treatments-xml/data/03/C1/AC/03C1AC77EA7FFFEF1BAAD7A28FD28947.xml

<document id="F5D481F8935DEA45C718E9D35663F78F" ID-CLB-Dataset="39205" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="73a01332-705b-4fb4-9802-8c8b880b6e8c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="245685" ID-ZooBank="6FCD98F2-A06B-4FD1-A6D1-A5E5911F80C4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461364926386" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hibino, Yusuke, Ho, Hsuan-Ching &amp; Kimura, Seishi" docDate="2015" docId="03C1AC77EA7FFFEF1BAAD7A28FD28947" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04060p048.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4060 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sympenchelys Hibino, Ho &amp; Kimura, 2015, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="FFF8D40FEA7EFFED1B3DD65C8D668E31" masterDocTitle="A new genus and species of worm eels, Sympenchelys taiwanensis (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae: Myrophinae), from the northwestern Pacific Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1698661932521" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="30732B05B62316AF20F92DD61B8A62D3">A new genus and species of worm eels, Sympenchelys taiwanensis (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae: Myrophinae), from the northwestern Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8CE496248D7B844990C6995AD8502666">Hibino, Yusuke</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CEB6FA1E4B10919229C19C7F38EC443E">Ho, Hsuan-Ching</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03C1AC77EA7FFFEF1BAAD7A28FD28947" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5697434" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119649180" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5697434" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C1AC77EA7FFFEF1BAAD7A28FD28947" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C1AC77EA7FFFEF1BAAD7A28FD28947" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<subSubSection id="C3724EEAEA7FFFEC1BAAD7A28CCC8C26" box="[151,426,510,535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD71D61EA7FFFEC1BAAD7A28CCC8C26" blockId="1.[151,426,510,535]" box="[151,426,510,535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<heading id="D09FAA0DEA7FFFEC1BAAD7A28CCC8C26" bold="true" box="[151,426,510,535]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7FFFEC1BAAD7A28CCC8C26" bold="true" box="[151,426,510,535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7FFFEC1BAAD7A28C5C8C26" box="[151,314,510,535]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Sympenchelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7FFFEC1BAAD7A28C5C8C26" bold="true" box="[151,314,510,535]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Sympenchelys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F7C08EA7FFFEC1A7CD7A28CCC8C26" box="[321,426,510,535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3724EEAEA7FFFEC1BAAD41E8FE08C66" box="[151,646,577,599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD71D61EA7FFFEC1BAAD41E8FE08C66" blockId="1.[151,646,577,599]" box="[151,646,577,599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<typeStatus id="54D3A3C3EA7FFFEC1BAAD41E8DAF8C66" box="[151,201,578,599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Type</typeStatus>
species. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7FFFEC1A18D41D8F578C66" box="[293,561,577,599]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Sympenchelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taiwanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7FFFEC1A18D41D8F578C66" box="[293,561,577,599]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Sympenchelys taiwanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F7C08EA7FFFEC190AD41E8FE08C66" box="[567,646,578,599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3724EEAEA7FFFEC1BAAD4D88E928D44" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD71D61EA7FFFEC1BAAD4D88E928D44" blockId="1.[151,1436,644,885]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7FFFEC1BAAD4D88C778CAC" bold="true" box="[151,273,644,669]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A genus of the family 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7FFFEC1928D4D88FC98CAC" box="[533,687,644,669]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ophichthidae</taxonomicName>
, subfamily 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7FFFEC180FD4D88ED88CAC" box="[818,958,644,669]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myrophinae">Myrophinae</taxonomicName>
, defined by neural and haemal spines with well-developed paddle-like tips (
<figureCitation id="135301E4EA7FFFEC192BD4FB8F3D8CF1" box="[534,603,679,704]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1649,1670]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,948,1627]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[340,1247,935,1627]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Caudal vertebrae of Sympenchelys taiwanensis sp. nov. a NMMB-P 17554, paratype, 194.0 mm TL (cleared-and-stained); b ASIZP 60198, paratype, 279.0 mm TL (soft-X ray photograph)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245686/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) and the following combination of characters: anterior nostril tubular; posterior nostril opening outside of mouth, above upper lip, with a short flap anteriorly; eye located above anterior half of upper jaw; teeth on jaws, vomer and intermaxillary region, generally large, recurved and pointed; a single sensory pore located between anterior and posterior nostrils; three preopercular pores; gill opening large, not constricted; pectoral fin absent, but an extremely short dermal flap located just after gill opening; maxilla relatively slender and distinctly tapered posteriorly; supraoccipital crest not developed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF174DE9EA7FFFEC1BAAD02D8E768892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245686/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" targetBox="[340,1246,948,1627]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8BD71D61EA7FFFEC1BAAD02D8E768892" blockId="1.[151,1436,1649,1699]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7FFFEC1BAAD02D8C6A88B7" bold="true" box="[151,268,1649,1670]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Caudal vertebrae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7FFFEC1AEFD02D8FA988B7" box="[466,719,1649,1670]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Sympenchelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taiwanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7FFFEC1AEFD02D8FA988B7" box="[466,719,1649,1670]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Sympenchelys taiwanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F7C08EA7FFFEC19E8D02D8E7988B7" box="[725,799,1649,1670]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7FFFEC181ED02D8E4988B7" bold="true" box="[803,815,1649,1670]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">a</emphasis>
NMMB-P 17554, paratype, 194.0 mm TL (cleared-and-stained); 
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7FFFEC1BAAD0D28DC28892" bold="true" box="[151,164,1678,1699]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">b</emphasis>
ASIZP 60198, paratype, 279.0 mm TL (soft-X ray photograph).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3724EEAEA7FFFEF1BFAD0A88CA08FE1" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD71D61EA7FFFEF1BFAD0A88CA08FE1" blockId="1.[151,1436,1780,2021]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,464]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7FFFEC1BFAD0A88C3F893C" bold="true" box="[199,345,1780,1805]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Description.</emphasis>
Body long, extremely compressed laterally, preanal length shorter than tail (
<figureCitation id="135301E4EA7FFFEC1FE1D0A88843893C" box="[1244,1317,1780,1805]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,244,890,911]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,515,869]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[340,1247,515,869]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Fresh condition of Sympenchelys taiwanensis sp. nov., NMMB-P 22188, holotype, 258.8 mm TL, collected from Donggang, Taiwan. A, position of anus; D, origin of dorsal fin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245687/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Anterior nostril tubular; posterior nostril opening outside of mouth, above upper lip, with a short flap anteriorly; eye located above anterior half of upper jaw; mouth inferior; mouth large; lips smooth. Teeth on jaws, vomer and intermaxillary region, generally large, recurved and pointed. Gill opening large, not constricted; an extremely short dermal flap located just after gill opening. Median fins low, confluent with caudal fin; origin of dorsal fin located before anus. Sensory pores of head developed, supraorbital, infraorbital, preoperculomandibular, interorbital and supratemporal pores present. Gill arches less developed: first basibranchial ossified, second to fourth basibranchials cartilaginous; first and second hypobranchials ossified, third cartilaginous; first to fourth ceratobranchials ossified, fifth absent; first to fourth epibranchials ossified; first and second interbranchials ossified; third upper pharyngeal tooth plate with three conical teeth, fourth upper pharyngeal tooth plate with 16 conical teeth arranged as an oval ring along edge of plate and scattered inside, both plates closely sutured but not fused; lower pharyngeal tooth plate with 15 conical teeth in two longitudinal rows. Jaws elongate; maxillae relatively slender and distinctly tapered posteriorly. Eight branchiostegal rays attached to each epihyal with 31 unattached pairs well behind basal arch. Pectoral girdle reduced to extremely slender cleithrum and supracleithum. Supraoccipital crest not developed. Epipleural ribs on all precaudal vertebrae. Neural and haemal spines with welldeveloped paddle-like tips.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF174DE9EA7CFFEF1BAAD5268FD98D9D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245687/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[340,1246,515,869]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BD71D61EA7CFFEF1BAAD5268FD98D9D" blockId="2.[151,1435,890,940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF1BAAD5268C6B8DBE" bold="true" box="[151,269,890,911]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Fresh condition of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF1AF1D5268FAC8DBE" box="[460,714,890,911]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Sympenchelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taiwanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF1AF1D5268FAC8DBE" box="[460,714,890,911]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Sympenchelys taiwanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F7C08EA7CFFEF19ECD5268E788DBE" box="[721,798,890,911]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, NMMB-P 22188, holotype, 258.8 mm TL, collected from Donggang, Taiwan. A, position of anus; D, origin of dorsal fin.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3724EEAEA7CFFEF1BFAD5A18FB98A0B" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BD71D61EA7CFFEF1BFAD5A18FB98A0B" blockId="2.[151,1437,1021,1910]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF1BFAD5A18C288A27" bold="true" box="[199,334,1021,1046]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Etymology.</emphasis>
The scientific name is derived from its compressed body and neural and haemal spines, the Greek 
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF1BAAD27E8D968A08" box="[151,240,1058,1081]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">sympiez</emphasis>
(compress) and 
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF1A94D27D8F6F8A08" box="[425,521,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">enchelys</emphasis>
(an eel), feminine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3724EEAEA7CFFEF1BFAD2198FE38AFB" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD71D61EA7CFFEF1BFAD2198FE38AFB" blockId="2.[151,1437,1021,1910]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF1BFAD2198C5D8A6F" bold="true" box="[199,315,1093,1118]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Remarks.</emphasis>
The genus can be distinguished from all other myrophine genera by the well-developed neural and haemal spines with paddle-like tips. Although 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF1984D23589D38AB3" authority="Bleeker 1853" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1853" box="[697,1205,1129,1154]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Muraenichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gymnopterus">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF1984D2358E9B8AB0" box="[697,1021,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Muraenichthys gymnopterus</emphasis>
(Bleeker 1853)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF1FC9D2358C6A8A94" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Muraenichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thompsoni">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF1FC9D2358C6A8A94" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Muraenichthys thompsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF96090EA7CFFEF1A2AD2D18F348A97" author="Jordan" box="[279,594,1165,1190]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" refString="Jordan, D. S. &amp; Richardson, R. E. (1908) Fishes from islands of the Philippine Archipelago. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, 27, 233 - 287." type="journal article" year="1908">
<collectingCountry id="F37F5DF1EA7CFFEF1A2AD2D18C048A97" box="[279,354,1165,1190]" name="Jordan" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Jordan</collectingCountry>
&amp; Richardson 1908
</bibRefCitation>
have relatively better developed neural and haemal spines, their neural spines have pointed, not paddle-shaped tips.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3724EEAEA7CFFEF1BFAD2898FD28947" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD71D61EA7CFFEF1BFAD2898F378BD8" blockId="2.[151,1437,1021,1910]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF1BFAD2898C028ADC" box="[199,356,1237,1261]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Sympenchelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF1BFAD2898C028ADC" box="[199,356,1237,1261]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Sympenchelys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also easily distinguished from eight (
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF180FD2898E098ADC" ID-CoL="R4J" box="[818,879,1237,1261]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ahlia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF180FD2898E098ADC" box="[818,879,1237,1261]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Ahlia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF96090EA7CFFEF1845D28989098ADF" author="Jordan" box="[888,1135,1237,1262]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" refString="Jordan, D. S. &amp; Davis, B. M. (1891) A preliminary review of the apodal fishes or eels inhabiting the waters of America and Europe. United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, Report of the Commissioner, 16, 581 - 677." type="journal article" year="1891">
<collectingCountry id="F37F5DF1EA7CFFEF1845D2898EA58ADF" box="[888,963,1237,1262]" name="Jordan" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Jordan</collectingCountry>
&amp; Davis 1891
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF1F40D2898DB48B23" ID-CoL="62CKZ" authority="McCosker 1985" authorityName="McCosker" authorityYear="1985" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Asarcenchelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF1F40D28988788ADC" box="[1149,1310,1237,1261]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Asarcenchelys</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF96090EA7CFFEF1E1AD2898DB48B23" author="McCosker" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" refString="McCosker, J. E. (1985) Two new genera and two new species of deepwater western Atlantic worm eels (Pisces: Ophichthidae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, (Series 4), 44, 9 - 15." type="journal article" year="1985">McCosker 1985</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF1BDDD2A58F798B20" ID-CoL="39J7" authority="Fowler 1934" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[224,543,1273,1298]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Benthenchelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF1BDDD2A58CE48B20" box="[224,386,1273,1297]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Benthenchelys</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF96090EA7CFFEF1AB1D2A58F798B20" author="Fowler" box="[396,543,1273,1298]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1934) Descriptions of new fishes obtained 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 85, 233 - 367." type="journal article" year="1934">Fowler 1934</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF1912D2A58EF28B23" ID-CoL="5TXQ" authority="McCosker 1985" authorityName="McCosker" authorityYear="1985" box="[559,916,1273,1298]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Mixomyrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF1912D2A58FB68B20" box="[559,720,1273,1297]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Mixomyrophis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF96090EA7CFFEF19E7D2A58EF28B23" author="McCosker" box="[730,916,1273,1298]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" refString="McCosker, J. E. (1985) Two new genera and two new species of deepwater western Atlantic worm eels (Pisces: Ophichthidae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, (Series 4), 44, 9 - 15." type="journal article" year="1985">McCosker 1985</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF189FD2A589CC8B23" ID-CoL="5WQH" authority="Lutken 1852" authorityName="Lutken" authorityYear="1852" box="[930,1194,1273,1298]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Myrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF189FD2A5896B8B20" box="[930,1037,1273,1297]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Myrophis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF96090EA7CFFEF1F2BD2A589CC8B23" author="Lutken" box="[1046,1194,1273,1298]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" refString="Lutken, C. F. (1852) Nogle bemaerkinger om naeseborenes stilling hos de i gruppe med Ophisurus staaende slaegter af aalefamilien. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske Forening i Kjobenhavn, Aaret, 1851, 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="1852">Lütken 1852</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF1F84D2A58DB48B07" ID-CoL="5Y9H" authority="Bamber 1915" authorityName="Bamber" authorityYear="1915" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Neenchelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF1F84D2A5885E8B20" box="[1209,1336,1273,1297]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Neenchelys</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF96090EA7CFFEF1E7ED2A58DB48B07" author="Bamber" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" refString="Bamber, R. C. (1915) Reports on the marine biology of the Sudanese Red Sea, from collections made by Cyril Crossland, M. A., D. Sc., F. L. S. XXII. The Fishes. The Journal of the Linnean Society of London Zoology, 31, 477 - 485. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1915. tb 00694. x" type="journal article" year="1915">Bamber 1915</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF1BE3D3418F478B07" ID-CoL="72RF" authority="Wade 1946" authorityName="Wade" authorityYear="1946" box="[222,545,1309,1334]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Pseudomyrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF1BE3D3418CFE8B04" box="[222,408,1309,1333]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Pseudomyrophis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF96090EA7CFFEF1AA2D3418F478B07" author="Wade" box="[415,545,1309,1334]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" refString="Wade, C. B. (1946) Two new genera and five new species of apodal fishes from the eastern Pacific. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition 1932 - 40, Los Angeles, 9, 181 - 213." type="journal article" year="1946">Wade 1946</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF1910D34189668B07" ID-CoL="75WJ" authority="McCosker &amp; Chen 2012" authorityName="McCosker &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2012" box="[557,1024,1309,1334]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Pylorobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF1910D3418F868B04" box="[557,736,1309,1333]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Pylorobranchus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF96090EA7CFFEF19D4D34189668B07" author="McCosker" box="[745,1024,1309,1334]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" refString="McCosker, J. E., Loh, K. - H., Lin, J. &amp; Chen, H. - M. (2012 b) Pylorobranchus hoi, a new genus and species of myrophine wormeel from Taiwan (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae). Zoological Studies, 51, 1188 - 1194." type="journal article" year="2012">McCosker &amp; Chen 2012</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) of 14 genera of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF1FF8D34188288B07" box="[1221,1358,1309,1334]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myrophinae">Myrophinae</taxonomicName>
by the absence of its pectoral fin. The genus differs from other genera lacking pectoral-fins (
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF1F72D31D88FE8B68" ID-CoL="4NWF" authority="McCosker 1982" authorityName="McCosker" authorityYear="1982" box="[1103,1432,1345,1370]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Glenoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF1F72D31D89BD8B68" box="[1103,1243,1345,1369]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Glenoglossa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF96090EA7CFFEF1FDFD31D88FE8B68" author="McCosker" box="[1250,1432,1345,1370]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" refString="McCosker, J. E. (1982) A new genus and two new species of remarkable Pacific worm eels (Ophichthidae, subfamily Myrophinae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, (Series 4), 43, 59 - 66." type="journal article" year="1982">McCosker 1982</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF1BAAD3398CD08B4F" ID-CoL="7DXK" authority="Gosline 1951" authorityName="Gosline" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,438,1381,1406]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Schultzidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF1BAAD3398C728B4C" box="[151,276,1381,1405]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Schultzidia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF96090EA7CFFEF1A21D3398CD08B4F" author="Gosline" box="[284,438,1381,1406]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" refString="Gosline, W. A. (1951) The osteology and classification of the ophichthid eels of the Hawaiian Islands. Pacific Science, 5, 298 - 320." type="journal article" year="1951">Gosline 1951</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF1AFED3398E2E8B4F" ID-CoL="7DFZ" authority="McCosker 1970" authorityName="McCosker" authorityYear="1970" box="[451,840,1381,1406]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Schismorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF1AFED3398FE08B4C" box="[451,646,1381,1405]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Schismorhynchus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF96090EA7CFFEF19B2D3398E2E8B4F" author="McCosker" box="[655,840,1381,1406]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" refString="McCosker, J. E. (1970) A review of the eel genera Leptenchelys and Muraenichthys, with the descriptions of a new genus, Schismorhynchus, and a new species Muraenichthys chilensis. Pacifc Science, 24, 506 - 516." type="journal article" year="1970">McCosker 1970</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF18B8D33989A18B4F" ID-CoL="63SSH" authority="Ogilby 1897" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1897" box="[901,1223,1381,1406]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Scolecenchelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF18B8D33989488B4C" box="[901,1070,1381,1405]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Scolecenchelys</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF96090EA7CFFEF1F05D33989A18B4F" author="Ogilby" box="[1080,1223,1381,1406]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" refString="Ogilby, J. D. (1897) Some new genera and species of fishes. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 22, 245 - 251." type="journal article" year="1897">Ogilby 1897</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) in the position of the posterior nostril (outside of mouth in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF1942D3D58E7A8B90" box="[639,796,1417,1441]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Sympenchelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF1942D3D58E7A8B90" box="[639,796,1417,1441]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Sympenchelys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. within or along upper lip), the position of the eye (anterior to mid jaw vs. posterior to mid jaw except 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF19D9D3F18E168BF4" ID-CoL="4NWF" box="[740,880,1453,1477]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Glenoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF19D9D3F18E168BF4" box="[740,880,1453,1477]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Glenoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and the presence of vomerine teeth (present vs. absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF1A3FD38D8CE88BD8" ID-CoL="4NWF" box="[258,398,1489,1513]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Glenoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF1A3FD38D8CE88BD8" box="[258,398,1489,1513]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Glenoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF1AF9D38D8F268BD8" ID-CoL="7DXK" box="[452,576,1489,1513]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Schultzidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF1AF9D38D8F268BD8" box="[452,576,1489,1513]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Schultzidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD71D61EA7CFFEF1BFAD3A9891488D7" blockId="2.[151,1437,1021,1910]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
The genus resembles 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF1AF1D3A98E79883F" ID-CoL="5VRW" authority="Bleeker 1853" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1853" box="[460,799,1525,1550]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Muraenichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF1AF1D3A98F12883C" box="[460,628,1525,1549]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Muraenichthys</emphasis>
Bleeker 1853
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF185ED3A9882F883F" ID-CoL="644BW" authority="Castle &amp; McCosker 1999" authorityName="Castle &amp; McCosker" authorityYear="1999" box="[867,1353,1525,1550]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Skythrenchelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF185ED3A9896C883C" box="[867,1034,1525,1549]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Skythrenchelys</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF96090EA7CFFEF1F2AD3A9882F883F" author="Castle" box="[1047,1353,1525,1550]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" refString="Castle, P. H. J. &amp; McCosker, J. E. (1999) A new genus and two new species of myrophine worm-eels, with comments on Muraenichthys and Scolecenchelys (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae). Records of the Australian Museum, 51, 113 - 122. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.51.1999.1300" type="journal article" year="1999">
Castle &amp; McCosker 
<quantity id="4C90B084EA7CFFEF1E2CD3AA882F883F" box="[1297,1353,1526,1550]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.07746" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" unit="in" value="1999.0">1999</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in the position of the posterior nostril and the eye. However, the former can be distinguished from the latter two genera by having an unconstricted gill opening (vs. constricted in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF181CD0618EAF8864" ID-CoL="5VRW" box="[801,969,1597,1621]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Muraenichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF181CD0618EAF8864" box="[801,969,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Muraenichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), a minute flap just posterior to the gill opening (vs. absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF1AA4D03D8F268848" ID-CoL="644BW" box="[409,576,1633,1657]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Skythrenchelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF1AA4D03D8F268848" box="[409,576,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Skythrenchelys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), a slender cleithrum (vs. stout in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF18F4D03D89168848" ID-CoL="644BW" box="[969,1136,1633,1657]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Skythrenchelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF18F4D03D89168848" box="[969,1136,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Skythrenchelys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), three preopercular pores (vs. two in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF1A0BD0D98CBB88AC" ID-CoL="644BW" box="[310,477,1669,1693]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Skythrenchelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF1A0BD0D98CBB88AC" box="[310,477,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Skythrenchelys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), a slender and distinctly tapered maxilla (vs. stout and weakly tapered in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF1BAAD0F58C5888F0" ID-CoL="644BW" box="[151,318,1705,1729]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Skythrenchelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF1BAAD0F58C5888F0" box="[151,318,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Skythrenchelys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), an undeveloped supraoccipital crest (vs. developed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF18F2D0F5891188F0" ID-CoL="5VRW" box="[975,1143,1705,1729]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Muraenichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF18F2D0F5891188F0" box="[975,1143,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Muraenichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and large and recurved teeth on jaws and vomer (vs. blunt or pointed but small conical teeth in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF1887D091890488D4" ID-CoL="5VRW" box="[954,1122,1741,1765]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Muraenichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF1887D091890488D4" box="[954,1122,1741,1765]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Muraenichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD71D61EA7CFFEF1BFAD0AD8FD28947" blockId="2.[151,1437,1021,1910]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF1BFAD0AD8C028938" box="[199,356,1777,1801]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Sympenchelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CC173EA7CFFEF1BFAD0AD8C028938" box="[199,356,1777,1801]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Sympenchelys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has an extremely minute flap just after the gill opening (
<figureCitation id="135301E4EA7CFFEF18DED0AD89418938" box="[995,1063,1777,1802]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,244,848,869]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,191,827]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[340,1247,191,827]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Magnification around left gill opening of Sympenchelys taiwanensis sp. nov., ASIZP 60198, paratype, 279.0 mm TL. Arrow indicates an extremely short dermal flap." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245688/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Although its shape is similar to a small pectoral fin, it is not regarded as a pectoral fin because of the much reduced elements of the pectoral girdle, absence of fin-rays, the strange position of the flap compared with other 
<taxonomicName id="4C6866E2EA7CFFEF18DBD16589148963" box="[998,1138,1849,1874]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myrophinae">Myrophinae</taxonomicName>
, and a vertical membrane connected with the flap from both vertical sides.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>