597 lines
83 KiB
XML
597 lines
83 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E47FC361542F7DB2298A06FCD89C9A6A">New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)</mods:title>
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(
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<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCDD22DBEA2B8CFCA0" bold="true" box="[333,430,752,778]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Toxoma</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCDDD0DBF528BBFCA0" bold="true" box="[447,665,751,778]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">sulcoprothoracica</emphasis>
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(W.
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(
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<figureCitation id="1326DAB1112AFFFCDCF0DA0E2B0FFC85" box="[159,301,788,815]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 90–92" captionStart-1="FIGURES 93–101" captionStart-2="FIGURES 102–105" captionStart-3="FIGURE 106" captionStartId-0="23.[151,264,1924,1948]" captionStartId-1="24.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionStartId-2="25.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionStartId-3="27.[151,250,1561,1585]" captionTargetBox-0="[164,1425,324,1881]" captionTargetBox-1="[158,1423,191,1831]" captionTargetBox-2="[155,1428,191,1827]" captionTargetBox-3="[271,1319,572,1531]" captionTargetId-0="figure-76@23.[151,1435,309,1901]" captionTargetId-1="figure-31@24.[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@25.[152,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetId-3="figure-167@27.[262,1326,561,1538]" captionTargetPageId-0="23" captionTargetPageId-1="24" captionTargetPageId-2="25" captionTargetPageId-3="27" captionText-0="FIGURES 90–92. Physodeutera (Toxoma) sulcoprothoracica W. Horn. ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA). 90— habitus, 9.9 mm; 91— antennomeres 1–5; 92—antennomeres 1–6. Bars = 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 93–101. Physodeutera (Toxoma) sulcoprothoracica W. Horn. ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA). 93—head, ibid.; 94– 95—labrum: 94—♂, ibid.; 95—♀, LT (SDEI), adopted from Moravec (2002a); 96—maxillary palpus, ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 97–98—labial palpus: 97—♂, ibid.; 98—♀, LT (SDEI), adopted from Moravec (2002a); 99—pronotum, ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 100–101—aedeagus showing internal sac in its left and right lateral view. Bars = 1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURES 102–105. Physodeutera (Toxoma) sulcoprothoracica W. Horn. 102–104—elytra: 102—♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 103—♀, LT (SDEI), adopted from SDEI database; 104—apical area, ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 105—labels of HT (SDEI). Bar = 1 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 106. Distribution of four Physodeutera (Toxoma) species in northern part of Madagascar. Adopted from the map of preserved areas in Madagascar according to Moat & Smith (2007), adapted and published previously (Moravec 2010) under permission of the trustee of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, GB." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627241" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627243" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627245" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627247" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5627241/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5627243/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5627245/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5627247/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Figs 90–106</figureCitation>
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)
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W.
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(
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)
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<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCDDF9DA6D28F6FC25" box="[406,724,887,911]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">viridicyanea sulcoprothoracica</emphasis>
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: W.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8CBBC5112AFFFCDF6CDA6229B8FC25" author="Horn, W." box="[771,922,887,911]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref15085" refString="Horn, W. (1934) Catalogue Bibliographique et synonymique des Cicindelides de Madagascar (Coleoptera, Fam. Carabidae, subfam. Cicindelini). In: Horn, W. & Olsoufieff, G., Les Cicindelides de Madagascar (premiere partie). Memories de l'Academie Malgache, 1934, pp. 1 - 79, 156 ill., 1 map." type="book chapter" year="1934">Horn 1934: 14</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCDCF8DA8C2B34FC04" box="[151,278,918,942]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Megalomma</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCDD4ADA8C2BAAFC04" box="[293,392,918,942]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Diarrhiza</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCDDF8DA8C28F7FC04" box="[407,725,918,942]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">viridicyanea sulcoprothoracica</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8CBBC5112AFFFCDE8DDA8C29BFFC04" author="Jeannel, R." box="[738,925,918,942]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" refId="ref15178" refString="Jeannel, R. = (1946) Coleopteres Carabiques de la region Malgache (premiere partie). Faune de l'empire francais. VI. Libraire Larosse, Paris, 372 pp." type="book" year="1946">Jeannel 1946: 191</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BA2C634112AFFFCDCF8DAAE2996FC66" blockId="22.[151,1112,856,1034]" box="[151,948,948,973]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
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<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCDCF8DAAE2B00FC66" box="[151,290,948,972]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Physodeutera</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCDD5EDAAE2BB6FC66" box="[305,404,948,972]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Diarrhiza</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCDDCBDAAE28C3FC66" box="[420,737,948,972]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">viridicyanea sulcoprothoracica</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8CBBC5112AFFFCDE80DAAE2992FC66" author="Rivalier, E." box="[751,944,948,972]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" pagination="261 - 296" refId="ref16752" refString="Rivalier, E. (1967) Le genre Physodeutera Lacordaire (Col. Cicindelidae) revision et description d'especes nouvelles. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, New Series, 3, 261 - 296." type="journal article" year="1967">Rivalier 1967: 276</bibRefCitation>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DBDB7112AFFFCDCF8DAC9293DFC41" ID-CoL="4HHZJ" authority=": Moravec 2000: 212" authorityName="Moravec" authorityPageNumber="212" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,799,979,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodeutera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcoprothoracica" subGenus="Toxoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCDCF8DAC92B00FC41" box="[151,290,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Physodeutera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCDD5EDACE2BA2FC41" box="[305,384,980,1003]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Toxoma</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCDDE0DAC9286AFC41" box="[399,584,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">sulcoprothoracica</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CBBC5112AFFFCDE39DACE293DFC41" author="Moravec, J." box="[598,799,979,1003]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" pagination="197 - 216" refId="ref15414" refString="Moravec, J. (2000) New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles - 6. New taxa in the genus Physodeutera (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Folia Heyrovskyana, 8, 197 - 216." type="journal article" year="2000">Moravec 2000: 212</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2C634112AFFFCDCF8DAE82E7AFBA0" blockId="22.[151,1112,856,1034]" box="[151,1112,1010,1034]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0DE11A112AFFFCDCF8DAE82E7AFBA0" box="[151,1112,1010,1034]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABCE025112AFFFCDCF8DAE8290BFBA0" author="Moravec, J." box="[151,809,1010,1034]" page="120" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" year="2002">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DBDB7112AFFFCDCF8DAE8290BFBA0" ID-CoL="4HHZJ" authority=": Moravec 2002 a: 120" authorityName=": Moravec" authorityPageNumber="120" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,809,1010,1034]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodeutera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcoprothoracica" subGenus="Toxoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCDCF8DAE82B00FBA0" box="[151,290,1010,1034]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Physodeutera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCDD5EDAE92BA2FBA0" box="[305,384,1011,1034]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Toxoma</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCDDE0DAE8286AFBA0" box="[399,584,1010,1034]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">sulcoprothoracica</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CBBC5112AFFFCDE39DAE8290BFBA0" author="Moravec, J." box="[598,809,1010,1034]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" refId="ref15451" refString="Moravec, J. (2002 a) Tiger beetles of Madagascar 2. A monograph of the genus Physodeutera (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Nakladatelstvi Kabourek, Zlin, Czech Republic, 290 pp." type="book" year="2002">Moravec 2002a: 120</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs 322, 323–329, 726–727.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30795BF112AFFFCDCF8DD222AF8F9E0" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2C634112AFFFCDCF8DD222BD4FBF8" blockId="22.[151,1437,1080,2043]" box="[151,502,1080,1107]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCDCF8DD222B12FBF8" bold="true" box="[151,304,1080,1106]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A67896112AFFFCDCF8DD222AF0FBF8" box="[151,210,1080,1106]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. “Diego Suarez”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2C634112AFFFCDCA8DD462802F9A8" blockId="22.[151,1437,1080,2043]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCDCA8DD462B52FBDC" bold="true" box="[199,368,1116,1142]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Type material</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A67896112AFFFCDD10DD472BCDFBDD" box="[383,495,1117,1143]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CBBC5112AFFFCDEC8DD47296DFBDC" author="Moravec, J." box="[679,847,1116,1143]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" pagination="197 - 216" refId="ref15414" refString="Moravec, J. (2000) New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles - 6. New taxa in the genus Physodeutera (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Folia Heyrovskyana, 8, 197 - 216." type="journal article" year="2000">Moravec 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1B0DBD112AFFFCDF0BDD47295BFBDD" box="[868,889,1117,1143]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0C5EF1112AFFFCDFCEDD4629C0FBDC" box="[929,994,1116,1142]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">SDEI</collectionCode>
|
||
, labelled: “Diego Suarez” [dark green, printed] // “Donckier” [printed] // “peut-être / la vraim / viridicyaneum / Brullé” [handwritten, nearly illegible] // “f. sulcoprotho- / racica / mihi” [blue, handwritten] // “Type! / Dr. W. Horn” [printed] // “
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A67896112AFFFCD8E6DDBE2ED4FB14" box="[1161,1270,1188,1214]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" type="syntype">Syntypus</typeStatus>
|
||
” [red, printed] // “Coll. W. Horn // DEI, Eberswalde” [printed] // “
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0C5EF1112AFFFCDE8FDDD22903FB48" box="[736,801,1224,1250]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">SDEI</collectionCode>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DBDB7112AFFFCDF45DDD22987FB48" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[810,933,1224,1250]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ # 301924”.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A67896112AFFFCD82ADDD22EC3FB48" box="[1093,1249,1224,1250]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1B0DBD112AFFFCD882DDD22F3AFB49" box="[1261,1304,1224,1251]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0C5EF1112AFFFCD92FDDD32FBAFB49" box="[1344,1432,1225,1251]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
, labelled: “Diego Suarez” [handwritten]; “voisin viridicyaneum / qui a les élytres entierement punctuis / le labre plus grand / noirâtre / rouge au milieu et aussi bords” [handwritten by Fleutiaux, partly illegible]; “Collection / Fleutiaux” [printed]; “Co-type W. Horn vidit pr. 14 / Collection Fleutiaux” [handwritten (nearly illegible) / printed]; “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DBDB7112AFFFCDCCEDC422BE0FAD9" authority="" box="[161,450,1368,1395]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Prothyma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Physodeutera">Prothyma (Physodeutera)</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ sulcoprothoracica m. / Dr. W. Horn det. 1914” [handwritten/printed]; “Muséum Paris / Coll. E. Fleutiaux” [printed]; “Cotype / W. Horn” [printed]. The
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1B0DBD112AFFFCDFFBDC6729D5FA3D" box="[916,1015,1405,1431]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" type="generic">two type</specimenCount>
|
||
specimens are provided with labels: “
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A67896112AFFFCDCCEDCBA2B36FA10" box="[161,276,1440,1466]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(or
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A67896112AFFFCDD29DCBA2BFCFA10" box="[326,478,1440,1466]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
respectively) /
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DBDB7112AFFFCDEFEDCBA29B2FA10" baseAuthorityName="Audouin & Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[657,912,1440,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Prothyma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridicyanea">Prothyma viridicyanea</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ sulcoprothoracica / W. Horn, 1914 / design. by J.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CBBC5112AFFFCDCBADCDF2BA0FA74" author="Moravec, J." box="[213,386,1476,1503]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" pagination="197 - 216" refId="ref15414" refString="Moravec, J. (2000) New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles - 6. New taxa in the genus Physodeutera (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Folia Heyrovskyana, 8, 197 - 216." type="journal article" year="2000">Moravec, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
” [red, printed], and “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DBDB7112AFFFCDE1FDCDE29A2FA74" authority="" authorityName="Rivalier" authorityYear="1967" box="[624,896,1476,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodeutera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Toxoma">Physodeutera (Toxoma)</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ sulcoprothoracica / (W. Horn, 1914) stat. nov. / det. Jiří
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CBBC5112AFFFCDD6EDCF32B84F9A8" author="Moravec, J." box="[257,422,1512,1539]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" pagination="197 - 216" refId="ref15414" refString="Moravec, J. (2000) New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles - 6. New taxa in the genus Physodeutera (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Folia Heyrovskyana, 8, 197 - 216." type="journal article" year="2000">Moravec 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
” [printed].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2C634112AFFFCDCA8DF162AF8F9E0" blockId="22.[151,1437,1080,2043]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
|
||
Other material examined.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B75CC69112AFFFCDD9DDF162E71F98C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3395513304" box="[498,1107,1548,1575]" collectionCode="CCJM, APCA" location="Ambre" municipality="Mt. d'Ambre" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1B0DBD112AFFFCDD9DDF16283CF98D" box="[498,542,1548,1575]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0C5EF1112AFFFCDE28DF1628B2F98C" box="[583,656,1548,1574]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">CCJM</collectionCode>
|
||
(ex
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0C5EF1112AFFFCDEABDF162937F98C" box="[708,789,1548,1574]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">APCA</collectionCode>
|
||
): “
|
||
<location id="8EC290EF112AFFFCDF5BDF1629A8F98C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B47722112AFFF7DCF8DBF528E9FE07:8EC290EF112AFFFCDF5BDF1629A8F98C" box="[820,906,1548,1574]" municipality="Mt. d'Ambre" name="Ambre" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Ambre</location>
|
||
”; “
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC65C4E112AFFFCDFC3DF162E6BF98C" box="[940,1097,1548,1574]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Mt. d’Ambre</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B75CC69112AFFFCD80FDF162AF7F9E0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3395513320" collectionCode="MNHN" location="Diego" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1B0DBD112AFFFCD80FDF162EAEF98D" box="[1120,1164,1548,1575]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0C5EF1112AFFFCD8DADF172F2DF98D" box="[1205,1295,1549,1575]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
: “
|
||
<location id="8EC290EF112AFFFCD947DF162F4EF98C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B47722112AFFF7DCF8DBF528E9FE07:8EC290EF112AFFFCD947DF162F4EF98C" box="[1320,1388,1548,1574]" name="Diego" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Diego</location>
|
||
Suarez”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30795BF112AFFFDDCA8DF4E2ADBFEB7" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2C634112AFFFCDCA8DF4E2EC6F87C" blockId="22.[151,1437,1080,2043]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCDCA8DF4E2BE4F9C4" bold="true" box="[199,454,1620,1646]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DBDB7112AFFFCDDBBDF4E2990F9C4" authorityName=": Moravec" authorityYear="2002" box="[468,946,1620,1647]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodeutera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcoprothoracica" subGenus="Toxoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCDDBBDF4E284CF9C4" box="[468,622,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Physodeutera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCDE11DF4F28F4F9C4" box="[638,726,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Toxoma</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCDE89DF4E2990F9C4" box="[742,946,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">sulcoprothoracica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the other species treated above in having a larger and dully cyaneous body, notopleural sutures of pronotal disc distinctly visible from above and distantly from lateral margins of dorsally visible proepisterna, notably distinct, velvety black shadowy zone on elytra with almost effaced punctures within the area and also on posterior declivity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326DAB1112AFFFCD849DFDA2E5CF970" box="[1062,1150,1728,1754]" captionStart="FIGURES 90–92" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,324,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-76@23.[151,1435,309,1901]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 90–92. Physodeutera (Toxoma) sulcoprothoracica W. Horn. ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA). 90— habitus, 9.9 mm; 91— antennomeres 1–5; 92—antennomeres 1–6. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627241" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5627241/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Figs 90</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326DAB1112AFFFCD8E6DFDA2ECDF970" box="[1161,1263,1728,1754]" captionStart="FIGURES 102–105" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,191,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-17@25.[152,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 102–105. Physodeutera (Toxoma) sulcoprothoracica W. Horn. 102–104—elytra: 102—♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 103—♀, LT (SDEI), adopted from SDEI database; 104—apical area, ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 105—labels of HT (SDEI). Bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627245" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5627245/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">102–104</figureCitation>
|
||
), more voluminous aedeagus with uneven ventral margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326DAB1112AFFFCDE13DFFE2935F954" box="[636,791,1764,1790]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–101" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[158,1423,191,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-31@24.[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 93–101. Physodeutera (Toxoma) sulcoprothoracica W. Horn. ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA). 93—head, ibid.; 94– 95—labrum: 94—♂, ibid.; 95—♀, LT (SDEI), adopted from Moravec (2002a); 96—maxillary palpus, ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 97–98—labial palpus: 97—♂, ibid.; 98—♀, LT (SDEI), adopted from Moravec (2002a); 99—pronotum, ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 100–101—aedeagus showing internal sac in its left and right lateral view. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627243" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5627243/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Figs 100–101</figureCitation>
|
||
) and different sclerites within the internal sac, particularly the voluminous, uniquely shaped (bird-like) upper dorsal piece with small acute apex, which is well-visible both in left and right lateral aspect (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326DAB1112AFFFCDDA2DE36284AF8EC" box="[461,616,1836,1862]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–101" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[158,1423,191,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-31@24.[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 93–101. Physodeutera (Toxoma) sulcoprothoracica W. Horn. ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA). 93—head, ibid.; 94– 95—labrum: 94—♂, ibid.; 95—♀, LT (SDEI), adopted from Moravec (2002a); 96—maxillary palpus, ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 97–98—labial palpus: 97—♂, ibid.; 98—♀, LT (SDEI), adopted from Moravec (2002a); 99—pronotum, ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 100–101—aedeagus showing internal sac in its left and right lateral view. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627243" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5627243/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Figs 100–101</figureCitation>
|
||
) but has not been observed in the other species. Due to its similar (though somewhat less distinct) velvet-black shadowy zone on the elytral disc,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCDFADDE4A29CBF8C0" box="[962,1001,1872,1898]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Ph.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DBDB7112AFFFCDF9DDE4A2ED7F8C0" authorityName=": Moravec" authorityYear="2002" box="[1010,1269,1872,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodeutera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcoprothoracica" subGenus="Toxoma">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCDF93DE4B2E2EF8C0" box="[1020,1036,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">T</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCD84ADE4A2ED7F8C0" box="[1061,1269,1872,1898]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">sulcoprothoracica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DBDB7112AFFFCDCF8DE6E2B13F824" authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1842" box="[151,305,1908,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodeutera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCDCF8DE6E2B13F824" box="[151,305,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Physodeutera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCDD2EDE6F2B73F824" box="[321,337,1909,1934]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">T</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCDD07DE6E282FF824" box="[360,525,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">subtilevelutina</emphasis>
|
||
(W.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CBBC5112AFFFCDE2DDE6F28E4F824" author="Horn, W." box="[578,710,1908,1935]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref15085" refString="Horn, W. (1934) Catalogue Bibliographique et synonymique des Cicindelides de Madagascar (Coleoptera, Fam. Carabidae, subfam. Cicindelini). In: Horn, W. & Olsoufieff, G., Les Cicindelides de Madagascar (premiere partie). Memories de l'Academie Malgache, 1934, pp. 1 - 79, 156 ill., 1 map." type="book chapter" year="1934">Horn, 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, apart from its different body coloration,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCD962DE6E2F16F824" box="[1293,1332,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Ph.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCD92BDE6F2F76F824" box="[1348,1364,1909,1934]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">T</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112AFFFCD903DE6E2B37F818" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">subtilevelutina</emphasis>
|
||
is immediately distinguished by its elytral maculation consisting of elongate humeral-lateral lunule and sublateral-median macula, as well as by very different shape of its aedeagus (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CBBC5112AFFFCD84BDEA72EFBF87C" author="Moravec, J." box="[1060,1241,1980,2007]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" refId="ref15451" refString="Moravec, J. (2002 a) Tiger beetles of Madagascar 2. A monograph of the genus Physodeutera (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Nakladatelstvi Kabourek, Zlin, Czech Republic, 290 pp." type="book" year="2002">Moravec 2002a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2C634112AFFFDDCA8DEFA2ADBFEB7" blockId="22.[151,1437,1080,2043]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
|
||
The discovery of the male (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CBBC5112AFFFCDE67DEFA2890F850" author="Moravec, J." box="[520,690,2016,2042]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" pagination="197 - 216" refId="ref15414" refString="Moravec, J. (2000) New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles - 6. New taxa in the genus Physodeutera (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Folia Heyrovskyana, 8, 197 - 216." type="journal article" year="2000">Moravec 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CBBC5112AFFFCDED0DEFA2927F850" author="Moravec, J." box="[703,773,2016,2042]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" refId="ref15451" refString="Moravec, J. (2002 a) Tiger beetles of Madagascar 2. A monograph of the genus Physodeutera (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Nakladatelstvi Kabourek, Zlin, Czech Republic, 290 pp." type="book" year="2002">2002a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) has revealed that the aedeagus and internal sac also differ from those in the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DBDB7112BFFFDDD96D98D2845FF1B" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1946" box="[505,615,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodeutera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Diarrhiza">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112BFFFDDD96D98D2845FF1B" box="[505,615,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Diarrhiza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and that
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112BFFFDDEBDD98D28D3FF1B" box="[722,753,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Ph</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DBDB7112BFFFDDF6ED98D29DCFF1B" authorityName=": Moravec" authorityYear="2002" box="[769,1022,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodeutera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcoprothoracica" subGenus="Toxoma">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112BFFFDDF65D98D2938FF1A" box="[778,794,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">T</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112BFFFDDF5DD98D29DCFF1B" box="[818,1022,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">sulcoprothoracica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a distinct species of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DBDB7112BFFFDDCF8D9A12ACDFF7E" authorityName="Rivalier" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,239,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodeutera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Toxoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112BFFFDDCF8D9A12ACDFF7E" box="[151,239,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Toxoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Females of these two subgenera can easily be recognized by the shape of the penultimate palpomeres of labial palpi, which are only moderately dilated in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112BFFFDDED5D9C5293BFF52" box="[698,793,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DBDB7112BFFFDDED5D9C52937FF52" authorityName="Rivalier" authorityYear="1967" box="[698,789,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodeutera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Toxoma">Toxoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
whereas those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DBDB7112BFFFDDFB3D9C52E68FF53" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1946" box="[988,1098,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodeutera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Diarrhiza">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112BFFFDDFB3D9C52E68FF53" box="[988,1098,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Diarrhiza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess widely inflated lateral margins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF6296BC112BFFFDDCF8DE9E2938F86A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627241" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5627241" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5627241/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" startId="23.[151,264,1924,1948]" targetBox="[164,1425,324,1881]" targetPageId="23">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2C634112BFFFDDCF8DE9E2938F86A" blockId="23.[151,1436,1924,1984]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112BFFFDDCF8DE9E2B76F836" bold="true" box="[151,340,1924,1948]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">FIGURES 90–92.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DBDB7112BFFFDDD35DE9E294FF836" authority="W. Horn." authorityName="W. Horn." box="[346,877,1924,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodeutera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcoprothoracica" subGenus="Toxoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112BFFFDDD35DE9E2BC7F836" box="[346,485,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Physodeutera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112BFFFDDD9CDE9F2860F836" box="[499,578,1925,1948]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Toxoma</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A26112BFFFDDE3EDE9E2928F836" box="[593,778,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">sulcoprothoracica</emphasis>
|
||
W. Horn.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA). 90— habitus, 9.9 mm; 91— antennomeres 1–5; 92—antennomeres 1–6. Bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6296BC1124FFF2DCF8DE512EFBF865" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627243" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5627243" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5627243/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" startId="24.[151,264,1867,1891]" targetBox="[158,1423,191,1831]" targetPageId="24">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2C6341124FFF2DCF8DE512EFBF865" blockId="24.[151,1436,1867,2000]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261124FFF2DCF8DE512B43F8CE" bold="true" box="[151,353,1867,1892]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">FIGURES 93–101.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DBDB71124FFF2DD08DE56295EF8C9" authority="W. Horn." authorityName="W. Horn." box="[359,892,1868,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodeutera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcoprothoracica" subGenus="Toxoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261124FFF2DD08DE562BD0F8CE" box="[359,498,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Physodeutera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261124FFF2DE6EDE562872F8C9" box="[513,592,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Toxoma</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261124FFF2DE0FDE56293BF8CE" box="[608,793,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">sulcoprothoracica</emphasis>
|
||
W. Horn.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA). 93—head, ibid.; 94– 95—labrum: 94—♂, ibid.; 95—♀, LT (SDEI), adopted from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CBBC51124FFF2DF67DE6A2999F822" author="Moravec, J." box="[776,955,1904,1928]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" refId="ref15451" refString="Moravec, J. (2002 a) Tiger beetles of Madagascar 2. A monograph of the genus Physodeutera (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Nakladatelstvi Kabourek, Zlin, Czech Republic, 290 pp." type="book" year="2002">Moravec (2002a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; 96—maxillary palpus, ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 97–98—labial palpus: 97—♂, ibid.; 98—♀, LT (SDEI), adopted from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CBBC51124FFF2DFAFDE8E2E50F806" author="Moravec, J." box="[960,1138,1940,1964]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" refId="ref15451" refString="Moravec, J. (2002 a) Tiger beetles of Madagascar 2. A monograph of the genus Physodeutera (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Nakladatelstvi Kabourek, Zlin, Czech Republic, 290 pp." type="book" year="2002">Moravec (2002a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; 99—pronotum, ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 100–101—aedeagus showing internal sac in its left and right lateral view. Bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6296BC1125FFF3DCF8DE512BB4F801" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627245" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5627245" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5627245/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" startId="25.[151,264,1867,1891]" targetBox="[155,1428,191,1827]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2C6341125FFF3DCF8DE512BB4F801" blockId="25.[151,1436,1867,1964]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261125FFF3DCF8DE512B53F8CE" bold="true" box="[151,369,1867,1892]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">FIGURES 102–105.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DBDB71125FFF3DD14DE5629BDF8C9" authority="W. Horn." authorityName="W. Horn." box="[379,927,1868,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodeutera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcoprothoracica" subGenus="Toxoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261125FFF3DD14DE562824F8CE" box="[379,518,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Physodeutera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261125FFF3DE76DE56284AF8C9" box="[537,616,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Toxoma</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261125FFF3DE14DE562916F8CE" box="[635,820,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">sulcoprothoracica</emphasis>
|
||
W. Horn.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
102–104—elytra: 102—♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 103—♀, LT (SDEI), adopted from SDEI database; 104—apical area, ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 105—labels of HT (SDEI). Bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30795BF1126FFF1DCA8D98C2AD4FE78" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="178" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2C6341126FFF0DCA8D98C2B20FF7F" blockId="26.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261126FFF0DCA8D98C2B4FFF1A" bold="true" box="[199,365,150,176]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Redescription</emphasis>
|
||
. Body large and rather robust (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326DAB11126FFF0DEBCD98C290AFF1A" box="[723,808,150,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 90–92" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,324,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-76@23.[151,1435,309,1901]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 90–92. Physodeutera (Toxoma) sulcoprothoracica W. Horn. ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA). 90— habitus, 9.9 mm; 91— antennomeres 1–5; 92—antennomeres 1–6. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627241" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5627241/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Fig. 90</figureCitation>
|
||
), length 9.60–10.8 (female LT 10.75) mm, width 3.00–
|
||
<quantity id="4CE56BD11126FFF0DCF8D9A02ADCFF7F" box="[151,254,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.50 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2C6341126FFF0DCA8D9C42902FF53" blockId="26.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,800,222,249]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
|
||
Head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326DAB11126FFF0DD7DD9C42B41FF52" box="[274,355,222,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–101" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[158,1423,191,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-31@24.[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 93–101. Physodeutera (Toxoma) sulcoprothoracica W. Horn. ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA). 93—head, ibid.; 94– 95—labrum: 94—♂, ibid.; 95—♀, LT (SDEI), adopted from Moravec (2002a); 96—maxillary palpus, ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 97–98—labial palpus: 97—♂, ibid.; 98—♀, LT (SDEI), adopted from Moravec (2002a); 99—pronotum, ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 100–101—aedeagus showing internal sac in its left and right lateral view. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627243" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5627243/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Fig. 93</figureCitation>
|
||
) with large eyes, length
|
||
<quantity id="4CE56BD11126FFF0DE19D9C4293EFF53" box="[630,796,222,249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" unit="mm" value="3.2" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="3.1">3.10–3.30 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2C6341126FFF0DCA8D8192EB0FEEB" blockId="26.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Frons dark metallic cyaneous, convex, almost smooth; supraantennal plates indistinct, inconspicuously bordered, merging with surface sculpture; frons-vertex fold blunt, fluently passing into vertex.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2C6341126FFF0DCA8D8512F05FE7A" blockId="26.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Vertex deep cyaneous, with faint violet lustre, with deep and large transverse anterior impression reaching eyes; surface densely parallel-longitudinally striate-rugulose, rugae divergent posteriorly when passing onto temples; large juxtasutural areas with dense parallel rugae interrupted by two shallow yet distinct posterolateral impressions; posteromedian area finely wavy-rugulose; posteromedian and occipital areas finely irregularly rugulose.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2C6341126FFF0DCA8D8C0295AFE5E" blockId="26.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,888,474,500]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Genae deep blue with violaceous reflections, finely wrinkled.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2C6341126FFF0DCA8D8E42969FDB2" blockId="26.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,843,510,536]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Clypeus black-blue, smooth with few wrinkles in middle.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2C6341126FFF0DCA8DB3828AAFD5A" blockId="26.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
|
||
Labrum with four setae, ivory-testaceous to testaceous with metallic black-blue basomedian area,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE56BD11126FFF0D959DB382FBFFD97" box="[1334,1437,546,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" unit="mm" value="1.05">1.05 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE56BD11126FFF0DCB7DB5C2B1CFDCB" box="[216,318,582,609]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.30 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, basolateral margins arcuate, then conically attenuated towards indistinct lateral indentations and prominent, subacute anterolateral teeth and elongate, anteriad-prolonged tridentate median lobe; male labrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326DAB11126FFF0DCCFDB942AD3FD02" box="[160,241,654,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–101" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[158,1423,191,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-31@24.[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 93–101. Physodeutera (Toxoma) sulcoprothoracica W. Horn. ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA). 93—head, ibid.; 94– 95—labrum: 94—♂, ibid.; 95—♀, LT (SDEI), adopted from Moravec (2002a); 96—maxillary palpus, ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 97–98—labial palpus: 97—♂, ibid.; 98—♀, LT (SDEI), adopted from Moravec (2002a); 99—pronotum, ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 100–101—aedeagus showing internal sac in its left and right lateral view. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627243" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5627243/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Fig. 94</figureCitation>
|
||
) with anteromedian lobe possessing right-angled but pointed teeth; female labrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326DAB11126FFF0D8F5DB942EC9FD03" box="[1178,1259,654,681]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–101" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[158,1423,191,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-31@24.[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 93–101. Physodeutera (Toxoma) sulcoprothoracica W. Horn. ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA). 93—head, ibid.; 94– 95—labrum: 94—♂, ibid.; 95—♀, LT (SDEI), adopted from Moravec (2002a); 96—maxillary palpus, ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 97–98—labial palpus: 97—♂, ibid.; 98—♀, LT (SDEI), adopted from Moravec (2002a); 99—pronotum, ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 100–101—aedeagus showing internal sac in its left and right lateral view. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627243" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5627243/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Fig. 95</figureCitation>
|
||
) almost as long as wide, length
|
||
<quantity id="4CE56BD11126FFF0DD29DBA82BC8FD67" box="[326,490,690,717]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4249999999999998" metricValueMax="1.45" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" unit="mm" value="1.4249999999999998" valueMax="1.45" valueMin="1.4">1.40–1.45 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="4CE56BD11126FFF0DE53DBA82880FD67" box="[572,674,690,717]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.50 mm</quantity>
|
||
, possessing longer anteromedian lobe with acute or three mucronate teeth, median tooth of which slightly longer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2C6341126FFF0DCA8DBE02F57FC92" blockId="26.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
|
||
Mandibles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326DAB11126FFF0DD20DBE02B81FCBE" box="[335,419,762,788]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–101" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[158,1423,191,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-31@24.[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 93–101. Physodeutera (Toxoma) sulcoprothoracica W. Horn. ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA). 93—head, ibid.; 94– 95—labrum: 94—♂, ibid.; 95—♀, LT (SDEI), adopted from Moravec (2002a); 96—maxillary palpus, ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 97–98—labial palpus: 97—♂, ibid.; 98—♀, LT (SDEI), adopted from Moravec (2002a); 99—pronotum, ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 100–101—aedeagus showing internal sac in its left and right lateral view. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627243" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5627243/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Fig. 93</figureCitation>
|
||
) almost symmetrical, normally shaped with four teeth and basal molar, brown with mahogany tinge, inner teeth gradually smaller towards basal molar, fourth tooth distinctly distant from third tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2C6341126FFF0DCA8DA582B66FC62" blockId="26.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
|
||
Palpi in male testaceous, only terminal palpomeres brownish-darkened in male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326DAB11126FFF0D833DA582E93FCF7" box="[1116,1201,834,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–101" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[158,1423,191,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-31@24.[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 93–101. Physodeutera (Toxoma) sulcoprothoracica W. Horn. ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA). 93—head, ibid.; 94– 95—labrum: 94—♂, ibid.; 95—♀, LT (SDEI), adopted from Moravec (2002a); 96—maxillary palpus, ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 97–98—labial palpus: 97—♂, ibid.; 98—♀, LT (SDEI), adopted from Moravec (2002a); 99—pronotum, ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 100–101—aedeagus showing internal sac in its left and right lateral view. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627243" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5627243/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Fig. 96</figureCitation>
|
||
), while last two palpomeres of maxillary palpi brown-darkened in female; penultimate palpomeres of labial palpi moderately dilated with subparallel lateral margins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326DAB11126FFF0DE67DA9028A9FC0E" box="[520,651,906,932]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–101" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[158,1423,191,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-31@24.[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 93–101. Physodeutera (Toxoma) sulcoprothoracica W. Horn. ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA). 93—head, ibid.; 94– 95—labrum: 94—♂, ibid.; 95—♀, LT (SDEI), adopted from Moravec (2002a); 96—maxillary palpus, ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 97–98—labial palpus: 97—♂, ibid.; 98—♀, LT (SDEI), adopted from Moravec (2002a); 99—pronotum, ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 100–101—aedeagus showing internal sac in its left and right lateral view. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627243" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5627243/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Figs 97–98</figureCitation>
|
||
), their ventral (smooth) side ochre-testaceous in male, brownish darkened in female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2C6341126FFF0DCA8DAC82955FBF2" blockId="26.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Antennae sexually dimorphic in coloration; in male with scape testaceous, antennomeres 2–3 black, 4 black with basal half paler, brownish (brown on right antenna), 5–7 testaceous, gradually darkened, 8–11 brownishsmoky; in female antennomeres 1–4 black-brown (except for paler ventral area of scape and base of antennomeres 3 and 4), antennomeres 5–6 testaceous, remaining ones darkened.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2C6341126FFF0DCA8DD782820FA4E" blockId="26.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
|
||
Thorax. Pronotum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326DAB11126FFF0DDC9DD782BDBFBD6" box="[422,505,1122,1148]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–101" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[158,1423,191,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-31@24.[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 93–101. Physodeutera (Toxoma) sulcoprothoracica W. Horn. ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA). 93—head, ibid.; 94– 95—labrum: 94—♂, ibid.; 95—♀, LT (SDEI), adopted from Moravec (2002a); 96—maxillary palpus, ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 97–98—labial palpus: 97—♂, ibid.; 98—♀, LT (SDEI), adopted from Moravec (2002a); 99—pronotum, ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 100–101—aedeagus showing internal sac in its left and right lateral view. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627243" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5627243/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Fig. 99</figureCitation>
|
||
) moderately elongate, length 2.00–
|
||
<quantity id="4CE56BD11126FFF0DFE4DD7829D0FBD7" box="[907,1010,1122,1149]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.10 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="4CE56BD11126FFF0D828DD782ECFFBD7" box="[1095,1261,1122,1149]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.85" metricValueMin="1.65" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="1.85" valueMin="1.65">1.65–1.85 mm</quantity>
|
||
, dark cyaneous with faint, deep violet lustre; anterior and posterior sulci well pronounced; anterior lobe narrower than posterior lobe and disc, with distinct anterior rim, surface shallowly irregularly rugulose; disc with lateral margins including dorsally visible proepisternal margins moderately convex, almost subparallel in female, slightly anteriad-attenuated in male, notopleural sutures markedly visible from above, mutually parallel-running or slightly mutually constricted in middle; median line narrow, but distinct; surface of disc densely transversely wavy-rugose; posterior lobe with distinct posterior rim, dorsolateral bulges pulvinate-elevated, almost smooth, fluently passing to irregularly wrinkled median area; proepisterna iridescent blue-green, indistinctly parallel-striate, striae particularly present along notopleural sutures; prosternum, mesosternum and metasternum iridescent blue-green, finely wrinkled (metasternum smooth); mesepisterna and metepisterna shiny blue-green; female mesepisternal coupling sulci indistinct, in form of opened shallow pit in middle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2C6341126FFF0DCA8DCF42F02F8DA" blockId="26.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
|
||
Elytra (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326DAB11126FFF0DD71DCF42B9FF9A2" box="[286,445,1518,1544]" captionStart="FIGURES 102–105" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,191,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-17@25.[152,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 102–105. Physodeutera (Toxoma) sulcoprothoracica W. Horn. 102–104—elytra: 102—♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 103—♀, LT (SDEI), adopted from SDEI database; 104—apical area, ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 105—labels of HT (SDEI). Bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627245" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5627245/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Figs 102–104</figureCitation>
|
||
) elongate,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE56BD11126FFF0DE50DCF428C7F9A3" box="[575,741,1518,1545]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="5.9" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" unit="mm" value="6.2" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="5.9">5.90–6.50 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; humeral impressions short yet rather deep, basodiscal convexity moderate, discal impression shallow yet large, apical impressions moderate; lateral margins slightly dilated in middle and at arcuate anteapical angles (more distinctly so in female), with sparse and short white setae on juxtaepipleural area, apices rounded in both sexes, indistinctly emarginated towards indistinct blunt sutural spine; elytral punctation with denser and coarser punctures on humeral, discal and lateral areas, occasionally anastomosing in chains, sometimes their elevated anterior margins forming blunt crests (the sculpture appears rasp-liked when observed under different light-angle); posterior half of elytral disc almost smooth as the punctures are almost effaced within black-velvety shadowy zone and on posterior declivity; elytral coloration dark metallic cyaneous with diffusing bronze and violet lustre and velvet-black shadowy zone passing from lateral margins across middle of elytral disc (the intensity of the dark zone changes depending on angles of illumination); elytral maculation consisting of large, white to yellowish humeral macula in male, which is reduced, brownish, barely visible in female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2C6341126FFF0DCA8DE602AD2F812" blockId="26.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Abdomen. Abdominal ventrites metallic black-blue with faint bronze lustre, their surface glabrous as in other species.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2C6341126FFF1DCA8DED929F9FF53" blockId="26.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1436,151,537]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="178" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Legs. Coxae pale brownish with testaceous apices except for nearly testaceous male procoxae, female procoxae metallic brownish-blue; trochanters dirtily testaceous; male pro- and mesofemora distinctly bicoloured, blackbrown dorsally, testaceous or light-brownish ventrally; metafemora black with testaceous base; female legs much darker, femora almost entirely black or black-brown with mahogany tinge.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2C6341127FFF1DCA8D8192AD4FE78" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,537]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
|
||
Aedeagus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326DAB11127FFF1DD2AD8192BC0FEB7" box="[325,482,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–101" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[158,1423,191,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-31@24.[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 93–101. Physodeutera (Toxoma) sulcoprothoracica W. Horn. ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA). 93—head, ibid.; 94– 95—labrum: 94—♂, ibid.; 95—♀, LT (SDEI), adopted from Moravec (2002a); 96—maxillary palpus, ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 97–98—labial palpus: 97—♂, ibid.; 98—♀, LT (SDEI), adopted from Moravec (2002a); 99—pronotum, ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 100–101—aedeagus showing internal sac in its left and right lateral view. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627243" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5627243/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Figs 100–101</figureCitation>
|
||
) notably stout, length
|
||
<quantity id="4CE56BD11127FFF1DE8DD818296BFEB7" box="[738,841,258,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" unit="mm" value="2.55">2.55 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="4CE56BD11127FFF1DFF1D8182E24FEB7" box="[926,1030,258,285]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" unit="mm" value="0.65">0.65 mm</quantity>
|
||
; dorsally with uneven margin while ventral outline almost straight in middle, apically moderately bent ventrad; apical portion almost fluently passing towards short, regularly rounded apex; structure of internal sac consisting of thin, straight (stick-like) arciform piece while the satellite piece is only rudimental; other sclerites consist of basal and dorsal plates, thin longitudinal ventral-upper piece, and additional, uniquely shaped dorsal-upper tooth that is voluminous in middle (bird-like shaped).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30795BF1127FFF1DCA8D8C02EE1FDB3" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2C6341127FFF1DCA8D8C02EE1FDB3" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,537]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261127FFF1DCA8D8C02B7BFE5E" bold="true" box="[199,345,474,500]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326DAB11127FFF1DD06D8C12BE9FE5C" box="[361,459,475,502]" captionStart="FIGURE 106" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1561,1585]" captionTargetBox="[271,1319,572,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-167@27.[262,1326,561,1538]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 106. Distribution of four Physodeutera (Toxoma) species in northern part of Madagascar. Adopted from the map of preserved areas in Madagascar according to Moat & Smith (2007), adapted and published previously (Moravec 2010) under permission of the trustee of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, GB." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627247" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5627247/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Fig. 106</figureCitation>
|
||
). Known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A678961127FFF1DEB8D8C12925FE5F" box="[727,775,475,501]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in the prefecture of Diego Suarez (northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30A86A41127FFF1D93CD8C12AC1FDB3" name="Madagascar" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
); the only male (CCJM ex APCA) comes from the Montagne d’Ambre of the same area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF6296BC1127FFF1DCF8DF032914F9D0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627247" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5627247" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5627247/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" startId="27.[151,250,1561,1585]" targetBox="[271,1319,572,1531]" targetPageId="27">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2C6341127FFF1DCF8DF032914F9D0" blockId="27.[151,1437,1561,1658]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261127FFF1DCF8DF032B0CF99B" bold="true" box="[151,302,1561,1585]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">FIGURE 106.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of four
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DBDB71127FFF1DE6BDF0328D4F998" authority="" authorityName="Rivalier" authorityYear="1967" box="[516,758,1561,1586]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodeutera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Toxoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261127FFF1DE6BDF0328ADF99B" box="[516,655,1561,1585]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Physodeutera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261127FFF1DEF0DF0028CCF99B" box="[671,750,1562,1585]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Toxoma</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in northern part of Madagascar. Adopted from the map of preserved areas in Madagascar according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CBBC51127FFF1DE0BDF242965F9FC" author="Moat, J. & Smith, P." box="[612,839,1597,1622]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" refId="ref15346" refString="Moat, J. & Smith, P. (2007) Atlas of the vegetation of Madagascar. Kew publishing. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 124 pp." type="book" year="2007">Moat & Smith (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, adapted and published previously (Moravec 2010) under permission of the trustee of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, GB.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30795BF1127FFF7DCA8DFB228E9FE07" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="180" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2C6341127FFF1DCA8DFB22F41F848" blockId="27.[151,1437,1704,2018]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261127FFF1DCA8DFB22B16F968" bold="true" box="[199,308,1704,1730]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. This species was originally described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CBBC51127FFF1DF49DFB22997F968" author="Horn, W." box="[806,949,1704,1730]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref15061" refString="Horn, W. (1913) 50 neue Cicindelinae. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 79 (A), 1 - 33." type="book chapter" year="1913">Horn (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DBDB71127FFF1DF8EDFB22B41F94C" authorityName=": W. Horn" authorityYear="1934" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Prothyma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="viridicyanea" subGenus="Physodeutera" subSpecies="sulcoprothoracica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261127FFF1DF8EDFB22E6CF968" box="[993,1102,1704,1730]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Prothyma</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261127FFF1D80CDFB22EDFF968" box="[1123,1277,1704,1730]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Physodeutera</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261127FFF1D97FDFB22B41F94C" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">viridicyanea sulcoprothoracica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(the issuing date was previously interpreted as 1914, also in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CBBC51127FFF1D863DFD62E9FF94C" author="Moravec, J." box="[1036,1213,1740,1766]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" refId="ref15451" refString="Moravec, J. (2002 a) Tiger beetles of Madagascar 2. A monograph of the genus Physodeutera (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Nakladatelstvi Kabourek, Zlin, Czech Republic, 290 pp." type="book" year="2002">Moravec 2002a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and this status was consecutively maintained by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CBBC51127FFF1DDB1DFEA28A1F8A0" author="Jeannel, R." box="[478,643,1775,1802]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" refId="ref15178" refString="Jeannel, R. = (1946) Coleopteres Carabiques de la region Malgache (premiere partie). Faune de l'empire francais. VI. Libraire Larosse, Paris, 372 pp." type="book" year="1946">Jeannel (1946)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CBBC51127FFF1DED6DFEA2946F8A0" author="Rivalier, E." box="[697,868,1775,1802]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="261 - 296" refId="ref16752" refString="Rivalier, E. (1967) Le genre Physodeutera Lacordaire (Col. Cicindelidae) revision et description d'especes nouvelles. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, New Series, 3, 261 - 296." type="journal article" year="1967">Rivalier (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(as subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DBDB71127FFF1D841DFEA2F6DF8A0" authority="" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1946" box="[1070,1359,1776,1802]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodeutera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Diarrhiza">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261127FFF1D841DFEA2EEAF8A0" box="[1070,1224,1776,1802]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Physodeutera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261127FFF1D8B7DFEA2F64F8A0" box="[1240,1350,1776,1802]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Diarrhiza</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261127FFF1D939DFEA2AC4F887" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">viridicyanea</emphasis>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261127FFF1DD1FDE0E2BADF884" box="[368,399,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Ph</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DBDB71127FFF1DDF3DE0E28BAF884" box="[412,664,1812,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodeutera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcoprothoracica" subGenus="Toxoma">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261127FFF1DDC9DE0E2B94F887" box="[422,438,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">T</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261127FFF1DDA3DE0E28BAF884" box="[460,664,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">sulcoprothoracica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only superficially resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DBDB71127FFF1DFB0DE0E2EEEF884" baseAuthorityName="Audouin & Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[991,1228,1812,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Prothyma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridicyanea" subGenus="Diarrhiza">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261127FFF1DFB0DE0E29DCF884" box="[991,1022,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Ph</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261127FFF1D87ADE0E2E13F887" box="[1045,1073,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">D.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261127FFF1D82FDE0E2EEEF884" box="[1088,1228,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">viridicyanea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and clearly differs from it by numerous characters, which are distinctive of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DBDB71127FFF1DFD1DE222E34F8FB" authorityName="Rivalier" authorityYear="1967" box="[958,1046,1848,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodeutera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Toxoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261127FFF1DFD1DE222E34F8FB" box="[958,1046,1848,1873]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Toxoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially the moderately dilated but not inflated penultimate palpomeres of the labial palpi, aedeagus with reduced sclerites within the internal sac and the differently shaped and coloured labrum. Also the reduced epimero-proepisternal furrow of the prothorax (laterally separating posterior lobe from proepisterna), which was used as one of the diagnostic characters in the description of “ssp.”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DBDB71127FFF1DDEBDED22872F848" box="[388,592,1992,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodeutera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcoprothoracica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261127FFF1DDEBDED22872F848" box="[388,592,1992,2018]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">sulcoprothoracica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by W.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CBBC51127FFF1DEF0DED2290EF848" author="Horn, W." box="[671,812,1992,2018]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref15061" refString="Horn, W. (1913) 50 neue Cicindelinae. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 79 (A), 1 - 33." type="book chapter" year="1913">Horn (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, is a diagnostic character of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DBDB71127FFF1D96BDED22F7EF84B" authorityName="Rivalier" authorityYear="1967" box="[1284,1372,1992,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodeutera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Toxoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261127FFF1D96BDED22F7EF84B" box="[1284,1372,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Toxoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6296BC1120FFF6DCF8DE512E95F822" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627249" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5627249" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5627249/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" startId="28.[151,250,1867,1891]" targetBox="[151,1435,444,1844]" targetPageId="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2C6341120FFF6DCF8DE512E95F822" blockId="28.[151,1436,1867,1928]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261120FFF6DCF8DE512B0FF8CE" bold="true" box="[151,301,1867,1892]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">FIGURE 107.</emphasis>
|
||
Above: overall view on the Parc National de Lokobe, Nosy Be, Madagascar. Bellow: biotope of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DBDB71120FFF6D97EDE562B4BF822" authority="Moravec, 2021" authorityName="Moravec" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodeutera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lokobensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Toxoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261120FFF6D97EDE562FBEF8CE" box="[1297,1436,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Physodeutera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261120FFF6DCCFDE6A2ACDF82D" box="[160,239,1904,1927]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Toxoma</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261120FFF6DC91DE6A2B4BF822" box="[254,361,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">lokobensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261120FFF6DD00DE6A2B9DF822" bold="true" box="[367,447,1904,1928]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25AA75D1120FFF6DD00DE6A2B9DF822" box="[367,447,1904,1928]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, in the forest of Lokobe (Mitsinjo circuit). Photographed by Miloš Trýzna.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2C6341121FFF7DCA8D98D28E9FE07" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">
|
||
In the original description, only
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1B0DBD1121FFF7DE5BD98D289EFF1B" box="[564,700,151,177]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D908D61121FFF7DF6ED98D29AAFF1B" box="[769,904,151,177]" country="Madagascar" name="Antsiranana" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">Antsiranana</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Diego Suarez), North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30A86A41121FFF7D8FDD98D2F3BFF1B" box="[1170,1305,151,177]" name="Madagascar" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Montagne d’Ambre) were mentioned, and also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CBBC51121FFF7DE52D9A128C5FF7C" author="Jeannel, R." box="[573,743,187,214]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" refId="ref15178" refString="Jeannel, R. = (1946) Coleopteres Carabiques de la region Malgache (premiere partie). Faune de l'empire francais. VI. Libraire Larosse, Paris, 372 pp." type="book" year="1946">Jeannel (1946)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who treated it as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DBDB71121FFF7DFD1D9A12F4BFF7F" box="[958,1385,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridicyanea" subGenus="Diarrhiza">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261121FFF7DFD1D9A12E68FF7F" box="[958,1098,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">Megalomma</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261121FFF7D833D9A12EE8FF7F" box="[1116,1226,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">Diarrhiza</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261121FFF7D8B2D9A12F4BFF7F" box="[1245,1385,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">viridicyanea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261121FFF7D91DD9A12B61FF53" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">sulcoprothoracica</emphasis>
|
||
, mentioned only
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1B0DBD1121FFF7DE66D9C528B0FF53" box="[521,658,223,249]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
|
||
from the collection of Fleutiaux (probably the same type females on which
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CBBC51121FFF7DC8CD8192B4CFEB7" author="Horn, W." box="[227,366,259,285]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref15061" refString="Horn, W. (1913) 50 neue Cicindelinae. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 79 (A), 1 - 33." type="book chapter" year="1913">Horn (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based the description and which are now deposited in SDEI). The only hitherto known male of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261121FFF7DCF8D83D2A94FEEB" box="[151,182,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">Ph</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1DBDB71121FFF7DCAAD83D2BE0FEEB" box="[197,450,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodeutera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcoprothoracica" subGenus="Toxoma">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261121FFF7DCA0D83D2AFDFEEA" box="[207,223,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">T</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9691A261121FFF7DC99D83D2BE0FEEB" box="[246,450,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">sulcoprothoracica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is that in CCJM (ex APCA), first described and illustrated in line drawings by the first author (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CBBC51121FFF7DC82D8512B80FECF" author="Moravec, J." box="[237,418,331,357]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" refId="ref15451" refString="Moravec, J. (2002 a) Tiger beetles of Madagascar 2. A monograph of the genus Physodeutera (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Nakladatelstvi Kabourek, Zlin, Czech Republic, 290 pp." type="book" year="2002">Moravec 2002a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), accompanied with a colour photograph of its habitus (fig. 726); the colour photographs of the male are presented here. Only the elytron of the female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A678961121FFF7DF5FD87529B5FE23" box="[816,919,367,393]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(SDEI) is illustrated here (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326DAB11121FFF7D8AAD8752F04FE23" box="[1221,1318,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 102–105" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,191,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-17@25.[152,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 102–105. Physodeutera (Toxoma) sulcoprothoracica W. Horn. 102–104—elytra: 102—♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 103—♀, LT (SDEI), adopted from SDEI database; 104—apical area, ♂, “Ambre” (CCJM ex APCA); 105—labels of HT (SDEI). Bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627245" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5627245/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">Fig. 103</figureCitation>
|
||
); for other illustrations of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A678961121FFF7DD05D8892BF3FE07" box="[362,465,403,429]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CBBC51121FFF7DE6DD88928E5FE07" author="Moravec, J." box="[514,711,403,429]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" refId="ref15451" refString="Moravec, J. (2002 a) Tiger beetles of Madagascar 2. A monograph of the genus Physodeutera (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Nakladatelstvi Kabourek, Zlin, Czech Republic, 290 pp." type="book" year="2002">Moravec (2002a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |