAE45" box="[1144,1325,606,632]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">Apteryskenoma</emphasis>
Paclt, 1953
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and 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFC3F758FEE26C82200CAEA6" authority="Silvestri, 1940" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1940" box="[303,623,641,667]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Panlepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="31" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFC3F758FEE26C8223DAAEA6" box="[303,441,641,667]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">Panlepisma</emphasis>
Silvestri, 1940
</taxonomicName>
; these genera remain unplaced, although their potential position in the key is commented on below the key, together with some additional comments.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C362F8BFFFC3F763FF706CE62714A93A" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="31" pageNumber="111" type="key">
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<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFC3F758FF706CE62714AF78" blockId="31.[189,1399,741,941]" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">
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1. Thoracic sternites reduced, not free and largely covered by coxae, usually with an acute posterior angle (
<figureCitation id="1343B7B1FFC3F758FEF26D0B23C3AF1F" box="[319,416,776,802]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[232,1378,982,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-253@11.[189,1398,969,1847]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 8. Thoracic sternites in Lepismatidae Latreille, 1802. A. Mesosternal plate of Anisolepisma sp., adapted from Smith (2016a). B–D. Thoracic sternites (prosternum, mesosternum and metasternum, respectively) of a species of Ctenolepismatinae Mendes, 1991, Sceletolepisma rodriguezi (Mendes, Molero-Baltanás, Bach de Roca &amp; Gaju-Ricart, 1993) that cover the base of coxae. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12635010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12635010/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
). Males with paramera 
<superScript id="7C0D067CFFC3F758FD7A6D0420A8AF28" attach="right" box="[695,715,775,789]" fontSize="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">(1)</superScript>
, thin and tubuliform, without a subapical glandular area (
<figureCitation id="1343B7B1FFC3F758FF3E6D28233DAF78" box="[243,350,811,837]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1735,1761]" captionTargetBox="[279,1300,281,1682]" captionTargetId="figure-17@17.[249,1339,265,1695]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 12. Paramera of Lepismatidae Latreille, 1802. A. Tubuliform paramere of Acrotelsa collaris (Fabricius, 1793). B. Big swollen paramere of Lepisma saccharinum Linnaeus, 1758, larger than the inner process of coxite IX and with glandular area. C. Medium-sized to small paramere of Neoasterolepisma hespericum Molero-Baltanás, Bach de Roca &amp; Gaju-Ricart, 1997, with a small glandular area. D. Pseudoarticulated paramere with glandular area of Allacrotelsa kraepelini (Escherich, 1905). E. Pseudoarticulated paramere of Visma brigalowsum Smith, Mitchell &amp; Molero-Baltanás 2021. F. A detail of a similar pseudoarticulated paramere, of Visma bingaraSmith, Mitchell &amp; Molero-Baltanás 2021. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12635018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12635018/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
) ..................................................................................................subfam. 
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2
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</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="30890801FFC3F758FF0C6D4D2714AF90" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">
– Thoracic sternites developed, covering coxae, frequently with a more or less rounded hind margin (for example, as in 
<figureCitation id="1343B7B1FFC3F758FE1B6D732078AFB7" box="[470,539,880,906]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[232,1378,982,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-253@11.[189,1398,969,1847]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 8. Thoracic sternites in Lepismatidae Latreille, 1802. A. Mesosternal plate of Anisolepisma sp., adapted from Smith (2016a). B–D. Thoracic sternites (prosternum, mesosternum and metasternum, respectively) of a species of Ctenolepismatinae Mendes, 1991, Sceletolepisma rodriguezi (Mendes, Molero-Baltanás, Bach de Roca &amp; Gaju-Ricart, 1993) that cover the base of coxae. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12635010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12635010/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
B-D). With or without paramera. If the prosternum is reduced, antennae have specialized bidigitate sensilla (
<figureCitation id="1343B7B1FFC3F758FD5E6D90208EAF90" box="[659,749,915,941]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[244,1364,623,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-118@5.[206,1382,606,1849]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Specialized sensilla of theantennae of Lepismatidae Latreille, 1802, adapted from Mendes (1986a). A. Silvestri’s sensillum (basiconic type F following Adel’s terminology). B. Bidigitate. C. Asteriform. D. Asteriform with annulated tegument. E. Poculiform. F. SEM photograph of a poculiform sensillum in Acrotelsella transpectinata Smith, 2016. Scale bars: A–E = 5 μm; F = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12634993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12634993/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
) and males lack paramera ........................................... 7
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyStep id="308CB391FFC3F758FF706DD72714A845" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFC3F758FF706DD72714A82D" blockId="31.[189,1399,979,1145]" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30890801FFC3F758FF706DD72714A82D" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">
2. Head hypognathous, body short and thorax width usually greater than abdominal length (
<figureCitation id="1343B7B1FFC3F758FB316DD0270AAFD3" box="[1276,1385,979,1006]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[189,232,1787,1813]" captionTargetBox="[195,1396,265,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-16@23.[191,1397,265,1739]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 17. Some examples of variability in the body shape and scale pattern of Lepismatidae. A. Sceletolepisma guadianicum (Mendes, 1992), with body shape subcylindrical and greyish-brown uniform dorsal scales. B. Ctenolepisma nicoletii (Lucas, 1846), with the thorax slightly wider than the abdomen and dorsal scales forming longitudinal stripes. C. Neoasterolepisma curtiseta Mendes, 1988, with a wide thorax, detaching from abdomen base, and yellowish scales. D. Lepismina sp., with short body, wide thorax but not markedly detaching from abdomen base, and hypognathous head, not visible dorsally. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12635028" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12635028/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">Fig. 17D</figureCitation>
). Ventral abdominal segments bare, without chaetotaxy. SE Palaearctic ...... 
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<emphasis id="B90C7726FFC3F758FB866DF526A9A82D" bold="true" box="[1099,1226,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">Lepismina</emphasis>
Gervais, 1844
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</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="30890801FFC3F758FF0C6A1A2714A845" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">– Head not hypognathous, body usually elongate and thorax shorter than length of the abdomen. Most ventral abdominal segments with some combs of macrochaetae (usually 2+2 combs on urosternites III–VIII and sometimes one median comb on urosternites I–VII or I–VIII) .................................... 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFC3F758FF706A9C2714A91F" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFC3F758FF706A9C2714A8E1" blockId="31.[189,1399,1183,1314]" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30890801FFC3F758FF706A9C2714A8E1" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">
3. Urotergite X triangular, with acute posterior margin, with several lateral combs (similar to 
<figureCitation id="1343B7B1FFC3F758FF276AC12331A8E1" box="[234,338,1218,1244]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1592,1618]" captionTargetBox="[219,1377,316,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-11@14.[189,1398,286,1531]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 11. Shape and chaetotaxy of the urotergite X (last abdominal tergite) of Lepismatidae Latreille, 1802, variability. A. Caribesella impudica (Escherich, 1905) comb. nov., adapted from Wygodzinsky (1959a). B. Qantelsella louisae Smith, 2015, from Smith (2015). C. Stylifera gigantea (Escherich, 1905), from Irish (1988c). D. Acrotelsella parlevar Smith 2016, from Smith (2016b). E. Hemitelsella clarksonorum Smith, 2016, from Smith (2016b). F. Hemitelsella hortorum Smith &amp; Mitchell, 2021, from Smith &amp; Mitchell (2021). G. Thermobia vallaris Irish, 1988, from Irish (1988b). H. Thermobia domestica (Packard, 1873), from Irish (1988b). I. Sceletolepisma sagartianum (Molero, Kahrarian &amp; Gaju, 2016), from Kahrarian et al. (2016). J. Hyperlepisma patrizii Silvestri, 1932, from Silvestri (1932). K. Nebkhalepisma australe (Wygodzinsky, 1959), from Wygodzinsky (1959b). L. Hyperlepisma arabiense Irish, 1991, from Irish (1991). M. Ornatilepisma horni Irish, 1988, from Irish (1988a). N. Swalepisma mirabile Irish, 1988, from Irish &amp; Mendes (1988). O. Sceletolepisma occidentale (Irish, 1987), from Irish (1987)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12635016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12635016/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
) ........................................................................................................................................... 4
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFC3F758FF0C6AE62714A91F" blockId="31.[189,1399,1183,1314]" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30890801FFC3F758FF0C6AE62714A91F" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">– Urotergite X trapezoidal or rounded, with posterior margin more or less straight or rounded but not clearly acute, with 1+1 lateral combs ............................................................................................... 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="30890801FFC3F758FF706B4B2714A9B8" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">
4. Hind margins of thoracic tergites with 1+1 combs of macrochaetae. Ovipositor thin, with fine setae apically (primary 
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). New 
<collectingCountry id="F36FEBA4FFC3F758FD8B6B6820F8A9B8" box="[582,667,1387,1413]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">Guinea</collectingCountry>
.......................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFC3F758FB9F6B692714A9B8" authority="Paclt, 1967" authorityName="Paclt" authorityYear="1967" box="[1106,1399,1386,1413]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Paracrotelsa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="31" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFC3F758FB9F6B692688A9B8" bold="true" box="[1106,1259,1386,1413]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">Paracrotelsa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9D6C5FFC3F758FB3F6B682714A9B8" author="Paclt J." box="[1266,1399,1387,1413]" pageId="31" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref21992" refString="Paclt J. 1967. Thysanura. Fam. Lepidotrichidae, Maindroniidae, Lepismatidae. Genera Insectorum 218 e: 1 - 86. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 53220988 [accessed 14 May 2024]." type="book chapter" year="1967">Paclt, 1967</bibRefCitation>
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– Hind margins of thoracic tergites without 1+1 combs of macrochaetae. Ovipositor with some subapical sclerotized spines (secondary 
<typeStatus id="54C31596FFC3F758FD0D6BB32094A9F7" box="[704,759,1456,1482]" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">type</typeStatus>
). Pantropical, synanthropic ......................................... ................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFC3F758FB8D6BD12714A9D0" ID-CoL="627TV" authority="Escherich, 1905" authorityName="Escherich" authorityYear="1905" box="[1088,1399,1490,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Acrotelsa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="31" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFC3F758FB8D6BD126D1A9D0" bold="true" box="[1088,1202,1490,1517]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">Acrotelsa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9D6C5FFC3F758FB746BD02714A9D0" author="Escherich K." box="[1209,1399,1490,1517]" pageId="31" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref20193" refString="Escherich K. 1905. Das System der Lepismatiden. Zoologica (Stuttgart) 43: 1 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7909" type="journal article" year="1905">Escherich, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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5. Last segment of labial palp with five papillae arranged in two rows (2+3). Some macrochaetae slightly feathered. Setal collar of pronotum covering 50–60% of anterior margin. E Palaearctic 
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<emphasis id="B90C7726FFC3F758FAAC68342713AA6C" bold="true" box="[1377,1392,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">..</emphasis>
.................................................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFC3F758FBF6685A2714AA4E" authority="Kaplin, 1992" authorityName="Kaplin" authorityYear="1992" box="[1083,1399,1625,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Desertinoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="31" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFC3F758FBF6685A26B5AA4E" bold="true" box="[1083,1238,1625,1651]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">Desertinoma</emphasis>
Kaplin, 1992
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<keyLead id="30890801FFC3F758FF0C687F2714AA85" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">– Last segment of labial palp with four papillae arranged in two rows or forming a diamond. All macrochaetae smooth. Without a setal collar on the pronotum, only with 1+1 setal tufts ............... 6</keyLead>
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6. Hind margin of urotergite X concave. Without median combs on all urosternites. 
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................ ............................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFC3F758FBD269022714AB21" authority="Mendes, 2004" authorityName="Mendes" authorityYear="2004" box="[1055,1399,1793,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Primacrotelsa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="31" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFC3F758FBD2690226ABAB21" bold="true" box="[1055,1224,1793,1820]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">Primacrotelsa</emphasis>
Mendes, 2004
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFC3F758FF0C69262714AB5C" blockId="31.[189,1399,1759,1890]" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">
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– Hind margin of urotergite X rounded, convex. Median combs present on one or more urosternites. 
<collectingCountry id="F36FEBA4FFC3F758FF2669442334AB5C" box="[235,343,1863,1889]" name="Australia" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">Australia</collectingCountry>
..................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFC3F758FB8569442714AB5C" authority="Paclt, 1967" authorityName="Paclt" authorityYear="1967" box="[1096,1399,1863,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Anisolepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="31" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFC3F758FB8569442688AB5F" bold="true" box="[1096,1259,1863,1890]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">Anisolepisma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9D6C5FFC3F758FB3F69442714AB5C" author="Paclt J." box="[1266,1399,1863,1889]" pageId="31" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref21992" refString="Paclt J. 1967. Thysanura. Fam. Lepidotrichidae, Maindroniidae, Lepismatidae. Genera Insectorum 218 e: 1 - 86. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 53220988 [accessed 14 May 2024]." type="book chapter" year="1967">Paclt, 1967</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFC3F758FF70698A2714AB9F" blockId="31.[189,1399,1928,2024]" box="[189,1399,1928,1955]" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">
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7. Macrochaetae smooth, usually bifid apically (
<figureCitation id="1343B7B1FFC3F758FCCC698B2102AB9F" box="[769,865,1928,1954]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1849,1875]" captionTargetBox="[200,1386,833,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-232@12.[189,1398,819,1807]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 9. Chaetotaxy of coxae in Lepismatidae Latreille, 1802, micrographs of the external margin of the coxa. A. Caribesella impudica (Escherich, 1905) comb. nov., showing discrete combs of few macrochaetae. B. Neoasterolepisma curtiseta Mendes, 1988, showing isolated macrochaetae inside a row of setulae. C. Ctenolepisma nicoletii (Lucas, 1846), with an irregular row of macrochaetae not clearly arranged in combs. Scale bars: A, C = 0.1 mm; B = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12635012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12635012/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">Figs 9B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1343B7B1FFC3F758FCA0698B2181AB9F" box="[877,994,1928,1954]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1671,1697]" captionTargetBox="[203,1390,282,1604]" captionTargetId="figure-11@22.[189,1398,270,1613]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 16. Types of macrochaetae in Lepismatidae Latreille, 1802. A. Micrograph of smooth bifid macrochaetae on the mandible of Allacrotelsa kraepelini (Escherich, 1905). B. Comb of smooth and apically bifid macrochaetae of Anisolepisma aquilonaridum Smith, 2016, SEM photograph. C. Micrograph of feathered macrochaetae on the mandible of Ctenolepisma iranicum Molero, Kahrarian &amp; Gaju, 2016. D. Feathered macrochaetae on the frontal area of the head of Hemitelsella transpectinata (Smith, 2015). E. Design of the smooth macrochetae with a round tip on the mandible of Mormisma peyerimhoffi (Silvestri, 1938), adapted from Silvestri (1938). F. Feathered/plumose macrochaeta of the cerci of Swalepisma mirabile Irish, 1988, SEM photograph. Scale bars: A, C–E = 0.1 mm; B, F = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12635026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12635026/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">16A, 16E</figureCitation>
). Males with paramera .............. 8
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFC3F767FF0C69A82715AD7B" blockId="31.[189,1399,1928,2024]" lastBlockId="32.[234,1399,265,326]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">
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– Macrochaetae frequently feathered (
<figureCitation id="1343B7B1FFC3F758FD5169A8209CABF8" box="[668,767,1963,1989]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1849,1875]" captionTargetBox="[200,1386,833,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-232@12.[189,1398,819,1807]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 9. Chaetotaxy of coxae in Lepismatidae Latreille, 1802, micrographs of the external margin of the coxa. A. Caribesella impudica (Escherich, 1905) comb. nov., showing discrete combs of few macrochaetae. B. Neoasterolepisma curtiseta Mendes, 1988, showing isolated macrochaetae inside a row of setulae. C. Ctenolepisma nicoletii (Lucas, 1846), with an irregular row of macrochaetae not clearly arranged in combs. Scale bars: A, C = 0.1 mm; B = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12635012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12635012/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">Figs 9C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1343B7B1FFC3F758FCC369A821EAABF8" box="[782,905,1963,1989]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1671,1697]" captionTargetBox="[203,1390,282,1604]" captionTargetId="figure-11@22.[189,1398,270,1613]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 16. Types of macrochaetae in Lepismatidae Latreille, 1802. A. Micrograph of smooth bifid macrochaetae on the mandible of Allacrotelsa kraepelini (Escherich, 1905). B. Comb of smooth and apically bifid macrochaetae of Anisolepisma aquilonaridum Smith, 2016, SEM photograph. C. Micrograph of feathered macrochaetae on the mandible of Ctenolepisma iranicum Molero, Kahrarian &amp; Gaju, 2016. D. Feathered macrochaetae on the frontal area of the head of Hemitelsella transpectinata (Smith, 2015). E. Design of the smooth macrochetae with a round tip on the mandible of Mormisma peyerimhoffi (Silvestri, 1938), adapted from Silvestri (1938). F. Feathered/plumose macrochaeta of the cerci of Swalepisma mirabile Irish, 1988, SEM photograph. Scale bars: A, C–E = 0.1 mm; B, F = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12635026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12635026/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">16C–D, F</figureCitation>
); if smooth, some may have rounded tip (“false-smooth” macrochaetae, as the bigger ones in 
<figureCitation id="1343B7B1FFC3F758FC9569CE21DCABDA" box="[856,959,1997,2023]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1671,1697]" captionTargetBox="[203,1390,282,1604]" captionTargetId="figure-11@22.[189,1398,270,1613]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 16. Types of macrochaetae in Lepismatidae Latreille, 1802. A. Micrograph of smooth bifid macrochaetae on the mandible of Allacrotelsa kraepelini (Escherich, 1905). B. Comb of smooth and apically bifid macrochaetae of Anisolepisma aquilonaridum Smith, 2016, SEM photograph. C. Micrograph of feathered macrochaetae on the mandible of Ctenolepisma iranicum Molero, Kahrarian &amp; Gaju, 2016. D. Feathered macrochaetae on the frontal area of the head of Hemitelsella transpectinata (Smith, 2015). E. Design of the smooth macrochetae with a round tip on the mandible of Mormisma peyerimhoffi (Silvestri, 1938), adapted from Silvestri (1938). F. Feathered/plumose macrochaeta of the cerci of Swalepisma mirabile Irish, 1988, SEM photograph. Scale bars: A, C–E = 0.1 mm; B, F = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12635026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12635026/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="111">Fig. 16E</figureCitation>
) and urotergal setation is very dense, consisting mainly of wide setal fringes and if grouped, spaces between groups are narrower than groups and these species are found only in Namib Desert dunes. Males lacking paramera .......... 21
</keyLead>
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<keyStep id="308CB391FFFCF767FF706F6E2715AE9C" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFCF767FF706F6E2714ADCC" blockId="32.[189,1399,365,673]" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFCF767FF706F6E2714ADCC" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
8. Anterior margin of pronotum with setal collar (as in 
<figureCitation id="1343B7B1FFFCF767FC8A6F6E21C7ADB5" box="[839,932,365,392]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1611,1637]" captionTargetBox="[211,1389,485,1559]" captionTargetId="figure-73@8.[189,1398,474,1568]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Chaetotaxy of thoracic nota of Lepismatidae Latreille, 1802. A. Pronotum with setal collar (sc) of Psammolepisma schultzei (Silvestri, 1908), with lateral combs of macrochaetae (lc). Adapted from Irish (1988). Abbreviations: plc = posterolateral comb of macrochaetae, in this case inserted in a very lateral position of the posterior margin; pt = posterior trichobothrium, associated to the last lateral comb (N); the anterior trichobothrium is associated with the antepenultimate lateral comb (N–2). B. Pronotum with bare anterior margin of Neoasterolepisma balcanicum (Stach, 1922), without lateral combs of macrochaetae, only marginal setae (ms). Adapted from Molero-Baltanás et al. (1997). Abbreviations: ata = anterior open trichobothrial areas (the posterior ones are also open in this genus); ps = setulae associated with the posterior margin (in species of Tricholepisma these setae are transformed into macrochaetae: bigger and bifid apically). C. Micrograph of the left anterolateral corner of the pronotum of Allacrotelsa kraepelini, with 1+1 anterolateral groups of macrochaetae, marked with an arrow (and the remaining anterior margin bare). Scale bars = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12635002" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12635002/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). Antennae usually with a poor diversity of sensilla (basiconic, trichobothria, chaetic and trichoid sensilla). Femora and tibiae with or without scales; if present, these scales are different to those covering coxae and body .................................. ............................................................................................................subfam. 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFCF767FBA36FD42731ADCC" authorityName="Mendes" authorityYear="1991" box="[1134,1362,471,497]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="32" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heterolepismatinae">Heterolepismatinae</taxonomicName>
9
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFCF767FF0C6FF92715AE9C" blockId="32.[189,1399,365,673]" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFCF767FF0C6FF92715AE9C" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
– Anterior margin of pronotum without setal collar (as in 
<figureCitation id="1343B7B1FFFCF767FCB46FF921B0AE28" box="[889,979,506,533]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1611,1637]" captionTargetBox="[211,1389,485,1559]" captionTargetId="figure-73@8.[189,1398,474,1568]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Chaetotaxy of thoracic nota of Lepismatidae Latreille, 1802. A. Pronotum with setal collar (sc) of Psammolepisma schultzei (Silvestri, 1908), with lateral combs of macrochaetae (lc). Adapted from Irish (1988). Abbreviations: plc = posterolateral comb of macrochaetae, in this case inserted in a very lateral position of the posterior margin; pt = posterior trichobothrium, associated to the last lateral comb (N); the anterior trichobothrium is associated with the antepenultimate lateral comb (N–2). B. Pronotum with bare anterior margin of Neoasterolepisma balcanicum (Stach, 1922), without lateral combs of macrochaetae, only marginal setae (ms). Adapted from Molero-Baltanás et al. (1997). Abbreviations: ata = anterior open trichobothrial areas (the posterior ones are also open in this genus); ps = setulae associated with the posterior margin (in species of Tricholepisma these setae are transformed into macrochaetae: bigger and bifid apically). C. Micrograph of the left anterolateral corner of the pronotum of Allacrotelsa kraepelini, with 1+1 anterolateral groups of macrochaetae, marked with an arrow (and the remaining anterior margin bare). Scale bars = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12635002" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12635002/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
), at most one group of anterolateral macrochaetae inserted on each corner (
<figureCitation id="1343B7B1FFFCF767FD636C1E216AAE05" box="[686,777,541,568]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1611,1637]" captionTargetBox="[211,1389,485,1559]" captionTargetId="figure-73@8.[189,1398,474,1568]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Chaetotaxy of thoracic nota of Lepismatidae Latreille, 1802. A. Pronotum with setal collar (sc) of Psammolepisma schultzei (Silvestri, 1908), with lateral combs of macrochaetae (lc). Adapted from Irish (1988). Abbreviations: plc = posterolateral comb of macrochaetae, in this case inserted in a very lateral position of the posterior margin; pt = posterior trichobothrium, associated to the last lateral comb (N); the anterior trichobothrium is associated with the antepenultimate lateral comb (N–2). B. Pronotum with bare anterior margin of Neoasterolepisma balcanicum (Stach, 1922), without lateral combs of macrochaetae, only marginal setae (ms). Adapted from Molero-Baltanás et al. (1997). Abbreviations: ata = anterior open trichobothrial areas (the posterior ones are also open in this genus); ps = setulae associated with the posterior margin (in species of Tricholepisma these setae are transformed into macrochaetae: bigger and bifid apically). C. Micrograph of the left anterolateral corner of the pronotum of Allacrotelsa kraepelini, with 1+1 anterolateral groups of macrochaetae, marked with an arrow (and the remaining anterior margin bare). Scale bars = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12635002" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12635002/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
). Antennae usually with a higher diversity of sensilla; some basiconic transformed into more specialized 
<typeStatus id="54C31596FFFCF767FC836C4221EFAE66" box="[846,908,577,603]" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">types</typeStatus>
such basiconic F sensu Adel (Silvestri’s 
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, 
<figureCitation id="1343B7B1FFFCF767FEE36C6023EFAE43" box="[302,396,611,638]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[244,1364,623,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-118@5.[206,1382,606,1849]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Specialized sensilla of theantennae of Lepismatidae Latreille, 1802, adapted from Mendes (1986a). A. Silvestri’s sensillum (basiconic type F following Adel’s terminology). B. Bidigitate. C. Asteriform. D. Asteriform with annulated tegument. E. Poculiform. F. SEM photograph of a poculiform sensillum in Acrotelsella transpectinata Smith, 2016. Scale bars: A–E = 5 μm; F = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12634993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12634993/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
) or asteriform sensilla (
<figureCitation id="1343B7B1FFFCF767FD636C602150AE43" box="[686,819,611,638]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[244,1364,623,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-118@5.[206,1382,606,1849]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Specialized sensilla of theantennae of Lepismatidae Latreille, 1802, adapted from Mendes (1986a). A. Silvestri’s sensillum (basiconic type F following Adel’s terminology). B. Bidigitate. C. Asteriform. D. Asteriform with annulated tegument. E. Poculiform. F. SEM photograph of a poculiform sensillum in Acrotelsella transpectinata Smith, 2016. Scale bars: A–E = 5 μm; F = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12634993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12634993/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">Fig. 2C–D</figureCitation>
). Femora and tibiae always without scales, only covered with setae 
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.................................................................................. subfam. 
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11
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<keyLead id="30890801FFFCF767FF706CCB2714AF14" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
9. Femoral and tibial scales wide, rounded, triangular or sub-rectangular. With three or more pairs of styli. Thoracic sternites wide, trapezoidal, with a broad truncated posterior margin. Hind margin of urotergite X rounded. 
<collectingCountry id="F36FEBA4FFFCF767FE206D0D203AAF15" box="[493,601,782,808]" name="Australia" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">Australia</collectingCountry>
........................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFCF767FCFC6D0D2658AF15" ID-CoL="7PKV6" authority="Smith, Mitchell" authorityName="Smith, Mitchell &amp; Molero-Baltanas" authorityYear="2021" box="[817,1083,782,808]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pyramidellidae" genus="Visma" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="32" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFCF767FCFC6D0D211FAF15" bold="true" box="[817,892,782,808]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">Visma</emphasis>
Smith, Mitchell
</taxonomicName>
&amp; Molero- Baltanás, 2021
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFCF767FF0C6D312715AFAF" blockId="32.[189,1399,712,915]" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFCF767FF0C6D312715AFAF" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">– Femoral and tibial scales absent; if present, they are lanceolate. No more than three pairs of styli, frequently one or two pairs. Thoracic sternites parabolic or heart-shaped, with a convex posterior margin; if truncate, straight part not wide. Hind margin of urotergite X variable .......................... 10</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFCF767FF706DB92714A8B9" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFCF767FF706DB92714A826" blockId="32.[189,1399,953,1156]" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFCF767FF706DB92714A826" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
10. Labrum with thin setae. Urotergite X usually trapezoidal or parabolic, relatively long. One to three pairs of styli. Urosternal combs short of less than four macrochaetae. Widely distributed in S and C America, E Africa, S Asia and 
<collectingCountry id="F36FEBA4FFFCF767FDA36A0320B9A827" box="[622,730,1024,1050]" name="Australia" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">Australia</collectingCountry>
....................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFCF767FBCF6DFC2714A826" ID-CoL="4WH5" authority="Escherich, 1905" authorityName="Escherich" authorityYear="1905" box="[1026,1399,1023,1051]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Heterolepisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="32" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFCF767FBCF6DFC26D1A827" bold="true" box="[1026,1202,1023,1050]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">Heterolepisma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9D6C5FFFCF767FB746A032714A826" author="Escherich K." box="[1209,1399,1024,1051]" pageId="32" pageNumber="112" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref20193" refString="Escherich K. 1905. Das System der Lepismatiden. Zoologica (Stuttgart) 43: 1 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7909" type="journal article" year="1905">Escherich, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFCF767FF0C6A272714A8B9" blockId="32.[189,1399,953,1156]" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFCF767FF0C6A272714A8B9" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
– Labrum with macrochaetae and thin setae. Urotergite X very short and slightly convex. Only one pair of styli. Urosternal combs long, especially medially. 
<collectingCountry id="F36FEBA4FFFCF767FC416A4421B1A85C" box="[908,978,1095,1121]" name="Japan" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">Japan</collectingCountry>
, coral cays of E 
<collectingCountry id="F36FEBA4FFFCF767FB5F6A45269DA85D" box="[1170,1278,1094,1120]" name="Australia" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">Australia</collectingCountry>
.............. ..................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFCF767FC146A6A2714A8B9" authority="Smith &amp; Mitchell, 2019" authorityName="Smith &amp; Mitchell" authorityYear="2019" box="[985,1399,1129,1156]" genus="Maritisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="32" pageNumber="112" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFCF767FC146A6A2634A8BE" bold="true" box="[985,1111,1129,1155]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">Maritisma</emphasis>
Smith &amp; Mitchell, 2019
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFCF767FF706AA82715A8D5" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFCF767FF706AA82715A8F8" blockId="32.[189,1398,1195,1257]" box="[189,1398,1195,1222]" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFCF767FF706AA82715A8F8" box="[189,1398,1195,1222]" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">11. Abdominal sternites lacking median combs of macrochaetae ........................................................ 12</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFCF767FF0C6ACC2715A8D5" blockId="32.[189,1398,1195,1257]" box="[193,1398,1230,1257]" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFCF767FF0C6ACC2715A8D5" box="[193,1398,1230,1257]" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">– At least some abdominal sternites with a median comb of macrochaetae ...................................... 14</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFCF767FF706B132715A98A" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFCF767FF706B132714A94D" blockId="32.[189,1399,1296,1463]" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFCF767FF706B132714A94D" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
12. Pronotum with 1+1 tufts of macrochaetae on its anterolateral corners. Last abdominal tergite (segment X) triangular, acutely pointed posteriorly. Two pairs of abdominal styli. North America .. .............................................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFCF767FBD46B562714A94D" authority="Mendes, 1996" authorityName="Mendes" authorityYear="1996" box="[1049,1399,1365,1392]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Anallacrotelsa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="32" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFCF767FBD46B5626AAA94D" bold="true" box="[1049,1225,1365,1392]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">Anallacrotelsa</emphasis>
Mendes, 1996
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFCF767FF0C6B792715A98A" blockId="32.[189,1399,1296,1463]" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFCF767FF0C6B792715A98A" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">– Pronotum without tufts on its anterolateral corners. Last abdominal segment not triangular, with subtrapezoidal shape. One or 3 pairs of abdominal styli. Burmese amber ..................................... 13</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFCF767FF706BDD2714AA5F" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFCF767FF706BDD2714AA26" blockId="32.[189,1399,1502,1634]" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFCF767FF706BDD2714AA26" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
13. Three pairs of abdominal styli. Thorax much wider and clearly detached from abdomen base, which tapers visibly to posterior end ................................... 
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFCF767FC9C68032678AA26" bold="true" box="[849,1051,1536,1563]" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFCF767FC9C68032192AA26" authorityName="Mendes &amp; Wunderlich" authorityYear="2018" box="[849,1009,1536,1563]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Cretalepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="32" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFCF767FC9C68032192AA26" bold="true" box="[849,1009,1536,1563]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">Cretalepisma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(†)
</emphasis>
Mendes &amp; Wunderlich, 2013
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFCF767FF0C68262714AA5F" blockId="32.[189,1399,1502,1634]" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFCF767FF0C68262714AA5F" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
– One pair of abdominal styli. Body shape almost parallel-sided ......................................................... ......................................................................................... 
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFCF767FCB06844263BAA5C" bold="true" box="[893,1112,1607,1634]" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFCF767FCB06844264CAA5F" authorityName="Mendes &amp; Poinar" authorityYear="2008" box="[893,1071,1607,1634]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Burmalepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="32" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFCF767FCB06844264CAA5F" bold="true" box="[893,1071,1607,1634]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">Burmalepisma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(†)
</emphasis>
Mendes &amp; Poinar, 2008
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFCF767FF70688A2715AB80" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFCF767FF70688A2714AAD7" blockId="32.[189,1400,1673,1981]" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFCF767FF70688A2714AAD7" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
14. Abdominal tergites with combs of macrochaetae, most of them with 3+3 combs. Paramera pseudoarticulated. Urotergite X acutely pointed or subtrapezoidal with convex hind margin. Holarctic extant species and Baltic amber .............................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFCF767FBFE68CC2714AAD7" authority="Silvestri, 1935" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1935" box="[1075,1399,1743,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Allacrotelsa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="32" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFCF767FBFE68CC26A7AAD7" bold="true" box="[1075,1220,1743,1770]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">Allacrotelsa</emphasis>
Silvestri, 1935
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFCF767FF0C68F02715AB80" blockId="32.[189,1400,1673,1981]" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFCF767FF0C68F02715AB80" pageId="32" pageNumber="112">– Dorsal chaetotaxy of abdomen transformed: combs reduced to one or two isolated setae; typical arrangement on a tergite: 1+1 infralateral groups (usually consisting of 1–3 macrochaetae), 1+1 lateral isolated macrochaetae, 1+1 sublateral and 1+1 submedian (in some species or in some tergites one or two of these isolated setae can be absent or there are supernumerary isolated setae, but not forming combs). Urotergite trapezoidal, usually with a straight, slightly concave or convex hind margin ............................................................................................................................................. 15</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFDF766FF706F0A2715ADEE" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFDF766FF706F0A2715ADB1" blockId="33.[189,1399,265,467]" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFDF766FF706F0A2715ADB1" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
15. Without asteriform sensilla on antennae and maxillary palps; instead with specialized sensilla of a globular shape (basiconic 
<typeStatus id="54C31596FFFDF766FDED6F2E2030AD7A" box="[544,595,301,327]" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">type</typeStatus>
F of Adel or Silvestri’s sensilla, wrongly referred to in some papers as campaniform). Paramera well developed, sacciform, in extant forms they attain or even surpass apex of inner process of ninth coxite (
<figureCitation id="1343B7B1FFFDF766FD656F712172ADB0" box="[680,785,370,397]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1735,1761]" captionTargetBox="[279,1300,281,1682]" captionTargetId="figure-17@17.[249,1339,265,1695]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 12. Paramera of Lepismatidae Latreille, 1802. A. Tubuliform paramere of Acrotelsa collaris (Fabricius, 1793). B. Big swollen paramere of Lepisma saccharinum Linnaeus, 1758, larger than the inner process of coxite IX and with glandular area. C. Medium-sized to small paramere of Neoasterolepisma hespericum Molero-Baltanás, Bach de Roca &amp; Gaju-Ricart, 1997, with a small glandular area. D. Pseudoarticulated paramere with glandular area of Allacrotelsa kraepelini (Escherich, 1905). E. Pseudoarticulated paramere of Visma brigalowsum Smith, Mitchell &amp; Molero-Baltanás 2021. F. A detail of a similar pseudoarticulated paramere, of Visma bingaraSmith, Mitchell &amp; Molero-Baltanás 2021. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12635018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12635018/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
) 
<superScript id="7C0D067CFFFDF766FCD16F712153ADBD" attach="left" box="[796,816,370,384]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">(4)</superScript>
......................................................................... 16
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFDF766FF0C6F952715ADEE" blockId="33.[189,1399,265,467]" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFDF766FF0C6F952715ADEE" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
– With asteriform sensilla on antennae and usually also on maxillary palps. Paramera small or medium-sized, clearly not attaining apex of inner process of ninth coxite (
<figureCitation id="1343B7B1FFFDF766FC296FBA262EADEE" box="[996,1101,441,467]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1735,1761]" captionTargetBox="[279,1300,281,1682]" captionTargetId="figure-17@17.[249,1339,265,1695]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 12. Paramera of Lepismatidae Latreille, 1802. A. Tubuliform paramere of Acrotelsa collaris (Fabricius, 1793). B. Big swollen paramere of Lepisma saccharinum Linnaeus, 1758, larger than the inner process of coxite IX and with glandular area. C. Medium-sized to small paramere of Neoasterolepisma hespericum Molero-Baltanás, Bach de Roca &amp; Gaju-Ricart, 1997, with a small glandular area. D. Pseudoarticulated paramere with glandular area of Allacrotelsa kraepelini (Escherich, 1905). E. Pseudoarticulated paramere of Visma brigalowsum Smith, Mitchell &amp; Molero-Baltanás 2021. F. A detail of a similar pseudoarticulated paramere, of Visma bingaraSmith, Mitchell &amp; Molero-Baltanás 2021. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12635018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12635018/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
) ................................. 17
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFDF766FF706FF92714AF31" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFDF766FF706FF92714AE66" blockId="33.[189,1399,506,780]" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFDF766FF706FF92714AE66" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
16. Posterior trichobothrial areas of pronotum closed, encircled by scales and not in contact with edges of notum. Abdominal tergites II–VIII with 3+3 isolated macrochaetae (infralateral, lateral and sublateral). Dominican amber ........................................... 
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFDF766FC426C43263BAE67" bold="true" box="[911,1112,576,603]" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFDF766FC426C43264CAE66" authorityName="Mendes &amp; Poinar" authorityYear="2013" box="[911,1071,576,603]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Protolepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="33" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFDF766FC426C43264CAE66" bold="true" box="[911,1071,576,603]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">Protolepisma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(†)
</emphasis>
Mendes &amp; Poinar, 2013
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFDF766FF0C6C662714AF31" blockId="33.[189,1399,506,780]" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFDF766FF0C6C662714AF31" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
– Posterior trichobothrial areas of the pronotum open, contacting with lateral edge of notum.Abdominal tergites II–VIII or III–VIII usually with 4+4 isolated macrochaetae (infralateral, lateral, sublateral and submedian); infralateral macrochaetae usually not isolated but forming a group with another macrochaeta and/or with a thin seta. West Palaearctic and 
<collectingCountry id="F36FEBA4FFFDF766FC0D6CCD264CAED5" box="[960,1071,718,744]" name="Australia" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">Australia</collectingCountry>
, one species synanthropic, cosmopolitan by human dispersal ................................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFDF766FB996CF22714AF31" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1108,1399,753,780]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Lepisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="33" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFDF766FB996CF226D8AF36" bold="true" box="[1108,1211,753,779]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">Lepisma</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFDF766FF706D312715AFE4" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFDF766FF706D312714AFAE" blockId="33.[189,1399,818,986]" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFDF766FF706D312714AFAE" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
17. All trichobothrial areas of nota closed, encircled by scales that avoid contact with the edges of respective nota. Clypeus not reduced. Paramera very reduced. S Africa, 
<collectingCountry id="F36FEBA4FFFDF766FB7D6D56268CAF52" box="[1200,1263,853,879]" name="India" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">India</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F36FEBA4FFFDF766FAC96D562710AF52" box="[1284,1395,853,879]" name="Malaysia" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F36FEBA4FFFDF766FF276D7A2335AFAE" box="[234,342,889,915]" name="Australia" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">Australia</collectingCountry>
................................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFDF766FBE16D7B2714AFAE" authority="Mendes, 1981" authorityName="Mendes" authorityYear="1981" box="[1068,1399,888,915]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Xenolepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="33" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFDF766FBE16D7B26ABAFAE" bold="true" box="[1068,1224,888,915]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">Xenolepisma</emphasis>
Mendes, 1981
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFDF766FF0C6D9F2715AFE4" blockId="33.[189,1399,818,986]" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFDF766FF0C6D9F2715AFE4" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">– At least anterior trichobothrial areas of nota open, contacting with edges of nota. Clypeus strongly reduced. Paramera small or medium-sized ..................................................................................... 18</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFDF766FF706A022715A89A" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFDF766FF706A022714A85C" blockId="33.[189,1399,1024,1192]" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFDF766FF706A022714A85C" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
18. Praetarsus with two well developed pulvilli additional to lateral claws and empodium. With 5+5 to 7+7 isolated macrochaetae on urotergites II–VIII additional to infralateral group. E Africa ............. .............................................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFDF766FBD66A452714A85C" authority="Mendes, 1988" authorityName="Mendes" authorityYear="1988" box="[1051,1399,1094,1121]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Lepitrochisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="33" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFDF766FBD66A4526AAA85C" bold="true" box="[1051,1225,1094,1121]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">Lepitrochisma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9D6C5FFFDF766FB1D6A442714A85C" author="Mendes L. F." box="[1232,1399,1095,1121]" pageId="33" pageNumber="113" pagination="143 - 148" refId="ref21120" refString="Mendes L. F. 1988. Sobre algumas caracteristicas morfologicas dos Lepismatidae (Zygentoma: Insecta). V. O tipo de macroquetas. In: Universidad (ed.) Actas III Congresso Iberico de Entomologia, Granada (Spain), December 1988: 143 - 148. Universidad de Granada." type="journal article" year="1988">Mendes, 1988</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFDF766FF0C6A682715A89A" blockId="33.[189,1399,1024,1192]" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFDF766FF0C6A682715A89A" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">– Praetarsus without pulvilli. Usually with 3+3 isolated macrochaetae additional to infralateral group, but variable ..................................................................................................................................... 19</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFDF766FF706ACC2715A96F" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFDF766FF706ACC2714A931" blockId="33.[189,1399,1231,1363]" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFDF766FF706ACC2714A931" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
19. Posterior trichobothrial areas of pronotum closed, encircled by scales that avoid contact with edges of notum. Hind tibiae of males not modified. Afrotropical, 
<collectingCountry id="F36FEBA4FFFDF766FC516AF121BBA931" box="[924,984,1266,1292]" name="India" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">India</collectingCountry>
........... 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFDF766FBF86AF22714A931" authority="Mendes, 1981" authorityName="Mendes" authorityYear="1981" box="[1077,1399,1265,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Afrolepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="33" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFDF766FBF86AF226AAA931" bold="true" box="[1077,1225,1265,1292]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">Afrolepisma</emphasis>
Mendes, 1981
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFDF766FF0C6B152715A96F" blockId="33.[189,1399,1231,1363]" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFDF766FF0C6B152715A96F" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
– Posterior trichobothrial areas of pronotum open, contacting edge of notum (
<figureCitation id="1343B7B1FFFDF766FBAF6B1626DDA90D" box="[1122,1214,1301,1328]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1611,1637]" captionTargetBox="[211,1389,485,1559]" captionTargetId="figure-73@8.[189,1398,474,1568]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Chaetotaxy of thoracic nota of Lepismatidae Latreille, 1802. A. Pronotum with setal collar (sc) of Psammolepisma schultzei (Silvestri, 1908), with lateral combs of macrochaetae (lc). Adapted from Irish (1988). Abbreviations: plc = posterolateral comb of macrochaetae, in this case inserted in a very lateral position of the posterior margin; pt = posterior trichobothrium, associated to the last lateral comb (N); the anterior trichobothrium is associated with the antepenultimate lateral comb (N–2). B. Pronotum with bare anterior margin of Neoasterolepisma balcanicum (Stach, 1922), without lateral combs of macrochaetae, only marginal setae (ms). Adapted from Molero-Baltanás et al. (1997). Abbreviations: ata = anterior open trichobothrial areas (the posterior ones are also open in this genus); ps = setulae associated with the posterior margin (in species of Tricholepisma these setae are transformed into macrochaetae: bigger and bifid apically). C. Micrograph of the left anterolateral corner of the pronotum of Allacrotelsa kraepelini, with 1+1 anterolateral groups of macrochaetae, marked with an arrow (and the remaining anterior margin bare). Scale bars = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12635002" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12635002/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). Hind tibiae of males modified in chaetotaxy and/or shape or not .......................................................................... 20
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFDF766FF706B792714A9E7" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFDF766FF706B792714A9A9" blockId="33.[189,1399,1401,1499]" box="[189,1399,1401,1428]" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFDF766FF706B792714A9A9" box="[189,1399,1401,1428]" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
20. With a row of small macrochaetae on hind margin of nota 
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.................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFDF766FBF36B7A2714A9A9" authority="Paclt, 1967" authorityName="Paclt" authorityYear="1967" box="[1086,1399,1401,1428]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Tricholepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="33" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFDF766FBF36B7A2688A9A9" bold="true" box="[1086,1259,1401,1428]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">Tricholepisma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9D6C5FFFDF766FB3F6B792714A9A9" author="Paclt J." box="[1266,1399,1402,1428]" pageId="33" pageNumber="113" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref21992" refString="Paclt J. 1967. Thysanura. Fam. Lepidotrichidae, Maindroniidae, Lepismatidae. Genera Insectorum 218 e: 1 - 86. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 53220988 [accessed 14 May 2024]." type="book chapter" year="1967">Paclt, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFDF766FF0C6B9E2714A9E7" blockId="33.[189,1399,1401,1499]" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFDF766FF0C6B9E2714A9E7" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
– Hind margin of nota without bifid macrochaetae, sometimes with very small, thin and acute setulae (
<figureCitation id="1343B7B1FFFDF766FF3E6BC3232FA9E6" box="[243,332,1472,1499]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1611,1637]" captionTargetBox="[211,1389,485,1559]" captionTargetId="figure-73@8.[189,1398,474,1568]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Chaetotaxy of thoracic nota of Lepismatidae Latreille, 1802. A. Pronotum with setal collar (sc) of Psammolepisma schultzei (Silvestri, 1908), with lateral combs of macrochaetae (lc). Adapted from Irish (1988). Abbreviations: plc = posterolateral comb of macrochaetae, in this case inserted in a very lateral position of the posterior margin; pt = posterior trichobothrium, associated to the last lateral comb (N); the anterior trichobothrium is associated with the antepenultimate lateral comb (N–2). B. Pronotum with bare anterior margin of Neoasterolepisma balcanicum (Stach, 1922), without lateral combs of macrochaetae, only marginal setae (ms). Adapted from Molero-Baltanás et al. (1997). Abbreviations: ata = anterior open trichobothrial areas (the posterior ones are also open in this genus); ps = setulae associated with the posterior margin (in species of Tricholepisma these setae are transformed into macrochaetae: bigger and bifid apically). C. Micrograph of the left anterolateral corner of the pronotum of Allacrotelsa kraepelini, with 1+1 anterolateral groups of macrochaetae, marked with an arrow (and the remaining anterior margin bare). Scale bars = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12635002" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12635002/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
) ......................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFDF766FC3F6BC32714A9E7" authority="Mendes, 1988" authorityName="Mendes" authorityYear="1988" box="[1010,1399,1472,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Neoasterolepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="33" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFDF766FC3F6BC326AAA9E6" bold="true" box="[1010,1225,1472,1499]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">Neoasterolepisma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9D6C5FFFDF766FB1D6BC32714A9E7" author="Mendes L. F." box="[1232,1399,1472,1498]" pageId="33" pageNumber="113" pagination="143 - 148" refId="ref21120" refString="Mendes L. F. 1988. Sobre algumas caracteristicas morfologicas dos Lepismatidae (Zygentoma: Insecta). V. O tipo de macroquetas. In: Universidad (ed.) Actas III Congresso Iberico de Entomologia, Granada (Spain), December 1988: 143 - 148. Universidad de Granada." type="journal article" year="1988">Mendes, 1988</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFDF766FF7068012715AAB8" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFDF766FF7068012715AA02" blockId="33.[189,1399,1537,1670]" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFDF766FF7068012715AA02" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
21. Anterior margin of pronotum devoid of setal collar, at most with a row of a few isolated setae. Papillae of apical article of labial palp arranged in two rows (2+3) .....subfam. 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFDF766FB4B68262720AA02" authorityName="Mendes" authorityYear="1991" box="[1158,1347,1573,1599]" pageId="33" pageNumber="121" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Silvestrellatinae">Silvestrellatinae</taxonomicName>
24
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFDF766FF0C684A2715AAB8" blockId="33.[189,1399,1537,1670]" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFDF766FF0C684A2715AAB8" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">– Anterior margin of pronotum with a setal collar. Papillae of apical article of labial palp arranged in a single row (number variable) ....................................................................................................... 22</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFDF766FF7068AE2715ABA7" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFDF766FF7068AE2715AB30" blockId="33.[189,1399,1709,1946]" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFDF766FF7068AE2715AB30" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
22. Antennae with bidigitate specialized sensilla (
<figureCitation id="1343B7B1FFFDF766FCC968AE2102AAFA" box="[772,865,1709,1735]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[244,1364,623,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-118@5.[206,1382,606,1849]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Specialized sensilla of theantennae of Lepismatidae Latreille, 1802, adapted from Mendes (1986a). A. Silvestri’s sensillum (basiconic type F following Adel’s terminology). B. Bidigitate. C. Asteriform. D. Asteriform with annulated tegument. E. Poculiform. F. SEM photograph of a poculiform sensillum in Acrotelsella transpectinata Smith, 2016. Scale bars: A–E = 5 μm; F = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12634993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12634993/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). Apex of distal article of maxillary palp with a cylindrical sensillum. Prosternum strongly reduced. Mainly in North America ............................. ............................................................................................................ subfam. 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFDF766FBB968F02720AB30" authorityName="Mendes" authorityYear="1991" box="[1140,1347,1779,1805]" pageId="33" pageNumber="121" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mirolepismatinae">Mirolepismatinae</taxonomicName>
23
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFDF766FF0C69142715ABA7" blockId="33.[189,1399,1709,1946]" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFDF766FF0C69142715ABA7" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">
– Antennae with different 
<typeStatus id="54C31596FFFDF766FDC66914202AAB0C" box="[523,585,1815,1841]" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">types</typeStatus>
of sensilla, more or less diverse, but lacking bidigitate 
<typeStatus id="54C31596FFFDF766FB1A6914276EAB0C" box="[1239,1293,1815,1841]" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">type</typeStatus>
. Apex of distal article of maxillary palp without a cylindrical sensillum. Prosternum often slightly smaller than meso- and metasternum, but rarely with a strong reduction (except in 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFDF766FBB8695E2698AB4A" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1908" box="[1141,1275,1885,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Monachina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="33" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFDF766FBB8695E2698AB4A" box="[1141,1275,1885,1911]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="113">Monachina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and some psammophilous species) ...................................................................subfam. 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFDF766FBA469832720ABA7" authorityName="Mendes" authorityYear="1991" box="[1129,1347,1920,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="33" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ctenolepismatinae">Ctenolepismatinae</taxonomicName>
27
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFEF765FF706F0A2714ADEE" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFEF765FF706F0A2714AD54" blockId="34.[189,1399,265,467]" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFEF765FF706F0A2714AD54" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
23. Chaetotaxy of abdominal tergites consisting of 1+1 infralateral groups of macrochaetae (combs), 1+1 isolated lateral macrochaetae and 1+1 isolated submedian macrochaetae .................................. ............................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFEF765FBEE6F4C2714AD54" authority="Silvestri, 1940" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1940" box="[1059,1399,335,362]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Prolepismina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="34" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFEF765FBEE6F4C26A7AD57" bold="true" box="[1059,1220,335,362]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">Prolepismina</emphasis>
Silvestri, 1940
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFEF765FF0C6F702714ADEE" blockId="34.[189,1399,265,467]" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFEF765FF0C6F702714ADEE" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
– Chaetotaxy of abdominal tergites consisting of 1+1 infralateral groups of macrochaetae (combs), 1+1 combs of macrochaetae in lateral position and 1+1 combs of macrochaetae in submedian position 
<superScript id="7C0D067CFFFEF765FE806FBB2303ADFB" attach="left" box="[333,352,440,454]" fontSize="6" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">(6)</superScript>
............................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFEF765FBE66FBB2714ADEE" authority="Silvestri, 1938" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1938" box="[1067,1399,440,467]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Mirolepisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="34" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFEF765FBE66FBB26A7ADEE" bold="true" box="[1067,1220,440,467]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">Mirolepisma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9D6C5FFFEF765FB066FBA2714ADEE" author="Silvestri F." box="[1227,1399,441,467]" pageId="34" pageNumber="114" pagination="340 - 353" refId="ref22147" refString="Silvestri F. 1938. Due nuovi generi deserticoli di Lepismatidae (Insecta: Thysanura). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia e Agraria della Facolta agraria in Portici 1: 340 - 353" type="journal article" year="1938">Silvestri, 1938</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFEF765FF706FF82715AE43" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFEF765FF706FF82715AE05" blockId="34.[189,1398,506,639]" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFEF765FF706FF82715AE05" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">24. Hind margin of abdominal sternites only with 1+1 isolated or 1+1 pairs of lateral macrochaetae; macrochaetae in median position absent or only present on one abdominal sternite (I or II) ........ 25</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFEF765FF0C6C422715AE43" blockId="34.[189,1398,506,639]" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFEF765FF0C6C422715AE43" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">– Hind margin of abdominal sternites (at least II–VI) with one or more macrochaetae in median position, in addition to lateral macrochaetae; these can be isolated or forming small combs ........ 26</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFEF765FF706CA62714AFE7" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFEF765FF706CA62714AF17" blockId="34.[189,1399,677,986]" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFEF765FF706CA62714AF17" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
25. Pronotum with a row of at least 3+3 isolated setae in its anterior margin and at least 2+2 isolated setae inserted on disc, not very close to hind margin. Some urotergites with 1+1 isolated macrochaetae or 1+1 pairs in lateral and submedian positions, not very close to the hind margin. S Africa .................................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFEF765FBE16D0D2714AF17" authority="Escherich, 1905" authorityName="Escherich" authorityYear="1905" box="[1068,1399,782,810]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Silvestrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="34" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFEF765FBE16D0D26D1AF14" bold="true" box="[1068,1202,782,809]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">Silvestrella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9D6C5FFFEF765FB746D0C2714AF17" author="Escherich K." box="[1209,1399,783,810]" pageId="34" pageNumber="114" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref20193" refString="Escherich K. 1905. Das System der Lepismatiden. Zoologica (Stuttgart) 43: 1 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7909" type="journal article" year="1905">Escherich, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFEF765FF0C6D302714AFE7" blockId="34.[189,1399,677,986]" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFEF765FF0C6D302714AFE7" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
– Anterior margin of pronotum bare, posterior margin with 1+1 isolated setae or 1+1 pairs, inserted very close to hind margin. Most urotergites with 1+1 isolated macrochaetae in lateral and submedian positions inserted very close to hind margin. Afrotropical and occurring in other regions (S America, 
<collectingCountry id="F36FEBA4FFFEF765FF246D9F233CAF8B" box="[233,351,924,950]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F36FEBA4FFFEF765FEA66D9F2394AF8B" box="[363,503,924,950]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
), probably as a result of human dispersal ...................................................... ................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFEF765FC006DBD2714AFE7" authority="Wygodzinsky, 1957" authorityName="Wygodzinsky" authorityYear="1957" box="[973,1399,958,986]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Namunukulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="34" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFEF765FC006DBD26E4AFE4" bold="true" box="[973,1159,958,985]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">Namunukulina</emphasis>
Wygodzinsky, 1957
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFEF765FF706A032714A89A" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFEF765FF706A032714A803" blockId="34.[189,1399,1024,1192]" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFEF765FF706A032714A803" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
26. Abdominal tergites with 1–2+1–2 infralateral macrochaetae only, lacking macrochaetae in lateral and submedian positions. Hind margin of pronotum bare. SW Africa ....... 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFEF765FB866A202714A803" authority="Paclt, 1967" authorityName="Paclt" authorityYear="1967" box="[1099,1399,1059,1086]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Hemilepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="34" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFEF765FB866A202688A803" bold="true" box="[1099,1259,1059,1086]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">Hemilepisma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9D6C5FFFEF765FB3F6A272714A803" author="Paclt J." box="[1266,1399,1060,1086]" pageId="34" pageNumber="114" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref21992" refString="Paclt J. 1967. Thysanura. Fam. Lepidotrichidae, Maindroniidae, Lepismatidae. Genera Insectorum 218 e: 1 - 86. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 53220988 [accessed 14 May 2024]." type="book chapter" year="1967">Paclt, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFEF765FF0C6A442714A89A" blockId="34.[189,1399,1024,1192]" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFEF765FF0C6A442714A89A" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
– Abdominal tergites with macrochaetae in lateral and submedian positions, in addition to 1+1 infralateral groups of macrochaetae. Hind margin of pronotum with 1+1 isolated lateral macrochaetae. Arabian Peninsula .................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFEF765FBF56A8E2714A89A" authority="Mendes, 2008" authorityName="Mendes" authorityYear="2008" box="[1080,1399,1165,1192]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Hemikulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="34" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFEF765FBF56A8E26AAA895" bold="true" box="[1080,1225,1165,1192]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">Hemikulina</emphasis>
Mendes, 2008
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFEF765FF706ACC2715A981" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFEF765FF706ACC2715A96F" blockId="34.[189,1399,1231,1468]" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFEF765FF706ACC2715A96F" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">27. Abdominal dorsal setation of segments I–VIII or II–VIII forming discrete combs on hind margin; at least with 1+1 small infralateral combs and 1+1 isolated macrochaetae, but more frequently consisting of 2+2 or 3+3 bristle-combs on abdominal tergites II–VIII, separated from each other by distances similar to or higher than width of a comb ....................................................................... 31</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFEF765FF0C6B5F2715A981" blockId="34.[189,1399,1231,1468]" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFEF765FF0C6B5F2715A981" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">– Abdominal dorsal setation consisting of a continuous fringe of macrochaetae, not forming discrete combs; if there are separated groups of macrochaetae, distance between them less than width of a group. Genera exclusive to Namib or Palaearctic deserts .............................................................. 28</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFEF765FF706BE02714AA1C" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFEF765FF706BE02715A9C0" blockId="34.[189,1399,1507,1569]" box="[189,1398,1507,1534]" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFEF765FF706BE02715A9C0" box="[189,1398,1507,1534]" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
28. Macrochaetae smooth, some with rounded tip (
<figureCitation id="1343B7B1FFFEF765FCDF6BE02119A9C0" box="[786,890,1507,1533]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1671,1697]" captionTargetBox="[203,1390,282,1604]" captionTargetId="figure-11@22.[189,1398,270,1613]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 16. Types of macrochaetae in Lepismatidae Latreille, 1802. A. Micrograph of smooth bifid macrochaetae on the mandible of Allacrotelsa kraepelini (Escherich, 1905). B. Comb of smooth and apically bifid macrochaetae of Anisolepisma aquilonaridum Smith, 2016, SEM photograph. C. Micrograph of feathered macrochaetae on the mandible of Ctenolepisma iranicum Molero, Kahrarian &amp; Gaju, 2016. D. Feathered macrochaetae on the frontal area of the head of Hemitelsella transpectinata (Smith, 2015). E. Design of the smooth macrochetae with a round tip on the mandible of Mormisma peyerimhoffi (Silvestri, 1938), adapted from Silvestri (1938). F. Feathered/plumose macrochaeta of the cerci of Swalepisma mirabile Irish, 1988, SEM photograph. Scale bars: A, C–E = 0.1 mm; B, F = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12635026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12635026/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">Fig. 16E</figureCitation>
) .............................................................. 29
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFEF765FF0C68042714AA1C" blockId="34.[189,1399,1507,1569]" box="[193,1399,1542,1569]" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFEF765FF0C68042714AA1C" box="[193,1399,1542,1569]" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
– Macrochaetae feathered. Namib desert ........................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFEF765FB9868052714AA1C" authority="Irish, 1988" authorityName="Irish" authorityYear="1988" box="[1109,1399,1542,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Sabulepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="34" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFEF765FB9868052693AA1C" bold="true" box="[1109,1264,1542,1569]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">Sabulepisma</emphasis>
Irish, 1988
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFEF765FF70684B2715AAF1" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFEF765FF70684B2714AAB8" blockId="34.[189,1399,1608,1740]" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFEF765FF70684B2714AAB8" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
29. One pair of abdominal styli. Without a median group of macrochaetae on abdominal sternite VII. Labrum with three tufts of macrochaetae. Palaearctic deserts .................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFEF765FB8D68682714AAB8" authority="Silvestri, 1938" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1938" box="[1088,1399,1643,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Mormisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="34" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFEF765FB8D686826A7AAB8" bold="true" box="[1088,1220,1643,1669]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">Mormisma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9D6C5FFFEF765FB0668682714AAB8" author="Silvestri F." box="[1227,1399,1643,1669]" pageId="34" pageNumber="114" pagination="340 - 353" refId="ref22147" refString="Silvestri F. 1938. Due nuovi generi deserticoli di Lepismatidae (Insecta: Thysanura). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia e Agraria della Facolta agraria in Portici 1: 340 - 353" type="journal article" year="1938">Silvestri, 1938</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFEF765FF0C688C2715AAF1" blockId="34.[189,1399,1608,1740]" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFEF765FF0C688C2715AAF1" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">– Without abdominal styli. With a median group of macrochaetae on abdominal sternite VII. Labrum with two tufts of macrochaetae. Namib desert ............................................................................... 30</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFEF765FF7068F02714AB80" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFEF765FF7068F02714AB69" blockId="34.[189,1401,1779,1982]" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFEF765FF7068F02714AB69" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
30. Antennae clearly shorter than body length. Setal fringes of anterior urotergites with some gaps at each side, forming 3+3 groups of macrochaetae; setal fringes of the last urotergites continuous. Coxal disc with wide transverse bristle-combs ................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFEF765FBD3693A2714AB69" authority="Irish, 1988" authorityName="Irish" authorityYear="1988" box="[1054,1399,1849,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Namibmormisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="34" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFEF765FBD3693A2693AB69" bold="true" box="[1054,1264,1849,1876]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">Namibmormisma</emphasis>
Irish, 1988
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFEF765FF0C695E2714AB80" blockId="34.[189,1401,1779,1982]" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFEF765FF0C695E2714AB80" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">
– Antennae as long as body length or even longer. Setal fringes of anterior urotergites without gaps, continuous, with only one median gap in middle, so only 1+1 wide groups of macrochaetae can be distinguished ............................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFEF765FB8F69A12714AB80" authority="Irish, 2018" authorityName="Irish" authorityYear="2018" box="[1090,1399,1954,1981]" genus="Namiblepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="34" pageNumber="114" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFEF765FB8F69A12693AB80" bold="true" box="[1090,1264,1954,1981]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="114">Namiblepisma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9D6C5FFFEF765FB3A69A02714AB80" author="Irish J." box="[1271,1399,1955,1981]" pageId="34" pageNumber="114" pagination="22 - 127" refId="ref20509" refString="Irish J. 2018. Contribution to the knowledge of southern African Lepismatidae (Thysanura, Insecta). Namibian Journal of Environment 2 A: 22 - 127." type="journal article" year="2018">Irish, 2018</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFFF764FF706F0A2715AD8D" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFFF764FF706F0A2714AD54" blockId="35.[189,1399,265,432]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFFF764FF706F0A2714AD54" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
31. Abdominal segments I–VIII only with 1+1 infralateral small combs of macrochaetae and 1+1 isolated lateral macrochaetae. There are no urotergites with 2+2 or 3+3 bristle-combs. Afrotropical, including 
<collectingCountry id="F36FEBA4FFFFF764FEAD6F4C238BAD54" box="[352,488,335,361]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
Islands .................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFFF764FBF56F4C2714AD54" authority="Silvestri, 1908" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1908" box="[1080,1399,335,362]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Monachina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="35" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFFF764FBF56F4C26A7AD57" bold="true" box="[1080,1220,335,362]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">Monachina</emphasis>
Silvestri, 1908
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFFF764FF0C6F702715AD8D" blockId="35.[189,1399,265,432]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFFF764FF0C6F702715AD8D" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">– Abdominal segments I–VIII with a higher number of combs of macrochaetae. Some urotergites with 2+2 or 3+3 bristle-combs in infralateral, lateral and submedian positions ..................................... 32</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFFF764FF706FD42715AEF8" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFFF764FF706FD42715AE66" blockId="35.[189,1400,471,709]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFFF764FF706FD42715AE66" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
32. Last abdominal tergite triangular or subtriangular, posteriorly acute or somewhat rounded; its lateral margins frequently with more than 1+1 bristle-combs, but sometimes with only 1+1 combs or without defined combs, only with marginal setae. When 1+1 combs are present, they rarely have more than three macrochaetae and are not located close to posterior margin (
<figureCitation id="1343B7B1FFFFF764FBA16C422697AE66" box="[1132,1268,577,603]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1592,1618]" captionTargetBox="[219,1377,316,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-11@14.[189,1398,286,1531]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 11. Shape and chaetotaxy of the urotergite X (last abdominal tergite) of Lepismatidae Latreille, 1802, variability. A. Caribesella impudica (Escherich, 1905) comb. nov., adapted from Wygodzinsky (1959a). B. Qantelsella louisae Smith, 2015, from Smith (2015). C. Stylifera gigantea (Escherich, 1905), from Irish (1988c). D. Acrotelsella parlevar Smith 2016, from Smith (2016b). E. Hemitelsella clarksonorum Smith, 2016, from Smith (2016b). F. Hemitelsella hortorum Smith &amp; Mitchell, 2021, from Smith &amp; Mitchell (2021). G. Thermobia vallaris Irish, 1988, from Irish (1988b). H. Thermobia domestica (Packard, 1873), from Irish (1988b). I. Sceletolepisma sagartianum (Molero, Kahrarian &amp; Gaju, 2016), from Kahrarian et al. (2016). J. Hyperlepisma patrizii Silvestri, 1932, from Silvestri (1932). K. Nebkhalepisma australe (Wygodzinsky, 1959), from Wygodzinsky (1959b). L. Hyperlepisma arabiense Irish, 1991, from Irish (1991). M. Ornatilepisma horni Irish, 1988, from Irish (1988a). N. Swalepisma mirabile Irish, 1988, from Irish &amp; Mendes (1988). O. Sceletolepisma occidentale (Irish, 1987), from Irish (1987)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12635016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12635016/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">Fig. 11A–F</figureCitation>
) .......... 33
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFFF764FF0C6C662715AEF8" blockId="35.[189,1400,471,709]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFFF764FF0C6C662715AEF8" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
– Last abdominal tergite with a different shape (trapezoidal, subtriangular) but not posteriorly acute, convex, straight or slightly convex, usually with quite prominent 1+1 combs near posterior margin (
<figureCitation id="1343B7B1FFFFF764FF3E6CA923E2AEF8" box="[243,385,682,709]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1592,1618]" captionTargetBox="[219,1377,316,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-11@14.[189,1398,286,1531]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 11. Shape and chaetotaxy of the urotergite X (last abdominal tergite) of Lepismatidae Latreille, 1802, variability. A. Caribesella impudica (Escherich, 1905) comb. nov., adapted from Wygodzinsky (1959a). B. Qantelsella louisae Smith, 2015, from Smith (2015). C. Stylifera gigantea (Escherich, 1905), from Irish (1988c). D. Acrotelsella parlevar Smith 2016, from Smith (2016b). E. Hemitelsella clarksonorum Smith, 2016, from Smith (2016b). F. Hemitelsella hortorum Smith &amp; Mitchell, 2021, from Smith &amp; Mitchell (2021). G. Thermobia vallaris Irish, 1988, from Irish (1988b). H. Thermobia domestica (Packard, 1873), from Irish (1988b). I. Sceletolepisma sagartianum (Molero, Kahrarian &amp; Gaju, 2016), from Kahrarian et al. (2016). J. Hyperlepisma patrizii Silvestri, 1932, from Silvestri (1932). K. Nebkhalepisma australe (Wygodzinsky, 1959), from Wygodzinsky (1959b). L. Hyperlepisma arabiense Irish, 1991, from Irish (1991). M. Ornatilepisma horni Irish, 1988, from Irish (1988a). N. Swalepisma mirabile Irish, 1988, from Irish &amp; Mendes (1988). O. Sceletolepisma occidentale (Irish, 1987), from Irish (1987)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12635016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12635016/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">Fig. 11G–O</figureCitation>
) ................................................................................................................................... 37
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFFF764FF706CEF2715AFE4" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFFF764FF706CEF2714AF4D" blockId="35.[189,1399,748,986]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFFF764FF706CEF2714AF4D" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
33. Abdominal styli on segments III–IX (seven pairs). Lateral combs of urosternites divided by insertion of styli, resulting in 2+2 lateral combs. Antennae with fan-shaped scales (
<figureCitation id="1343B7B1FFFFF764FBAE6D0C2695AF17" box="[1123,1270,783,810]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[242,1341,274,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-11@20.[232,1356,265,1769]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 15. Scales on appendages of Lepismatidae Latreille, 1802, variability in shape and distribution pattern. A–B. Fan-shaped scales on antennae of Stylifera gigantea (Escherich, 1905), with light microscope (A) and with SEM (B). C. Tibial scales of Acrotelsella sp. from Australia, similar to those of the femur. D. Tibial scales of Stylifera gigantea from Venezuela. E–F. Scales on cerci of Ctenolepisma lineatum (Fabricius, 1775) (E) and Stylifera gigantea (F). Scale bars: A, E–F = 0.1 mm; B, D = 0.2 mm; C = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12635024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12635024/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">Fig. 15A–B</figureCitation>
). Terminal filaments covered by scales (
<figureCitation id="1343B7B1FFFFF764FD886D3120CCAF70" box="[581,687,818,845]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[242,1341,274,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-11@20.[232,1356,265,1769]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 15. Scales on appendages of Lepismatidae Latreille, 1802, variability in shape and distribution pattern. A–B. Fan-shaped scales on antennae of Stylifera gigantea (Escherich, 1905), with light microscope (A) and with SEM (B). C. Tibial scales of Acrotelsella sp. from Australia, similar to those of the femur. D. Tibial scales of Stylifera gigantea from Venezuela. E–F. Scales on cerci of Ctenolepisma lineatum (Fabricius, 1775) (E) and Stylifera gigantea (F). Scale bars: A, E–F = 0.1 mm; B, D = 0.2 mm; C = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12635024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12635024/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">Fig. 15F</figureCitation>
). South America, Caribbean coasts, Galapagos islands, SW Africa (introduced?) ........................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFFF764FBB36D562714AF4D" authority="Stach, 1932" authorityName="Stach" authorityYear="1932" box="[1150,1399,853,880]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Stylifera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="35" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFFF764FBB36D562686AF4D" bold="true" box="[1150,1253,853,880]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">Stylifera</emphasis>
Stach, 1932
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFFF764FF0C6D7A2715AFE4" blockId="35.[189,1399,748,986]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFFF764FF0C6D7A2715AFE4" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">– Abdominal styli on segments VIII–IX or VII–IX (2 or 3 pairs). 1+1 lateral combs on urosternites (rarely 1+1 +1). Antennae without fan-shaped scales. Terminal filaments with or without scales .... ......................................................................................................................................................... 34</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFFF764FF706A022715A85F" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFFF764FF706A022714A803" blockId="35.[189,1399,1024,1122]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFFF764FF706A022714A803" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
34. Posterior trichobothrial areas of nota closed (
<figureCitation id="1343B7B1FFFFF764FD3A6A032130A826" box="[759,851,1024,1051]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[200,1388,1381,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-416@10.[189,1398,1375,1850]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 7. Trichobothrial areas, SEM photographs. A. Open trichobothrial areas of the pronotum of Sceletolepisma guadianicum (Mendes, 1992); the anterior area is visible in the upper part of the photo, and the posterior area is placed in the lower part. B. Closed trichobothrial area of Caribesella impudica (Escherich, 1905) comb. nov. (formerly Acrotelsella impudica). Scale bars: A = 0.2 mm; B = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12635008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12635008/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
). Terminal filaments without scales. Caribbean area .................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFFF764FBB16A202766A803" authorityName="Molero-Baltanás &amp; Gaju-Ricart &amp; Smith" authorityYear="2024" box="[1148,1285,1059,1086]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Caribesella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="35" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFFF764FBB16A202766A803" bold="true" box="[1148,1285,1059,1086]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">Caribesella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23FCA5DFFFFF764FAC16A272714A803" box="[1292,1399,1060,1086]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFFF764FF0C6A442715A85F" blockId="35.[189,1399,1024,1122]" box="[193,1398,1095,1122]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFFF764FF0C6A442715A85F" box="[193,1398,1095,1122]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">– All trichobothrial areas open. Terminal filaments with or without scales ...................................... 35</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFFF764FF706A8B2714A8FB" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFFF764FF706A8B2715A89F" blockId="35.[189,1399,1160,1222]" box="[189,1398,1160,1187]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFFF764FF706A8B2715A89F" box="[189,1398,1160,1187]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">35. Urotergites II–VII with 3+3 combs ................................................................................................ 36</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFFF764FF0C6AAF2714A8FB" blockId="35.[189,1399,1160,1222]" box="[193,1399,1195,1222]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFFF764FF0C6AAF2714A8FB" box="[193,1399,1195,1222]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
– Urotergites II–VII with 2+2 combs (
<collectingCountry id="F36FEBA4FFFFF764FD596AA82160A8F8" box="[660,771,1195,1221]" name="Australia" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">Australia</collectingCountry>
) ........................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFFF764FB9A6AA82714A8FB" authority="Smith, 2015" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="2015" box="[1111,1399,1195,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Qantelsella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="35" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFFF764FB9A6AA82683A8FB" bold="true" box="[1111,1248,1195,1222]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">Qantelsella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9D6C5FFFFF764FB2A6AA82714A8FB" author="Smith G. B." box="[1255,1399,1195,1222]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115" pagination="169 - 181" refId="ref22235" refString="Smith G. B. 2015. A new Australian species of Acrotelsella (Zygentoma: Lepismatidae); could it be an endangered short range endemic? Soil Organisms 87 (3): 169 - 181." type="journal article" year="2015">Smith, 2015</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFFF764FF706AEE2714A9A9" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFFF764FF706AEE2714A973" blockId="35.[189,1399,1261,1428]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFFF764FF706AEE2714A973" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
36. Usually two pairs of styli, rarely three or one pair; coxites IX of female usually elongate (three or more times as long as wide at base); coxites IX lacking long transverse combs, although some short combs may occur along inner margins 
<superScript id="7C0D067CFFFFF764FD636B3020A8A97C" attach="left" box="[686,715,1331,1345]" fontSize="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">(11)</superScript>
................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFFF764FBF86B302714A973" authority="Silvestri, 1935" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1935" box="[1077,1399,1331,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Acrotelsella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="35" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFFF764FBF86B3026A7A973" bold="true" box="[1077,1220,1331,1358]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">Acrotelsella</emphasis>
Silvestri, 1935
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFFF764FF0C6B542714A9A9" blockId="35.[189,1399,1261,1428]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFFF764FF0C6B542714A9A9" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
– One pair of abdominal styli only; coxites IX of female short (less than two times as long as wide at base, with long transverse combs (
<collectingCountry id="F36FEBA4FFFFF764FDB36B79208EA9A9" box="[638,749,1402,1428]" name="Australia" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">Australia</collectingCountry>
) ............................................ 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFFF764FB856B7A2714A9A9" authority="Smith, 2016" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="2016" box="[1096,1399,1401,1428]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Hemitelsella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="35" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFFF764FB856B7A2683A9A9" bold="true" box="[1096,1248,1401,1428]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">Hemitelsella</emphasis>
Smith, 2016
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFFF764FF706BB82715A9C5" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFFF764FF706BB82715A9E8" blockId="35.[189,1398,1467,1529]" box="[189,1398,1467,1494]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFFF764FF706BB82715A9E8" box="[189,1398,1467,1494]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">37. At least some abdominal tergites with 3+3 bristle-combs .............................................................. 38</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFFF764FF0C6BDC2715A9C5" blockId="35.[189,1398,1467,1529]" box="[193,1398,1502,1529]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFFF764FF0C6BDC2715A9C5" box="[193,1398,1502,1529]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">– All urotergites with at most 2+2 bristle-combs .............................................................................. 44</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFFF764FF7068232715AA60" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFFF764FF7068232715AA07" blockId="35.[189,1398,1568,1630]" box="[189,1398,1568,1594]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFFF764FF7068232715AA07" box="[189,1398,1568,1594]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">38. Abdominal tergite I usually with 1+1 bristle-combs, sometimes with 2+2 .................................... 39</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFFF764FF0C68472715AA60" blockId="35.[189,1398,1568,1630]" box="[193,1398,1603,1630]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFFF764FF0C68472715AA60" box="[193,1398,1603,1630]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">– Abdominal tergite I with 3+3 bristle-combs ................................................................................... 42</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFFF764FF7068862715AAD8" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFFF764FF7068862714AAFF" blockId="35.[189,1399,1668,1765]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFFF764FF7068862714AAFF" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
39. Median bristle-comb of abdominal sternites divided into two combs. Praetarsus without empodium. Namib desert .................................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFFF764FBAC68A42714AAFF" authority="Irish, 1988" authorityName="Irish" authorityYear="1988" box="[1121,1399,1703,1730]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Swalepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="35" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFFF764FBAC68A42693AAFF" bold="true" box="[1121,1264,1703,1730]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">Swalepisma</emphasis>
Irish, 1988
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFFF764FF0C68C82715AAD8" blockId="35.[189,1399,1668,1765]" box="[193,1398,1739,1765]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFFF764FF0C68C82715AAD8" box="[193,1398,1739,1765]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">– Median bristle-comb of abdominal sternites single or absent. Praetarsus with empodium ............ 40</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFFFF764FF70690F2715ABEB" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFFF764FF70690F2714AB89" blockId="35.[189,1399,1804,2007]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFFF764FF70690F2714AB89" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
40. All abdominal sternites without median combs or only one small comb on one sternite. Last abdominal tergite of variable shape (trapezoidal with convex, straight or slightly concave hind margin, subtriangular, or short and slightly convex). N and Central America, S Palaearctic, 
<collectingRegion id="49BC65D6FFFFF764FADB6950235BABAD" country="Saudi Arabia" name="Ash Sharqiyah" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">Oriental region</collectingRegion>
, Africa, some species almost cosmopolitan by human dispersal 
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......................................... ............................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFFFF764FC50699A2764AB89" authority="Escherich, 1905" authorityName="Escherich" authorityYear="1905" box="[925,1287,1945,1972]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Ctenolepisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="35" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFFFF764FC50699A2621AB89" bold="true" box="[925,1090,1945,1972]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">Ctenolepisma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9D6C5FFFFF764FB84699A2764AB89" author="Escherich K." box="[1097,1287,1945,1972]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref20193" refString="Escherich K. 1905. Das System der Lepismatiden. Zoologica (Stuttgart) 43: 1 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7909" type="journal article" year="1905">Escherich, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23FCA5DFFFFF764FAC369992714AB89" box="[1294,1399,1946,1972]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFFFF764FF0C69BE2715ABEB" blockId="35.[189,1399,1804,2007]" box="[193,1398,1980,2007]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">
<keyLead id="30890801FFFFF764FF0C69BE2715ABEB" box="[193,1398,1980,2007]" pageId="35" pageNumber="115">– Several abdominal sternites with median bristle-combs ................................................................ 41</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFF8F763FF706F0A2714ADE9" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFF8F763FF706F0A2714AD57" blockId="36.[189,1399,265,468]" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
<keyLead id="30890801FFF8F763FF706F0A2710AD57" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
41. Praetarsal claws normal, empodium smooth. Last abdominal tergite trapezoidal, with its hind margin slightly convex, straight or slightly concave. S Eurasia and Africa ................................................... ..................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF8F763FCAE6F4C2764AD57" authority="Wygodzinsky, 1955" authorityName="sensu Wygodzinsky" authorityYear="1955" box="[867,1287,335,362]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Sceletolepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="36" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF8F763FCAE6F4C2675AD57" bold="true" box="[867,1046,335,362]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">Sceletolepisma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9D6C5FFF8F763FBD36F4C2764AD57" author="Wygodzinsky P." box="[1054,1287,335,362]" pageId="36" pageNumber="116" pagination="83 - 190" refId="ref22565" refString="Wygodzinsky P. 1955. Thysanura. In: Hanstrom B., Brink B. &amp; Rudebeck G. (eds) South African Animal Life 2: 83 - 190. AlmQvist &amp; Wiksells Boktryckeri AB, Uppsala." type="book chapter" year="1955">Wygodzinsky, 1955</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23FCA5DFFF8F763FAC36F532714AD57" box="[1294,1399,336,362]" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFF8F763FF0C6F702714ADE9" blockId="36.[189,1399,265,468]" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
<keyLead id="30890801FFF8F763FF0C6F702714ADE9" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
– Praetarsal claws thin and very long, empodium rugose. Last abdominal tergite short, rounded subtriangular, with its hind margin clearly convex. Southern N America .......................................... .................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF8F763FB8A6FBB2714ADE9" authority="Wall, 1954" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1954" box="[1095,1399,440,468]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Leucolepisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="36" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF8F763FB8A6FBB268CADEE" bold="true" box="[1095,1263,440,467]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">Leucolepisma</emphasis>
Wall, 1954
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFF8F763FF706FF82714AE66" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFF8F763FF706FF82715AE05" blockId="36.[189,1399,506,603]" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
<keyLead id="30890801FFF8F763FF706FF82715AE05" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">42. Each praetarsus with two claws (of similar or different size), without empodium or very reduced .. ......................................................................................................................................................... 43</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFF8F763FF0C6C422714AE66" blockId="36.[189,1399,506,603]" box="[193,1399,576,603]" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
<keyLead id="30890801FFF8F763FF0C6C422714AE66" box="[193,1399,576,603]" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
– Each praetarsus only with a single claw. SW Africa ............................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF8F763FBF86C432714AE66" authority="Irish, 1988" authorityName="Irish" authorityYear="1988" box="[1077,1399,576,603]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Nebkhalepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="36" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF8F763FBF86C432693AE66" bold="true" box="[1077,1264,576,603]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">Nebkhalepisma</emphasis>
Irish, 1988
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFF8F763FF706C812714AF14" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFF8F763FF706C812714AEDE" blockId="36.[189,1401,642,810]" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
<keyLead id="30890801FFF8F763FF706C812714AEDE" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
43. Each coxa with one or more transverse bristle-combs. Inner process of coxite IX also with one or more transverse bristle-combs, frequently multiseriate and/or with a large number of macrochaetae. Deserts of S Palaearctic: Sahara, Arabia .............................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF8F763FBD16CCB2714AEDE" authority="Silvestri, 1932" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1932" box="[1052,1399,712,739]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Hyperlepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="36" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF8F763FBD16CCB26A7AEDE" bold="true" box="[1052,1220,712,739]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">Hyperlepisma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9D6C5FFF8F763FB066CCA2714AEDE" author="Silvestri F." box="[1227,1399,713,739]" pageId="36" pageNumber="116" pagination="293 - 301" refId="ref22094" refString="Silvestri F. 1932. Tisanuri. Spedizione scientifica all'oasi di Cufra (marzo-luglio 1931). Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Genova 55: 293 - 301. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 34495115 [accessed 14 May 2024]." type="book chapter" year="1932">Silvestri, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFF8F763FF0C6CEF2714AF14" blockId="36.[189,1401,642,810]" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
<keyLead id="30890801FFF8F763FF0C6CEF2714AF14" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
– Coxae lacking transverse bristle-combs. Inner process of coxite IX without transverse comb or with a small comb with few macrochaetae. Namib desert ................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF8F763FB806D0D2714AF14" authority="Irish, 1989" authorityName="Irish" authorityYear="1989" box="[1101,1399,782,809]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Gopsilepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="36" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF8F763FB806D0D2693AF14" bold="true" box="[1101,1264,782,809]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">Gopsilepisma</emphasis>
Irish, 1989
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFF8F763FF706D522715AFB3" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFF8F763FF706D522714AF56" blockId="36.[189,1399,848,910]" box="[189,1399,848,875]" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
<keyLead id="30890801FFF8F763FF706D522714AF56" box="[189,1399,848,875]" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
44. Abdominal sternites without median bristle-combs. SW Africa ............... 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF8F763FB8E6D532714AF56" authority="Irish, 1988" authorityName="Irish" authorityYear="1988" box="[1091,1399,848,875]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Ornatilepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="36" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF8F763FB8E6D532693AF56" bold="true" box="[1091,1264,848,875]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">Ornatilepisma</emphasis>
Irish, 1988
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFF8F763FF0C6D772715AFB3" blockId="36.[189,1399,848,910]" box="[193,1398,883,910]" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
<keyLead id="30890801FFF8F763FF0C6D772715AFB3" box="[193,1398,883,910]" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
– Several abdominal sternites with a median bristle-comb 
<superScript id="7C0D067CFFF8F763FCB66D7021F3AFBC" attach="left" box="[891,912,883,897]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">(8)</superScript>
............................................................ 45
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFF8F763FF706DB62714A804" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFF8F763FF706DB62715AFF2" blockId="36.[189,1399,949,1081]" box="[189,1398,949,976]" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
<keyLead id="30890801FFF8F763FF706DB62715AFF2" box="[189,1398,949,976]" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">45. Urotergite X trapezoidal, with its hind margin straight or slightly concave ................................... 46</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFF8F763FF0C6DDA2714A804" blockId="36.[189,1399,949,1081]" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
<keyLead id="30890801FFF8F763FF0C6DDA2714A804" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
– Urotergite X subtriangular, with its hind margin convex, more or less rounded (
<figureCitation id="1343B7B1FFF8F763FB5F6DDB2740AFCF" box="[1170,1315,984,1010]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1592,1618]" captionTargetBox="[219,1377,316,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-11@14.[189,1398,286,1531]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 11. Shape and chaetotaxy of the urotergite X (last abdominal tergite) of Lepismatidae Latreille, 1802, variability. A. Caribesella impudica (Escherich, 1905) comb. nov., adapted from Wygodzinsky (1959a). B. Qantelsella louisae Smith, 2015, from Smith (2015). C. Stylifera gigantea (Escherich, 1905), from Irish (1988c). D. Acrotelsella parlevar Smith 2016, from Smith (2016b). E. Hemitelsella clarksonorum Smith, 2016, from Smith (2016b). F. Hemitelsella hortorum Smith &amp; Mitchell, 2021, from Smith &amp; Mitchell (2021). G. Thermobia vallaris Irish, 1988, from Irish (1988b). H. Thermobia domestica (Packard, 1873), from Irish (1988b). I. Sceletolepisma sagartianum (Molero, Kahrarian &amp; Gaju, 2016), from Kahrarian et al. (2016). J. Hyperlepisma patrizii Silvestri, 1932, from Silvestri (1932). K. Nebkhalepisma australe (Wygodzinsky, 1959), from Wygodzinsky (1959b). L. Hyperlepisma arabiense Irish, 1991, from Irish (1991). M. Ornatilepisma horni Irish, 1988, from Irish (1988a). N. Swalepisma mirabile Irish, 1988, from Irish &amp; Mendes (1988). O. Sceletolepisma occidentale (Irish, 1987), from Irish (1987)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12635016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12635016/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">Fig. 11G–H</figureCitation>
). S Palaearctic and S Africa, some species domestic, almost cosmopolitan by human dispersal 
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............. .................................................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF8F763FBF56A1D2714A804" authority="Bergroth, 1890" authorityName="Bergroth" authorityYear="1890" box="[1080,1399,1054,1081]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Thermobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="36" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF8F763FBF56A1D26DDA804" bold="true" box="[1080,1214,1054,1081]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">Thermobia</emphasis>
Bergroth, 1890
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308CB391FFF8F763FF706A632714A93A" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFF8F763FF706A632714A8A0" blockId="36.[189,1399,1120,1287]" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
<keyLead id="30890801FFF8F763FF706A632714A8A0" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
46. Abdominal sternites I and II bare; abdominal sternite III with only one median comb. Apical article of labial palp with five sensory papillae. S Africa ................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF8F763FBE66A802714A8A0" authority="Irish, 1988" authorityName="Irish" authorityYear="1988" box="[1067,1399,1155,1182]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Psammolepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="36" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF8F763FBE66A802693A8A3" bold="true" box="[1067,1264,1155,1182]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">Psammolepisma</emphasis>
Irish, 1988
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFF8F763FF0C6AA42714A93A" blockId="36.[189,1399,1120,1287]" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
<keyLead id="30890801FFF8F763FF0C6AA42714A93A" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
– Abdominal sternites I and II with one median comb; abdominal sternites II and III with 1+1 lateral bristle-combs. Apical article of labial palp with three sensory papillae. 
<collectingCountry id="F36FEBA4FFF8F763FBE46AC926F8A8D9" box="[1065,1179,1226,1252]" name="Mongolia" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
<superScript id="7C0D067CFFF8F763FB526ACA26D8A8EA" attach="left" box="[1183,1211,1225,1239]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">(10)</superScript>
....................... .................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF8F763FB8E6AEF2714A93A" authority="Kaplin, 1989" authorityName="Kaplin" authorityYear="1989" box="[1091,1399,1260,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Asiolepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="36" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF8F763FB8E6AEF26B5A93A" bold="true" box="[1091,1238,1260,1287]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">Asiolepisma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9D6C5FFF8F763FB106AEE2714A93A" author="Kaplin V. G." box="[1245,1399,1261,1287]" pageId="36" pageNumber="116" pagination="62 - 72" refId="ref20629" refString="Kaplin V. G. 1989. On the knowledge of the fauna of Thysanura (Lepismatidae, Machilidae) of Mongolia. Insects of Mongolia 10: 62 - 72. [In Russian.]" type="journal article" year="1989">Kaplin, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C362F8BFFFF8F762FF706B2D21EDA8FD" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="36" pageNumber="116" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFF8F763FF706B2D23A5A975" blockId="36.[189,454,1326,1352]" box="[189,454,1326,1352]" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF8F763FF706B2D23A5A975" bold="true" box="[189,454,1326,1352]" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">Comments to the key</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFF8F763FF706B5F2355A9A7" blockId="36.[189,1399,1372,1434]" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
<superScript id="7C0D067CFFF8F763FF706B5F22B3A957" attach="left" box="[189,208,1372,1386]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">(1)</superScript>
Parameres are not described for 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF8F763FDA86B5E209FA94A" authorityName="Paclt" authorityYear="1967" box="[613,764,1373,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Paracrotelsa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="36" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF8F763FDA86B5E209FA94A" box="[613,764,1373,1399]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">Paracrotelsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, where only the female sex was described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9D6C5FFF8F763FAEF6B5E2355A9A7" author="Uchida H." pageId="36" pageNumber="116" pagination="38 - 47" refId="ref22546" refString="Uchida H. 1949. Apterygota aus Neu-Guinea. Insecta Matsumurana 17 (1): 38 - 47" type="journal article" year="1949">Uchida (1949)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFF8F763FEFB6B832359A9A7" blockId="36.[189,1399,1372,1434]" box="[310,314,1408,1434]" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFF8F763FF706BC22768AA7B" blockId="36.[189,1399,1473,1606]" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
<superScript id="7C0D067CFFF8F763FF706BC222B2A9F2" attach="left" box="[189,209,1473,1487]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">(2)</superScript>
The genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF8F763FEAB6BC22078A9E6" authorityName="Paclt" authorityYear="1953" box="[358,539,1473,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Apteryskenoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="36" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF8F763FEAB6BC22078A9E6" box="[358,539,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">Apteryskenoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23FCA5DFFF8F763FDEF6BC12002A9E1" box="[546,609,1474,1500]" pageId="36" pageNumber="116" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has not been included due to its poor original (and only available) description. If it fits with the previous options of this key (i.e., thoracic sternites reduced and covered by coxae, males with thin paramera, ventral abdominal segments with at least 2+2 combs of macrochaetae), it differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF8F763FD85682F2083AA78" authorityName="Kaplin" authorityYear="1992" box="[584,736,1580,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Desertinoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="36" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF8F763FD85682F2083AA78" box="[584,736,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">Desertinoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having six papillae arranged in a single row.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFF8F763FF70686F2690AA97" blockId="36.[189,1399,1644,1706]" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
<superScript id="7C0D067CFFF8F763FF70686F22B2AA47" attach="left" box="[189,209,1644,1658]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">(3)</superScript>
The fossil genera attributed to this subfamily are included here because of the absence of a setal collar; antennal sensilla and scales of legs are not clearly visible in preserved specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFF8F763FF7068D22664AB32" blockId="36.[189,1399,1745,1807]" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
<superScript id="7C0D067CFFF8F763FF7068D222B2AAE2" attach="left" box="[189,209,1745,1759]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">(4)</superScript>
Antennal sensilla cannot clearly be seen in the fossil specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF8F763FC1068D22619AAD6" authorityName="Mendes &amp; Poinar" authorityYear="2013" box="[989,1146,1745,1771]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Protolepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="36" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF8F763FC1068D22619AAD6" box="[989,1146,1745,1771]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">Protolepisma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the paramera are large, almost attaining the apex of the inner process of the coxite IX.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFF8F763FF7069362346AB84" blockId="36.[189,1399,1845,1977]" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">
<superScript id="7C0D067CFFF8F763FF70693622B2AB7E" attach="left" box="[189,209,1845,1859]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">(5)</superScript>
Recent genetic and morphological phylogenetic studies suggest that the distinction between 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF8F763FF2E695A23E8AB4E" authorityName="Paclt" authorityYear="1967" box="[227,395,1881,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Tricholepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="36" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF8F763FF2E695A23E8AB4E" box="[227,395,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">Tricholepisma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF8F763FE0A695A20F9AB4E" authorityName="Mendes" authorityYear="1988" box="[455,666,1881,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Neoasterolepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="36" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF8F763FE0A695A20F9AB4E" box="[455,666,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">Neoasterolepisma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
makes no sense, and that they conform to a single clade. The priority of the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF8F763FE11697F20E7ABAB" authorityName="Paclt" authorityYear="1967" box="[476,644,1916,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Tricholepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="36" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF8F763FE11697F20E7ABAB" box="[476,644,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="116">Tricholepisma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will eventually give this name to the clade, according to ICZN rules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFF9F762FF706F0B2714AD1E" blockId="37.[189,1399,264,291]" box="[189,1399,264,291]" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">
<superScript id="7C0D067CFFF9F762FF706F0B22B2AD2B" attach="left" box="[189,209,264,278]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">(6)</superScript>
According to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9D6C5FFF9F762FE4F6F0A2055AD1E" author="Mendes L. F." box="[386,566,265,291]" pageId="37" pageNumber="117" pagination="3 - 13" refId="ref21176" refString="Mendes L. F. 1991. On the phylogeny of the genera of Lepismatidae (Insecta: Zygentoma). In: Veeresh G. K., Rajagopal D. &amp; Viraktamath C. A. (eds) Advances in Management and Conservation of Soil Fauna: 3 - 13. Oxford &amp; IBH Publishing, New Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta." type="book chapter" year="1991">Mendes (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF9F762FD8D6F0A20B6AD1E" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1938" box="[576,725,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Mirolepisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="37" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF9F762FD8D6F0A20B6AD1E" box="[576,725,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">Mirolepisma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF9F762FCC16F0A21CAAD1E" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1940" box="[780,937,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Prolepismina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="37" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF9F762FCC16F0A21CAAD1E" box="[780,937,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">Prolepismina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be considered as a single genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFF9F762FF706F49235CADB5" blockId="37.[189,1398,330,392]" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">
<superScript id="7C0D067CFFF9F762FF706F4922B3AD65" attach="left" box="[189,208,330,344]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">(7)</superScript>
Heterogeneous group requiring revision, especially of American and some Afrotropical and 
<collectingRegion id="49BC65D6FFF9F762FADB6F492715AD59" box="[1302,1398,330,356]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="Ash Sharqiyah" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">Oriental</collectingRegion>
species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFF9F762FF706FAD2046ADD1" blockId="37.[189,1398,430,493]" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">
<superScript id="7C0D067CFFF9F762FF706FAD22B2AD81" attach="left" box="[189,209,430,444]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">(8)</superScript>
Following the description of Silvestri, the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF9F762FCE96FAC21CDADF4" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1940" box="[804,942,431,457]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Panlepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="37" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF9F762FCE96FAC21CDADF4" box="[804,942,431,457]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">Panlepisma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fits here, but the identity of this genus from 
<collectingCountry id="F36FEBA4FFF9F762FEEF6FD123F4ADD1" box="[290,407,466,492]" name="Argentina" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">Argentina</collectingCountry>
is not clear.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFF9F762FF706C1026A0AE48" blockId="37.[189,1398,531,629]" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">
<superScript id="7C0D067CFFF9F762FF706C1022B3AE1C" attach="left" box="[189,208,531,545]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">(9)</superScript>
This genus is probably heterogeneous and S African species could be separated into a different genus. Specimens recorded in natural habitats of N. America should be revised, since they probably are more related to 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF9F762FE0A6C592009AE49" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1954" box="[455,618,602,628]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Leucolepisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="37" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF9F762FE0A6C592009AE49" box="[455,618,602,628]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">Leucolepisma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or to a lineage of the heterogeneous 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF9F762FBD66C5926DFAE49" authorityName="Escherich" authorityYear="1905" box="[1051,1212,602,628]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Ctenolepisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="37" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF9F762FBD66C5926DFAE49" box="[1051,1212,602,628]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">Ctenolepisma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFF9F762FF706C982355AFB4" blockId="37.[189,1399,667,905]" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">
<superScript id="7C0D067CFFF9F762FF706C9822BAAE94" attach="left" box="[189,217,667,681]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">(10)</superScript>
It seems that 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9D6C5FFF9F762FE476C982055AE8B" author="Kaplin V. G." box="[394,566,667,694]" pageId="37" pageNumber="117" pagination="62 - 72" refId="ref20629" refString="Kaplin V. G. 1989. On the knowledge of the fauna of Thysanura (Lepismatidae, Machilidae) of Mongolia. Insects of Mongolia 10: 62 - 72. [In Russian.]" type="journal article" year="1989">Kaplin (1989)</bibRefCitation>
, when describing the new genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF9F762FC1F6C982602AE88" authorityName="Kaplin" authorityYear="1989" box="[978,1121,667,693]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Asiolepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="37" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF9F762FC1F6C982602AE88" box="[978,1121,667,693]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">Asiolepisma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was not aware of the description of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF9F762FDC86CBC20A6AEE4" authorityName="Irish" authorityYear="1988" box="[517,709,703,729]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Psammolepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="37" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF9F762FDC86CBC20A6AEE4" box="[517,709,703,729]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">Psammolepisma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Irish, and unfortunately no discussion comparing these genera was included. We have not seen specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF9F762FCA26CE1219FAEC1" authorityName="Kaplin" authorityYear="1989" box="[879,1020,738,764]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Asiolepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="37" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF9F762FCA26CE1219FAEC1" box="[879,1020,738,764]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">Asiolepisma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but they seem to be similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF9F762FF286D0623F6AF22" authorityName="sensu Wygodzinsky" authorityYear="1955" box="[229,405,773,799]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Sceletolepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="37" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF9F762FF286D0623F6AF22" box="[229,405,773,799]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">Sceletolepisma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from neighbouring areas in other characters, so probably 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF9F762FB846D0626BBAF22" authorityName="Kaplin" authorityYear="1989" box="[1097,1240,773,799]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Asiolepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="37" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF9F762FB846D0626BBAF22" box="[1097,1240,773,799]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">Asiolepisma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
derives from some 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF9F762FEE36D2B23BDAF7F" authorityName="sensu Wygodzinsky" authorityYear="1955" box="[302,478,808,834]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Sceletolepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="37" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF9F762FEE36D2B23BDAF7F" box="[302,478,808,834]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">Sceletolepisma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by losing one urotergal bristle-comb. If this is the situation, 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF9F762FB2A6D2B2715AF7F" authorityName="Kaplin" authorityYear="1989" box="[1255,1398,808,834]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Asiolepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="37" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF9F762FB2A6D2B2715AF7F" box="[1255,1398,808,834]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">Asiolepisma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
probably lacks scales on the tibiae, and we have observed that 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF9F762FC106D4826FEAF58" authorityName="Irish" authorityYear="1988" box="[989,1181,843,869]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Psammolepisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="37" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF9F762FC106D4826FEAF58" box="[989,1181,843,869]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">Psammolepisma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has scales on this article.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7AB34FFF9F762FF706DAC21EDA8FD" blockId="37.[189,1399,943,1217]" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">
<superScript id="7C0D067CFFF9F762FF706DAC22BAAF80" attach="left" box="[189,217,943,957]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">(11)</superScript>
The genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF9F762FEA66DB3239BAFF7" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1935" box="[363,504,944,970]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Acrotelsella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="37" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF9F762FEA66DB3239BAFF7" box="[363,504,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">Acrotelsella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has many undescribed species and is in need of revision. Molecular and morphological studies currently underway have identified two clades within the Australian species currently included under 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF9F762FE336DF520E8A82D" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1935" box="[510,651,1014,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Acrotelsella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="37" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF9F762FE336DF520E8A82D" box="[510,651,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">Acrotelsella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Females in one clade have simple, primary ovipositors, sheathed on either side by very long extensions of the inner processes of coxites IX; this clade represents 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF9F762FF2E6A3E2313A86A" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1935" box="[227,368,1085,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Acrotelsella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="37" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF9F762FF2E6A3E2313A86A" box="[227,368,1085,1111]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">Acrotelsella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23FCA5DFFF9F762FEB46A3E23DBA86A" box="[377,440,1085,1111]" pageId="37" pageNumber="117" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
The second clade contains species with secondary ovipositors and shorter inner processes on coxites IX, however the molecular data places 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF9F762FC696A632648A847" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="2015" box="[932,1067,1120,1146]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Qantelsella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="37" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF9F762FC696A632648A847" box="[932,1067,1120,1146]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">Qantelsella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF9F762FBA86A63269AA847" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="2016" box="[1125,1273,1120,1146]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Hemitelsella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="37" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF9F762FBA86A63269AA847" box="[1125,1273,1120,1146]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">Hemitelsella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
within the same clade. Furthermore, 
<taxonomicName id="4C78D0B7FFF9F762FDD36A80266BA8A0" authority="Womersley, 1939" authorityName="Womersley" authorityYear="1939" box="[542,1032,1155,1181]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" genus="Acrotelsella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="37" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="escherichi">
<emphasis id="B90C7726FFF9F762FDD36A80214DA8A0" box="[542,814,1155,1181]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">Acrotelsella escherichi</emphasis>
Womersley, 1939
</taxonomicName>
was described as having both elongated inner processes but a secondary 
<typeStatus id="54C31596FFF9F762FD1A6AA42169A8FC" box="[727,778,1191,1217]" pageId="37" pageNumber="117">type</typeStatus>
ovipositor.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>