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<mods:title id="12C06AD3CAB4A5DC5EB6D59D1BF91F03">Cast netting new species: Integrative taxonomy of Distichodus notospilus (Characiformes: Distichodontidae) discovers new species and overlooked areas of endemism in Central Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9F23679D5B688FF1B715EA5D9287FFC9">Schmidt, Ray C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E862D504962122717829350E2622B51C">Biology Department, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA 23005, USA; &amp; Smithsonian Research Associate, National Museum of Natural History, Division of Fishes, Washington, DC 20560, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F38E8FBB4FE51FBDA" authority="Schmidt &amp; Knobloch &amp; Barrientos, 2021" authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Knobloch &amp; Barrientos" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,398,1094,1121]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F38E8FBB4FE51FBDA" bold="true" box="[151,398,1094,1121]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">Distichodus microps</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BAB369EFFAFE64F38E8FB7CFE32FB12" blockId="10.[151,941,1094,1193]" box="[151,493,1166,1193]" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">
<figureCitation id="132F2A1BFFAFE64F38E8FB7CFEDDFB12" box="[151,258,1166,1192]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,211,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[151,1436,211,1649]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Phylogeny of Distichodus spp. inferred from 996 bp of cytochrome b (A). Phylogeny inferred from concatenated dataset of 996 bp CYTB, 729 bp MYH6, and 627 bp of CO1(B). Posterior probabilities from Bayesian inference above major branches; above 0.95 not shown and branches with support values &lt;70 were collapsed. Metadata and accession numbers for specimens included in the analyses shown in table 1 and average uncorrected p-distances among these different taxa shown in table 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4674082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4674082/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">Figures 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="132F2A1BFFAFE64F3971FB7CFEC2FB12" box="[270,285,1166,1192]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[395,1191,181,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[395,1191,181,1859]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of Distichodus spp. inferred from 627 bp of CO1. Posterior probabilities from Bayesian inference above major branches; above 0.95 not shown and branches with support values &lt;70 were collapsed. Metadata and accession numbers for specimens included in the analyses shown in table 1 and average uncorrected p-distances among these different taxa shown in table 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4674084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4674084/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="132F2A1BFFAFE64F3955FB7CFEE5FB12" box="[298,314,1166,1192]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,844,868]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,821]" captionTargetId="figure-52@10.[151,1436,237,821]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Plot of PC2 and PC3 from principal component analysis of 24 log-transformed measurements from 51 specimens (A). Reduced-major axis regression of eye diameter as a percentage of snout length on log-transformed standard length (B). Trendlines are shown for each species; slopes for each species are not different (p-value = 0.7613), and the elevation among species are significantly different (p-value = 0.0002) with Distichodus microps being significantly different (p-value &lt;0.01) from D. mbiniensis and topotypic D. notospilus. The holotype of Distichodus microps and D. mbiniensis are denoted by a filled triangle and star respectively. Component loadings and results of Mann-Whitney U tests shown in table 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4674086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4674086/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="132F2A1BFFAFE64F3939FB7CFE89FB13" box="[326,342,1166,1193]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,943,967]" captionTargetBox="[175,1421,400,902]" captionTargetId="figure-120@13.[151,1436,381,920]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Distichodus microps, a new species, holotype, USNM 451325, ALC, 98.0 mm SL, Equatorial Guinea, Litoral, Rio Mbia at Menzong, 32 m elev, 2.07529° N, 9.92378° E; Photograph by S. Raredon." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4674088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4674088/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="132F2A1BFFAFE64F391DFB7CFEAEFB12" box="[354,369,1166,1192]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[166,1436,1106,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-195@16.[151,1436,1091,1572]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Lateral views of head region in Distichodus microps sp. nov. (A), Distichodus mbiniensis sp. nov. (B), and topotypic Distichodus notospilus (C). Same specimens and locality information as previous figures. Photographs by S. Raredon." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4674094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4674094/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">8</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="132F2A1BFFAFE64F3901FB7CFE51FB12" box="[382,398,1166,1192]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,850,874]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,273,827]" captionTargetId="figure-62@17.[151,1437,273,827]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Live coloration of Distichodus microps, USNM 451457, ALC 81.6 mm SL, voucher EqGui2017_0274, Equatorial Guinea, Litoral, Rio Mbia at Menzong, 32 m elev, 2.07529° N, 9.92378° E photograph by R.C. Schmidt (A); Distichodus mbiniensis, USNM 451319, ALC 61.3 mm SL, voucher EqGui2017_0130, Equatorial Guinea, Wele-Nzas, Rio Ntoro at Aconibe—Acurenam Rd., 668 m, 1.29091° N, 10.9174° E, photograph by R. C. Schmidt (B); Topotypic Distichodus notospilus, OS 19544, ALC, 104.1 mm SL, Gabon, Province de l’Ogooué-Lolo, Right bank of Ogooué River at Doumé village, 0.84245° S, 12.96249° E, Photograph by B. Sidlauskas, included with permission (C); Holotype of Distichodus mbiniensis, USNM 451317, ALC, 99.9 mm SL, voucher EqGui2017_0127, Equatorial Guinea, Wele-Nzas, Rio Ntoro at Aconibe—Acurenam Rd., 668 m elev, 1.29091° N, 10.9174° E; Photograph by R. C. Schmidt (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4674096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4674096/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">9</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C6960325FFAFE64F39E5FB7CFE32FB12" box="[410,493,1166,1192]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,239,512,536]" captionText="TABLE 4. Morphometric measurements and meristics of Distichodus microps sp. nov. (n=12; holotype and 11 paratypes). Standard length expressed in mm. All other measurements expressed in percent SL unless noted. Meristic data from holotype are identified by an “*”." pageId="10" pageNumber="301">Table 4</tableCitation>
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, ALC, 98.0 mm SL, 
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, 2017 
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expedition team, 
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<typeStatus id="54AF883CFFAFE64F38B8FAECFE9EFA82" box="[199,321,1310,1336]" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
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<specimenCode id="DBB29EE5FFAFE64F3931FAECFDCAFA83" box="[334,533,1310,1337]" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" type="Museum">MRAC 2020,005</specimenCode>
,P,0004, 1 ALC, 
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SL, voucher EqGui2017_0282, collection information the same as the 
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.— 
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<specimenCode id="DBB29EE5FFAFE64F39BCFAB0FD58FAE7" box="[451,647,1346,1373]" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" type="Museum">MRAC 2020,005</specimenCode>
,P,0005-0008, 4 ALC, 
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SL, collection information the same as the 
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.— 
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<specimenCode id="DBB29EE5FFAFE64F3920FA94FDD3FA3B" box="[351,524,1382,1409]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" type="Museum">USNM 451457</specimenCode>
, ALC, 
<quantity id="4CEC9B7BFFAFE64F3A25FA94FD63FA3B" box="[602,700,1382,1409]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.16" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" unit="mm" value="81.6">81.6 mm</quantity>
SL, voucher EqGui2017_0274, collection information the same as the 
<typeStatus id="54AF883CFFAFE64F38C0FA78FEFFFA1E" box="[191,288,1418,1444]" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
.— 
<materialsCitation id="3B7C3CC3FFAFE64F393FFA78FAE5FA1E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3073877312" box="[320,1338,1418,1445]" collectionCode="USNM" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" specimenCode="USNM 451458, 5" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCode id="DBB29EE5FFAFE64F393FFA78FE32FA1F" box="[320,493,1418,1445]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" type="Museum">USNM 451458</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBB29EE5FFAFE64F3987FA78FDD9FA1F" box="[504,518,1418,1445]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" type="Museum">5</specimenCode>
ALC, 
<quantity id="4CEC9B7BFFAFE64F3A30FA78FD24FA1F" box="[591,763,1418,1445]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" metricValueMax="11.05" metricValueMin="5.55" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" unit="mm" value="83.0" valueMax="110.5" valueMin="55.5">55.5–110.5 mm</quantity>
SL, collection information the same as the 
<typeStatus id="54AF883CFFAFE64F3CA9FA78FAE5FA1E" box="[1238,1338,1418,1444]" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E6515FFAFE64E38B8FA5CFAF7FE6B" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="302" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAB369EFFAFE64E38B8FA5CFAF7FE6B" blockId="10.[151,1437,1238,2021]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,465]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="302" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F38B8FA5CFE9DFA72" bold="true" box="[199,322,1454,1480]" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F3937FA5CFDF2FA72" authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Knobloch &amp; Barrientos" authorityYear="2021" box="[328,557,1454,1480]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F3937FA5CFDF2FA72" box="[328,557,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">Distichodus microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is readily distinguished from the larger-bodied, higher-scale count 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F3D69FA5CFA43FA72" authorityName="J.P.Muller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1844" box="[1302,1436,1454,1480]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F3D69FA5CFA43FA72" box="[1302,1436,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">Distichodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. (group B in 
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B6FFFAFE64F392BFA20FD9EFA56" author="Arroyave, J. &amp; Denton, J. S. &amp; Stiassny, M. L." box="[340,577,1490,1516]" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref12268" refString="Arroyave, J., Denton, J. S. &amp; Stiassny, M. L. (2020) Pattern and timing of diversification in the African freshwater fish genus Distichodus (Characiformes: Distichodontidae). BMC Evolutionary Biology, 20, 1 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 020 - 01615 - 6" type="journal article" year="2020">
Arroyave 
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F39BAFA21FE21FA56" box="[453,510,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F3A33FA21FCE7FA56" authority="Schilthuis" authorityName="Schilthuis" authorityYear="1891" box="[588,824,1490,1516]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antonii">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F3A33FA21FD62FA56" box="[588,701,1491,1516]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">D. antonii</emphasis>
Schilthuis
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F3B3CFA21FBACFA56" authority="Boulenger" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1898" box="[835,1139,1490,1516]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atroventralis">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F3B3CFA21FC29FA56" box="[835,1014,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">D. atroventralis</emphasis>
Boulenger
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F3C00FA21FA47FA56" authority="Boulenger" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1898" box="[1151,1432,1490,1516]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciolatus">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F3C00FA21FAC5FA56" box="[1151,1306,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">D. fasciolatus</emphasis>
Boulenger
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F38E8FA05FE5AF9AA" authority="Schilthuis" authorityName="Schilthuis" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,389,1526,1552]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lusosso">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F38E8FA05FED4F9AA" box="[151,267,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">D. lusosso</emphasis>
Schilthuis
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F39F0FA05FD4CF9AB" authority="Peters" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" box="[399,659,1526,1553]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mossambicus">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F39F0FA05FD9AF9AA" box="[399,581,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">D. mossambicus</emphasis>
Peters
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F3AE1FA05FC1CF9AA" authority="Boulenger" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1897" box="[670,963,1526,1552]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sexfasciatus">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F3AE1FA05FC99F9AA" box="[670,838,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">D. sexfasciatus</emphasis>
Boulenger
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F3BB1FA05FAD3F9AA" authority="Nichols &amp; Griscom" authorityName="Nichols &amp; Griscom" authorityYear="1917" box="[974,1292,1526,1552]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="langi">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F3BB1FA05FBF6F9AA" box="[974,1065,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">D. langi</emphasis>
Nichols &amp; Griscom
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F3D68FA05FF2AF98E" authority="Gunther" authorityName="Gunther" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rostratus">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F3D68FA05FA43F9AA" box="[1303,1436,1527,1552]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">D. rostratus</emphasis>
Günther
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F397EF9E9FDFBF98E" authority="Gunther" authorityName="Gunther" box="[257,548,1562,1588]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="engycephalus">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F397EF9E9FE62F98E" box="[257,445,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">D. engycephalus</emphasis>
Günther
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F3A4FF9E9FBC5F98E" authority="Vreven, Moelants, &amp; Snoeks" authorityName="Vreven, Moelants, &amp; Snoeks" box="[560,1050,1562,1589]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kasaiensis">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F3A4FF9E9FD18F98E" box="[560,711,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">D. kasaiensis</emphasis>
Vreven, Moelants, &amp; Snoeks
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F3C58F9E9FAAAF98E" authority="Moelants &amp; Snoeks" authorityName="Moelants &amp; Snoeks" box="[1063,1397,1562,1588]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingae">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F3C58F9E9FB56F98E" box="[1063,1161,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">D. ingae</emphasis>
Moelants &amp; Snoeks
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F3DFEF9E9FD8EF9E3" authority="Abwe, Snoeks, Manda, &amp; Vreven" authorityName="Abwe, Snoeks, Manda, &amp; Vreven" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polli">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F3DFEF9E9FF15F9E2" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">D. polli</emphasis>
Abwe, Snoeks, Manda, &amp; Vreven
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F3A23F9CDFCF6F9E2" authority="Pfeffer" authorityName="Pfeffer" authorityYear="1896" box="[604,809,1598,1624]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersii">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F3A23F9CDFD0CF9E2" box="[604,723,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">D. petersii</emphasis>
Pfeffer
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F3B4AF9CDFBEBF9E3" authority="Bonnaterre" authorityName="Bonnaterre" box="[821,1076,1598,1625]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nefasch">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F3B4AF9CDFC71F9E2" box="[821,942,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">D. nefasch</emphasis>
Bonnaterre
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F3C3FF9CDFA99F9E2" authority="Gunther" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[1088,1350,1598,1624]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevipinnis">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F3C3FF9CDFB3FF9E2" box="[1088,1248,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">D. brevipinnis</emphasis>
Günther
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F3DFEF9CDFEE0F9C7" authority="Peters" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schenga">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F3DFEF9CDFF2CF9C6" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">D. schenga</emphasis>
Peters
</taxonomicName>
) in having fewer lateral line scales (40–41 versus&gt;60) and in achieving a smaller maximum standard length (&lt;
<quantity id="4CEC9B7BFFAFE64F3881F974FE9CF91B" box="[254,323,1670,1697]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
versus&gt; 
<quantity id="4CEC9B7BFFAFE64F39D6F974FE2BF91B" box="[425,500,1670,1697]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
). This new species is also distinguished from the smaller-bodied, lower-scale count 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F38E8F958FEC2F97E" authorityName="J.P.Muller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,285,1706,1732]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F38E8F958FEC2F97E" box="[151,285,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">Distichodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. (group A in 
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B6FFFAFE64F39A7F958FD61F97E" author="Arroyave, J. &amp; Denton, J. S. &amp; Stiassny, M. L." box="[472,702,1706,1732]" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref12268" refString="Arroyave, J., Denton, J. S. &amp; Stiassny, M. L. (2020) Pattern and timing of diversification in the African freshwater fish genus Distichodus (Characiformes: Distichodontidae). BMC Evolutionary Biology, 20, 1 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 020 - 01615 - 6" type="journal article" year="2020">
Arroyave 
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F3A38F959FDA1F97E" box="[583,638,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
) in the following ways. 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F3BB7F958FB73F97E" authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Knobloch &amp; Barrientos" authorityYear="2021" box="[968,1196,1706,1732]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F3BB7F958FB73F97E" box="[968,1196,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">Distichodus microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F38E8F93DFE38F952" authority="Pellegrin" authorityName="Pellegrin" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,487,1742,1768]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decemmaculatus">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F38E8F93DFEA9F952" box="[151,374,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">D. decemmaculatus</emphasis>
Pellegrin
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F3A5AF93DFC63F953" authority="Mamonekene &amp; Vreven" authorityName="Mamonekene &amp; Vreven" authorityYear="2008" box="[549,956,1742,1769]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teugelsi">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F3A5AF93DFD7FF952" box="[549,672,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">D. teugelsi</emphasis>
Mamonekene &amp; Vreven
</taxonomicName>
, in having two rows of teeth on the lower jaw versus one. 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F3933F900FDEDF8B6" authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Knobloch &amp; Barrientos" authorityYear="2021" box="[332,562,1778,1804]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F3933F900FDEDF8B6" box="[332,562,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">Distichodus microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be readily distinguished from D. 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F3BA4F900FB7FF8B6" authority="Boulenger" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1899" box="[987,1184,1778,1804]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noboli">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F3BA4F900FBFCF8B6" box="[987,1059,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">noboli</emphasis>
Boulenger
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F3CD4F901FF04F88A" authority="Pellegrin" authorityName="Pellegrin" authorityYear="1900" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypostomatus">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F3CD4F901FAB7F8B6" box="[1195,1384,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">D. hypostomatus</emphasis>
Pellegrin
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F396BF8E5FE76F88A" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1898" box="[276,425,1814,1840]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F396BF8E5FE76F88A" box="[276,425,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">D. maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having fewer scales along the lateral line (40–41 versus 45, 53–60, and 75 respectively), and distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F39DBF8C9FD7AF8EF" authority="Norman" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1922" box="[420,677,1850,1877]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufigiensis">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F39DBF8C9FDE1F8EE" box="[420,574,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">D. rufigiensis</emphasis>
Norman
</taxonomicName>
, in not having prominent vertical bars along the sides. 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F3D69F8C8FF2FF8C2" authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Knobloch &amp; Barrientos" authorityYear="2021" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F3D69F8C8FF2FF8C2" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">Distichodus microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F3990F8ADFD84F8C2" authorityName="Holly" authorityYear="1926" box="[495,603,1886,1912]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kolleri">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F3990F8ADFD84F8C2" box="[495,603,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">D. kolleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F3AECF8ADFCB4F8C2" authority="Boulenger" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1899" box="[659,875,1886,1912]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altus">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F3AECF8ADFD32F8C2" box="[659,749,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">D. altus</emphasis>
Boulenger
</taxonomicName>
, in having fewer dorsal-fin rays (15–17 total rays versus 21–26 and 17–18 respectively), and further distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F3BC2F871FBC7F826" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1899" box="[957,1048,1922,1948]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altus">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F3BC2F871FBC7F826" box="[957,1048,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">D. altus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F3C2CF871FAFBF826" authority="Gunther" authorityName="Gunther" box="[1107,1316,1922,1948]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F3C2CF871FB62F826" box="[1107,1213,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">D. affinis</emphasis>
Günther
</taxonomicName>
, in having fewer total anal-fin rays (12–13 versus 21–22). 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F3ACEF854FC47F87A" authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Knobloch &amp; Barrientos" authorityYear="2021" box="[689,920,1958,1984]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F3ACEF854FC47F87A" box="[689,920,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">Distichodus microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAFE64F3CEAF855FAF4F87A" box="[1173,1323,1958,1985]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notospilus">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F3CEAF855FB76F87A" box="[1173,1193,1959,1984]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">D</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAFE64F3CC7F854FAF4F87A" box="[1208,1323,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="301">notospilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having more scales along the lateral line (41, rarely 40 versus 37–39, rarely 40; 
<tableCitation id="C6960325FFAFE64F3B9EF838FB9EF85E" box="[993,1089,1994,2020]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,239,512,536]" captionText="TABLE 4. Morphometric measurements and meristics of Distichodus microps sp. nov. (n=12; holotype and 11 paratypes). Standard length expressed in mm. All other measurements expressed in percent SL unless noted. Meristic data from holotype are identified by an “*”." pageId="10" pageNumber="301">Tables 4</tableCitation>
&amp; 
<tableCitation id="C6960325FFAFE64F3C15F838FBA6F85F" box="[1130,1145,1994,2021]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 5. Morphometric measurements and meristics of topotypic Distichodus notospilus (n=26). Standard length expressed in mm. All other measurements expressed in percent SL unless noted." pageId="10" pageNumber="301">5</tableCitation>
), a nearly inferior mouth versus subterminal in 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAEE64E39F3FF65FDFEFF0B" box="[396,545,151,177]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notospilus">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAEE64E39F3FF65FDFEFF0B" box="[396,545,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">D. notospilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a curved posterolateral margin of the opercle versus straight in 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAEE64E3C92FF65FA5DFF0B" box="[1261,1410,151,177]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notospilus">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAEE64E3C92FF65FA5DFF0B" box="[1261,1410,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">D. notospilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a smaller eye (56.7–80.4 versus 70.1–104.3 % of snout length; 
<figureCitation id="132F2A1BFFAEE64E3B3EFF49FC51FF6F" box="[833,910,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,943,967]" captionTargetBox="[175,1421,400,902]" captionTargetId="figure-120@13.[151,1436,381,920]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Distichodus microps, a new species, holotype, USNM 451325, ALC, 98.0 mm SL, Equatorial Guinea, Litoral, Rio Mbia at Menzong, 32 m elev, 2.07529° N, 9.92378° E; Photograph by S. Raredon." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4674088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4674088/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="132F2A1BFFAEE64E3BE6FF49FC76FF6F" box="[921,937,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1536,1560]" captionTargetBox="[173,1409,1044,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-157@13.[155,1432,1028,1513]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Topotypic Distichodus notospilus, OS 21266, Gabon, Province de la Ngounié, SINDARA C—Below the rapids of Sindara on the left bank, in a small inundation zone with a sandy bottom that is exposed in the dry season, 1.03492° S, 10.69116° E; Photograph by S. Raredon." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4674090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4674090/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">6</figureCitation>
, &amp; 8), and a less prominent elongated spot at the base of the caudal fin. 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAEE64E39C7FF2DFD43FF42" authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Knobloch &amp; Barrientos" authorityYear="2021" box="[440,668,223,249]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAEE64E39C7FF2DFD43FF42" box="[440,668,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Distichodus microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAEE64E3BECFF2DFBF3FF43" authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Knobloch &amp; Barrientos" authorityYear="2021" box="[915,1068,223,249]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mbiniensis">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAEE64E3BECFF2DFBF3FF43" box="[915,1068,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">D. mbiniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a shallower body (usually six scales from LL to the pelvic fin versus seven; 34.1–38.7 versus 33.6–42.4% SL), fewer anal-fin rays (usually 12 total rays versus 13 or 14), a longer anal fin (15.0–17.8 versus 13.4–17.3% SL), a more inferior mouth versus the subterminal mouth in 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAEE64E39C7FEB9FD8CFEDF" authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Knobloch &amp; Barrientos" authorityYear="2021" box="[440,595,331,357]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mbiniensis">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAEE64E39C7FEB9FD8CFEDF" box="[440,595,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">D. mbiniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a deeper (12.4–14.2 versus 11.8–13.0% SL) and a longer caudal peduncle (11.9–14.8 versus 9.7–12.6% SL), a smaller eye (56.7–80.4 versus 58.6–88.0% of snout length; 
<figureCitation id="132F2A1BFFAEE64E3CA3FE9DFAE1FE33" box="[1244,1342,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,844,868]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,821]" captionTargetId="figure-52@10.[151,1436,237,821]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Plot of PC2 and PC3 from principal component analysis of 24 log-transformed measurements from 51 specimens (A). Reduced-major axis regression of eye diameter as a percentage of snout length on log-transformed standard length (B). Trendlines are shown for each species; slopes for each species are not different (p-value = 0.7613), and the elevation among species are significantly different (p-value = 0.0002) with Distichodus microps being significantly different (p-value &lt;0.01) from D. mbiniensis and topotypic D. notospilus. The holotype of Distichodus microps and D. mbiniensis are denoted by a filled triangle and star respectively. Component loadings and results of Mann-Whitney U tests shown in table 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4674086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4674086/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Figs. 4B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="132F2A1BFFAEE64E3D33FE9CFA83FE33" box="[1356,1372,366,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,943,967]" captionTargetBox="[175,1421,400,902]" captionTargetId="figure-120@13.[151,1436,381,920]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Distichodus microps, a new species, holotype, USNM 451325, ALC, 98.0 mm SL, Equatorial Guinea, Litoral, Rio Mbia at Menzong, 32 m elev, 2.07529° N, 9.92378° E; Photograph by S. Raredon." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4674088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4674088/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="132F2A1BFFAEE64E3D16FE9DFAA6FE33" box="[1385,1401,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,970,994]" captionTargetBox="[171,1414,441,919]" captionTargetId="figure-155@16.[151,1437,417,947]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Distichodus mbiniensis, a new species, holotype, USNM 451317, ALC, 99.9 mm SL, voucher EqGui2017_0127, Equatorial Guinea, Wele-Nzas, Rio Ntoro at Aconibe—Acurenam Rd., 668 m elev, 1.29091° N, 10.9174° E; Photograph by S. Raredon." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4674092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4674092/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">7</figureCitation>
, &amp; 8), a more narrow and elongate subopercle (
<figureCitation id="132F2A1BFFAEE64E3A00FE61FD1DFE17" box="[639,706,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[166,1436,1106,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-195@16.[151,1436,1091,1572]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Lateral views of head region in Distichodus microps sp. nov. (A), Distichodus mbiniensis sp. nov. (B), and topotypic Distichodus notospilus (C). Same specimens and locality information as previous figures. Photographs by S. Raredon." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4674094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4674094/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
), and a deeper infraorbital 1 with a more rectangular anterolateral margin versus a more shallow infraorbital 1 with a curved anterolateral margin in 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAEE64E3C53FE45FB18FE6B" authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Knobloch &amp; Barrientos" authorityYear="2021" box="[1068,1223,439,465]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mbiniensis">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAEE64E3C53FE45FB18FE6B" box="[1068,1223,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">D. mbiniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132F2A1BFFAEE64E3CA9FE45FAC5FE6B" box="[1238,1306,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[166,1436,1106,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-195@16.[151,1436,1091,1572]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Lateral views of head region in Distichodus microps sp. nov. (A), Distichodus mbiniensis sp. nov. (B), and topotypic Distichodus notospilus (C). Same specimens and locality information as previous figures. Photographs by S. Raredon." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4674094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4674094/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6B6616FFAEE64E38E8FDF2FDE9FDDB" pageId="11" pageNumber="302" startId="11.[151,239,512,536]">
<paragraph id="8BAB369EFFAEE64E38E8FDF2FDE9FDDB" blockId="11.[151,1436,512,609]" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAEE64E38E8FDF2FED3FDA2" bold="true" box="[151,268,512,536]" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
Morphometric measurements and meristics of 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFAEE64E3B6BFDF2FC2EFDA2" authority="Schmidt &amp; Knobloch &amp; Barrientos, 2021" authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Knobloch &amp; Barrientos" authorityYear="2021" box="[788,1009,512,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAEE64E3B6BFDF2FC2EFDA2" box="[788,1009,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Distichodus microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFAEE64E3B84FDF3FB8CFDA3" bold="true" box="[1019,1107,513,537]" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25357F7FFAEE64E3B84FDF3FB8CFDA3" box="[1019,1107,513,537]" pageId="11" pageNumber="302" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(n=12; holotype and 11 paratypes). Standard length expressed in mm. All other measurements expressed in percent SL unless noted. Meristic data from holotype are identified by an “*”.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAB369EFFAEE64E38D9FD83FEF5F94A" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<table id="F914C43EFFAE19BA38D9FD83FAE1F94A" box="[166,1342,625,1776]" colsContinueIn="15.[166,1384,264,1737]" gridcols="4" gridrows="29" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<tr id="352434DCFFAE19BA38D9FD83FAE1FD33" box="[166,1342,625,649]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA38D9FD83FDDEFD33" box="[166,513,625,649]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">MORPHOMETRICS</th>
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3B79FD83FCBBFD33" box="[774,868,625,649]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Holotype</th>
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3BB6FD83FBE6FD33" box="[969,1081,625,649]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Range</th>
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3CBEFD83FAE1FD33" box="[1217,1342,625,649]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Mean±%SD</th>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFAE19BA38D9FD6BFAE1FD0B" box="[166,1342,665,689]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="302" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA38D9FD6BFDDEFD0B" box="[166,513,665,689]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Standard Length (mm)</th>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3B79FD6BFCBBFD0B" box="[774,868,665,689]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">98.0</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3BB6FD6BFBE6FD0B" box="[969,1081,665,689]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">55.5–110.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFAE19BA38D9FD33FAE1FD63" box="[166,1342,705,729]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA38D9FD33FDDEFD63" box="[166,513,705,729]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Predorsal length</th>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3B79FD33FCBBFD63" box="[774,868,705,729]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">51.7</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3BB6FD33FBE6FD63" box="[969,1081,705,729]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">49.5–55.4</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3CBEFD33FAE1FD63" box="[1217,1342,705,729]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">52.4±1.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFAE19BA38D9FD1BFAE1FCB8" box="[166,1342,745,770]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA38D9FD1BFDDEFCB8" box="[166,513,745,770]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Head length</th>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3B79FD1BFCBBFCB8" box="[774,868,745,770]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">23.0</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3BB6FD1BFBE6FCB8" box="[969,1081,745,770]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">21.2–25.2</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3CBEFD1BFAE1FCB8" box="[1217,1342,745,770]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">23.7±1.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFAE19BA38D9FCE3FAE1FC90" box="[166,1342,785,810]" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA38D9FCE3FDDEFC90" box="[166,513,785,810]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Eye diameter</th>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3B79FCE3FCBBFC90" box="[774,868,785,810]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">5.7</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3BB6FCE3FBE6FC90" box="[969,1081,785,810]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">5.2–7.4</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3CBEFCE3FAE1FC90" box="[1217,1342,785,810]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">6.2±0.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFAE19BA38D9FCC8FAE1FCE8" box="[166,1342,826,850]" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA38D9FCC8FDDEFCE8" box="[166,513,826,850]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Snout length</th>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3B79FCC8FCBBFCE8" box="[774,868,826,850]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">8.1</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3BB6FCC8FBE6FCE8" box="[969,1081,826,850]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">8.1–11.0</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3CBEFCC8FAE1FCE8" box="[1217,1342,826,850]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">9.0±0.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFAE19BA38D9FC90FAE1FCC0" box="[166,1342,866,890]" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA38D9FC90FDDEFCC0" box="[166,513,866,890]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Interorbital distance</th>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3B79FC90FCBBFCC0" box="[774,868,866,890]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">9.3</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3BB6FC90FBE6FCC0" box="[969,1081,866,890]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">8.9–9.9</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3CBEFC90FAE1FCC0" box="[1217,1342,866,890]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">9.4±0.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFAE19BA38D9FC78FAE1FC18" box="[166,1342,906,930]" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA38D9FC78FDDEFC18" box="[166,513,906,930]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Internasal distance</th>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3B79FC78FCBBFC18" box="[774,868,906,930]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">5.3</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3BB6FC78FBE6FC18" box="[969,1081,906,930]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">4.9–5.8</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3CBEFC78FAE1FC18" box="[1217,1342,906,930]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">5.3±0.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFAE19BA38D9FC40FAE1FC71" box="[166,1342,946,971]" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA38D9FC40FDDEFC71" box="[166,513,946,971]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Prepectoral length</th>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3B79FC40FCBBFC71" box="[774,868,946,971]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">23.5</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3BB6FC40FBE6FC71" box="[969,1081,946,971]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">22.3–27.2</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3CBEFC40FAE1FC71" box="[1217,1342,946,971]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">24.9±1.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFAE19BA38D9FC29FAE1FC49" box="[166,1342,987,1011]" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA38D9FC29FDDEFC49" box="[166,513,987,1011]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Prepelvic length</th>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3B79FC29FCBBFC49" box="[774,868,987,1011]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">52.0</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3BB6FC29FBE6FC49" box="[969,1081,987,1011]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">51.7–56.1</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3CBEFC29FAE1FC49" box="[1217,1342,987,1011]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">53.8±1.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFAE19BA38D9FBF1FAE1FBA1" box="[166,1342,1027,1051]" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA38D9FBF1FDDEFBA1" box="[166,513,1027,1051]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Preanal length</th>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3B79FBF1FCBBFBA1" box="[774,868,1027,1051]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">77.7</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3BB6FBF1FBE6FBA1" box="[969,1081,1027,1051]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">77.5–82.5</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3CBEFBF1FAE1FBA1" box="[1217,1342,1027,1051]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">79.4±1.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFAE19BA38D9FBD9FAE1FBF9" box="[166,1342,1067,1091]" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA38D9FBD9FDDEFBF9" box="[166,513,1067,1091]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Dorsal-fin terminus to adipose fin</th>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3B79FBD9FCBBFBF9" box="[774,868,1067,1091]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">19.1</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3BB6FBD9FBE6FBF9" box="[969,1081,1067,1091]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">19.1–24.2</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3CBEFBD9FAE1FBF9" box="[1217,1342,1067,1091]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">21.0±1.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFAE19BA38D9FBA1FAE1FBD6" box="[166,1342,1107,1132]" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA38D9FBA1FDDEFBD6" box="[166,513,1107,1132]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Body depth</th>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3B79FBA1FCBBFBD6" box="[774,868,1107,1132]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">36.5</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3BB6FBA1FBE6FBD6" box="[969,1081,1107,1132]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">34.1–38.7</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3CBEFBA1FAE1FBD6" box="[1217,1342,1107,1132]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">36.1±1.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFAE19BA38D9FB8EFAE1FB2E" box="[166,1342,1148,1172]" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA38D9FB8EFDDEFB2E" box="[166,513,1148,1172]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Pectoral-fin length</th>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3B79FB8EFCBBFB2E" box="[774,868,1148,1172]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">19.1</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3BB6FB8EFBE6FB2E" box="[969,1081,1148,1172]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">17.8–19.5</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3CBEFB8EFAE1FB2E" box="[1217,1342,1148,1172]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">18.8±.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFAE19BA38D9FB56FAE1FB06" box="[166,1342,1188,1212]" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA38D9FB56FDDEFB06" box="[166,513,1188,1212]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Pectoral-fin base length</th>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3B79FB56FCBBFB06" box="[774,868,1188,1212]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">5.8</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3BB6FB56FBE6FB06" box="[969,1081,1188,1212]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">4.4–5.8</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3CBEFB56FAE1FB06" box="[1217,1342,1188,1212]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">5.3±0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFAE19BA38D9FB3EFAE1FB5E" box="[166,1342,1228,1252]" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA38D9FB3EFDDEFB5E" box="[166,513,1228,1252]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Pelvic-fin length</th>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3B79FB3EFCBBFB5E" box="[774,868,1228,1252]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">19.4</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3BB6FB3EFBE6FB5E" box="[969,1081,1228,1252]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">17.4–20.2</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3CBEFB3EFAE1FB5E" box="[1217,1342,1228,1252]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">19.2±0.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFAE19BA38D9FB06FAE1FAB7" box="[166,1342,1268,1293]" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA38D9FB06FDDEFAB7" box="[166,513,1268,1293]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Pelvic-fin base length</th>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3B79FB06FCBBFAB7" box="[774,868,1268,1293]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">5.2</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3BB6FB06FBE6FAB7" box="[969,1081,1268,1293]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">4.3–5.8</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3CBEFB06FAE1FAB7" box="[1217,1342,1268,1293]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">5.0±0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFAE19BA38D9FAEFFAE1FA8F" box="[166,1342,1309,1333]" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA38D9FAEFFDDEFA8F" box="[166,513,1309,1333]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Dorsal-fin height</th>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3B79FAEFFCBBFA8F" box="[774,868,1309,1333]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">23.5</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3BB6FAEFFBE6FA8F" box="[969,1081,1309,1333]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">20.2–26.8</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3CBEFAEFFAE1FA8F" box="[1217,1342,1309,1333]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">23.0±2.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFAE19BA38D9FAB7FAE1FAE7" box="[166,1342,1349,1373]" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA38D9FAB7FDDEFAE7" box="[166,513,1349,1373]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Dorsal-fin base length</th>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3B79FAB7FCBBFAE7" box="[774,868,1349,1373]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">19.8</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3BB6FAB7FBE6FAE7" box="[969,1081,1349,1373]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">15.6–19.8</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3CBEFAB7FAE1FAE7" box="[1217,1342,1349,1373]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">18.1±1.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFAE19BA38D9FA9FFAE1FA3F" box="[166,1342,1389,1413]" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA38D9FA9FFDDEFA3F" box="[166,513,1389,1413]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Adipose-fin height</th>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3B79FA9FFCBBFA3F" box="[774,868,1389,1413]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">8.1</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3BB6FA9FFBE6FA3F" box="[969,1081,1389,1413]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">5.9–8.2</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3CBEFA9FFAE1FA3F" box="[1217,1342,1389,1413]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">7.1±0.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFAE19BA38D9FA67FAE1FA14" box="[166,1342,1429,1454]" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA38D9FA67FDDEFA14" box="[166,513,1429,1454]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Adipose-fin base length</th>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3B79FA67FCBBFA14" box="[774,868,1429,1454]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">3.3</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3BB6FA67FBE6FA14" box="[969,1081,1429,1454]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">2.2–3.6</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3CBEFA67FAE1FA14" box="[1217,1342,1429,1454]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">2.9±0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFAE19BA38D9FA4CFAE1FA6C" box="[166,1342,1470,1494]" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA38D9FA4CFDDEFA6C" box="[166,513,1470,1494]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Anal-fin length</th>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3B79FA4CFCBBFA6C" box="[774,868,1470,1494]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">17.4</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3BB6FA4CFBE6FA6C" box="[969,1081,1470,1494]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">15–17.8</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3CBEFA4CFAE1FA6C" box="[1217,1342,1470,1494]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">16.5±0.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFAE19BA38D9FA14FAE1FA44" box="[166,1342,1510,1534]" gridrow="22" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA38D9FA14FDDEFA44" box="[166,513,1510,1534]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Anal-fin base length</th>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3B79FA14FCBBFA44" box="[774,868,1510,1534]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">13.8</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3BB6FA14FBE6FA44" box="[969,1081,1510,1534]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">10.3–13.9</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3CBEFA14FAE1FA44" box="[1217,1342,1510,1534]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">12.3±1.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFAE19BA38D9F9FCFAE1F99C" box="[166,1342,1550,1574]" gridrow="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA38D9F9FCFDDEF99C" box="[166,513,1550,1574]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Caudal peduncle depth</th>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3B79F9FCFCBBF99C" box="[774,868,1550,1574]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">13.9</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3BB6F9FCFBE6F99C" box="[969,1081,1550,1574]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">12.4–14.2</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3CBEF9FCFAE1F99C" box="[1217,1342,1550,1574]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">13.6±0.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFAE19BA38D9F9C4FAE1F9F5" box="[166,1342,1590,1615]" gridrow="24" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA38D9F9C4FDDEF9F5" box="[166,513,1590,1615]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Caudal peduncle length</th>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3B79F9C4FCBBF9F5" box="[774,868,1590,1615]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">12.2</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3BB6F9C4FBE6F9F5" box="[969,1081,1590,1615]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">11.9–14.8</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3CBEF9C4FAE1F9F5" box="[1217,1342,1590,1615]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">13.2±1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFAE19BA38D9F9ADFAE1F9CD" box="[166,1342,1631,1655]" gridrow="25" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA38D9F9ADFDDEF9CD" box="[166,513,1631,1655]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Eye diameter as % of snout length</th>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3B79F9ADFCBBF9CD" box="[774,868,1631,1655]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">70.9</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3BB6F9ADFBE6F9CD" box="[969,1081,1631,1655]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">56.7–80.4</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3CBEF9ADFAE1F9CD" box="[1217,1342,1631,1655]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">68.5±6.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFAE19BA38D9F975FAE1F925" box="[166,1342,1671,1695]" gridrow="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA38D9F975FDDEF925" box="[166,513,1671,1695]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Eye diameter as % of head length</th>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3B79F975FCBBF925" box="[774,868,1671,1695]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">24.9</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3BB6F975FBE6F925" box="[969,1081,1671,1695]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">23.9–29.3</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3CBEF975FAE1F925" box="[1217,1342,1671,1695]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">26±1.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFAE19BA38D9F95DFAE1F97D" box="[166,1342,1711,1735]" gridrow="27" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA38D9F95DFDDEF97D" box="[166,513,1711,1735]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Snout length as % of head length</th>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3B79F95DFCBBF97D" box="[774,868,1711,1735]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">35.1</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3BB6F95DFBE6F97D" box="[969,1081,1711,1735]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">35.1–43.9</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA3CBEF95DFAE1F97D" box="[1217,1342,1711,1735]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">38.2±2.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFAE19BA38D9F92AFAE1F94A" box="[166,1342,1752,1776]" gridrow="28" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">
<th id="76F55DA0FFAE19BA38D9F92AFAE1F94A" box="[166,1342,1752,1776]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">MERISTICS</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<tableNote id="76F23710FFAEE64E38D9F8F2FC0AF85B" pageId="11" pageNumber="302" targetBox="[166,1342,625,1776]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BAB369EFFAEE64E38D9F8F2FC78F8A2" blockId="11.[166,1085,1792,2017]" box="[166,935,1792,1816]" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Scales in lateral line 40 (2), 41* (10)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB369EFFAEE64E38D9F8DAFC6BF8FA" blockId="11.[166,1085,1792,2017]" box="[166,948,1832,1856]" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Scales LL to dorsal 6.5 (2), 7.5* (10)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB369EFFAEE64E38D9F8A2FC8FF8D2" blockId="11.[166,1085,1792,2017]" box="[166,848,1872,1896]" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Scales LL to pelvic 6* (12)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB369EFFAEE64E38D9F88AFC82F82B" blockId="11.[166,1085,1792,2017]" box="[166,861,1912,1937]" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Scales around caudal peduncle 16* (12)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB369EFFAEE64E38D9F853FBE2F803" blockId="11.[166,1085,1792,2017]" box="[166,1085,1953,1977]" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Dorsal-fin count iii-12 (1), iii-13 (9), iii-14* (1)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB369EFFAEE64E38D9F83BFC0AF85B" blockId="11.[166,1085,1792,2017]" box="[166,981,1993,2017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="302">Anal-fin count iii-9* (10), iii-10 (2)</paragraph>
</tableNote>
<caption id="DF6B6616FFA9E64938E8FF65FC0AFF69" pageId="12" pageNumber="303" startId="12.[151,239,151,175]">
<paragraph id="8BAB369EFFA9E64938E8FF65FC0AFF69" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,212]" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFA9E64938E8FF65FED4FF0A" bold="true" box="[151,267,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">TABLE 5.</emphasis>
Morphometric measurements and meristics of topotypic 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFA9E6493B09FF65FBB4FF15" box="[886,1131,151,175]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notospilus">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFA9E6493B09FF65FBB4FF15" box="[886,1131,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Distichodus notospilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(n=26). Standard length expressed in mm. All other measurements expressed in percent SL unless noted.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAB369EFFA9E64938D9FF16FB71F9EE" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<table id="F914C43EFFA919BA38D9FF16FAD2F9EE" box="[166,1293,228,1620]" gridcols="2" gridrows="35" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FF16FAD2FF46" box="[166,1293,228,252]" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<th id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FF16FDDAFF46" box="[166,517,228,252]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">MORPHOMETRICS</th>
<th id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFF16FAD2FF46" box="[802,1293,228,252]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Range Mean±%SD</th>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FEFEFAD2FE9E" box="[166,1293,268,292]" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FEFEFDDAFE9E" box="[166,517,268,292]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Standard Length (mm)</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFEFEFAD2FE9E" box="[802,1293,268,292]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">46.8–115.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FEC6FAD2FEF6" box="[166,1293,308,332]" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FEC6FDDAFEF6" box="[166,517,308,332]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Predorsal length</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFEC6FAD2FEF6" box="[802,1293,308,332]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">51.7–55.5 53.9±1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FEAEFAD2FECF" box="[166,1293,348,373]" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FEAEFDDAFECF" box="[166,517,348,373]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Head length</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFEAEFAD2FECF" box="[802,1293,348,373]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">21.3–28.4 25.8±1.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FE77FAD2FE27" box="[166,1293,389,413]" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FE77FDDAFE27" box="[166,517,389,413]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Eye diameter</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFE77FAD2FE27" box="[802,1293,389,413]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">5.8–9.6 7.4±0.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FE5FFAD2FE7F" box="[166,1293,429,453]" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FE5FFDDAFE7F" box="[166,517,429,453]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Snout length</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFE5FFAD2FE7F" box="[802,1293,429,453]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">7.7–10.3 9.0±0.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FE27FAD2FE57" box="[166,1293,469,493]" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FE27FDDAFE57" box="[166,517,469,493]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Interorbital distance</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFE27FAD2FE57" box="[802,1293,469,493]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">9.0–10.9 10.1±.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FE0FFAD2FDAF" box="[166,1293,509,533]" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FE0FFDDAFDAF" box="[166,517,509,533]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Internasal distance</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFE0FFAD2FDAF" box="[802,1293,509,533]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">4.7–5.9 5.3±0.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FDD4FAD2FD84" box="[166,1293,550,574]" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FDD4FDDAFD84" box="[166,517,550,574]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Prepectoral length</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFDD4FAD2FD84" box="[802,1293,550,574]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">24.7–29.9 27.0±1.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FDBCFAD2FDDC" box="[166,1293,590,614]" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FDBCFDDAFDDC" box="[166,517,590,614]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Prepelvic length</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFDBCFAD2FDDC" box="[802,1293,590,614]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">53.0–56.5 54.3±0.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FD84FAD2FD34" box="[166,1293,630,654]" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FD84FDDAFD34" box="[166,517,630,654]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Preanal length</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFD84FAD2FD34" box="[802,1293,630,654]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">75.2–82.3 79.3±1.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FD6CFAD2FD0D" box="[166,1293,670,695]" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FD6CFDDAFD0D" box="[166,517,670,695]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Dorsal-fin terminus to adipose fin</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFD6CFAD2FD0D" box="[802,1293,670,695]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">19.9–22.9 21.4±0.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FD35FAD2FD65" box="[166,1293,711,735]" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FD35FDDAFD65" box="[166,517,711,735]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Body depth</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFD35FAD2FD65" box="[802,1293,711,735]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">34.8–44.3 39.6±2.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FD1DFAD2FCBD" box="[166,1293,751,775]" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FD1DFDDAFCBD" box="[166,517,751,775]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Pectoral-fin length</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFD1DFAD2FCBD" box="[802,1293,751,775]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">16.9–20.2 18.8±0.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FCE5FAD2FC95" box="[166,1293,791,815]" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FCE5FDDAFC95" box="[166,517,791,815]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Pectoral-fin base length</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFCE5FAD2FC95" box="[802,1293,791,815]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">3.8–5.7 4.9±0.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FCCDFAD2FCE2" box="[166,1293,831,856]" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FCCDFDDAFCE2" box="[166,517,831,856]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Pelvic-fin length</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFCCDFAD2FCE2" box="[802,1293,831,856]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">17.6–22.4 20.4±1.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FC95FAD2FC3A" box="[166,1293,871,896]" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FC95FDDAFC3A" box="[166,517,871,896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Pelvic-fin base length</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFC95FAD2FC3A" box="[802,1293,871,896]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">3.8–5.8 4.8±0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FC62FAD2FC12" box="[166,1293,912,936]" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FC62FDDAFC12" box="[166,517,912,936]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Dorsal-fin height</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFC62FAD2FC12" box="[802,1293,912,936]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">22.7–34.2 27.1±2.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FC4AFAD2FC6A" box="[166,1293,952,976]" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FC4AFDDAFC6A" box="[166,517,952,976]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Dorsal-fin base length</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFC4AFAD2FC6A" box="[802,1293,952,976]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">16.4–20.3 18.2±1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FC12FAD2FC42" box="[166,1293,992,1016]" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FC12FDDAFC42" box="[166,517,992,1016]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Adipose-fin height</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFC12FAD2FC42" box="[802,1293,992,1016]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">5.0–8.3 6.8±0.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FBFBFAD2FB9B" box="[166,1293,1033,1057]" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FBFBFDDAFB9B" box="[166,517,1033,1057]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Adipose-fin base length</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFBFBFAD2FB9B" box="[802,1293,1033,1057]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">1.8–3.1 2.4±0.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FBC3FAD2FBF3" box="[166,1293,1073,1097]" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FBC3FDDAFBF3" box="[166,517,1073,1097]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Anal-fin length</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFBC3FAD2FBF3" box="[802,1293,1073,1097]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">12.9–19.4 16.5±1.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FBABFAD2FBCB" box="[166,1293,1113,1137]" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FBABFDDAFBCB" box="[166,517,1113,1137]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Anal-fin base length</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFBABFAD2FBCB" box="[802,1293,1113,1137]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">11.2–14.8 12.5±0.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FB73FAD2FB23" box="[166,1293,1153,1177]" gridrow="23" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FB73FDDAFB23" box="[166,517,1153,1177]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Caudal peduncle depth</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFB73FAD2FB23" box="[802,1293,1153,1177]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">12.3–14.1 13.4±0.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FB58FAD2FB78" box="[166,1293,1194,1218]" gridrow="24" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FB58FDDAFB78" box="[166,517,1194,1218]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Caudal peduncle length</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFB58FAD2FB78" box="[802,1293,1194,1218]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">10.2–14.4 12.0±0.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FB20FAD2FB50" box="[166,1293,1234,1258]" gridrow="25" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FB20FDDAFB50" box="[166,517,1234,1258]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Eye diameter as % of Snout length</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFB20FAD2FB50" box="[802,1293,1234,1258]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">70.1–104.3 82.1±8.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FB08FAD2FAA9" box="[166,1293,1274,1299]" gridrow="26" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FB08FDDAFAA9" box="[166,517,1274,1299]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Eye diameter as % of Head length</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFB08FAD2FAA9" box="[802,1293,1274,1299]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">26.5–33.8 28.6±1.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FAD0FAD2FA80" box="[166,1293,1314,1338]" gridrow="27" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FAD0FDDAFA80" box="[166,517,1314,1338]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Snout length as % of Head length</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFAD0FAD2FA80" box="[802,1293,1314,1338]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">30.3–40.3 35.0±2.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FAB9FAD2FAD9" box="[166,1293,1355,1379]" gridrow="28" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FAB9FAD2FAD9" box="[166,1293,1355,1379]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">MERISTICS</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FA81FAD2FA31" box="[166,1293,1395,1419]" gridrow="29" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FA81FDDAFA31" box="[166,517,1395,1419]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Scales in lateral line</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFA81FAD2FA31" box="[802,1293,1395,1419]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">37 (2), 38 (9), 39 (14), 40 (1)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FA69FAD2FA09" box="[166,1293,1435,1459]" gridrow="30" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FA69FDDAFA09" box="[166,517,1435,1459]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Scales LL to dorsal</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFA69FAD2FA09" box="[802,1293,1435,1459]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">6.5 (13), 7.5 (11)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FA31FAD2FA61" box="[166,1293,1475,1499]" gridrow="31" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FA31FDDAFA61" box="[166,517,1475,1499]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Scales LL to pelvic</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFA31FAD2FA61" box="[802,1293,1475,1499]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">6 (7), 7 (19)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9FA19FAD2F9B9" box="[166,1293,1515,1539]" gridrow="32" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9FA19FDDAF9B9" box="[166,517,1515,1539]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Scales around caudal peduncle</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DFA19FAD2F9B9" box="[802,1293,1515,1539]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">16 (26)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9F9E6FAD2F996" box="[166,1293,1556,1580]" gridrow="33" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9F9E6FDDAF996" box="[166,517,1556,1580]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Dorsal-fin count</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DF9E6FAD2F996" box="[802,1293,1556,1580]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">ii-14 (3), ii-15 (1), iii-13 (11), iii-14 (11)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352434DCFFA919BA38D9F9CEFAD2F9EE" box="[166,1293,1596,1620]" gridrow="34" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA38D9F9CEFDDAF9EE" box="[166,517,1596,1620]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Anal-fin count</td>
<td id="76F55DA0FFA919BA3B5DF9CEFAD2F9EE" box="[802,1293,1596,1620]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">iii-10 (12), iii-11 (14)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C30E6515FFA9E64838B8F971FBF0F83B" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="304" pageId="12" pageNumber="303" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAB369EFFA9E64938B8F971FEB1F823" blockId="12.[151,1436,1667,2018]" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFA9E64938B8F971FE86F927" bold="true" box="[199,345,1667,1693]" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Description.</emphasis>
Morphometrics and meristics for 
<typeStatus id="54AF883CFFA9E6493AAAF971FCE8F927" box="[725,823,1667,1693]" pageId="12" pageNumber="303" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and 
<typeStatus id="54AF883CFFA9E6493B11F976FC06F924" box="[878,985,1668,1694]" pageId="12" pageNumber="303" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFA9E6493B81F971FB3CF927" authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Knobloch &amp; Barrientos" authorityYear="2021" box="[1022,1251,1667,1693]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFA9E6493B81F971FB3CF927" box="[1022,1251,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Distichodus microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are summarized in table 4. 
<typeStatus id="54AF883CFFA9E649396DF955FEA5F97B" box="[274,378,1703,1729]" pageId="12" pageNumber="303" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
shown in figure 5 and the live color of a 
<typeStatus id="54AF883CFFA9E6493B23F95AFC63F978" box="[860,956,1704,1730]" pageId="12" pageNumber="303" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
is shown in figure 9. Maximum observed size: 
<quantity id="4CEC9B7BFFA9E64938ABF939FE98F95C" box="[212,327,1739,1766]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.105" pageId="12" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="110.5">110.5 mm</quantity>
SL. Body laterally compressed and moderately elongate. Dorsal profile with convex curve from snout to anterior margins of head; weakly convex to dorsal-fin origin. Profile from origin of dorsal fin to adipose fin straight to slightly convex; concave from adipose to caudal fin. Ventral profile broadly convex from tip of snout to the terminus of the anal fin; slightly concave in area from anal-fin terminus to caudal fin. Body covered in relatively large ctenoid scales; extending over proximal half of adipose and caudal fins; extending beyond proximal half in lobes of caudal fin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB369EFFA9E64838B8F851FD2AFEDF" blockId="12.[151,1436,1667,2018]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="304" pageId="12" pageNumber="303">Mouth inferior to nearly subterminal; two rows of bicuspid teeth in upper and lower jaws. Dorsal fin with straight to slightly concave distal margin; its origin anterior to vertical of pelvic-fin origin. Adipose fin origin nearly two thirds the distance from dorsal-fin terminus to caudal fin; anterior to vertical of anal-fin terminus and extends beyond vertical of anal-fin terminus. Caudal fin forked; tips of upper and lower lobe slightly rounded with moderate point. Anal fin with slightly concave margin; base about five-sixths the length of longest ray; not reaching caudal fin when flexed to body. Pelvic-fin origins at mid-length of snout to caudal fin distance; nearly as long as head length. Pectoral-fin origin posterior to vertical of posterior edge of subopercle; horizontal of pectoral-fin origin near or slightly inferior to mouth; nearly as long as pelvic fin.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6B6616FFA8E64838E8FC5DFC04FC51" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4674088" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4674088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4674088/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="304" startId="13.[151,250,943,967]" targetBox="[175,1421,400,902]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8BAB369EFFA8E64838E8FC5DFC04FC51" blockId="13.[151,1437,943,1004]" pageId="13" pageNumber="304">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFA8E64838E8FC5DFECCFC7D" bold="true" box="[151,275,943,967]" pageId="13" pageNumber="304">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFA8E6483966FC5DFE36FC7D" authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Knobloch &amp; Barrientos" authorityYear="2021" box="[281,489,943,967]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFA8E6483966FC5DFE36FC7D" box="[281,489,943,967]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="304">Distichodus microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a new species, holotype, USNM 451325, ALC, 98.0 mm SL, Equatorial Guinea, Litoral, Rio Mbia at Menzong, 32 m elev, 2.07529° N, 9.92378° E; Photograph by S. Raredon.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6B6616FFA8E64838E8F9F2FE18F9DA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4674090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4674090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4674090/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="304" startId="13.[151,250,1536,1560]" targetBox="[173,1409,1044,1498]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8BAB369EFFA8E64838E8F9F2FE18F9DA" blockId="13.[151,1437,1536,1633]" pageId="13" pageNumber="304">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFA8E64838E8F9F2FECCF9A2" bold="true" box="[151,275,1536,1560]" pageId="13" pageNumber="304">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Topotypic 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFA8E64839FAF9F2FD46F9A3" authority=", OS" authorityName="OS" box="[389,665,1536,1561]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notospilus">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFA8E64839FAF9F2FDB3F9A2" box="[389,620,1536,1560]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="304">Distichodus notospilus</emphasis>
, OS
</taxonomicName>
21266, Gabon, Province de la Ngounié, SINDARA C—Below the rapids of Sindara on the left bank, in a small inundation zone with a sandy bottom that is exposed in the dry season, 1.03492° S, 10.69116° E; Photograph by S. Raredon.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAB369EFFA8E64838B8F97CFBF0F83B" blockId="13.[151,1437,1678,2029]" pageId="13" pageNumber="304">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFA8E64838B8F97CFE90F912" bold="true" box="[199,335,1678,1704]" pageId="13" pageNumber="304">Coloration.</emphasis>
Live coloration: specimens silver with some red and gold flecks along head and sides anteriorly and becoming more diffuse posteriorly. Pectoral and anal fins red. Dorsal fin cream at based with black band beginning about one-third the length of the third ray stretching nearly to the distal tip and roughly to the base of the fourth ray through the base of the tenth ray (
<figureCitation id="132F2A1BFFA8E6483A3CF909FD57F8AF" box="[579,648,1787,1813]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,850,874]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,273,827]" captionTargetId="figure-62@17.[151,1437,273,827]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Live coloration of Distichodus microps, USNM 451457, ALC 81.6 mm SL, voucher EqGui2017_0274, Equatorial Guinea, Litoral, Rio Mbia at Menzong, 32 m elev, 2.07529° N, 9.92378° E photograph by R.C. Schmidt (A); Distichodus mbiniensis, USNM 451319, ALC 61.3 mm SL, voucher EqGui2017_0130, Equatorial Guinea, Wele-Nzas, Rio Ntoro at Aconibe—Acurenam Rd., 668 m, 1.29091° N, 10.9174° E, photograph by R. C. Schmidt (B); Topotypic Distichodus notospilus, OS 19544, ALC, 104.1 mm SL, Gabon, Province de l’Ogooué-Lolo, Right bank of Ogooué River at Doumé village, 0.84245° S, 12.96249° E, Photograph by B. Sidlauskas, included with permission (C); Holotype of Distichodus mbiniensis, USNM 451317, ALC, 99.9 mm SL, voucher EqGui2017_0127, Equatorial Guinea, Wele-Nzas, Rio Ntoro at Aconibe—Acurenam Rd., 668 m elev, 1.29091° N, 10.9174° E; Photograph by R. C. Schmidt (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4674096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4674096/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="304">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Diffuse ovoid black spot at base of caudal fin. Typical coloration of preserved specimens shown in figure 5. Specimens light grey to silver along sides. Scales darker gray on upper quarter of sides. Pores along the lateral line with melanophores forming a diffuse stripe. Faint black ovoid spot at base of caudal fin. Fins clear with black spot in dorsal fin as previously described.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E6515FFA8E64838B8F879FDEAF873" pageId="13" pageNumber="304" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BAB369EFFA8E64838B8F879FDEAF873" blockId="13.[151,1437,1678,2029]" pageId="13" pageNumber="304">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFA8E64838B8F879FE91F81F" bold="true" box="[199,334,1931,1957]" pageId="13" pageNumber="304">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet is a combination of the Greek “micro” and “ops” and refers to the small eye relative to the snout and head length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E6515FFA8E64B38B8F820FE4CFD87" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="305" pageId="13" pageNumber="304" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAB369EFFA8E64B38B8F820FBEEFEDF" blockId="13.[151,1437,1678,2029]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,573]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="305" pageId="13" pageNumber="304">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFA8E64838B8F820FEBEF856" bold="true" box="[199,353,2002,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="304">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFA8E6483918F821FD92F856" authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Knobloch &amp; Barrientos" authorityYear="2021" box="[359,589,2003,2029]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFA8E6483918F821FD92F856" box="[359,589,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="304">Distichodus microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from the 
<typeStatus id="54AF883CFFA8E6483B1FF821FC4FF857" box="[864,912,2003,2029]" pageId="13" pageNumber="304">type</typeStatus>
locality in the Mbia River drainage in Equatorial 
<collectingCountry id="F303760EFFABE64B38BCFF65FEC7FF0B" box="[195,280,151,177]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="14" pageNumber="305">Guinea</collectingCountry>
. The 
<typeStatus id="54AF883CFFABE64B392BFF65FE5BFF0B" box="[340,388,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="305">type</typeStatus>
specimens were collected by cast net in ~ 
<quantity id="4CEC9B7BFFABE64B3B27FF65FC5CFF0B" box="[856,899,151,177]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="305" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
deep flowing water along the bank downstream from the older bridge crossing on the road from Bata to Rio Campo. Roman collected at two localities on the Mbia River in the 1960s but did not record any 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFABE64B3A13FF2DFD2DFF43" authorityName="J.P.Muller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1844" box="[620,754,223,249]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFABE64B3A13FF2DFD2DFF43" box="[620,754,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="305">Distichodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B6FFFABE64B3B27FF2DFC31FF43" author="Roman, B." box="[856,1006,223,249]" pageId="14" pageNumber="305" refId="ref13745" refString="Roman, B. (1971) Peces de Rio Muni, Guinea Ecuatorial: (Aguas dulces y salobres). Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Barcelona, 295 pp https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1442809" type="book" year="1971">Roman 1971</bibRefCitation>
). Additional surveys are needed to determine the distribution of this species within the Mbia River drainage. Published sequences from populations in the lower Ntem River suggest that 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFABE64B3988FED5FDADFEFA" authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Knobloch &amp; Barrientos" authorityYear="2021" box="[503,626,295,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFABE64B3988FED5FDADFEFA" box="[503,626,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="305">D. microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species may also be present in the Lower Ntem and potentially in other coastal rivers in southern 
<collectingCountry id="F303760EFFABE64B39C8FEB9FDF3FEDF" box="[439,556,331,357]" name="Cameroon" pageId="14" pageNumber="305">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="132F2A1BFFABE64B3A44FEB9FD5FFEDF" box="[571,640,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,211,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[151,1436,211,1649]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Phylogeny of Distichodus spp. inferred from 996 bp of cytochrome b (A). Phylogeny inferred from concatenated dataset of 996 bp CYTB, 729 bp MYH6, and 627 bp of CO1(B). Posterior probabilities from Bayesian inference above major branches; above 0.95 not shown and branches with support values &lt;70 were collapsed. Metadata and accession numbers for specimens included in the analyses shown in table 1 and average uncorrected p-distances among these different taxa shown in table 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4674082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4674082/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="305">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
; see discussion for further comments).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB369EFFABE64B38B8FE9CFE4CFD87" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="305">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFABE64B38B8FE9CFE61FE33" bold="true" box="[199,446,366,393]" pageId="14" pageNumber="305">Conservation status.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFABE64B39B7FE9DFD6EFE32" authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Knobloch &amp; Barrientos" authorityYear="2021" box="[456,689,367,393]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFABE64B39B7FE9DFD6EFE32" box="[456,689,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="305">Distichodus microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is presently only known to occur in the Mbia River drainage in 
<collectingCountry id="F303760EFFABE64B38E8FE61FEB5FE17" box="[151,362,403,429]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="14" pageNumber="305">Equatorial Guinea</collectingCountry>
. The extant of occurrence (EOO) is 
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<superScript id="7C619BD6FFABE64B3B07FE60FC5FFE1A" attach="left" box="[888,896,402,416]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="305">2</superScript>
and this species occurs in less than five threatbased locations. The ongoing threats to the habitats preferred by 
<taxonomicName id="4C144D1DFFABE64B3B04FE45FC27FE6A" authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Knobloch &amp; Barrientos" authorityYear="2021" box="[891,1016,439,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Distichodontidae" genus="Distichodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFABE64B3B04FE45FC27FE6A" box="[891,1016,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="305">D. microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
include habitat destruction and sedimentation resulting from road construction and logging activities in the region. Due to the restricted EOO and limited number of locations available to this species, this species is assessed in the IUCN Red List as Endangered (
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B6FFFABE64B38E0FDD1FE5CFD8B" author="Schmidt, R. C. &amp; Knobloch, E. C. &amp; Barrientos, C." box="[159,387,547,573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="305" refId="ref14276" refString="Schmidt, R. C., Knobloch, E. C., Barrientos, C. (2020 a) Distichodus sp. nov. ' microps'. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2020, e. T 177754310 A 177754313. https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2020 - 3. RLTS. T 177754310 A 177754313. en" type="book" year="2020">
Schmidt 
<emphasis id="B960EA8CFFABE64B397AFDD1FEE2FD87" box="[261,317,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="305">et al.</emphasis>
2020 
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</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>