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<mods:title id="B16962374C89B45F1E8BC67C76C92AF4">Haplosclerida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the coast of Maranhão State, Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="80536CDADC745461825EEDA03CA2C800">Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C144D2FBA14B01D9B0471600405675F" ID-CoL="73ZFB" authority="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" box="[264,857,598,624]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Niphates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="erecta">
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<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9B047160069F675F" bold="true" box="[264,451,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Niphates erecta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA14B01D9BC771600405675F" author="Duchassaing" box="[459,857,598,624]" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" refString="Duchassaing De Fonbressin, P. &amp; Michelotti, G. (1864) Spongiaires de la mer Caraibe. Natuurkundige verhandelingen van de Hollandsche maatschappij der wetenschappen te Haarlem, 21 (3), 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1864">Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="132F2A29BA14B01D9B04714F060867BC" box="[264,340,633,659]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[264,367,1163,1187]" captionTargetBox="[273,1302,321,1143]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[264,1323,312,1156]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Niphates erecta Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864. A, sample (scale: 3 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 200 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of oxeas (scale: 50 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171255/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
A–D, Tab. II
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<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9B0471FC06EC67CE" box="[264,432,714,737]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Niphates erecta</emphasis>
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: 93
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, pl. XXI,
<figureCitation id="132F2A29BA14B01D99BD71FF04AE67CF" box="[945,1010,713,736]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1672,1696]" captionTargetBox="[271,1298,876,1649]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,868,1655]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Haliclona (Halichoclona) lernerae sp. nov. A, sample (scale: 3 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 200 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of oxeas (scale: 50 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171253/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB510BDBA14B01D9E0C71FF025F67CF" author="Wiedenmayer" box="[1024,1283,713,736]" page="96" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1977">
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA14B01D9E0C71FF038667CF" author="Wiedenmayer" box="[1024,1242,713,736]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" refString="Wiedenmayer, F. (1977) Shallow-water sponges of the western Bahamas. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, 287 pp." type="book" year="1977">Wiedenmayer, 1977</bibRefCitation>
: 96
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, pl. XX,
<figureCitation id="132F2A29BA14B01D9B6071DF068E662F" box="[364,466,745,768]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 7" captionStart-1="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="11.[264,367,1718,1742]" captionStartId-1="13.[264,367,1806,1830]" captionTargetBox-0="[274,1306,433,1674]" captionTargetBox-1="[279,1305,820,1764]" captionTargetId-0="figure@11.[264,1323,428,1691]" captionTargetId-1="figure@13.[264,1323,809,1780]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionText-0="FIGURE 7. Oceanapia bartschi (De Laubenfels, 1934). A, sample (scale: 5 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 300 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, tangential view of smaller fistule (scale: 200 µm). E, tangential view of bigger fistule (scale: 200 µm). F, line drawings of strongyles (scale: 50 µm)." captionText-1="FIGURE 8. Neopetrosia proxima (Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864). A, sample (scale: 3 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 300 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of oxeas (scale: 50 µm)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/171257/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/171258/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 7–8</figureCitation>
, pl. XXI,
<figureCitation id="132F2A29BA14B01D983271DF05F8662F" box="[574,676,745,768]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="1.[264,367,1850,1874]" captionStartId-1="3.[264,367,1559,1583]" captionStartId-2="4.[264,367,1672,1696]" captionStartId-3="6.[264,367,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[279,1308,651,1527]" captionTargetBox-2="[271,1298,876,1649]" captionTargetBox-3="[274,1314,698,1626]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[275,1313,646,1535]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[264,1323,868,1655]" captionTargetId-3="figure@6.[264,1323,689,1648]" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Map showing the collecting area." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Callyspongia (Cladochalina) vaginalis (Lamarck, 1814). A, sample (scale: 5 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 200 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of oxeas (scale: 50 µm)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Haliclona (Halichoclona) lernerae sp. nov. A, sample (scale: 3 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 200 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of oxeas (scale: 50 µm)." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Amphimedon caribica (PulitzerFinali, 1986). A, sample (scale: 3 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 200 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of oxeas (scale: 50 µm)." httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/171252/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/171253/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/171254/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
, textfig. 119; Van
<treatmentCitation id="0AB510BDBA14B01D997E71DF0346662F" author="Soest" box="[882,1050,745,768]" page="35" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA14B01D997E71DF04AE662F" author="Soest" box="[882,1010,745,768]" pageId="7" pageNumber="21" refString="Soest, R. W. M. Van (1980) Marine sponges of Curacao and other caribbean localities. Part II. Haplosclerida. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 62 (191), 1 - 173." type="journal article" year="1980">Soest, 1980</bibRefCitation>
: 35
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, Fig. 12, pl. V,
<figureCitation id="132F2A29BA14B01D9ECC71DF027A662F" box="[1216,1318,745,768]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="3.[264,367,1559,1583]" captionStartId-1="4.[264,367,1672,1696]" captionStartId-2="6.[264,367,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox-0="[279,1308,651,1527]" captionTargetBox-1="[271,1298,876,1649]" captionTargetBox-2="[274,1314,698,1626]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[275,1313,646,1535]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[264,1323,868,1655]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[264,1323,689,1648]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Callyspongia (Cladochalina) vaginalis (Lamarck, 1814). A, sample (scale: 5 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 200 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of oxeas (scale: 50 µm)." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Haliclona (Halichoclona) lernerae sp. nov. A, sample (scale: 3 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 200 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of oxeas (scale: 50 µm)." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Amphimedon caribica (PulitzerFinali, 1986). A, sample (scale: 3 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 200 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of oxeas (scale: 50 µm)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/171252/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/171253/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/171254/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB510BDBA14B01D9B34703F0692660F" author="Zea" box="[312,462,777,800]" page="81" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA14B01D9B34703F06FA660F" author="Zea" box="[312,422,777,800]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Catalogo Cientifico, Bogota, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea, 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 81
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, Fig. 21, pl. VIII,
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; Lehnert &amp; Van
<treatmentCitation id="0AB510BDBA14B01D99A9703F0311660F" author="Soest" box="[933,1101,777,800]" page="92" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1998">
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: 92
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.
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Further synonymy: see
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, Van
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA14B01D992E701F04F6666F" author="Soest" box="[802,938,809,832]" pageId="7" pageNumber="21" refString="Soest, R. W. M. Van (1980) Marine sponges of Curacao and other caribbean localities. Part II. Haplosclerida. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 62 (191), 1 - 173." type="journal article" year="1980">Soest (1980)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA14B01D99D1701F030A666F" author="Zea" box="[989,1110,809,832]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Catalogo Cientifico, Bogota, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea (1987)</bibRefCitation>
.
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<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9B047047055D66A4" bold="true" box="[264,513,881,907]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Examined material</emphasis>
. MCNPOR 5313, 5317, 5323, 5356,
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<date id="FFAA106CBA14B01D9B0470AF06CB669C" box="[264,407,921,947]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2001-07-17">17.VII.2001</date>
(MCNPOR 5317: fragment deposited in ZMAPOR 17907); MCNPOR 4971, 5004,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE20506BBA14B01D983E70F7059766F4" box="[562,715,961,987]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="15" value="-43.34861">43°20’55”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFAA106CBA14B01D98DA70F7040366F4" box="[726,863,961,987]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1999-06-14">14.VI.1999</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA14B01D9B3470DF0608617C" blockId="7.[264,1324,881,1827]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9B3470DF0593612C" bold="true" box="[312,719,1001,1027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Material studied for comparison</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C144D2FBA14B01D98EC70DF027B612C" authority="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" box="[736,1319,1001,1027]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Niphates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="erecta">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D98EC70DF04C5612D" box="[736,921,1001,1026]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Niphates erecta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA14B01D99AD70DF027B612C" author="Duchassaing" box="[929,1319,1001,1027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" refString="Duchassaing De Fonbressin, P. &amp; Michelotti, G. (1864) Spongiaires de la mer Caraibe. Natuurkundige verhandelingen van de Hollandsche maatschappij der wetenschappen te Haarlem, 21 (3), 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1864">Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
:
<typeStatus id="54AF880EBA14B01D9B04772706216104" box="[264,381,1041,1067]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
ZMAPOR 1633; ZMAPOR 3621
<collectingCountry id="F303763CBA14B01D9921772704D36104" box="[813,911,1041,1067]" name="Curaçao" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
(material deposited in MCNPOR 2585).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E6527BA14B01D9B34775703E66384" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA14B01D9B34775705DE61DC" blockId="7.[264,1324,881,1827]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9B34775706936154" bold="true" box="[312,463,1121,1147]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description.</emphasis>
Fragment of a solid branch from a ramose sponge (
<figureCitation id="132F2A29BA14B01D9E2B775703306154" box="[1063,1132,1121,1147]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[264,367,1163,1187]" captionTargetBox="[273,1302,321,1143]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[264,1323,312,1156]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Niphates erecta Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864. A, sample (scale: 3 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 200 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of oxeas (scale: 50 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171255/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A):
<quantity id="4CEC9B49BA14B01D9E95775703B46154" box="[1177,1256,1121,1147]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="cm" value="9.5">9.5 cm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CEC9B49BA14B01D9B0477BF061F618C" box="[264,323,1161,1187]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
in diameter (MCNPOR 5317). Smooth surface, rough to the touch, oscules circular,
<quantity id="4CEC9B49BA14B01D9B047787063061E4" box="[264,364,1201,1227]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
in diameter, scattered on the surface. Preserved material compressible but firm consistency, colour lightbrown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA14B01D9B347637069E60CC" blockId="7.[264,1324,881,1827]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9B34763706FF6034" bold="true" box="[312,419,1281,1307]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Skeleton</emphasis>
. Similar to descriptions of Van
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA14B01D993B7637048C6034" author="Soest" box="[823,976,1281,1307]" pageId="7" pageNumber="21" refString="Soest, R. W. M. Van (1980) Marine sponges of Curacao and other caribbean localities. Part II. Haplosclerida. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 62 (191), 1 - 173." type="journal article" year="1980">Soest (1980)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA14B01D9E18763703C36034" author="Zea" box="[1044,1183,1281,1307]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Catalogo Cientifico, Bogota, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea (1987)</bibRefCitation>
. Ectosome: Rounded to polygonal reticulation (
<figureCitation id="132F2A29BA14B01D98A2761F05A8606C" box="[686,756,1321,1347]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[264,367,1163,1187]" captionTargetBox="[273,1302,321,1143]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[264,1323,312,1156]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Niphates erecta Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864. A, sample (scale: 3 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 200 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of oxeas (scale: 50 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171255/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B), 130–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9957761F04DB606D" box="[859,903,1321,1346]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">228</emphasis>
–510 µm in diameter; multispicular fibres 30–97.2–210 µm in diameter. Choanosome: A relatively dense reticulation forming rounded or angular meshes (
<figureCitation id="132F2A29BA14B01D9854764F05C260BC" box="[600,670,1401,1427]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[264,367,1163,1187]" captionTargetBox="[273,1302,321,1143]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[264,1323,312,1156]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Niphates erecta Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864. A, sample (scale: 3 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 200 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of oxeas (scale: 50 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171255/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
C), 80–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D98FA764F047E60BD" box="[758,802,1401,1426]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">282</emphasis>
–510 µm in diameter. Multispicular primary fibres, 70–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9B8A769706EE6095" box="[390,434,1441,1466]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">102</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9BB6769706946095" box="[442,456,1441,1466]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">8</emphasis>
–160 µm in diameter; uni to paucispicular secondary fibres, 20–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9EC7769703B46095" box="[1227,1256,1441,1466]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">38</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9EFC769703A36095" box="[1264,1279,1441,1466]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">8</emphasis>
–60 µm in diameter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA14B01D9B3476C703E66384" blockId="7.[264,1324,881,1827]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9B3476C706C26324" bold="true" box="[312,414,1521,1547]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spicules</emphasis>
. Oxeas (
<figureCitation id="132F2A29BA14B01D980B76C705116324" box="[519,589,1521,1547]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[264,367,1163,1187]" captionTargetBox="[273,1302,321,1143]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[264,1323,312,1156]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Niphates erecta Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864. A, sample (scale: 3 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 200 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of oxeas (scale: 50 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171255/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D): slightly curved, extremities stepped, some acerate or conical. Measurements: 147.5–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9841752F0525631D" box="[589,633,1561,1586]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">175</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D988D752F05CC631D" box="[641,656,1561,1586]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">7</emphasis>
–187.5 / 2.5–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9938752F041E631D" box="[820,834,1561,1586]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9945752F0404631D" box="[841,856,1561,1586]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1</emphasis>
–5 µm (MCNPOR 5313); 150–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9ED6752F025A631D" box="[1242,1286,1561,1586]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">186</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9F01752F0240631D" box="[1293,1308,1561,1586]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4</emphasis>
– 212.5 / 2.5–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9B90757706F76375" box="[412,427,1601,1626]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">5</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9BBE7577069D6375" box="[434,449,1601,1626]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2</emphasis>
–7.5 µm (MCNPOR 5317); 130–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D995A757704DE6375" box="[854,898,1601,1626]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">187</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9985757704CB6375" box="[905,919,1601,1626]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4</emphasis>
–225 / 2.5–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9E287577036F6375" box="[1060,1075,1601,1626]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4</emphasis>
.3–5 µm (MCNPOR 5323); 107–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9B95755F069963AD" box="[409,453,1641,1666]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">178</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9BC0755F068663AD" box="[460,474,1641,1666]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">5</emphasis>
–235 / 3.8–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9868755F052F63AD" box="[612,627,1641,1666]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4</emphasis>
.9–5 µm (MCNPOR 5356); 152.5–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9E1A755F031E63AD" box="[1046,1090,1641,1666]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">192</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9E45755F030463AD" box="[1097,1112,1641,1666]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">8</emphasis>
–227.5 / 2.5–
<date id="FFAA106CBA14B01D9EFB755F024063AD" box="[1271,1308,1641,1667]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1910-08-05">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9EFB755F025A63AD" box="[1271,1286,1641,1666]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">5</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9F01755F024063AD" box="[1293,1308,1641,1666]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">8</emphasis>
</date>
– 10 µm (MCNPOR 4971); 163.3–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D988175A705E56385" box="[653,697,1681,1706]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">198</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D98CC75A705926385" box="[704,718,1681,1706]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">7</emphasis>
–223.1 / 3.5–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D996675A704246385" box="[874,888,1681,1706]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">6</emphasis>
–8.1 µm (MCNPOR 5004).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E6527BA14B01D9B34758F0489620C" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA14B01D9B34758F0489620C" blockId="7.[264,1324,881,1827]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9B34758F06F663FC" bold="true" box="[312,426,1721,1747]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks</emphasis>
. In the studied samples the sigmata are absent. The rarity or absence of the microscleres is a peculiar feature of this species (cf. Van
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA14B01D99A275D7036163D4" author="Soest" box="[942,1085,1761,1787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="21" refString="Soest, R. W. M. Van (1980) Marine sponges of Curacao and other caribbean localities. Part II. Haplosclerida. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 62 (191), 1 - 173." type="journal article" year="1980">Soest, 1980</bibRefCitation>
). According Zea (
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA14B01D9F1875D70674620D" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">in litt</emphasis>
.), the tracts are not as dense as in the Colombian samples.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6B6624BA1BB0129B0477BD05FD61C7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171255/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[273,1302,321,1143]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA1BB0129B0477BD05FD61C7" blockId="8.[264,1323,1163,1256]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1BB0129B0477BD06D8618C" bold="true" box="[264,388,1163,1187]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C144D2FBA1BB0129B9F77BA04F8618C" authority="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" box="[403,932,1164,1187]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Niphates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="erecta">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1BB0129B9F77BA0567618C" box="[403,571,1164,1187]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Niphates erecta</emphasis>
Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864
</taxonomicName>
. A, sample (scale: 3 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 200 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of oxeas (scale: 50 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30E6527BA1BB0129B34762D03DF6071" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA1BB0129B34762D03DF6071" blockId="8.[264,1324,1307,1374]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1BB0129B34762D068D601A" bold="true" box="[312,465,1307,1333]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Distribution</emphasis>
. West Atlantic:
<collectingCountry id="F303763CBA1BB01298AF762A04526019" box="[675,782,1308,1334]" name="Bermuda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F303763CBA1BB012994E762A04E66019" box="[834,954,1308,1334]" name="Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA1BB01299DC762A030E6019" author="Zea" box="[976,1106,1308,1334]" pageId="8" pageNumber="22" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Catalogo Cientifico, Bogota, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea, 1987</bibRefCitation>
). Brazilian coast: Maranhão State (present study); Recife, Pernambuco State (
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA1BB01299C07672032A6071" author="Hechtel" box="[972,1142,1348,1374]" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" refString="Hechtel, G. J. (1976) Zoogeography of Brazilian marine Demospongiae. In: Harrison, F. W. &amp; Cowden, R. R. (Eds). Aspects of Sponge Biology. Academic Press, New York, pp. 237 - 259." type="book chapter" year="1976">Hechtel, 1976</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>